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  </channel><item rdf:about="http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict">
    <title>The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary</title>
    <dc:date>2023-12-02T21:02:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary is an open-source machine-readable pronunciation dictionary for North American English that contains over 134,000 words and their pronunciations. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>english language linguistics corpus sound inls201</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:3056de04213e/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/2539248950/">
    <title>Android Linguistics: How Machines Do Things with Words - ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses Global - ProQuest</title>
    <dc:date>2021-07-31T17:12:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/2539248950/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The field of artificial intelligence (AI) was founded on the conviction that in order to make computers more advanced, it was necessary to build them to be more human. Adopting the human form as the blueprint for computer systems allowed AI researchers to imagine and construct computer systems capable of feats otherwise unimaginable for machines. As the institutions and professional boundaries of the field have evolved over the past 70 years, they have at times obscured the figure of the human at the heart of AI work. However, in moments of heightened optimism, when researchers permit themselves to speculate on the fantastic futures AI technologies will one day enable, it is inevitably to this figure that the field returns, forever striving to resolve that originary question of just what is the nature of this human intelligence the field has so long pursued?

In this dissertation, I trace the emergence of the figure of the human at the center of AI work. I argue that the human at the center of the imaginary of AI is rooted in a deeper impulse---that of envisioning not machines that think, but machines that speak. It is language that most fundamentally defines the original ambition of AI work and the inability to conceptualize language apart from the human that draws the field inevitably back to this figure. With language properly at the center of its project, AI becomes a study not of the physical world but of the narrative universe, not of the biological human being but of literary character, not of machinic intelligence but of machinic personhood.

Drawing on the history of AI's entanglements with language, I argue for a reconceptualization of the project of AI around a vision of language not as an encoding of solitary thought but as a collection of shifting social practices that allow human and non-human intelligences to navigate their shared worlds despite their irreducibly alien cognitive realities. Such a reorientation, I contend, makes room for a broader vision of AI work that joins critical and technical practices in the shared project of grappling with the question of what it means to be human.]]></description>
<dc:subject>android linguistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:19c82a258594/</dc:identifier>
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    <title>CLLD - Cross-Linguistic Linked Data</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-04T22:58:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://clld.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The Cross-Linguistic Linked Data project is developing and curating interoperable data publication structures using Linked Data principles as integration mechanism for distributed resources.

]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics database linkeddata</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:1e16878cd2c6/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://wals.info/">
    <title>World Atlas of Language Structures</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-04T22:52:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://wals.info/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) is a large database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials (such as reference grammars) by a team of 55 authors.]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics database language reference</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:a844c37ebd67/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:database"/>
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<item rdf:about="https://slate.com/technology/2019/09/white-wine-emoji-unicode.html">
    <title>The Philosophical Case Against the White-Wine Emoji</title>
    <dc:date>2019-10-02T19:35:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://slate.com/technology/2019/09/white-wine-emoji-unicode.html</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In July, the Unicode Technical Committee was a bit of a buzzkill: It announced that for now, it would not add a white-wine emoji to Unicode’s standard emoji mix. The meeting minutes noted that the UTC’s Emoji Subcommittee would “Continue to consider ‘white wine’ emoji for future addition.” If certain news outlets are to be believed, white-wine drinkers everywhere were devastated. In a piece titled, “The Petition for the White Wine Emoji Has Been Sadly Rejected,” People encouraged its readers to continue the fight and “keep hope alive that one day you’ll see a white-wine emoji at a keyboard near you!” Food & Wine magazine opined that the white wine emoji “has generated plenty of support and, frankly, seems inherently logical.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics semiotics inls201</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:cf87af36e2b6/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/new-work-on-speech-acts-9780198738831?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;#">
