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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://autrementautrement.com/2024/01/29/carto-chemins/"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://unherd.com/?p=492293"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/auk-2023-2018/html"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://asawinstanley.substack.com/p/praise-for-weaponising-anti-semitism"/>
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  </channel><item rdf:about="https://chess-axis.zite.so/">
    <title>Chess Axis: your personal chess analytics dashboard</title>
    <dc:date>2026-04-16T09:45:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://chess-axis.zite.so/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[evaluates lichess performance ]]></description>
<dc:subject>chess</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:06f2219680f5/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://wonkmonksnotes.wordpress.com/2021/04/22/daniel-ellsberg-the-effect-of-top-secret-clearance/">
    <title>The effect of top secret clearance</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-11T08:26:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://wonkmonksnotes.wordpress.com/2021/04/22/daniel-ellsberg-the-effect-of-top-secret-clearance/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[How access to top secret "knowledge" changes a man]]></description>
<dc:subject>agnotology sociology</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:7d926b61ff82/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-men-who-killed-google/">
    <title>The Man Who Killed Google Search</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-10T08:24:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-men-who-killed-google/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The personalities behind Google's enshittification
]]></description>
<dc:subject>google search</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:b4fe3e7f5629/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://minecraft.wiki/">
    <title>Minecraft docs</title>
    <dc:date>2026-01-23T16:45:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://minecraft.wiki/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[the best wiki apparently ]]></description>
<dc:subject>minecraft</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:ac16a17db95a/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://novachess.ai/articles/bishop_knight_article.html">
    <title>Are Bishops Actually Better than Knights? A Data-Driven approach</title>
    <dc:date>2026-01-06T09:23:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://novachess.ai/articles/bishop_knight_article.html</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Ponies are better than you think; the juicer pair advantage is real (though modest)]]></description>
<dc:subject>chess</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:6ce36672ab8b/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://thepalindrome.org/p/the-roadmap-of-mathematics-for-machine-learning">
    <title>The road map of mathematics for machine learning</title>
    <dc:date>2026-01-06T08:31:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thepalindrome.org/p/the-roadmap-of-mathematics-for-machine-learning</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Covers necessary math for understanding how neural networks actually work]]></description>
<dc:subject>mathematics programming</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:4034d853c96f/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://timkr.home.xs4all.nl/chess/chess.html">
    <title>Tim Krabbé's chess curiosities</title>
    <dc:date>2025-12-07T02:39:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://timkr.home.xs4all.nl/chess/chess.html</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><dc:subject>chess</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:8a4f8cd08a19/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://otherhand.org">
    <title>If you’re here, you must be seriously lost.</title>
    <dc:date>2025-11-28T15:06:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://otherhand.org</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Search guy]]></description>
<dc:subject>search preppers walking</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:6f4bd3a1c4f1/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.saordepaor.com/">
    <title>Siobhan De Paor</title>
    <dc:date>2025-10-14T21:14:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.saordepaor.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[irish poet]]></description>
<dc:subject>writing ireland</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:98b1dca37ff0/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/wellness/ng-interactive/2025/jun/03/melissa-febos-memoir-celibacy">
    <title>Our fantasy of love has to do with need and dependency’: Melissa Febos on her year of celibacy</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-04T03:07:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/wellness/ng-interactive/2025/jun/03/melissa-febos-memoir-celibacy</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[some interesting remarks on sex, relationships, and writing ]]></description>
<dc:subject>writing sex</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:1a710eea6844/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://database.chessbase.com/">
    <title>ChessbaseIndex</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-29T19:50:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://database.chessbase.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Anna Cramling's top prep tip]]></description>
<dc:subject>chess</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:92fba2582ca3/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/may/26/germany-former-volkswagen-managers-convicted-fraud-dieselgate">
    <title>Four former Volkswagen managers convicted of fraud in ‘dieselgate’ trial</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-27T05:31:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/may/26/germany-former-volkswagen-managers-convicted-fraud-dieselgate</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[4 VW employees convicted of fraud by German court: 2 imprisoned]]></description>
<dc:subject>VWgate</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:2662bb979398/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://bikesnobnyc.blogspot.com/2009/10/indignity-of-commuting-by-bicycle.html?m=1">
    <title>The Indignity of Commuting by Bicycle: Shoals of Idiocy</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-26T20:22:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://bikesnobnyc.blogspot.com/2009/10/indignity-of-commuting-by-bicycle.html?m=1</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[     ...the truth is that some people are faster than others. This can be because they're carrying less stuff, or they're in more of a hurry, or they're simply more physically fit. As such, it's tempting to think that we can set parameters for what constitutes an acceptable shoal. For example, you might say that a Cat 2 racer should be allowed to shoal someone riding a laden Xtracycle, since obviously he's going to get off to a much faster start. Well, theoretically, this makes sense. However, in practice everybody thinks they're faster than everybody else. What happens when the Cat 5 who thinks he's fast shoals a Cat 2 who's on the way home from work in street clothes and thus appears to be just another commuter? Well, we all know what happens--the Cat 5 has trouble clipping back into his new road pedals, the commuting Cat 2 is forced to go around him, and then the Cat 5 spends the next three blocks doing his best to pass him again. It's a tragic cycle, and it's one that can end if we're all prepared to bid a collective farewell to the practice of shoaling.

     Of course, if you're a bike messenger, you probably don't shoal because you don't stop at all.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling writing funny</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:f94c9c014d31/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
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<item rdf:about="https://journals.openedition.org/traces/10399">
    <title>« Mendiants thésauriseurs », « Diogènes » ou « Pluchkines » : travailler auprès de personnes vivant dans l’incurie en France</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-08T04:25:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://journals.openedition.org/traces/10399</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Here are gathered a series of accounts coming from professionals – nurses, psychologists, sociologist, urbanist – working with people diagnosed as suffering from the “Diogenes Syndrome”. This syndrome, which comprehension is still controversial, is often defined as a trouble combining a tendency to compulsive hoarding (syllogomania), a great neglect of oneself and of one’s habitation, and a pronounced social isolation. Between these persons and the fallen objects they gather and share their lives with, a type ]]></description>
<dc:subject>français psychology sociology writing</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:6998c18012f9/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://theintercept.com/2024/12/04/meta-facebook-terrorism-censorship-speech/">
    <title>The Facebook Apostate She Joined Facebook to Fight Terror. Now She’s Convinced We Need to Fight Facebook</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-08T01:36:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theintercept.com/2024/12/04/meta-facebook-terrorism-censorship-speech/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Ex-Facebook employee developed the scunner for its content moderation policies when asked to relax standards for Azov battalion. Pro-Israeli bias assured]]></description>
<dc:subject>socialmedia facebook censorship</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:edfa2670c909/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:facebook"/>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.demandsage.com/twitter-statistics/">
    <title>Twitter (X) User Statistics 2024 — Age, Gender, Demographics</title>
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    <link>https://www.demandsage.com/twitter-statistics/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[overview of the state of the twitter 2024]]></description>
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<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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    <title>How To Bluesky By @ctsinclair.bsky.social</title>
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    <link>https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UYwldFGo3bcQbLoQ9MB8k-DILZicnROXMmVooOztuE8/edit?usp=drivesdk</link>
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<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/sep/26/social-media-posts-endangered-species-capercaillie-birders-aoe">
    <title>‘You could single-handedly push it to extinction’: how social media is putting our rarest wildlife at risk</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-26T12:51:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/sep/26/social-media-posts-endangered-species-capercaillie-birders-aoe</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[crowds of twitchers with 600mm lenses stressing rare bird species]]></description>
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    <title>Anna’s Archive : The largest truly open library in human history.</title>
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    <link>https://annas-archive.org/datasets</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Our mission is to archive all the books in the world (as well as papers, magazines, etc), and make them widely accessible. We believe that all books should be mirrored far and wide, to ensure redundancy and resiliency. This is why we’re pooling together files from a variety of sources. Some sources are completely open and can be mirrored in bulk (such as Sci-Hub). Others are closed and protective, so we try to scrape them in order to “liberate” their books. Yet others fall somewhere in between.

All our data can be torrented, and all our metadata can be generated or downloaded as ElasticSearch and MariaDB databases. The raw data can be manually explored through JSON files such as this.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-094/shall-we-all-commit-suicide/">
    <title>Shall We All Commit Suicide? Winston Churchill and the Scientific Imagination</title>
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    <link>https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-094/shall-we-all-commit-suicide/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Historical essay on Churchill's engagement with "science" (in fact, military technology). Any great reader of HG Wells would say the same things, so perhaps not so sonorously.
Collected in Churchill’s 1932 collection of essays Thoughts and Adventures I Amid These Storms]]></description>
<dc:subject>war history politics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:f8645b3c1a2c/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica">
    <title>Indian gooseberry</title>
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    <link>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Indian gooseberry!

HT Lennie Lee]]></description>
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<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/moringa/en/#:~:text=Moringa%20is%20a%20genus%20of,dried%20and%20ground%20into%20powder.">
    <title>Traditional Crops: Moringa</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-03T21:58:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/moringa/en/#:~:text=Moringa%20is%20a%20genus%20of,dried%20and%20ground%20into%20powder.</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Moringa oleifera is the economically most valuable species and is native to South Asia, where it grows in the Himalayan foothills but is widely cultivated across the tropics. Nine species occur in eastern Ethiopia, northern Kenya, and Somalia, of which eight are endemic to Africa.

How to eat it
Moringa leaf korma

Ingredients: 2 cups tender plucked leaves of moringa; 1/2 cup split green gram with skin...

HT Lennie Lee]]></description>
<dc:subject>food medicine</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:5a02faabe077/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://jksteinberger.medium.com/what-we-are-up-against-2290ba8c4b5c">
    <title>What we are up against</title>
    <dc:date>2024-08-30T07:37:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://jksteinberger.medium.com/what-we-are-up-against-2290ba8c4b5c</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Hayek and the Atlas Network skewered ]]></description>
<dc:subject>climate agnotology politics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:c84827b296f0/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://aeon.co/essays/why-does-australia-have-an-outsized-influence-on-philosophy">
    <title>Australian philosophy</title>
    <dc:date>2024-07-29T03:33:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://aeon.co/essays/why-does-australia-have-an-outsized-influence-on-philosophy</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[A particularly worthy article for its unfailing decryption of philosophical jargon throughout

A particularly worthy article for its 
Illustration of three people near the Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge at sunset with a city skyline in the distance.
Australian philosophy
Despite its reputation as remote and anti-intellectual, Australia has exercised a surprisingly deep influence on philosophy
Illustration by Matt Murphy/Handsome Frank

Peter Godfrey-Smithis professor of history and philosophy of science at the University of Sydney. He is the author of Metazoa: Animal Life and the Birth of the Mind (2020) and Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness (2016), among others. He lives near Sydney.

