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    <title>The American Scholar: Solitude and Leadership - William Deresiewicz</title>
    <dc:date>2022-05-01T14:56:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theamericanscholar.org/solitude-and-leadership/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[already bookmarked here:
https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:04eb6d5c4bb0

surfaced again by
https://screwdowncrown.com/2022/04/30/how-to-think/ ]

"That’s the first half of the lecture: the idea that true leadership means being able to think for yourself and act on your convictions. But how do you learn to do that? How do you learn to think? Let’s start with how you don’t learn to think. A study by a team of researchers at Stanford came out a couple of months ago. The investigators wanted to figure out how today’s college students were able to multitask so much more effectively than adults. How do they manage to do it, the researchers asked? The answer, they discovered—and this is by no means what they expected—is that they don’t. The enhanced cognitive abilities the investigators expected to find, the mental faculties that enable people to multitask effectively, were simply not there. In other words, people do not multitask effectively. And here’s the really surprising finding: the more people multitask, the worse they are, not just at other mental abilities, but at multitasking itself.

One thing that made the study different from others is that the researchers didn’t test people’s cognitive functions while they were multitasking. They separated the subject group into high multitaskers and low multitaskers and used a different set of tests to measure the kinds of cognitive abilities involved in multitasking. They found that in every case the high multitaskers scored worse. They were worse at distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant information and ignoring the latter. In other words, they were more distractible. They were worse at what you might call “mental filing”: keeping information in the right conceptual boxes and being able to retrieve it quickly. In other words, their minds were more disorganized. And they were even worse at the very thing that defines multitasking itself: switching between tasks.

Multitasking, in short, is not only not thinking, it impairs your ability to think. Thinking means concentrating on one thing long enough to develop an idea about it. Not learning other people’s ideas, or memorizing a body of information, however much those may sometimes be useful. Developing your own ideas. In short, thinking for yourself. You simply cannot do that in bursts of 20 seconds at a time, constantly interrupted by Facebook messages or Twitter tweets, or fiddling with your iPod, or watching something on YouTube.

I find for myself that my first thought is never my best thought. My first thought is always someone else’s; it’s always what I’ve already heard about the subject, always the conventional wisdom. It’s only by concentrating, sticking to the question, being patient, letting all the parts of my mind come into play, that I arrive at an original idea. By giving my brain a chance to make associations, draw connections, take me by surprise. And often even that idea doesn’t turn out to be very good. I need time to think about it, too, to make mistakes and recognize them, to make false starts and correct them, to outlast my impulses, to defeat my desire to declare the job done and move on to the next thing.

I used to have students who bragged to me about how fast they wrote their papers. I would tell them that the great German novelist Thomas Mann said that a writer is someone for whom writing is more difficult than it is for other people. The best writers write much more slowly than everyone else, and the better they are, the slower they write. James Joyce wrote Ulysses, the greatest novel of the 20th century, at the rate of about a hundred words a day—half the length of the selection I read you earlier from Heart of Darkness—for seven years. T. S. Eliot, one of the greatest poets our country has ever produced, wrote about 150 pages of poetry over the course of his entire 25-year career. That’s half a page a month. So it is with any other form of thought. You do your best thinking by slowing down and concentrating."]]></description>
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    <title>INTERVIEW: Curator Alia Farid On The Space Between Classrooms And New Types Of Learning</title>
    <dc:date>2021-03-10T19:52:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.pinupmagazine.org/articles/interview-alia-farid-swiss-institute-space-between-classrooms</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[See also:
https://www.swissinstitute.net/exhibition/the-space-between-classrooms-architecture-and-design-series-5th-edition-curated-by-alia-farid/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1DVLkJ0ifQ ]]]></description>
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    <title>Metro Lives - A Film about the Chicago Public High School for Metropolitan Studies - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2021-02-23T05:30:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgjXTlCc_vY</link>
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    <title>Covid-19 and schooling for uncertainty | BERA</title>
    <dc:date>2020-11-26T22:38:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bera.ac.uk/blog/covid-19-and-schooling-for-uncertainty</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Covid-19 reveals an urgent need to focus on an area of worldwide educational significance: the importance for schools of engaging with uncertainty as a key facet of education. In recent decades, a technical education model emphasising certainty has largely superseded progressive education, raising challenges for how to embrace diversity and enhance children’s capacity to navigate uncertainty. The pandemic is the most recent global societal challenge (alongside climate change and recession, for example) to demand creative, critical and resilient civil societies. Unesco, the OECD and the European Union call for education (in its broadest sense) to respond to challenges where solutions are as-yet-unknown or require constant rethinking.

Without abandoning a knowledge-based curriculum rooted in epistemological certainty, in a historical moment of heightened flux and inequality it has never been more vital to reinvigorate what is meant by transformative education in ways that acknowledge and attend to the diversity of uncertainties experienced by children. Adults (teachers, parents, scientists, politicians) do not know answers in advance, or where things might lead, given changing pandemic (and post-pandemic) contexts. Giving children opportunities to make sense of Covid-19 in their lives addresses World Health Organisation (2020) education and behaviour priorities: to promote engagement with ‘public health measures’ and ‘ethics’, and ‘address drivers of fear, anxieties, rumours, stigma’ (p. 9).