    <title>New Work on Speech Acts - Daniel Fogal; Daniel W. Harris; Matt Moss - Oxford University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2018-08-16T19:18:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://global.oup.com/academic/product/new-work-on-speech-acts-9780198738831?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;#</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[1. Speech Acts: The Contemporary Theoretical Landscape, Daniel W. Harris, Daniel Fogal, and Matt Moss
2. Insinuation, Common Ground, and the Conversational Record, Elisabeth Camp
3. Clause-Type, Force, and Normative Judgment in the Semantics of Imperatives, Nate Charlow
4. A Refinement and Defense of the Force/Content Distinction, Mitchell S. Green
5. Types of Speech Acts, Peter Hanks
6. Blocking as Counter-Speech, Rae Langton
7. Explicit Indirection, Ernie Lepore and Matthew Stone
8. On Covert Exercitives: Speech and the Social World, Mary Kate McGowan
9. Force and Conversational States, Sarah E. Murray and William B. Starr
10. The Social Life of Slurs, Geoff Nunberg
11. Commitment to Priorities, Paul Portner
12. Speech Acts in Discourse Context, Craige Roberts
13. Dogwhistles, Political Manipulation, and Philosophy of Language, Jennifer Saul
14. Dynamic Pragmatics, Static Semantics, Robert Stalnaker
15. Expressivism by Force, Seth Yalcin]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics books</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:0507a58feef1/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:books"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://nlp.stanford.edu/~manning/papers/CICLing2011-manning-tagging.pdf">
    <title>Part-of-Speech Tagging from 97% to 100%: Is It Time for Some Linguistics?</title>
    <dc:date>2014-03-29T11:27:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://nlp.stanford.edu/~manning/papers/CICLing2011-manning-tagging.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[I examine what would be necessary to move part-of-speech tagging performance from its current level of about 97.3% token accuracy (56% sentence accuracy) to close to 100% accuracy. I suggest that it must still be possible to greatly increase tagging performance and examine some useful improvements that have recently been made to the Stanford Part-of-Speech Tagger. However, an error analysis of some of the remaining errors suggests that there is limited further mileage to be had either from better machine learning or better features in a discriminative sequence classifier. The prospects for further gains from semi- supervised learning also seem quite limited. Rather, I suggest and begin to demonstrate that the largest opportunity for further progress comes from improving the taxonomic basis of the linguistic resources from which taggers are trained. That is, from improved descriptive linguistics. How- ever, I conclude by suggesting that there are also limits to this process. The status of some words may not be able to be adequately captured by assigning them to one of a small number of categories. While conventions can be used in such cases to improve tagging consistency, they lack a strong linguistic basis.]]></description>
<dc:subject>nlp linguistics modeling representation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:4467b9981603/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:modeling"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descriptions/">
    <title>Descriptions (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-07T12:50:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descriptions/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[One idea, keying off of proposals in Hawthorne and Manley (2012) would be that the predicational content of a description – the noun phrase minus the determiner ‘the’ (the N-bar in linguistic terminology)—is not part of the semantics proper, but is rather an expression of material that is presupposed. Such an account would invert the usual assumption according to which the predicational content of a description is thought to identify the individual in question. From the point of view of the semantics, the N-bar in a definite description would then not be used to identify some individual but would be material that is presupposed in the discourse. Perhaps the utterance could be a kind of checking mechanism, or an “error correction code” deployed to make sure that everyone is “on the same page.” The individual in question would not be identified via the semantic content, but would be picked out by a referential intention. In effect, the descriptive content would be removed from the semantic mix.

This proposal could generalized to apply to proper names. Following proposals by Burge (1973), Hornsby (1976), Larson and Segal (1995), Eluguardo (2002), and Elbourne (2005), proper names, like the N-bar content of a description, can be thought of as predicates. If one combines that idea with this proposal for descriptions one can argue that name-like predicates do not make it into the semantics proper, but express information that is presupposed in the discourse. To illustrate, consider again Kripke's example of the man raking leaves in the distance, an individual the speaker takes to be Jones, but who in fact is Johnson. On such view, when the speaker says something like ‘Jones is up early today’, she is expressing a singular proposition about the individual a that the discourse participants are looking at, but she is presupposing that a is Jones (has the property of being Jones). Very similar considerations would hold when the individual is not in the perceptual environment and not otherwise salient—in these case we deploy what Heim (1983, 1992) and Roberts (1987) have called presuppositional accommodation. (See von Fintel (2008) for discussion, and see Gauker (2008), for reservations about employing presuppositional accommodation).