Edited byNigel Warburton

4,600 words

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In 1988 I travelled from Sydney to San Diego, California, to start a PhD in philosophy. That trip looks like a short hop now, but back then it seemed a long way. I had just finished an undergraduate philosophy degree at the University of Sydney. After I arrived, part of my training for the PhD was to work as a teaching assistant (or tutor) for a course in moral philosophy. The course syllabus, I was surprised to find, was full of Australians: Peter Singer, John Mackie, Jack Smart.

At Sydney I had worked especially in the philosophy of mind, and learned early on that there was a family of views called ‘Australian materialism’. This suggested that Australia meant something in philosophy. I had also seen at Sydney a series of visitors from very good American universities, who had all said that the philosophical scene in Australia was unusually strong. But it was natural to wonder whether they were being gracious as guests. I knew also that I was joining a stream of Australian students who had gone to graduate school overseas. But I was still surprised to find, in an area of philosophy far from mine, all those Australians on the syllabus.

Australia has had an outsized influence on philosophy, especially in the middle and late-20th century. The field still shows a broad Australian footprint. For many years, Princeton University in New Jersey, perennially one of the highest-ranked philosophy departments, has had three or four Australians on its faculty (depending on when you look and on how you count Australians). Princeton has always been an especially clear case, but the influence is all over, an ongoing export of both people and ideas. Given the modest size of Australia (with a population of about 25 million now, but under 17 million until the end of the 1980s), and the popular image of the country’s intellectual life, this is a bit surprising. What is going on? How did this happen?

What you think about all this depends on what you think is valuable and worthwhile in philosophy, a topic subject to enormous disagreement. Many qualified people think that Martin Heidegger, for example, was the most breathtakingly original and important philosopher of the past century. Other qualified people think that he was an obscurantist Nazi windbag. Australia has not produced someone as polarising as Heidegger, but here, as elsewhere, there is a lot of disagreement about how philosophy should be done.

Some of this disagreement can be described with a distinction between ‘analytic’ and ‘continental’ philosophy, a terminology that is serviceable, though it misleads in some ways. The divergence dates from the early and mid-20th century. The analytic style is more associated with English-speaking work, and the continental style has been more influenced by German and French 20th-century developments.

The two approaches are perhaps now best seen as differing on the goals of doing philosophy. One philosophical goal is the investigation of difficult and abstract questions in a clear and argumentative way (analytic). The writing that results is often rather dry and unexciting. On the continental side, versions of traditional philosophical questions are usually still in view, as is a deep concern with the history of the field, but the activity of philosophy becomes an arena for political and aesthetic gesture, and for a highly personal working-through of topics such as death and alienation. Clear communication is willingly sacrificed to further novel and radical possibilities of thought. A problem on the analytic side of philosophy is a tendency to expend enormous energy on narrowly technical puzzle-solving that has lost touch with significant problems. Avoiding empty pretension is a problem on the continental side.

‘Continental’ is a misleading term in some ways, as the analytic style is very strong in some parts of Europe, especially in the Nordic countries and Spain, while the continental style has significant outposts in all English-speaking countries.

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Most of the philosophers discussed here are on the analytic side of the divide. The story begins in the middle of the 20th century, and it is worth setting the scene internationally before turning to Australia. England and the USA were the main centres of the emerging analytic style in philosophy, with some differences between them. In the US, a group of émigrés from Europe, particularly Austria and Germany, fleeing Nazism, had strengthened a technical approach to philosophy and an orientation towards science and problem-solving. England, and especially Cambridge, had entered an unusual phase due to the extraordinary influence of one particular Viennese import, Ludwig Wittgenstein. He criticised the whole idea of giving theories in philosophy. In Wittgenstein-influenced circles, it is seen as regrettable, even crass, to try to solve, rather than deflate, the field’s traditional problems (of mind and matter, fact and value, freedom, experience and reality). Philosophy exists because we make mistakes about language. When the mistakes are fixed, philosophy will fade.

Across the globe in Australia, the two most important places intellectually in many respects were the universities at Sydney and Melbourne. Especially for readers born digital, it is worth emphasising the isolation of Australia from the main philosophical centres at this time, and through many of the decades in which the philosophical story unfolds. Mail was slow, and international phone calls extravagantly expensive. Travel was by ship and the UK-to-Sydney route took around a month. (It was actually possible to fly as a passenger from London to Sydney from the 1930s, but the trip took 12 days and cost the equivalent of tens of thousands of dollars.)

Sydney and Melbourne both had philosophy departments that dated from the 19th century. Sydney was dominated for decades by a Scottish-born professor, John Anderson, who arrived in 1927 and exercised enormous local influence until his retirement in 1958. Anderson was a realist, materialist, and atheist – ‘realism’ here being a commitment to a largely mind-independent world that we are all part of. Initially, he was a communist sympathiser, but he came to reject the movement’s authoritarian manner (not so much towards Russian workers, but towards local supporters) and later moved towards the anti-communist Right.

Central to Anderson and his influence was an uncompromising defence of free thought: ‘The theorist cannot recognise any limitation of freedom of speech and academic freedom, and has the right to be as blasphemous, obscene and seditious as he likes, whatever offence may be sustained by vested interests.’ In 1943, the State Parliament condemned some of Anderson’s statements as ‘calculated to undermine the principles which constitute a Christian State’.

This circle was an early influence on Germaine Greer, Robert Hughes and Clive James

The preacher of free enquiry was inclined to strongly enforce his own line locally – in hiring, in developing the curriculum, and so on. He did not always practise what he preached. (Similar stories are told about Karl Popper, an uncompromising defender of free criticism and the ‘open society’, as long as not too much criticism was directed at himself.) The following quote – which is taken, along with most of my material about Anderson, from Jim Franklin’s well-titled book Corrupting the Youth (2003) – is rather shocking: ‘if you give students all sorts of views, you are not encouraging a real grasp of philosophy’.

Anderson’s writings had no influence whatsoever outside Australia, but he was able to exert a lot of personal influence over philosophers who eventually became much better-known. Around Sydney, a philosophical style took hold that valued clear argumentative writing and the attempt to give theories that answered questions – a problem-solving style that encouraged cumulative work. Anderson’s influence reached outside the academy; he inspired a group of tough-minded and hard-drinking bohemians that included journalists, lawyers and misfits known as the ‘Sydney Push’. This social circle was an important early influence on Germaine Greer, Robert Hughes and Clive James, among others, a story chronicled in another well-titled book, Anne Coombs’s Sex and Anarchy (1996).

Melbourne followed a different road. There, Wittgenstein’s influence took hold in the 1940s, with its disdain for theory-building in philosophy. So the Australian scene mid-century partially mirrored the differences between the US and the UK, with one side seeing philosophy as a collection of research projects, and another seeing philosophy as a problematic, largely regrettable, activity. Not everything in Melbourne was negative. Melbournians were more concerned with ethical questions than the Sydney scene was. Sydney thinkers were trying to be ruthlessly critical and hard-headed; Melbournians wanted to make things better.

The way I’ll approach the next stage – describing how Australian philosophy took off – is by looking at a trio who I think are clearly the most influential philosophers the Australian scene has produced. Their unusual influence can be acknowledged whether or not one thinks their ideas are any good. Though Melbourne and Sydney were the main centres of philosophy in Australia after the Second World War, the first figure I will talk about came out of neither. This is Jack Smart.

J J C Smart (always known either by those initials or by ‘Jack’) was born in Scotland and educated at the universities of Glasgow and Oxford, but he became a central exemplar of Australian philosophy – perhaps the person most associated with an Australian style in the field. In 1950, he became professor at the University of Adelaide, which had no philosophy department at that time. Philosophy was mixed in with Psychology and Education, and in that unit Smart had just one philosophical colleague. He worked on many themes, but his collaboration with the psychologist U T Place on the mind-body problem made the biggest mark. Smart appointed Place to his small group, and then spun off Psychology as a separate department. The work of Smart and Place was the beginning of ‘Australian materialism’, which hypothesises a relation of identity – literal sameness – between mental processes such as experiences, and physical processes in the brain. This view had been seen as too crude to take seriously in philosophy, even though science seemed to be pushing towards it. Clearly there is some important relation between the two, but how could they be the same? Smart and Place argued that the relation between mind and brain is analogous to the relation between lightning and electrical discharges in the atmosphere – they are identical, though this is far from obvious.

Smart also argued for utilitarianism in ethics – good actions are those that have the best overall consequences in enabling pleasure and preventing pain – and for ‘scientific realism’, the idea that successful scientific theories can be treated as descriptions of the hidden workings of a mind-independent world. He did pioneering work on the nature of time, arguing against the view that time passes, and future events come into existence with that passage. Smart was also an enormously likeable and generous man. He was the centre of an extremely productive group at Adelaide for about 20 years, before moving on to a series of other Australian universities where he played a similarly inspirational role.

In a context of rising Left-wing activism, the Sydney philosophy department split into two

The next central figure in the development of Australian philosophy of mind, a figure not as universally liked, was David Armstrong. He was a product of the Sydney scene around Anderson, and was its most influential product within philosophy. Armstrong developed the materialist view of Smart and Place in a more detailed and ambitious form, sometimes in parallel and sometimes in interaction with David Lewis, an American philosopher who came to be such a regular visitor to Australia from the 1970s onwards that he is very much part of the history of Australian philosophy. Armstrong’s book A Materialist Theory of the Mind (1968) argued that our ordinary concepts of mental states (our concept of pain, memory, and so on) are associated with causal roles, with things that pains and memories do, especially in causing behaviour. Once the causal roles associated with each mental state have been described, science can (and does) tell us that particular states and processes in the brain are the things that actually play these roles. If that is true, it follows that pains and memories (etc) just are those states and processes in the brain.

Armstrong was politically active on the centre-Right. He and his politics, in a context of rising Left-wing activism around the Vietnam war, were central to an outlandish sequence of events in which the University of Sydney philosophy department split into two separate departments in the 1970s. The split was organised initially along political lines, with one broadly socialist and feminist department, and the other tending to the centre-Right; but later, through the transformation of the Left-wing department, it evolved into a form shaped more by the continental/analytic divide discussed above, with Armstrong on the analytic side.