Children living with everyday precarity and vulnerabilities due to social and economic inequalities are the worst affected by the pandemic: failing to engage with lived uncertainties means stopping short of addressing educational inequalities. Systemic and structural inequalities also shape families’ ability to scaffold children’s engagement with Covid-19 queries and feelings with regard to, for example, issues such as time-poverty, heightened economic insecurities and access to home-schooling computer technology. Focussing on attainment and socialisation can be productive of social mobility, but meritocracy disguises deep-rooted divisions (Markovits, 2019). Covid-19 signals the imperative for supporting the expression of vulnerabilities and uncertainties within state-funded education, so that children have the capabilities to live with, act on and hope through them (while not distracting from ‘certain’ technical approaches), and participate in creating more just and equitable worlds.

Where ‘knowing’ is understood as ‘the transformation of disturbed and unsettled situations into those more controlled and more significant’ (Dewey, 1929), embracing complexity and uncertainty becomes a way of ’not-knowing’ too quickly or narrowly when deciding how to respond responsibly. The challenge is to engage children with uncertainty: those for whom it is not a choice but a feature of unequal life-chances, and who have unequal access to the ‘competitive advantages’ of embracing not-knowing (as recognised by business, for example) (D’Souza & Renner, 2014, p. 156).

Such engagement requires naming (not erasing) intersecting Covid-19, structural and everyday lived (ontological) uncertainties, and asking probing questions. It means opening up the possibilities to engage in diverse pedagogies – inquiry, creativity and deliberation – that are themselves uncertain (pedagogical uncertainty), in which not-knowing is valued for requiring ongoing thinking and imagination (epistemological uncertainty).

The current emphasis in schools on children’s conformity through attainment and socialisation is important, but technical knowledge alone is insufficient for children from diverse backgrounds to make meaning of uncertainties with no clear solutions in interconnected but unequal global lives. Having additional opportunities to ’not-know’ becomes a mode of being open, attentive and prepared to respond, and offers possibilities for children to shift into ‘being’ participants rather than simply recipients of adult-generated knowledge.

Teachers need encouragement to experiment with how to support children’s engagement with the lived uncertainties of Covid-19 and other issues. This includes using diverse pedagogies to support different ‘registers’ of not-knowing.

1. Knowledge: going beyond the assumed certainty of scientific fact/technocratic solutions to engage multiple knowledges, including modelling, interdisciplinarity and local. Children need to puzzle-over information, ask ‘Why this knowledge, not that?’, and consider its relevance to their current and future lives.

2. Affect and embodiment: the world is felt, imagined and thought about through sensory engagement and movement; attention to feeling can identify children’s concerns and desires, including the worlds they would like to help create together.

3. Spirituality and ethics: the spiritual is integral to schooling and embedded in many children’s backgrounds. Some may have access to spiritual guidance on ‘accepting uncertainty’, but all children require opportunities to attend to difficult questions that are inherently uncertain.

The authors promote the importance of increasing opportunities for students and staff to work with uncertainty (as well as with certainty) through TRANSFORM-iN EDUCATION [https://www.transformineducation.org/ ] – @transform_in_ed [https://twitter.com/transform_in_ed ].

References
Dewey, J. (1929). The quest for certainty. In J. A. Boydston (Ed.), The later works (1925–1953), Vol. 4. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press.

D’Souza, S., & Renner, D. (2014). Not knowing: The art of turning uncertainty into opportunity. London: LID Publishing.

Markovits, D. (2019). The meritocratic trap. New York: Penguin Press.

World Health Organisation (2020, May). A coordinated global research roadmap: 2019 novel coronavirus. Geneva: World Health Organisation. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/Coronavirus_Roadmap_V9.pdf?ua=1”]]></description>
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    <title>The Short Life and Long Legacy of Black Mountain College - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2020-10-27T05:33:43+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In line with the era’s progressive educational thinking — John Dewey was God — the school was conceived as pro-community and anti-hierarchy: Everybody learned from everybody. Although the faculty was technically in charge, students were involved in institutional decision-making. It was also left to them to decide when they were ready to graduate. (Most never did.) There were no course requirements, departmental restrictions, grades or degrees. The school offered, at least initially, a fairly broad-based liberal arts program, with art itself, modernist in mood, at the center, available to all, not necessarily as a professional pursuit but as a means of unlocking creative thinking in students in every field."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://hkw.de/en/app/mediathek/video/78495">
    <title>Discussion: Anarchy and Control | Mediathek 78495</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-29T18:20:23+00:00</dc:date>
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[intro to the discussion by Tom Holert: 
video: https://hkw.de/en/app/mediathek/video/78499
audio-only version: https://hkw.de/en/app/mediathek/audio/78447 ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://hkw.de/en/app/mediathek/video/78504">
    <title>Catherine Burke: Colin Ward and Anarchist Educational Concepts of the 1960s and ’70s: “We make the road by walking.” | Mediathek 78504</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-29T18:19:28+00:00</dc:date>
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https://soundcloud.com/hkw/catherine-burke-colin-ward-ov ]]]></description>
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    <title>Dan 태영 on Twitter: &quot;Gifted programs are so deeply problematic. I wonder if it's a white supremacy dynamic, the formation of an &quot;elite&quot; / for certain students &quot;gifted&quot; by an extrahuman force (suspiciously like manifest destiny). And more often than not</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-20T02:13:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272591002482683909</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Gifted programs are so deeply problematic. I wonder if it’s a white supremacy dynamic, the formation of an “elite” / for certain students “gifted” by an extrahuman force (suspiciously like manifest destiny). And more often than not, it harms even the kids who go through it https://twitter.com/davidhuber_/status/1272582728966443021