In short, for both referential descriptions and proper names, the predicational content (the predicate/name or the N-bar content of the description) would not be material that is part of the semantics of the sentences, but rather material that is presupposed.]]></description>
<dc:subject>description logic linguistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:de39e01b15e9/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:logic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-94/ki03rao_schneider.pdf">
    <title>Foundational Ontologies and the Realist Bias</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-07T12:38:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-94/ki03rao_schneider.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Foundational ontologies are indispensable for fixing the meaning of high-level predicates that represent formal relations pervading reality as a whole. They are reference ontologies and hence embody a realist stance. Indeed, descriptive adequacy is a basic requirement for any ontology and presupposes realism about the external world. Epistemological realism, so I have argued, is a rational theory based on cogent a posteriori and a priori evidence. A causal story about truthmaking can be told that solidly grounds (Tarskian) semantics on a robust common-sense realism that gives some leeway to ontological pluralism.]]></description>
<dc:subject>philosophy semantics linguistics ontology truth epistemology</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:099229bcdf25/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:semantics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:ontology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:truth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:epistemology"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.09.003">
    <title>ScienceDirect.com - Journal of Pragmatics - The co-operative, transformative organization of human action and knowledge</title>
    <dc:date>2012-10-06T01:56:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.09.003</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Focusing on a range of features that are central to the constitution of action, this article is an empirically based theoretical contribution to the field of research attempting to understand how human sociality is established and sustained. Human action is intensely, perhaps uniquely, co-operative. Individual actions are constructed by assembling diverse materials, including language structure, prosody, and visible embodied displays. Semiotically charged objects, such as maps, when included within local action, incorporate ways of knowing and acting upon the world that have been inherited from predecessors. New action is built by performing systematic, selective operations on these public configurations of resources. The way in which a single action encompasses different kinds of resources makes possible 1) distinctive forms of co-operative social organization as alternatively positioned actors contribute different kinds of structure to a single shared action (e.g., the talk of a speaker and the silent visible displays of hearer work together to construct a turn-at-talk and the utterance emerging within it); and 2) the accumulation and differentiation through time within local co-operative transformation zones of dense substrates that create a multiplicity of settings for action. Each setting for action must be inhabited by competent members who have mastered the culturally specific practices required to perform the activities that animate the lifeworld of a particular community. Through the progressive development of, and apprenticeship within, diverse epistemic ecologies, communities invest their members with the resources required to understand each other in just the ways that make possible the accomplishment of ongoing, situated action. Human beings inhabit each other's actions.]]></description>
<dc:subject>pragmatics forms metadata description tools techniques linguistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:4e242b9a4d48/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:metadata"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:description"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACounterfactualCondition.htm">
    <title>What is a counterfactual conditional relation?</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-06T20:19:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsACounterfactualCondition.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[A counterfactual conditional relation is a conditional relation in which the form of expression of the antecedent and consequent marks them as imagined, nonfactual states or events.]]></description>
<dc:subject>counterfactuals linguistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:babb5f015781/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:counterfactuals"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.whatif-sowhat.nl/program.php">
    <title>What if? So What! 2007 Congress :: Program</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-06T20:15:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.whatif-sowhat.nl/program.php</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Counterfactual reasoning plays a pivotal role in our cognitive lives.
It has been studied intensively by logicians, philosophers, psychologists and linguists.
Unfortunately, however, scholars working in one of these domains have not always been sufficiently
informed about what was going on in the other domains and, as result,
there has been too little interdisciplinary work on the subject.
The purpose of this conference is to bring findings from logic, philosophy, psychology and linguistics
together and to explore their interdisciplinary ramifications.]]></description>
<dc:subject>counterfactuals reasoning cogsci linguistics philosophy</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:f95634008e2e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:counterfactuals"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:reasoning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:cogsci"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:philosophy"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2160165&amp;picked=prox">
    <title>Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (JOCCH)</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-01T12:46:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2160165&amp;picked=prox</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The articles in this issue make two complementary assertions: first, language and linguistic sources are a key element of human cultural heritage and, second, we need to integrate the ancient goals of philology with rapidly emerging methods from fields such as Corpus and Computational Linguistics. The first 15,000,000 volumes digitized by Google contained data from more than 400 languages covering more than four thousand years of the human record. We need to develop methods to explore linguistic changes and the ideas that languages encode as these evolve and circulate over millennia and on a global scale.]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics history textanalysis digitalhumanities nlp</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:a29798aa99e3/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:textanalysis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:digitalhumanities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/507_Paper.pdf">
    <title>Computational Linguistics for Mere Mortals</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-28T20:01:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/507_Paper.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Delivering linguistic resources and easy-to-use methods to a broad public in the humanities is a challenging task. On the one hand users rightly demand easy to use interfaces but on the other hand want to have access to the full flexibility and power of the functions being offered. Even though a growing number of excellent systems exist which offer convenient means to use linguistic resources and methods, they usually focus on a specific domain, as for example corpus exploration or text categorization. Architectures which address a broad scope of applications are still rare. This article introduces the eHumanities Desktop, an online system for corpus management, processing and analysis which aims at bridging the gap between powerful command line tools and intuitive user interfaces.]]></description>
<dc:subject>digitalhumanities corpus linguistics nlp architecture tools</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:dc855b433048/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:digitalhumanities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:corpus"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:architecture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:tools"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.royharrisonline.com/">
    <title>Roy Harris and Integrational Linguistics</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-25T19:52:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.royharrisonline.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Roy Harris is Emeritus Professor of General Linguistics in the University of Oxford and Honorary Fellow of St Edmund Hall. He has also held university teaching posts in Hong Kong, Boston and Paris and visiting fellowships at universities in South Africa and Australia, and at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study.