During the 1970s Armstrong turned from philosophy of mind towards metaphysics, a subfield that debates the general nature of properties (such as shape and colour), laws of nature, how to think about the merely possible, and what sort of thing an ordinary physical object such as a chair might be. Metaphysics has for a while been the most controversial part of the analytic side of philosophy, as it is so hard to keep one’s feet on the ground, and it often appears that there can be nothing at stake in debates about whether the world contains ‘universals’ such as redness, as well as red things, for example. This is exactly the sort of debate that a Wittgenstein-influenced philosopher wants us to leave behind. But in the 1980s, metaphysics of this kind took off in the English-speaking world. Lewis, Armstrong’s American collaborator, was probably the single most important person in those debates until his death in 2001. Lewis’s work was both technically meticulous and often extravagant (for him, all possible worlds literally exist, as well as the actual world). But during these years of ascent in what is now called ‘analytic metaphysics’, Armstrong set quite a lot of the agenda.

The third member of my trio is Peter Singer. He is probably the most influential and controversial philosopher in the world today. Singer has surely had more effect on what people actually do than any other philosopher for many years.

Singer grew up in Melbourne and studied at the University of Melbourne, without being tempted by its Wittgensteinianism. He focused on moral philosophy. After further study at Oxford, he has spent most of his career around Melbourne, and also New York and Princeton in the US. While a graduate student at Oxford, Singer became a vegetarian on moral grounds, and in 1975 he published Animal Liberation, an extraordinarily powerful book that has changed the everyday behaviours of a large number of people and put considerable pressure on the use of animals in scientific experimentation.

Like Smart, Singer is a utilitarian. He has developed and applied that outlook in many other areas, most controversially to the infanticide of severely disabled children, which he thinks can be acceptable if they have no prospect of a happy life. Recently, he has been central to the ‘effective altruism’ movement, which tries in a rigorous way to work out how charity and everyday actions can do the most good.

If you look at these three, who have a special place with respect to sheer influence, there are some similarities in doctrine – at least two materialists and realists, two utilitarians, three atheists. Some of that pattern recedes once one broadens one’s view a little; Frank Jackson and David Chalmers, two Australian philosophers who have been very prominent over the past few decades, have argued against materialism. They have argued, against people like Armstrong, that the mental cannot be understood simply in terms of causal roles, and materialist views cannot explain the feel of mental processes. Jackson later recanted, but Chalmers is probably the most influential critic of materialism today. In addition to sharing some philosophical views, there is a distinctive stylistic feature that Smart, Armstrong and Singer have in common. They all have an unusually simple but forceful style.

This combination of simplicity and forcefulness is hard to achieve in professional philosophy

Nearly anyone can read Singer, and that is by design. But Smart’s most important book, Philosophy and Scientific Realism (1963), and many of Armstrong’s books are also notable for their simplicity of presentation. There is limited jargon, no self-absorbed convolution. Despite being accessible, they are argumentatively forceful, trying explicitly to persuade. There is rarely rhetorical excess, but no holding back.

This combination of simplicity and forcefulness is hard to achieve once you are in professional philosophy. For many of us, there are always too many options, angles and complications surrounding what one wants to say. If you want to be forceful, you have to cover a lot of bases, and simplicity is then lost.

One can cautiously make contrasts between some of the local traditions I’ve discussed here. The British tradition has often valued simplicity of presentation, but in a way that does not push too hard. Understatement is a valued trait in British philosophy, less so in the US. There, some of the most influential late-20th-century philosophers have written in a way heavily inflected by the formal, technical side of their topic. Even when writing ordinary prose, one can sense an intricate machine lurking just nearby. (Lewis, Armstrong’s close friend, wrote like this.) This gives those Americans’ work a lot of power in the debates as they unfold, but it does mean that their writing often dates as today’s technical enthusiasms are replaced by new ones. The work can seem rather tied to the methods and language of the time.

Smart and Armstrong’s writings have also dated, but not in this way. They are easier to read today, fresher, especially in Smart’s case, than most other philosophy from that period.

If we expand the picture past the trio above, to consider the next round of names, does the same pattern hold? To some extent, I think so (John Mackie and Frank Jackson are examples). As we further expand the circle, though, these tendencies becomes lost in diversity. My stylistic generalisations have many exceptions elsewhere, too. In England, Elizabeth Anscombe was a close associate of Wittgenstein, but also a formidable philosopher in her own right. She was far from the worldview of the Australians I’ve been discussing, being influenced by Wittgenstein but also a committed Roman Catholic who integrated this outlook into her work. Her writing had the combination I described above, with a force and directness that can be almost unnerving. The UK has plenty of technically infused philosophy, too. Its traditions of writing about language in a simpler vein were changed in the 1970s, in part due to the US philosopher Donald Davidson, a paradigm case of someone writing with technical machinery alongside. He achieved sudden influence in the UK in a process sometimes known as the ‘Davidsonic boom’.

Australian philosophy also has a strong tradition in formal logic and other technical fields, especially at the Australian National University in Canberra. On the US side, Saul Kripke is a special case. He is another of those philosophers writing against a high-powered technical background, but in some of his work, including what many regard as the most important piece of philosophy in the late-20th century, Naming and Necessity (1972), there is a radiant simplicity of style.

I do, however, think that there is a distinctive tradition of philosophical writing in Australia, and some habits of thinking associated with that writing. Marking out this difference does not do much to explain the influence of Australian philosophy, though I do think of it as a strength. If we look more broadly, people tell two kinds of story about the overall strength of the field. Some of these stories are mostly ‘external’ – they draw on general facts about habits of mind and a social context outside of philosophy, while others are more ‘internal’, emphasising the development of a philosophical culture and the role of crucial individuals.

On the external side, some have suggested that a general Australian tough-mindedness has played a role. Fiona Cowie came through Sydney in the 1980s when I did, and taught at Caltech in Pasadena until her very untimely death at 55 in 2018. In an interview in 2009, she said that a ‘no-bullshit ethos’ was characteristic of Australian culture, and has helped in philosophy: ‘Analytic philosophy is all about bullshit detection, and we [Australians] are very good at that.’

At least part of what Cowie had in mind was a distrust of obscurity and pretension, of grandiose jargon that might disguise the fact that a view has left the rails. When one is discussing very abstract questions, such a mindset can be invaluable. The philosophers I have focused on so far – Smart, Armstrong and Singer, along with others such as Jackson and Mackie – all exemplify this kind of thinking, and it is linked to their style of writing. But I am not so sure it is characteristic of Australian intellectual habits in general.

Philosophy and the other humanities in Australia have seen plenty of enthusiasm for convoluted, jargon-filled work. When the University of Sydney’s philosophy department split in the 1970s, Armstrong ended up in one of them, while the other – which had many more students – quickly became a centre of poststructuralism and related late-20th-century trends, featuring close study of Jacques Derrida and Jacques Lacan, work of exactly the sort that Cowie’s bullshit-detector would filter out. When I meet students who studied the humanities in Australian universities around the very end of the previous century, I tend to find them more infused with the tangled language of that period (more over-steeped in Gilles Deleuze, in particular) than their US counterparts. Though it is true that Australia’s most famous philosophers have prized clarity and a no-nonsense style, I suspect this isn’t a reflection of the broader intellectual culture, much as I would like to think it is.

I incline towards explanations of the other, ‘internal’ form – explanations in terms of pivotal individuals and the local cultures they created. If these factors are what counted, then the outcome was probably very contingent, and would go quite differently in other possible worlds. What would have happened to Australian philosophy, for example, had the administrators at the University of Queensland, in the sunny subtropical north, accepted Karl Popper’s application for a job just before the Second World War, rather than opting for a known internal candidate? Popper, a giant of 20th-century philosophy of science, was another Austrian émigré (and someone who shared Anderson’s mixed attitude to criticism, as described above). He instead spent the war years at Canterbury in New Zealand, before moving on to the London School of Economics. Friedrich Waismann, a member of the Vienna Circle, who ended up at Oxford, also applied unsuccessfully for that Queensland job.

The story I have told so far has been almost entirely a story about men, with Cowie the first female Australian philosopher mentioned. As Franklin’s book Corrupting the Youth shows, in its photos as well as text, women did have some role in Australian philosophy from its early days. From the 1980s onwards, that role has amplified greatly, though I think the male-dominated story I have told about the most influential group is right, and Australian philosophy has not yet produced a Simone de Beauvoir, an Elizabeth Anscombe or a Ruth Millikan.

Australia had healthy, well-funded and well-organised universities in the crucial period

When I was a student at Sydney in Armstrong’s department, women students were certainly taken seriously – though it irked Fiona Cowie when Armstrong endlessly emphasised what a superb writer she was. Cowie was indeed an exceptional writer, but she took Armstrong’s comment to be, if not faint praise, rather inattentive to her goals as a philosopher. Rae Langton, now professor at the University of Cambridge, flourished as a student in that department around the same time.

All in all, it is not easy to give a definitive cause for the strength and influence of Australian philosophy in this period. Explanations in terms of strong local cultures and the guidance of key people are, I think, more plausible than explanations in terms of a large-scale cultural style. In addition, Australia had healthy, well-funded and well-organised universities in the crucial period. They are now under some assault from bureaucratic encroachment, and from a neglect of the humanities (even though employers seem to want nothing more than graduates who can think inventively and write clearly). In several universities, the philosophy department has been forced to join, partially or entirely, with others into acronymically named ‘schools’, entities loved only by higher administrators. At Princeton and at Harvard University, in contrast, the philosophy department is still just the philosophy department.

A number of the philosophers I’ve discussed chose to explore lines of thought that have panned out well as the years have passed – when explaining the success of Australian philosophy, this is something on both the cause and effect sides of the ledger. Materialism of the sort seen in Smart, Place and Armstrong was a view waiting to be developed, though it took courage to take the first steps. Something similar might be said about the tendency towards realism. ‘Realism’ in philosophy is not a single view, but a family of positions, seen in debates in many areas. Sometimes ‘realism’ about something – moral values, for example, or possible objects, or God – just means commitment to the existence of that particular kind of thing. Given this, no one is a realist across the board. Many standard statements of a realist outlook are also problematic, as they flatly assert the ‘independence’ of the physical world from our minds, even though much of the business of our minds is transforming what goes on in the world, and even though, if materialism is right, our minds are well and truly part of the physical world.