His books on integrationism, theory of communication, semiology and the history of linguistic thought include The Language Myth, Rethinking Writing, Saussure and his Interpreters,The Necessity of Artspeak, The Semantics of Science, Mindboggling, Rationality and the Literate Mind and After Epistemology.]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics semiotics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:87119a6614bc/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:semiotics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://marklindner.info/LISstuff/511BibEssay.htm">
    <title>The Epilogue that Started It All; or, Integrating LIS (Harris and Hjørland)</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-25T19:47:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://marklindner.info/LISstuff/511BibEssay.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This essay and bibliography will focus on the connections and possible overlap between, primarily, two prolific scholars, Roy Harris, emeritus professor of General Linguistics in the University of Oxford, founder of Integrationism, and Birger Hjørland, proponent of the socio-cognitive paradigm and domain analysis in Information Science (IS).]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics KO</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:b622c2d33b1c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:KO"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://topics.cs.princeton.edu/Science/">
    <title>Modeling the Evolution of Science</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-11T16:33:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://topics.cs.princeton.edu/Science/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This browseable 75-topic dynamic topic model of the Journal Science (1880-2002) is part of the on-line supplement to the submission "Modeling the Evolution of Science." This browser allows a user to visualize the dynamic topic model, and use the hidden topics that it has uncovered to guide an exploration of the original collection of documents.]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics topicmodels classification science libraries</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:0bdcff06089a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:topicmodels"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:classification"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:science"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:libraries"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62459/1/Ludlow2005_The_Myth_of_Human_Language.pdf">
    <title>Peter Ludlow, &quot;The Myth of Human Language&quot; (2005)</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-23T01:54:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62459/1/Ludlow2005_The_Myth_of_Human_Language.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[There is a core part of our linguistic competence that is fixed by biology (perhaps by low level biophysical principles), but this provides just a basic skeleton which is fleshed out in different ways on a conversation-by-conversation basis. To shift to a monetary metaphor, there are some common coins, but we also have the ability to mint new coins on the fly in collaboration with our discourse partners, to control which of those common coins are in circulation at any given time, and to coordinate and precisify the shared meanings of those common coins that are in use. As we will see, for most linguistic common coins the meaning is vastly underdetermined. I will suggest possible ways in which coins are minted and their values determined as discourse participants form dynamic communicative partnerships, resulting (if we really must deploy the term 'language') in what we might call micro-languages.]]></description>
<dc:subject>language linguistics meaning semantics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:671d6e0be8ea/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:meaning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:semantics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~blei/lda-c/">
    <title>Latent Dirichlet Allocation in C</title>
    <dc:date>2012-03-06T19:49:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~blei/lda-c/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This is a C implementation of variational EM for latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a topic model for text or other discrete data. LDA allows you to analyze of corpus, and extract the topics that combined to form its documents. For example, click here to see the topics estimated from a small corpus of Associated Press documents. LDA is fully described in Blei et al. (2003) .