Realist views can be developed in different forms – Huw Price, another Australian professor at Cambridge, has a version quite different from Smart or Armstrong. But there is a general picture of humans and their place in things that realist philosophers tend to share, a picture that sees us as parts of a larger, common, structured environment, learning about it when things go well, and acting on it in constrained and partially efficacious ways. This is a view in which the idea that a person’s perspective determines their own world is rejected. My world is your world, too, even if our perspectives differ. Australian philosophers have often taken a realist side in this sense, and often also, while working on other matters, have tacitly assumed this outlook and not been caught up in doubts about it. This has stood Australians in good stead, because as the decades have passed, the reasons to doubt this picture, and try to say something else, have receded.

Is this tradition of strength likely to continue? Strength might well continue, but in a different form. A large-scale and ongoing transformation in recent years has been the attenuation of national and regional variation in philosophy, due to technology – due to the differences between the present day and the days of travel by ship and no email. This is not leading to an overall flattening-out of differences in philosophy. There is still enormous diversity. But the differences are becoming less geographical.

It would be interesting to do a fine-grained historical analysis, looking at the effects of different technologies on philosophy and other humanistic disciplines – the transitions wrought first by inexpensive photocopies and air travel, then email, and then the internet in full information-deluge form. The local intellectual traditions I have emphasised in my story can’t really exist if information flows completely freely. There is a need for some locality of influence. This still existed to some extent in the 1980s, but – as evidenced by the instantaneous worldwide publication of this essay – is greatly reduced now.

Thinkers and theories
Comparative philosophy
History of ideas
19 March 2019]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://contre-attaque.net/2024/07/08/les-legislatives-sont-elles-truquees/">
    <title>Les législatives sont-elles truquées ?</title>
    <dc:date>2024-07-08T00:02:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://contre-attaque.net/2024/07/08/les-legislatives-sont-elles-truquees/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[I did not know that French député constituencies varied so much (40,000 to 115,000 electors), tending to favour the right]]></description>
<dc:subject>france politics français</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/">
    <title>Pentagon ran secret anti-vax campaign to undermine China during pandemic</title>
    <dc:date>2024-06-15T08:56:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-covid-propaganda/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. military launched a secret campaign to counter what it perceived as China’s growing influence in the Philippines, a nation hit especially hard by the deadly virus. 

The clandestine operation has not been previously reported. It aimed to sow doubt about the safety and efficacy of vaccines and other life-saving aid that was being supplied by China, a Reuters investigation found. Through phony internet accounts meant to impersonate Filipinos, the military’s propaganda efforts morphed into an anti-vax campaign. Social media posts decried the quality of face masks, test kits and the first vaccine that would become available in the Philippines – China’s Sinovac inoculation. 

Reuters identified at least 300 accounts on X, formerly Twitter, that matched descriptions shared by former U.S. military officials familiar with the Philippines operation. Almost all were created in the summer of 2020 and centered on the slogan #Chinaangvirus – Tagalog for China is the virus


A REUTERS INVESTIGATION
Pentagon ran secret anti-vax campaign to undermine China during pandemic
A healthcare worker inoculates Encarnacion Tan Suan, 86, at a vaccination center in San Juan City, Metro Manila, amid the COVID-19 outbreak in the Philippines. Photo: REUTERS/Peter Blaza. Illustration: John Emerson

The U.S. military launched a clandestine program amid the COVID crisis to discredit China’s Sinovac inoculation – payback for Beijing’s efforts to blame Washington for the pandemic. One target: the Filipino public. Health experts say the gambit was indefensible and put innocent lives at risk.

By CHRIS BING and JOEL SCHECTMAN Filed June 14, 2024, 9:45 a.m. GMT
WASHINGTON, DC

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. military launched a secret campaign to counter what it perceived as China’s growing influence in the Philippines, a nation hit especially hard by the deadly virus.

The clandestine operation has not been previously reported. It aimed to sow doubt about the safety and efficacy of vaccines and other life-saving aid that was being supplied by China, a Reuters investigation found. Through phony internet accounts meant to impersonate Filipinos, the military’s propaganda efforts morphed into an anti-vax campaign. Social media posts decried the quality of face masks, test kits and the first vaccine that would become available in the Philippines – China’s Sinovac inoculation.

Reuters identified at least 300 accounts on X, formerly Twitter, that matched descriptions shared by former U.S. military officials familiar with the Philippines operation. Almost all were created in the summer of 2020 and centered on the slogan #Chinaangvirus – Tagalog for China is the virus.


This post, identified by Reuters, matched the messaging, timeframe and design of the U.S. military’s anti-vax propaganda campaign in the Philippines, former and current military officials say. Social media platform X also identified the account as fake and removed it.
TRANSLATION FROM TAGALOG

#ChinaIsTheVirus

Do you want that? COVID came from China and vaccines came from China

(Beneath the message is a picture of then-Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte saying: “China! Prioritize us first please. I’ll give you more islands, POGO and black sand.” POGO refers to Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators, online gambling companies that boomed during Duterte’s administration. Black sand refers to a type of mining.)

“COVID came from China and the VACCINE also came from China, don’t trust China!” one typical tweet from July 2020 read in Tagalog. The words were next to a photo of a syringe beside a Chinese flag and a soaring chart of infections. Another post read: “From China – PPE, Face Mask, Vaccine: FAKE. But the Coronavirus is real.”

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After Reuters asked X about the accounts, the social media company removed the profiles, determining they were part of a coordinated bot campaign based on activity patterns and internal data.

The U.S. military’s anti-vax effort began in the spring of 2020 and expanded beyond Southeast Asia before it was terminated in mid-2021, Reuters determined. Tailoring the propaganda campaign to local audiences across Central Asia and the Middle East, the Pentagon used a combination of fake social media accounts on multiple platforms to spread fear of China’s vaccines among Muslims at a time when the virus was killing tens of thousands of people each day. A key part of the strategy: amplify the disputed contention that, because vaccines sometimes contain pork gelatin, China’s shots could be considered forbidden under Islamic law.

The military program started under former President Donald Trump and continued months into Joe Biden’s presidency, Reuters found – even after alarmed social media executives warned the new administration that the Pentagon had been trafficking in COVID misinformation. The Biden White House issued an edict in spring 2021 banning the anti-vax effort, which also disparaged vaccines produced by other rivals, and the Pentagon initiated an internal review, Reuters found.

“I don’t think it’s defensible. I’m extremely dismayed, disappointed and disillusioned to hear that the U.S. government would do that.”

Daniel Lucey, infectious disease specialist at Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine.
The U.S. military is prohibited from targeting Americans with propaganda, and Reuters found no evidence the Pentagon’s influence operation did so.

Spokespeople for Trump and Biden did not respond to requests for comment about the clandestine program.

A senior Defense Department official acknowledged the U.S. military engaged in secret propaganda to disparage China’s vaccine in the developing world, but the official declined to provide details.

A Pentagon spokeswoman said the U.S. military “uses a variety of platforms, including social media, to counter those malign influence attacks aimed at the U.S., allies, and partners.” She also noted that China had started a “disinformation campaign to falsely blame the United States for the spread of COVID-19.”

In an email, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that it has long maintained the U.S. government manipulates social media and spreads misinformation.

Manila’s embassy in Washington did not respond to Reuters inquiries, including whether it had been aware of the Pentagon operation. A spokesperson for the Philippines Department of Health, however, said the “findings by Reuters deserve to be investigated and heard by the appropriate authorities of the involved countries.” Some aid workers in the Philippines, when told of the U.S. military propaganda effort by Reuters, expressed outrage.

Briefed on the Pentagon’s secret anti-vax campaign by Reuters, some American public health experts also condemned the program, saying it put civilians in jeopardy for potential geopolitical gain. An operation meant to win hearts and minds endangered lives, they said.

“I don’t think it’s defensible,” said Daniel Lucey, an infectious disease specialist at Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine. “I’m extremely dismayed, disappointed and disillusioned to hear that the U.S. government would do that,” said Lucey, a former military physician who assisted in the response to the 2001 anthrax attacks.

The effort to stoke fear about Chinese inoculations risked undermining overall public trust in government health initiatives, including U.S.-made vaccines that became available later, Lucey and others said. Although the Chinese vaccines were found to be less effective than the American-led shots by Pfizer and Moderna, all were approved by the World Health Organization. Sinovac did not respond to a Reuters request for comment.


Health workers and the government struggled to get Filipinos vaccinated against COVID-19, despite mobile sites like this one, operating in May 2021 in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. At that time, the Philippines had one of the worst inoculation rates in Southeast Asia. The primary vaccine available then was Sinovac. REUTERS/Lisa Marie David
Academic research published recently has shown that, when individuals develop skepticism toward a single vaccine, those doubts often lead to uncertainty about other inoculations. Lucey and other health experts say they saw such a scenario play out in Pakistan, where the Central Intelligence Agency used a fake hepatitis vaccination program in Abbottabad as cover to hunt for Osama bin Laden, the terrorist mastermind behind the attacks of September 11, 2001. Discovery of the ruse led to a backlash against an unrelated polio vaccination campaign, including attacks on healthcare workers, contributing to the reemergence of the deadly disease in the country.

“It should have been in our interest to get as much vaccine in people’s arms as possible,” said Greg Treverton, former chairman of the U.S. National Intelligence Council, which coordinates the analysis and strategy of Washington’s many spy agencies. What the Pentagon did, Treverton said, “crosses a line.”

‘We were desperate’

Together, the phony accounts used by the military had tens of thousands of followers during the program. Reuters could not determine how widely the anti-vax material and other Pentagon-planted disinformation was viewed, or to what extent the posts may have caused COVID deaths by dissuading people from getting vaccinated.

In the wake of the U.S. propaganda efforts, however, then-Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte had grown so dismayed by how few Filipinos were willing to be inoculated that he threatened to arrest people who refused vaccinations.

“You choose, vaccine or I will have you jailed,” a masked Duterte said in a televised address in June 2021. “There is a crisis in this country … I’m just exasperated by Filipinos not heeding the government.”

 Then-Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte pleaded with citizens to get the COVID vaccine. “You choose, vaccine or I will have you jailed,” a masked Duterte said in this televised address in June 2021. 
When he addressed the vaccination issue, the Philippines had among the worst inoculation rates in Southeast Asia. Only 2.1 million of its 114 million citizens were fully vaccinated – far short of the government’s target of 70 million. By the time Duterte spoke, COVID cases exceeded 1.3 million, and almost 24,000 Filipinos had died from the virus. The difficulty in vaccinating the population contributed to the worst death rate in the region.


A spokesperson for Duterte did not make the former president available for an interview.