This code contains:

an implementation of variational inference for the per-document topic proportions and per-word topic assignments
a variational EM procedure for estimating the topics and exchangeable Dirichlet hyperparameter]]></description>
<dc:subject>lda c linguistics machinelearning textanalysis textmining</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:2469cf74384a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:lda"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:c"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:machinelearning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:textanalysis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:textmining"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://registry.dfki.de/">
    <title>Natural Language Software Registry</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-27T14:26:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://registry.dfki.de/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The Natural Language Software Registry (NLSR) is a concise summary of the capabilities and sources of a large amount of natural language processing (NLP) software available to the NLP community. It comprises academic, commercial and proprietary software with specifications and terms on which it can be acquired clearly indicated.]]></description>
<dc:subject>nlp linguistics tools</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:fe733e8dbbac/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:tools"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/">
    <title>William Labov</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-06T16:13:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[He is noted for his seminal studies of the way ordinary people structure narrative stories of their own lives.]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics narrative discourse</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:38f44c92c9bf/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:narrative"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:discourse"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ngrams.info/">
    <title>N-grams: corpus based (COCA, COHA, Spanish, Portuguese)</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-03T19:01:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ngrams.info/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[These n-grams are based on the largest publicly-available, genre-balanced corpus of English -- the 425 million word Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). With this n-grams data (2, 3, 4, 5-word sequences, with their frequency), you can carry out powerful queries offline -- without needing to access the corpus via the web interface.]]></description>
<dc:subject>english corpus linguistics nlp ngrams</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:a8270cef07ca/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:english"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:corpus"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:ngrams"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://braque.cc/ShowItem?handle=GYCKI1GG&amp;channelHandle=CLNHTKC1">
    <title>Aravind K. Joshi - Towards Discourse Meaning</title>
    <dc:date>2011-11-26T22:52:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://braque.cc/ShowItem?handle=GYCKI1GG&amp;channelHandle=CLNHTKC1</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The overall goal is to discuss some issues concerning the dependencies at the discourse level and at the sentence level. However, first I will briefly describe the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB)*, a corpus in which we annotate the discourse connectives (explicit and implicit) and their arguments together with "attributions" of the arguments and the relations denoted by the connectives, and also the senses of the connectives. I will then focus on the complexity of dependencies in terms of (a) the elements that bear the dependency relations, (b) graph theoretic properties of these dependencies such as nested and crossed dependencies, dependencies with shared arguments, and (c) attributions and their relationship to the dependencies, among others. I will compare these dependencies with those at the sentence level and discuss some issues that relate to the transition from the sentence level to the level of "immediate discourse" and propose some conjectures.]]></description>
<dc:subject>discourse meaning linguistics nlp</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:bc3c085155f7/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:discourse"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:meaning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/model-theory/">
    <title>Model Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)</title>
    <dc:date>2011-11-21T22:55:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/model-theory/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Model theory began with the study of formal languages and their interpretations, and of the kinds of classification that a particular formal language can make. Mainstream model theory is now a sophisticated branch of mathematics (see the entry on first-order model theory). But in a broader sense, model theory is the study of the interpretation of any language, formal or natural, by means of set-theoretic structures, with Alfred Tarski's truth definition as a paradigm. In this broader sense, model theory meets philosophy at several points, for example in the theory of logical consequence and in the semantics of natural languages.]]></description>
<dc:subject>logic representation language interpretation modeling models linguistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:474ab153c3cc/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:logic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:representation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:interpretation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:modeling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.tcd.ie/Psychology/other/Ruth_Byrne/mental_models/">
    <title>Mental Models Website</title>