Some Filipino healthcare professionals and former officials contacted by Reuters were shocked by the U.S. anti-vax effort, which they say exploited an already vulnerable citizenry. Public concerns about a Dengue fever vaccine, rolled out in the Philippines in 2016, had led to broad skepticism toward inoculations overall, said Lulu Bravo, executive director of the Philippine Foundation for Vaccination. The Pentagon campaign preyed on those fears.

“Why did you do it when people were dying? We were desperate,” said Dr. Nina Castillo-Carandang, a former adviser to the World Health Organization and Philippines government during the pandemic. “We don’t have our own vaccine capacity,” she noted, and the U.S. propaganda effort “contributed even more salt into the wound.”

The campaign also reinforced what one former health secretary called a longstanding suspicion of China, most recently because of aggressive behavior by Beijing in disputed areas of the South China Sea. Filipinos were unwilling to trust China’s Sinovac, which first became available in the country in March 2021, said Esperanza Cabral, who served as health secretary under President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Cabral said she had been unaware of the U.S. military’s secret operation.

“I’m sure that there are lots of people who died from COVID who did not need to die from COVID,” she said.

To implement the anti-vax campaign, the Defense Department overrode strong objections from top U.S. diplomats in Southeast Asia at the time, Reuters found. Sources involved in its planning and execution say the Pentagon, which ran the program through the military’s psychological operations center in Tampa, Florida, disregarded the collateral impact that such propaganda may have on innocent Filipinos.

“We weren’t looking at this from a public health perspective,” said a senior military officer involved in the program. “We were looking at how we could drag China through the mud.”


As the COVID pandemic swept through the Philippines, a man lit a candle atop a tomb in a flooded cemetery there in October 2021. Many citizens were hesitant to be vaccinated. REUTERS/Lisa Marie David
A new disinformation war

In uncovering the secret U.S. military operation, Reuters interviewed more than two dozen current and former U.S officials, military contractors, social media analysts and academic researchers. Reporters also reviewed Facebook, X and Instagram posts, technical data and documents about a set of fake social media accounts used by the U.S. military. Some were active for more than five years.

Clandestine psychological operations are among the government’s most highly sensitive programs. Knowledge of their existence is limited to a small group of people within U.S. intelligence and military agencies. Such programs are treated with special caution because their exposure could damage foreign alliances or escalate conflict with rivals.

Over the last decade, some U.S. national security officials have pushed for a return to the kind of aggressive clandestine propaganda operations against rivals that the United States’ wielded during the Cold War. Following the 2016 U.S. presidential election, in which Russia used a combination of hacks and leaks to influence voters, the calls to fight back grew louder inside Washington.

In 2019, Trump authorized the Central Intelligence Agency to launch a clandestine campaign on Chinese social media aimed at turning public opinion in China against its government, Reuters reported in March. As part of that effort, a small group of operatives used bogus online identities to spread disparaging narratives about Xi Jinping’s government.

COVID-19 galvanized the drive to wage psychological operations against China. One former senior Pentagon leader described the pandemic as a “bolt of energy” that finally ignited the long delayed counteroffensive against China’s influence war.

The Pentagon’s anti-vax propaganda came in response to China’s own efforts to spread false information about the origins of COVID. The virus first emerged in China in late 2019. But in March 2020, Chinese government officials claimed without evidence that the virus may have been first brought to China by an American service member who participated in an international military sports competition in Wuhan the previous year. Chinese officials also suggested that the virus may have originated in a U.S. Army research facility at Fort Detrick, Maryland. There’s no evidence for that assertion.

Mirroring Beijing’s public statements, Chinese intelligence operatives set up networks of fake social media accounts to promote the Fort Detrick conspiracy, according to a U.S. Justice Department complaint.

China’s messaging got Washington’s attention. Trump subsequently coined the term “China virus” as a response to Beijing’s accusation that the U.S. military exported COVID to Wuhan.

“That was false. And rather than having an argument, I said, ‘I have to call it where it came from,’” Trump said in a March 2020 news conference. “It did come from China.”


President Donald Trump explained his repeated use of the terms “Chinese virus” and “China virus” during a White House COVID briefing in March 2020. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst 
China’s Foreign Ministry said in an email that it opposed “actions to politicize the origins question and stigmatize China.” The ministry had no comment about the Justice Department’s complaint.

Beijing didn’t limit its global influence efforts to propaganda. It announced an ambitious COVID assistance program, which included sending masks, ventilators and its own vaccines – still being tested at the time – to struggling countries. In May 2020, Xi announced that the vaccine China was developing would be made available as a “global public good,” and would ensure “vaccine accessibility and affordability in developing countries.” Sinovac was the primary vaccine available in the Philippines for about a year until U.S.-made vaccines became more widely available there in early 2022.

Washington’s plan, called Operation Warp Speed, was different. It favored inoculating Americans first, and it placed no restrictions on what pharmaceutical companies could charge developing countries for the remaining vaccines not used by the United States. The deal allowed the companies to “play hardball” with developing countries, forcing them to accept high prices, said Lawrence Gostin, a professor of medicine at Georgetown University who has worked with the World Health Organization.

The deal “sucked most of the supply out of the global market,” Gostin said. “The United States took a very determined America First approach.”

To Washington’s alarm, China’s offers of assistance were tilting the geopolitical playing field across the developing world, including in the Philippines, where the government faced upwards of 100,000 infections in the early months of the pandemic.

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The U.S. relationship with Manila had grown tense after the 2016 election of the bombastic Duterte. A staunch critic of the United States, he had threatened to cancel a key pact that allows the U.S. military to maintain legal jurisdiction over American troops stationed in the country.

Duterte said in a July 2020 speech he had made “a plea” to Xi that the Philippines be at the front of the line as China rolled out vaccines. He vowed in the same speech that the Philippines would no longer challenge Beijing’s aggressive expansion in the South China Sea, upending a key security understanding Manila had long held with Washington.

“China is claiming it. We are claiming it. China has the arms, we do not have it.” Duterte said. “So, it is simple as that.”

Days later, China’s foreign minister announced Beijing would grant Duterte’s plea for priority access to the vaccine, as part of a “new highlight in bilateral relations.”

China’s growing influence fueled efforts by U.S. military leaders to launch the secret propaganda operation Reuters uncovered.

“We didn’t do a good job sharing vaccines with partners,” a senior U.S. military officer directly involved in the campaign in Southeast Asia told Reuters. “So what was left to us was to throw shade on China’s.”


As part of its secret anti-vax propaganda campaign, the U.S. military used phony accounts meant to resemble real people.
TRANSLATION FROM TAGALOG

Vaccine from China might be a rat killer. #ChinaIsTheVirus

Military trumped diplomats

U.S. military leaders feared that China’s COVID diplomacy and propaganda could draw other Southeast Asian countries, such as Cambodia and Malaysia, closer to Beijing, furthering its regional ambitions.

A senior U.S. military commander responsible for Southeast Asia, Special Operations Command Pacific General Jonathan Braga, pressed his bosses in Washington to fight back in the so-called information space, according to three former Pentagon officials.


A senior U.S. military commander responsible for Southeast Asia in 2020, then-Special Operations Command Pacific General Jonathan Braga, pushed for the Pentagon’s secret propaganda campaign. (U.S. Army photo by Brooke Nevins.) Handout via Reuters
The commander initially wanted to punch back at Beijing in Southeast Asia. The goal: to ensure the region understood the origin of COVID while promoting skepticism toward what were then still-untested vaccines offered by a country that they said had lied continually since the start of the pandemic.

A spokesperson for Special Operations Command declined to comment.

At least six senior State Department officials responsible for the region objected to this approach. A health crisis was the wrong time to instill fear or anger through a psychological operation, or psyop, they argued during Zoom calls with the Pentagon.

“We’re stooping lower than the Chinese and we should not be doing that,” said a former senior State Department official for the region who fought against the military operation.

While the Pentagon saw Washington’s rapidly diminishing influence in the Philippines as a call to action, the withering partnership led American diplomats to plead for caution.


The secret U.S. military campaign extended beyond the Philippines and sought to heighten fears about vaccines made by Russia and China.
TRANSLATION FROM ARABIC

This is what the #United_States is offering to help countries, including Arab countries, obtain #Coronavirus (#Covid_19) vaccines and mitigate the secondary effects of the pandemic. Compare this with #Russia and #China using the pandemic excuse to expand their influence and profit even though the Russian vaccine is ineffective and the Chinese vaccine contains pork gelatin

“The relationship is hanging from a thread,” another former senior U.S. diplomat recounted. “Is this the moment you want to do a psyop in the Philippines? Is it worth the risk?”

In the past, such opposition from the State Department might have proved fatal to the program. Previously in peacetime, the Pentagon needed approval of embassy officials before conducting psychological operations in a country, often hamstringing commanders seeking to quickly respond to Beijing’s messaging, three former Pentagon officials told Reuters.

But in 2019, before COVID surfaced in full force, then-Secretary of Defense Mark Esper signed a secret order that later paved the way for the launch of the U.S. military propaganda campaign. The order elevated the Pentagon’s competition with China and Russia to the priority of active combat, enabling commanders to sidestep the State Department when conducting psyops against those adversaries. The Pentagon spending bill passed by Congress that year also explicitly authorized the military to conduct clandestine influence operations against other countries, even “outside of areas of active hostilities.”


U.S. Secretary of Defense Mark Esper shakes hands with his Philippine counterpart Delfin Lorenzana during a news conference in the Philippines in November 2019. That same year, Esper signed a secret order that later paved the way for the launch of the U.S. military’s clandestine anti-vax propaganda campaign. REUTERS/Eloisa Lopez 
Esper, through a spokesperson, declined to comment. A State Department spokesperson referred questions to the Pentagon.

U.S. propaganda machine

In spring 2020, special-ops commander Braga turned to a cadre of psychological-warfare soldiers and contractors in Tampa to counter Beijing’s COVID efforts. Colleagues say Braga was a longtime advocate of increasing the use of propaganda operations in global competition. In trailers and squat buildings at a facility on Tampa’s MacDill Air Force Base, U.S. military personnel and contractors would use anonymous accounts on X, Facebook and other social media to spread what became an anti-vax message. The facility remains the Pentagon’s clandestine propaganda factory.

Psychological warfare has played a role in U.S. military operations for more than a hundred years, although it has changed in style and substance over time. So-called psyopers were best known following World War II for their supporting role in combat missions across Vietnam, Korea and Kuwait, often dropping leaflets to confuse the enemy or encourage their surrender.