    <dc:date>2011-11-21T22:53:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.tcd.ie/Psychology/other/Ruth_Byrne/mental_models/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The mental model theory of thinking and reasoning is the focus of this Web site. Mental models are representations in the mind of real or imaginary situations.  Scientists sometimes use the term "mental model" as a synonym for "mental representation", but it has a narrower referent in the case of the theory of thinking and reasoning.  The idea that people rely on mental models can be traced back to Kenneth Craik’s suggestion in 1943 that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events. Mental models can be constructed from perception, imagination, or the comprehension of discourse. They underlie visual images, but they can also be abstract, representing situations that cannot be visualised. Each mental model represents a possibility. Mental models are akin to architects' models or to physicists' diagrams in that their structure is analogous to the structure of the situation that they represent, unlike, say, the structure of logical forms used in formal rule theories. In this respect they are a little like pictures in the "picture" theory of language described by Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1922.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cogsci psychology linguistics representation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:ad99e127976d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:cogsci"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:psychology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:representation"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/projects/verbnet.html">
    <title>Martha Palmer | Projects | Verb Net</title>
    <dc:date>2011-08-25T15:42:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://verbs.colorado.edu/~mpalmer/projects/verbnet.html</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[VerbNet (VN) (Kipper-Schuler 2006) is the largest on-line verb lexicon currently available for English. It is a hierarchical domain-independent, broad-coverage verb lexicon with mappings to other lexical resources such as WordNet (Miller, 1990; Fellbaum, 1998), Xtag (XTAG Research Group, 2001), and FrameNet (Baker et al., 1998). VerbNet is organized into verb classes extending Levin (1993) classes through refinement and addition of subclasses to achieve syntactic and semantic coherence among members of a class. Each verb class in VN is completely described by thematic roles, selectional restrictions on the arguments, and frames consisting of a syntactic description and semantic predicates with a temporal function, in a manner similar to the event decomposition of Moens and Steedman (1988).]]></description>
<dc:subject>corpus linguistics nlp language data frame semantics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:f4003597ed61/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:corpus"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:data"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:frame"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:semantics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://lingcog.iit.edu/doc/eaat-05.pdf">
    <title>Corpus-Based Study of Scientific Methodology: Comparing the Historical and Experimental Sciences</title>
    <dc:date>2011-07-11T19:02:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://lingcog.iit.edu/doc/eaat-05.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This chapter studies the use of textual features based on systemic functional linguistics, for genre-based text categorization. We describe feature sets that represent different types of conjunctions and modal assessment, which together can partially indicate how different genres structure text and may prefer certain classes of attitudes towards propositions in the text. This enables analysis of large-scale rhetorical differences between genres by examining which features are important for classification. The specific domain we studied comprises scientific articles in historical and experimental sciences (paleontology and physical chemistry, respectively). We applied the SMO learning algorithm, which with our feature set achieved over 83% accuracy for classifying articles according to field, though no field-specific terms were used as features. The most highly-weighted features for each were consistent with hypothesized methodological differences between historical and experimental sciences, thus lending empirical evidence to the recent philosophical claim of multiple scientific methods.]]></description>
<dc:subject>nlp rhetoric science history language genre classification linguistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:06841b8f2008/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:rhetoric"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:science"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:genre"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:classification"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/penn_treebank_pos.html">
    <title>Penn Treebank P.O.S. Tags</title>
    <dc:date>2011-04-22T17:01:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/penn_treebank_pos.html</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Alphabetical list of part-of-speech tags used in the Penn Treebank Project.

]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics nlp reference</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:ebae1c3686a2/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:reference"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~nunberg/LSA131/Readings.html">
    <title>The Language of Public Discourse</title>
    <dc:date>2010-07-20T22:53:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~nunberg/LSA131/Readings.html</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[What does linguistics have to offer to the understanding of "public language," and vice-versa? What is the public, anyway? How does public language adapt to its material & social settings?  What's the effect of new media on the language of public discourse?]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics language politics discourse newmedia</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:2dfcc4cb4adb/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:discourse"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:newmedia"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://nlpers.blogspot.com/2009/03/nlp-as-study-of-representations.html">
    <title>NLP as a study of representations</title>
    <dc:date>2009-11-07T17:38:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://nlpers.blogspot.com/2009/03/nlp-as-study-of-representations.html</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Ellen Riloff and I run an NLP reading group pretty much every semester.  Last semester we covered "old school NLP."  We independently came up with lists of what we consider some of the most important ideas (idea = paper) from pre-1990 (most are much earlier) and let students select which to present.  There was a lot of overlap between Ellen's list and mine (not surprisingly).  If people are interested, I can provide the whole list (just post a comment and I'll dig it up).  The whole list of topics is posted as a comment.  The topics that were actually selected are here.I hope the students have found this exercise useful.  It gets you thinking about language in a way that papers from the 2000s typically do not.  It brings up a bunch of issues that we no longer think about frequently.  Like language.  (Joking.)  (Sort of.)One thing that's really stuck out for me is how much "old school" NLP comes across essentially as a study of representations.  Perhaps this is a result of the fact that AI -- as a field -- was (and, to some degree, still is) enamored with knowledge representation problems.  To be more concrete, let's look at a few examples.  It's already been a while since I read these last (I had meant to write this post during the spring when things were fresh in my head), so please forgive me if I goof a few things up.I'll start with one I know well: Mann and Thompson's rhetorical structure theory paper from 1988.  This is basically "the" RST paper.  I think that when a many people think of RST, they think of it as a list of ways that sentences can be organized into hierarchies.  Eg., this sentence provides background for that one, and together they argue in favor of yet a third.  But this isn't really where RST begins.  It begins by trying to understand the communicative role of text structure.  That is, when I write, I am trying to communicate something.  Everything that I write (if I'm writing "well") is toward that end.  For instance, in this post, I'm trying to communicate that old school NLP views representation as the heart of the issue.  This current paragraph is supporting that claim by providing a concrete example, which I am using to try to convince you of my claim.As a more detailed example, take the "Evidence" relation from RST.  M+T have the following characterization of "Evidence."  Herein, "N" is the nucleus of the relation, "S" is the satellite (think of these as sentences), "R" is the reader and "W" is the writer:relation name:           Evidenceconstraints on N:       R might not believe N to a degree satisfactory to Wconstraints on S:        R believes S or will find it credibleconstraints on N+S:  R's comprehending S increases R's belief of Nthe effect:                  R's belief of N is increasedlocus of effect:           NThis is a totally different way from thinking about things than I think we see nowadays.  I kind of liken it to how I tell students not to program.  If you're implementing something moderately complex (say, forward/backward algorithm), first write down all the math, then start implementing.  Don't start implementing first.  I think nowadays (and sure, I'm guilty!) we see a lot of implementing without the math.  Or rather, with plenty of math, but without a representational model of what it is that we're studying.The central claim of the RST paper is that one can think of texts as being organized into elementary discourse units, and these are connected into a tree structure by relations like the one above.  (Or at least this is my reading of it.)  That is, they have laid out a representation of text and claimed that this is how texts get put together.As a second example (this will be sorter), take Wendy Lehnert's 1982 paper, "Plot units and narrative summarization."  Here, the story is about how stories get put together.  The most interesting thing about the plot units model to me is that it breaks from how one might naturally think about stories.  That is, I would naively think of a story as a series of events.  The claim that Lehnert makes is that this is not the right way to think about it.  Rather, we should think about stories as sequences of affect states.  Effectively, an affect state is how a character is feeling at any time.  (This isn't quite right, but it's close enough.)  For example, Lehnert presents the following story:When John tried to start his care this morning, it wouldn't turn over.  He asked his neighbor Paul for help.  Paul did something to the carburetor and got it going.  John thanked Paul and drove to work.The representation put forward for this story is something like: (1) negative-for-John (the car won't start), which leads to (2) motivation-for-John (to get it started, which leads to (3) positive-for-John (it's started), when then links back and resolves (1).  You can also analyze the story from Paul's perspective, and then add links that go between the two characters showing how things interact.  The rest of the paper describes how these relations work, and how they can be put together into more complex event sequences (such as "promised request bungled").  Again, a high level representation of how stories work from the perspective of the characters.So now I, W, hope that you, R, have an increased belief in the title of the post.Why do I think this is interesting?  Because at this point, we know a lot about how to deal with structure in language.  From a machine learning perspective, if you give me a structure and some data (and some features!), I will learn something.  It can even be unsupervised if it makes you feel better.  So in a sense, I think we're getting to a point where we can go back, look at some really hard problems, use the deep linguistic insights from two decades (or more) ago, and start taking a crack at things that are really deep.  Of course, features are a big problem; as a very wise man once said to me: "Language is hard.  The fact that statistical association mining at  the word level made it appear easy for the past decade doesn't alter  the basic truth.   :-)."  We've got many of the ingredients to start making progress, but it's not going to be easy!]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics problems community discourse structured_prediction</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:b50a9e8c2a57/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:problems"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:community"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:discourse"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:structured_prediction"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ideant.typepad.com/ideant/2005/04/tag_literacy.html">
    <title>i d e a n t: Tag Literacy</title>
    <dc:date>2007-07-14T18:50:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ideant.typepad.com/ideant/2005/04/tag_literacy.html</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Distributed classification systems function at the intersection of individual choices and the shared linguistic/semantic norms of a social group (the folks in folksonomy).