After the al Qaeda attacks of 2001, the United States was fighting a borderless, shadowy enemy, and the Pentagon began to wage a more ambitious kind of psychological combat previously associated only with the CIA. The Pentagon set up front news outlets, paid off prominent local figures, and sometimes funded television soap operas in order to turn local populations against militant groups or Iranian-backed militias, former national security officials told Reuters.

Unlike earlier psyop missions, which sought specific tactical advantage on the battlefield, the post-9/11 operations hoped to create broader change in public opinion across entire regions.


In this post, created by the U.S. military, a Chinese flag conceals pigs from a group of Muslims who are about to be vaccinated. The propaganda sought to convince Muslims in Russian-speaking countries that China’s COVID vaccines were “haram,” or forbidden.
TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN

Can China be trusted if it tries to hide that its vaccine contains pork gelatin, and distributes it in Central Asia and other Muslim countries, where many people consider such a drug “haram”?

By 2010, the military began using social media tools, leveraging phony accounts to spread messages of sympathetic local voices – themselves often secretly paid by the United States government. As time passed, a growing web of military and intelligence contractors built online news websites to pump U.S.-approved narratives into foreign countries. Today, the military employs a sprawling ecosystem of social media influencers, front groups and covertly placed digital advertisements to influence overseas audiences, according to current and former military officials.

China’s efforts to gain geopolitical clout from the pandemic gave Braga justification to launch the propaganda campaign that Reuters uncovered, sources said.


Workers unload boxes with medical and protective gear in 2020 sent from China to help the fight against COVID-19 in Kazakhstan, one of the nations targeted by a secret U.S. military propaganda operation designed to discredit China. REUTERS/Pavel Mikheyev 
Pork in the vaccine?

By summer 2020, the military’s propaganda campaign moved into new territory and darker messaging, ultimately drawing the attention of social media executives.

In regions beyond Southeast Asia, senior officers in the U.S. Central Command, which oversees military operations across the Middle East and Central Asia, launched their own version of the COVID psyop, three former military officials told Reuters.

Although the Chinese vaccines were still months from release, controversy roiled the Muslim world over whether the vaccines contained pork gelatin and could be considered “haram,” or forbidden under Islamic law. Sinovac has said that the vaccine was “ manufactured free of porcine materials.” Many Islamic religious authorities maintained that even if the vaccines did contain pork gelatin, they were still permissible since the treatments were being used to save human life.

The Pentagon campaign sought to intensify fears about injecting a pig derivative. As part of an internal investigation at X, the social media company used IP addresses and browser data to identify more than 150 phony accounts that were operated from Tampa by U.S. Central Command and its contractors, according to an internal X document reviewed by Reuters.


The secret U.S. military propaganda campaign intensified fears among Muslims that the China-made vaccine was “haram,” or forbidden. Public health experts say the messaging put lives at risk for geopolitical gain.
TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN

Muslim scientists from the Raza Academy in Mumbai reported that the Chinese coronavirus vaccine contains gelatin from pork and recommended against vaccination with the haram vaccine. China hides what exactly this drug is made of, which causes mistrust among Muslims.

“Can you trust China, which tries to hide that its vaccine contains pork gelatin and distributes it in Central Asia and other Muslim countries where many people consider such a drug haram?” read an April 2021 tweet sent from a military-controlled account identified by X.

The Pentagon also covertly spread its messages on Facebook and Instagram, alarming executives at parent company Meta who had long been tracking the military accounts, according to former military officials.

One military-created meme targeting Central Asia showed a pig made out of syringes, according to two people who viewed the image. Reuters found similar posts that traced back to U.S. Central Command. One shows a Chinese flag as a curtain separating Muslim women in hijabs and pigs stuck with vaccine syringes. In the center is a man with syringes; on his back is the word “China.” It targeted Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, a country that distributed tens of millions of doses of China’s vaccines and participated in human trials. Translated into English, the X post reads: “China distributes a vaccine made of pork gelatin.”


The U.S. military’s secret propaganda sought to sow doubt about China’s efforts to help fight COVID in the Philippines, one of the hardest hit countries in Southeast Asia.
TRANSLATION FROM TAGALOG

WE SHOULD NOT TRUST THOSE MED SUPPLIES BY CHINA REALLY. Everything is fake! Face mask, PPE, and test kits. There is a possibility that their vaccine is fake…

COVID came from China. What if their vaccines are dangerous??

It’s normal for Filipinos not to trust China, given the number of problems they gave us??

Facebook executives had first approached the Pentagon in the summer of 2020, warning the military that Facebook workers had easily identified the military’s phony accounts, according to three former U.S. officials and another person familiar with the matter. The government, Facebook argued, was violating Facebook’s policies by operating the bogus accounts and by spreading COVID misinformation.

The military argued that many of its fake accounts were being used for counterterrorism and asked Facebook not to take down the content, according to two people familiar with the exchange. The Pentagon pledged to stop spreading COVID-related propaganda, and some of the accounts continued to remain active on Facebook.

Nonetheless, the anti-vax campaign continued into 2021 as Biden took office.


Central Asian countries such as Turkmenistan represented an influence battleground between the United States and China, which arrived earlier than America did with vaccines for the pandemic-plagued country.
TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN

Turkmenistan residents report that the Chinese vaccine causes severe side effects. Those vaccinated with the Chinese drug experience severe nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Some called ambulance services and ended up in intensive care.

Angered that military officials had ignored their warning, Facebook officials arranged a Zoom meeting with Biden’s new National Security Council shortly after the inauguration, Reuters learned. The discussion quickly became tense.

“It was terrible,” said a senior administration official describing the reaction after learning of the campaign’s pig-related posts. “I was shocked. The administration was pro-vaccine and our concern was this could affect vaccine hesitancy, especially in developing countries.”

By spring 2021, the National Security Council ordered the military to stop all anti-vaccine messaging. “We were told we needed to be pro-vaccine, pro all vaccines,” said a former senior military officer who helped oversee the program. Even so, Reuters found some anti-vax posts that continued through April and other deceptive COVID-related messaging that extended into that summer. Reuters could not determine why the campaign didn’t end immediately with the NSC’s order. In response to questions from Reuters, the NSC declined to comment.

The senior Defense Department official said that those complaints led to an internal review in late 2021, which uncovered the anti-vaccine operation. The probe also turned up other social and political messaging that was “many, many leagues away” from any acceptable military objective. The official would not elaborate.

The review intensified the following year, the official said, after a group of academic researchers at Stanford University flagged some of the same accounts as pro-Western bots in a public report. The high-level Pentagon review was first reported by the Washington Post. which also reported that the military used fake social media accounts to counter China’s message that COVID came from the United States. But the Post report did not reveal that the program evolved into the anti-vax propaganda campaign uncovered by Reuters.

The senior defense official said the Pentagon has rescinded parts of Esper’s 2019 order that allowed military commanders to bypass the approval of U.S. ambassadors when waging psychological operations. The rules now mandate that military commanders work closely with U.S. diplomats in the country where they seek to have an impact. The policy also restricts psychological operations aimed at “broad population messaging,” such as those used to promote vaccine hesitancy during COVID.

The Pentagon’s audit concluded that the military’s primary contractor handling the campaign, General Dynamics IT, had employed sloppy tradecraft, taking inadequate steps to hide the origin of the fake accounts, said a person with direct knowledge of the review. The review also found that military leaders didn’t maintain enough control over its psyop contractors, the person said.

A spokesperson for General Dynamics IT declined to comment.

Nevertheless, the Pentagon’s clandestine propaganda efforts are set to continue. In an unclassified strategy document last year, top Pentagon generals wrote that the U.S. military could undermine adversaries such as China and Russia using “disinformation spread across social media, false narratives disguised as news, and similar subversive activities [to] weaken societal trust by undermining the foundations of government.”

And in February, the contractor that worked on the anti-vax campaign – General Dynamics IT – won a $493 million contract. Its mission: to continue providing clandestine influence ]]></description>
<dc:subject>us china astroturfing vaccines socialmedia</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:f0fcda8b22bf/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:china"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:astroturfing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:vaccines"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:socialmedia"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.javatpoint.com/">
    <title>Javatpoint: free learning platform for better future</title>
    <dc:date>2024-05-30T08:35:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.javatpoint.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[tech tutorials for thrusting Indians]]></description>
<dc:subject>software learning</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:403872a76b87/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:learning"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://we-are-collective.org/">
    <title>Collective</title>
    <dc:date>2024-05-21T13:39:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://we-are-collective.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[uk left alliance, backing Corbyn and Galloway ]]></description>
<dc:subject>politics uk</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:f3c9d5d21402/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:uk"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ft.com/content/6fb1602d-a08b-4a8c-bac0-047b7d64aba5">
    <title>‘Enshittification’ is coming for absolutely everything</title>
    <dc:date>2024-05-11T23:47:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ft.com/content/6fb1602d-a08b-4a8c-bac0-047b7d64aba5</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[the great enshittification]]></description>
<dc:subject>internet socialmedia</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:5b993e063800/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:internet"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:socialmedia"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://blog.ucsusa.org/edwin-lyman/five-things-the-nuclear-bros-dont-want-you-to-know-about-small-modular-reactors/">
    <title>Five Things the “Nuclear Bros” Don’t Want You to Know About Small Modular Reactors</title>
    <dc:date>2024-05-04T05:19:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://blog.ucsusa.org/edwin-lyman/five-things-the-nuclear-bros-dont-want-you-to-know-about-small-modular-reactors/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Small modular reactors are of course no panacea. Cost/kW similar to conventional designs: i.e. 3x greater than renewables ]]></description>
<dc:subject>nukes renewables energy</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:415259be97bb/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:nukes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:renewables"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:energy"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://multilingualpedagogy.lmc.gatech.edu/affective-filter/">
    <title>Affective Filter</title>
    <dc:date>2024-04-01T08:33:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://multilingualpedagogy.lmc.gatech.edu/affective-filter/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The affective filter is a concept put forward by Stephen Krashen describing the relationship between the processes of language acquisition and the emotional or psychological states of language learners (Krashen 423). Krashen argues that it is “more than coincidence” that anxiety-inducing classroom activities are often ineffective at promoting language acquisition, while activities putting students at ease are often more effective.]]></description>
<dc:subject>language education learning psychology</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:385381f3a9f1/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:education"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:learning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:psychology"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000019">
    <title>Traffic safety for all road users: A paired comparison study of small &amp; mid-sized U.S. cities with high/low bicycling rates</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-18T07:55:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950105924000019</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Highlights
•
Assess 7 mid-sized U.S. cities with high biking rates and 7 paired comparison cities.