]]></description>
<dc:subject>social metadata categorization classification collaboration linguistics semantics</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:e364a6db264d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:social"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:metadata"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:categorization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:classification"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:collaboration"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:semantics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&amp;UID=662">
    <title>Literary Encyclopedia: Langue and Parole</title>
    <dc:date>2007-04-08T02:25:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&amp;UID=662</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Langue represents the “work of a collective intelligence”, which is both internal to each individual and beyond the will of any individual to change. Parole designates individual events of language use manifesting each time a speaker’s ephemeral ind
]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics theory speech language</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:db19a1f2d3c2/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:theory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:speech"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk/monkey/ihe/linguistics/corpus1/1chom.htm">
    <title>Chomsky: competence vs. performance</title>
    <dc:date>2007-04-08T02:19:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk/monkey/ihe/linguistics/corpus1/1chom.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Competence is our tacit, internalised knowledge of a language. Performance is external evidence of language competence, and is usage on particular occasions when factors other than our linguistic competence may affect its form.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics ideas speech theory performance knowledge</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:e10dd81f5cd2/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:ideas"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:speech"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:theory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:performance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:knowledge"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.sfu.ca/rst/01intro/intro.html">
    <title>Rhethorical Structure Theory</title>
    <dc:date>2006-07-28T05:11:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sfu.ca/rst/01intro/intro.html</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RST is intended to describe texts, rather than the processes of creating or reading and understanding them. It posits various sorts of "building blocks" which can be observed to occur in texts.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>linguistics theory semiotics reference</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:5251571d587a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:theory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:semiotics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:reference"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/pci/">
    <title>Philipp Cimiano</title>
    <dc:date>2006-07-06T03:11:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/WBS/pci/</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Main interests are in the field of Computational Linguistics as well as Knowledge Representation.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>people academia kr linguistics SSMS2006 semweb</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:4ea30a29d951/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:people"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:academia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:kr"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:SSMS2006"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:semweb"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://mallet.cs.umass.edu/index.php/Main_Page">
    <title>Mallet</title>
    <dc:date>2005-07-19T20:02:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://mallet.cs.umass.edu/index.php/Main_Page</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[MALLET is an integrated collection of Java code useful for statistical natural language processing, document classification, clustering, information extraction, and other machine learning applications to text.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>ai bayes java linguistics nlp tools</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:a6377e480c51/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:ai"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:bayes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:java"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:nlp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:tools"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0226468011/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2">
    <title>Mark Johnson, George Lakoff: Metaphors We Live By</title>
    <dc:date>2005-06-23T21:32:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0226468011/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This book disappointed me, because I expected to be able to somehow apply or utilize the information within...
]]></description>
<dc:subject>books 2003 urn:asin:0226468011 wishlist concepts languagearts linguistics metaphor philosophy truth</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:68b1d1ab01ea/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:books"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:2003"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:urn:asin:0226468011"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:wishlist"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:concepts"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:languagearts"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:metaphor"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:philosophy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:truth"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0226468046/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2">
    <title>George Lakoff: Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things</title>
    <dc:date>2005-06-23T21:22:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0226468046/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[I'd say it's a book I'll keep and likely use as a reference but I doubt I'll ever read the whole thing...
]]></description>
<dc:subject>books 1990 urn:asin:0226468046 wishlist categorization cognition languagearts linguistics psychology reason</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:f3cc01e4a69e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:books"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:1990"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:urn:asin:0226468046"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:wishlist"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:categorization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:cognition"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:languagearts"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:psychology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:reason"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0804717567/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2">
    <title>Geoffrey Sampson: Writing Systems</title>
    <dc:date>2005-06-23T21:11:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0804717567/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This book is the one that got me interested in writing systems as a part of linguistics...
]]></description>
<dc:subject>books 1990 urn:asin:0804717567 wishlist alphabet language languagearts linguistics writing</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:5280bc12bcbf/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:books"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:1990"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:urn:asin:0804717567"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:wishlist"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:alphabet"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:languagearts"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:writing"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0631205101/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2">
    <title>James Fentress, Umberto Eco: The Search for the Perfect Language</title>
    <dc:date>2005-06-23T19:18:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0631205101/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2</link>
    <dc:creator>rybesh</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This is an excellent short review of European quest for a language to unite its disparate nations with each other and the rest of the world...
]]></description>
<dc:subject>books 1997 urn:asin:0631205101 wishlist europe language languagearts linguistics world</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/b:3d0350ff5e8a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:books"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:1997"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:urn:asin:0631205101"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:wishlist"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:europe"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:languagearts"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:linguistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:rybesh/t:world"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/031222530X/webservices-20?dev-t=D151B5UYK93CM2%26camp=2025%26link_code=xm2">
    <title>Theo Van Leeuwen: Speech, Music, Sound</title>
    <dc:date>2005-06-23T19:13:14+00:00</dc:date>
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