•
Bicycling activity significantly associated with better safety for all road users.

•
Reduced exposure to driving has the strongest relationship with improved safety.

•
Safer mid-sized cities also tend to be more compact.

•
Areas with lower incomes and more non-White residents saw more fatalities.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling safety us urban</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:de06e36ca548/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:safety"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:us"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:urban"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.citizen.org/article/stuck-in-neutral/">
    <title>Stuck in Neutral: Big Automakers Lobby Against Cleaner Vehicles, Make Record Profits from Dirty Cars</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-15T02:23:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.citizen.org/article/stuck-in-neutral/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Ten major auto companies and trade groups spent more than $183 million on lobbying in Washington D.C., since 2019, an indication of their influence on Capitol Hill. The largest by far was General Motors, with $48.6 million in lobbying, followed by Toyota at $31 million and Ford at nearly $21 million over that time frame.
The Alliance for Automotive Innovation, the industry association that represents major automakers, was the fourth-highest spender on vehicle-related lobbying from 2019-2023.]]></description>
<dc:subject>driving us politics agnotology</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:042b8c01434a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:driving"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:us"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:agnotology"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-facebook-hinders-misinformation-research/">
    <title>How Facebook Hinders Misinformation Research</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-14T19:18:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-facebook-hinders-misinformation-research/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Facebook bans researchers looking at political ads in a way Facebook doesn't like]]></description>
<dc:subject>facebook agnotology politics us</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:443752c84e10/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:facebook"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:agnotology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:us"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2024/mar/09/unexploded-bombs-call-for-action-after-11-deaths-in-uk-due-to-e-bike-fires">
    <title>‘Unexploded bombs’: call for action after 11 deaths in UK due to e-bike fires</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-10T00:27:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/news/2024/mar/09/unexploded-bombs-call-for-action-after-11-deaths-in-uk-due-to-e-bike-fires</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Faulty batteries create high temperature fireball in seconds; often when bike left on charge in hall, blocking only fire exit. 11 deaths this year in UK! Eek!]]></description>
<dc:subject>ebikes safety</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:915af6699808/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:ebikes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:safety"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://autrementautrement.com/2024/01/29/carto-chemins/">
    <title>Le vélo, la campagne et le quotidien : trouple impossible ?</title>
    <dc:date>2024-02-09T14:47:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://autrementautrement.com/2024/01/29/carto-chemins/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Quality discussion of contemporary French aménagement rural ]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling france rural</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:63cfc1a9f0a2/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:france"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:rural"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.niemanlab.org/2024/01/did-the-battle-against-misinformation-go-too-far/">
    <title>Did the battle against “misinformation” go too far?</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-29T17:24:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.niemanlab.org/2024/01/did-the-battle-against-misinformation-go-too-far/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Long form article detailing suppression of non-mainstream views in pandemic.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medicine censorship socialmedia twitter facebook covid-19</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:c6f56d1a2a62/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:medicine"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:censorship"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:socialmedia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:twitter"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:facebook"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:covid-19"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://unherd.com/?p=492293">
    <title>The dogmatism of common sense</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-22T12:46:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://unherd.com/?p=492293</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The problem, however, is that common sense isn’t just opposed to silly ideas. A lot of it is hostile to ideas as such, which is one reason why there is so much of it around in the philistine British middle class. Unlike the high-rationalist French, idealist Germans and mystical Russians, British culture is suspicious of grand abstractions. In the United States, the word “dream” is central to public discourse and used for the most part positively; over here, dreamers are people who forget to turn the taps off and bring the ceiling down...

...The idea of common sense first emerged when people began to worry that we had too little in common to maintain political unity. It is, in other words, a concept typical of a fragmented modern age. The more liberal individualism flourishes, the more you must look to some deep communal framework which regulates our otherwise anarchic actions. The problem with appealing to common sense here is that you need something rather more substantial for unity than the universal belief that putting your finger in the fire isn’t the wisest thing to do.]]></description>
<dc:subject>theory philosophy literature english funny</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:76cfa0e47e8d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:theory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:philosophy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:literature"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:english"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:funny"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/auk-2023-2018/html">
    <title>Thinking with Simone de Beauvoir Today</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-04T00:09:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/auk-2023-2018/html</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Long article placing De Beauvoir in contemporary philosophy ]]></description>
<dc:subject>philosophy français</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:cea3d53ff5d7/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:philosophy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:français"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://pro.univ-lille.fr/frederic-heran">
    <title>Frédéric Héran</title>
    <dc:date>2023-12-28T19:04:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://pro.univ-lille.fr/frederic-heran</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[His home page at Lille uni]]></description>
<dc:subject>urban folder</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:c7838a07aa64/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:folder"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://thewalrus.ca/how-do-you-even-sell-a-book-anymore/">
    <title>How Do You Even Sell a Book Anymore?</title>
    <dc:date>2023-12-22T15:27:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thewalrus.ca/how-do-you-even-sell-a-book-anymore/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[of the new books published in the preceding calendar year, about 15 percent sold under twelve copies; 51.4 percent of books, meanwhile, sold between a dozen and 999 units]]></description>
<dc:subject>books publishing</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:54f647ef6169/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:books"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:publishing"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://ipwatchdog.com/2018/03/21/how-google-and-big-tech-killed-the-u-s-patent-system/id=95080/">
    <title>How Google and Big Tech Killed the U.S. Patent System</title>
    <dc:date>2023-12-20T12:21:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://ipwatchdog.com/2018/03/21/how-google-and-big-tech-killed-the-u-s-patent-system/id=95080/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[What did Google get for its money? A new, weaker patent system that allows challenges to patents outside of court, without a jury, without any presumption of validity and using a low standard of proof. In essence, Google and its Elite friends killed any presumption of validity, the presumption that makes patents valuable by protecting the expectations of patent owners that their rights would be enforceable in neutral, impartial courts against infringers. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>patents google us</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:73b35f658b02/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:patents"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:google"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:us"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/nov/22/my-young-cancer-patient-refused-all-treatment-after-her-death-i-found-out-why">
    <title>My young cancer patient refused all treatment. After her death I found out why Ranjana Srivastava Ranjana Srivastava The premature loss of a cancer patient is something that is anathema to an oncologist. Could I have done more to change her mind?</title>
    <dc:date>2023-11-21T21:29:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/nov/22/my-young-cancer-patient-refused-all-treatment-after-her-death-i-found-out-why</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[this patient is in her 40s with a curable illness, so the usual rules don’t apply.

Today, she has arrived hours early so she can “dispense” with me before collecting her children from school. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>medicine</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:355ff1470a70/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:medicine"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/nov/05/monsters-of-the-road-what-should-the-uk-do-about-suvs">
    <title>Monsters of the road: what should the UK do about SUVs?</title>
    <dc:date>2023-11-05T09:06:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/nov/05/monsters-of-the-road-what-should-the-uk-do-about-suvs</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Guardian journo follows tyre extinguisher, muses on the SUV phenomenon. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>driving</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:44d0d97a8d04/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:driving"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.liberation.fr/societe/2014/08/29/l-appel-au-boycott-est-il-illegal_1089367/">
    <title>Chronique «Qui a le droit ?» L'appel au boycott est-il illégal ?</title>
    <dc:date>2023-10-29T12:10:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.liberation.fr/societe/2014/08/29/l-appel-au-boycott-est-il-illegal_1089367/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[only in France and Israel is it illegal to boycott Israeli goods]]></description>
<dc:subject>france law Israel</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:3740df94754b/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:france"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:law"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:Israel"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/food/2022/nov/08/plant-based-chefs-share-eggcellent-vegan-alternatives-amid-avian-flu">
    <title>Egg swaps: a guide to plant-based alternatives amid UK avian flu crisis</title>
    <dc:date>2023-10-21T21:58:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/food/2022/nov/08/plant-based-chefs-share-eggcellent-vegan-alternatives-amid-avian-flu</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Review of vegan egg substitutes. Flax seeds look interesting ]]></description>
<dc:subject>food cooking</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:97dd6f0dbaf6/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:food"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cooking"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.euractiv.com/section/platforms/news/musks-twitter-on-collision-course-with-europe-with-exit-possible/">
    <title>Musk’s Twitter on collision course with Europe, with exit possible</title>
    <dc:date>2023-10-19T07:54:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.euractiv.com/section/platforms/news/musks-twitter-on-collision-course-with-europe-with-exit-possible/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Complying with the DSA is a way of reassuring advertisers that you are able to take down illegal content and deal with harmful content,” Nick Botton, a senior policy associate at AWO, told EURACTIV.

And reassuring advertisers is something Twitter could very much benefit from since advertising spending reportedly dropped by 70% last December.]]></description>
<dc:subject>twitter</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:eed65abc2d91/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:twitter"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2016/11/3/pay-your-fair-share">
    <title>Pay Your Fair Share</title>
    <dc:date>2023-09-12T15:49:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2016/11/3/pay-your-fair-share</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[sincere sums about the cost of roads]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling transport economics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:1c718bcd82ce/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:transport"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:economics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://plus2vers.com/fr/">
    <title>Rezé compostage</title>
    <dc:date>2023-08-21T09:25:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://plus2vers.com/fr/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[lombricompostage
]]></description>
<dc:subject>jardinage compost</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:72dfcae20fc5/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:jardinage"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:compost"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.standard.co.uk/esmagazine/cyclist-skip-through-red-lights-b1100882.html">
    <title>SOAPBOX: WHY I SKIP RED LIGHTS</title>
    <dc:date>2023-08-18T09:17:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.standard.co.uk/esmagazine/cyclist-skip-through-red-lights-b1100882.html</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Idaho stop plead]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling London safety law</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:24708a874c2c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:London"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:safety"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:law"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://bikeportland.org/2015/11/03/book-review-our-bodies-our-bikes-167309">
    <title>Book Review: Our Bodies, Our Bikes</title>
    <dc:date>2023-08-18T08:57:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://bikeportland.org/2015/11/03/book-review-our-bodies-our-bikes-167309</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[While Our Bodies, Our Bikes does have tips for all genders, it’s also incredibly practical in helping demystify those “unmentionable” topics specific to women. You’ll find essays on how to deal with cycling and menopause, the best menstrual products to keep you riding during that time of the month, why your saddle is a pain in the vulva (and what to do about it), and how cycling has helped women make painful, personal decisions about their reproductive health.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling health</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:499d518b90bf/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:health"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://bikeportland.org/2023/08/17/book-review-a-roadmap-to-silicon-valleys-money-hungry-mobility-motives-378409">
    <title>Book Review: A roadmap to Silicon Valley’s money-hungry mobility motives</title>
    <dc:date>2023-08-18T06:06:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://bikeportland.org/2023/08/17/book-review-a-roadmap-to-silicon-valleys-money-hungry-mobility-motives-378409</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[That is what makes a book like Paris Marx’s Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong about the Future of Transportation so useful. Surely I read about all this as it was happening, but the author’s clarity and framing brings today’s battle over who is allowed to benefit from a city into focus.]]></description>
<dc:subject>transport economics technology</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:20cc5b6ceaee/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:transport"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:technology"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.indelicates.com/worthless/">
    <title>Why Your Music Is Worthless (And How To Sell It Anyway)</title>
    <dc:date>2023-08-18T05:47:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.indelicates.com/worthless/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[jolly exposé of post-internet music business ]]></description>
<dc:subject>music law economics crowdfunding business</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:742d9993397a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:music"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:law"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:crowdfunding"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:business"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.zachpoff.com/resources/building-contact-mics/">
    <title>[untitled]</title>
    <dc:date>2023-08-12T16:05:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.zachpoff.com/resources/building-contact-mics/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Steve Abraham's account of riding 402 miles in 24 hours]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling writing</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:d95761201e6a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:writing"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/@CollapseSurvival/the-profound-loneliness-of-being-collapse-aware-28ac7a705b9">
    <title>The profound loneliness of being collapse aware</title>
    <dc:date>2023-07-31T10:39:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/@CollapseSurvival/the-profound-loneliness-of-being-collapse-aware-28ac7a705b9</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[I feel like I’m running around the deck of the Titanic, telling everyone, “Look! The ship is sinking!” and people are saying things like, “No it isn’t” or “We can still fix it” or “It’s not that bad.”

Maybe I’d be better off joining the orchestra, making music, and enjoying myself as the ship sinks.]]></description>
<dc:subject>politics environment climate psychology</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:44b70140fddf/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:environment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:climate"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:psychology"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://bsidneysmith.com/writings/essay/socialism-and-the-green-party">
    <title>Socialism and the Green Party</title>
    <dc:date>2023-07-31T10:30:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://bsidneysmith.com/writings/essay/socialism-and-the-green-party</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The first element of Green economics must be the correct measures of economic value and activity, and the fundamental measure is now clearly understood to be energy. Whether through machines, or people, or animals, or simply natural processes, the quantity of energy transferred is the measure of the work performed. This understanding requires no abstract defense; it is just physics. The work performed, in turn, is the measure of the transformation of matter, whether into food, or goods, or housing, or some service. Our impact on both the human and the natural environment is then measured in its turn by the extent to which matter is altered, and eventually dissipated.]]></description>
<dc:subject>politics energy work economics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:a0971fdb1ca3/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:energy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:work"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:economics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.cyclinguk.org/article/10-things-i-wish-id-known-about-climbing-hills">
    <title>10 things I wish I’d known about: climbing hills</title>
    <dc:date>2023-07-24T22:52:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.cyclinguk.org/article/10-things-i-wish-id-known-about-climbing-hills</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[about riding uphill. doesn't address overgearing or cadence tho]]></description>
<dc:subject>cycling</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:7de32469104a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:cycling"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-polemique-autour-du-casier-judiciaire-de-ladolescent-tue-par-la-police-20230628_YB7EPVLKEBBA3E4I36LGWJYF6Y/">
    <title>Mort de Nahel à Nanterre : polémique autour du casier judiciaire de l’adolescent tué par la police</title>
    <dc:date>2023-06-29T04:07:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-polemique-autour-du-casier-judiciaire-de-ladolescent-tue-par-la-police-20230628_YB7EPVLKEBBA3E4I36LGWJYF6Y/</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Sur CNews, la journaliste proche de l’extrême droite Charlotte d’Ornellas a affirmé que la victime avait «un casier déjà long comme le bras» et qu’il était «très connu des services de police». Sur les réseaux sociaux, plusieurs comptes faisaient aussi mention d’un «casier bien rempli», citant les éléments suivants : «Refus d’obtempérer, multirécidiviste bien connu de la police, conduite sans permis à 17 ans, trafiquant de drogue, détention de plusieurs armes à feu, braquages»

-->en fait, non. 2x refus d'obtempérer, jamais condamné par un juge des enfants ]]></description>
<dc:subject>police france driving</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:811f26eb4c84/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:police"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:france"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:driving"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/sheldon-macleod-ndas-and-a-culture-of-silence-100841347/#cantbuymysilence">
    <title>SHELDON MacLEOD: NDAs and a culture of silence</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-12T16:50:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/sheldon-macleod-ndas-and-a-culture-of-silence-100841347/#cantbuymysilence</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Major agnotological category expounded ]]></description>
<dc:subject>agnotology law</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:0f36ec1eab2f/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:agnotology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:law"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1644307308921475073">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1644307308921475073</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-07T18:55:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1644307308921475073</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[File under #philosophy, #agnotology #socialmedia ]]></description>
<dc:subject>agnotology philosophy socialmedia</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:aaef342acda6/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:agnotology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:philosophy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:socialmedia"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/CHAIRRDRF/status/1643990581302153217/photo/1">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/CHAIRRDRF/status/1643990581302153217/photo/1</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-07T12:33:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/CHAIRRDRF/status/1643990581302153217/photo/1</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @CHAIRRDRF: So, for the cycle sport fan wanting their heroes to NOT be sponsored by:
* A country about to host the next COP which is planning to INCREASE extraction of fossil fuels for burning....
1./ ]]></description>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:f46fa3578750/</dc:identifier>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/streetwurrier/status/1644240393444179968">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/streetwurrier/status/1644240393444179968</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-07T08:40:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/streetwurrier/status/1644240393444179968</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @SW20Ed: Winchburgh. Prestonpans. West Town. 

#Edinburgh will need all the tools in its armoury if it doesn’t want to be swamped🚗🚗💨💨 

New trams, congestion charge, a proper circulation plan, bigger LEZ, workplace parking levy, LTNs, #pavementparking bans, controlled parking zones  ]]></description>
<dc:subject>Edinburgh pavementparking</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:f67a79bfcd59/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:Edinburgh"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:pavementparking"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/SW20Ed/status/1644258166908018690/photo/1">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/SW20Ed/status/1644258166908018690/photo/1</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-07T08:40:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/SW20Ed/status/1644258166908018690/photo/1</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @SW20Ed: Winchburgh. Prestonpans. West Town. 

#Edinburgh will need all the tools in its armoury if it doesn’t want to be swamped🚗🚗💨💨 

New trams, congestion charge, a proper circulation plan, bigger LEZ, workplace parking levy, LTNs, #pavementparking bans, controlled parking zones  ]]></description>
<dc:subject>Edinburgh pavementparking</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:c2ae1c5e79d4/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:pavementparking"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/CHAIRRDRF/status/1643990581302153217?t=YHDDFvmyhNgtJBJrjuKMhg&amp;s=19">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/CHAIRRDRF/status/1643990581302153217?t=YHDDFvmyhNgtJBJrjuKMhg&amp;s=19</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-07T05:32:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/CHAIRRDRF/status/1643990581302153217?t=YHDDFvmyhNgtJBJrjuKMhg&amp;s=19</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[@YokohamaRides @glenndenton Because they do what the boss tells them to?
]]></description>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:2cf7aacd9783/</dc:identifier>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1053259887105445888?s=09">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1053259887105445888?s=09</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-06T18:23:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1053259887105445888?s=09</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[@readweald @RealMediaGB @InsulateLove Motivation is so obviously pertinent to consideration of guilt. For a judge to suppress its exposition is obviously an injustice in itself.
We do not forget Judge Altham ]]></description>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:7a58c5764a7d/</dc:identifier>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://basta.media/une-agricultrice-contrainte-d-arreter-sa-production-bio-a-cause-de-pesticides-epandus-il-y-a-30-ans-pollution">
    <title>Une agricultrice contrainte d’arrêter sa production bio à cause de pesticides épandus il y a 30 ans - Basta!</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-06T16:59:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://basta.media/une-agricultrice-contrainte-d-arreter-sa-production-bio-a-cause-de-pesticides-epandus-il-y-a-30-ans-pollution</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @Sophie_Chapelle: 🔴Une agricultrice contrainte d’arrêter sa production bio à cause de pesticides épandus il y a 30 ans 

Voici l'histoire de Delphine. Sans soutien de l’État, elle a dû cesser son activité. Nouvelle illustration des dégâts de l'agriculture productiviste. ]]></description>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:87b29f4dc137/</dc:identifier>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/juanbuis/status/1643663129690112007">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/juanbuis/status/1643663129690112007</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-06T14:01:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/juanbuis/status/1643663129690112007</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[#banishcars Netherlands edition ]]></description>
<dc:subject>banishcars</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:8fc5de1866f4/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/t:banishcars"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1643913545719881735/photo/1">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1643913545719881735/photo/1</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-06T13:48:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/JuliuzBeezer/status/1643913545719881735/photo/1</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[@readweald @RealMediaGB @InsulateLove It seems that her knowledge of the law exceeded the authorities' ]]></description>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:6ca22c16b230/</dc:identifier>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://asawinstanley.substack.com/p/praise-for-weaponising-anti-semitism">
    <title>Untitled (https://asawinstanley.substack.com/p/praise-for-weaponising-anti-semitism)</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-05T21:00:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://asawinstanley.substack.com/p/praise-for-weaponising-anti-semitism</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Asa Winstanley has done more than any other journalist to expose what really lay behind the anti-Semitism smear campaign... His new book sets out in stark and disturbing detail how this assault on democracy was engineered” — @Jonathan_K_Cook.

Pre-order:
 ]]></description>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:61ee342c0785/</dc:identifier>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/AsaWinstanley/status/1643614470072320000/photo/1">
    <title>(400) https://twitter.com/AsaWinstanley/status/1643614470072320000/photo/1</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-05T21:00:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/AsaWinstanley/status/1643614470072320000/photo/1</link>
    <dc:creator>juliusbeezer</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Asa Winstanley has done more than any other journalist to expose what really lay behind the anti-Semitism smear campaign... His new book sets out in stark and disturbing detail how this assault on democracy was engineered” — @Jonathan_K_Cook.

Pre-order:
 ]]></description>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:juliusbeezer/b:84afd09cce32/</dc:identifier>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>