<blockquote>Even more absurd is GATE (Gifted and Talented Education), which at my elementary school you tested into at like age 7 and were pulled out of regular class for once a week, like some elite special unit https://twitter.com/mcmansionhell/status/1272577308210200581

<blockquote>AP is a fucked up system that facilitates inequality</blockquote></blockquote>

I found this: “Whiteness as Giftedness: Racial Formation at an Urban High School” by Annegret Staiger, and it’s so illuminating. (I’m so grateful when I find research by someone who has deeply thought about a topic; like encountering a trail in the woods) https://sci-hub.tw/10.1525/sp.2004.51.2.161 [two images with the following]

<blockquote>By treating the gifted magnet at RHS as a racial project, this study has revealed the processes by which a desegregation program functioned to produce a system that conflated being white with being gifted. It has illustrated how a school could portray itself as a showcase of integration and academic excellence while at the same time perpetuating a system of racial inequality. The magnet program for gifted students made the racial category “white” disappear in its public discourse behind an alleged system of meritocracy, but not without producing a widespread conflation of whiteness with giftedness. Whereas the goal of desegregation was to raise the educational opportunities for non-white students, the beneficiaries of integration at Roosevelt High School were disproportionately white students in the gifted program. Integration and academic excellence was advertised in the school’s public discourse, but white exclusivity via giftedness was assured to the predominantly white audience of prospective magnet students.</blockquote>

[and]

<blockquote>It is not surprising that the gifted magnet would end up as a tool for preserving white privilege rather than for attaining racial equality. This raises the question of whether the compromise of enticing white and wealthier parents with the carrot of giftedness was acceptable in the first place, and whether the assumption that changing people’s behavior will ultimately lead to changed attitudes is valid.9 Furthermore, given the linkages of this racial project to other projects of white privilege, the question can be raised whether giftedness can ever be institutionalized without lending itself to racial exclusion and social
control.</blockquote>

(Most of my own learning and teaching practices has been deeply informed by trying to undo the lessons learned from “gifted” or coercive education, to try to recuperate/assemble joyous ways of learning that usually happened at the edges of the school, not in its center!)

For us to see education through the lens of a white supremacist or policing/carceral society is SO illuminating, clarifying. I hope for that things will change when we start recognizing and undoing traumas around schooling, and I think it’s on educators to start there.

(Also! None of this is particularly “new”; there is so much thoughtful and heartfelt work and research and care done on this already by peers and mentors and others that I am so excited to learn from!)”]]></description>
<dc:subject>dantaeyoung 2020 gate gifted education learning children whitesupremacy whiteness schools schooling unschooling deschooling annegretstaiger davidhuber race racism us teaching howwelearn howweteach tcsnmy lcproject openstudioproject coercion motivation giftedness privilege whiteprivilege inequality segregation integration ap</dc:subject>
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    <title>Dan 태영 on Twitter: &quot;as much as I loved my grad arch school, part of this project needs to be about understanding how the formal/aesthetic aspects of my architectural pedagogy might be deeply racist, or denialist in the privileging of form, concept, ag</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-19T21:23:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277838307544662018</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[noted here previously: https://twitter.com/rogre/status/1278804306506874880

“Here is a long thread on anti-racism, decolonization, anti-patriarchy, abolitionism, transformative justice, collectivism, and more that is worth your time even if you’re not in architecture and/or education. Read it through whichever lenses you wear. via @sevensixfive

How does an observation like this reframe your thinking? Will it convince you to look to different sources of reading and thought as you consider a post COVID-19, post-ACAB Spring world? I hope so https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277862405108891648

<blockquote>Is this just a coincidence, that the Black-led abolitionist occupation is about sharing space next to each other while the oft white-dominated Occupy was about having enclosed, personal territories?</blockquote>

“The dream school isn’t a school.” ❤️ 

One of my lenses is K-12 lens, and this list is important to me. It’s also important that bell hooks comes first, as she references Freire specifically critiquing his attitude to gender especially, challenging him

https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277891278353678336

<blockquote>The dream school isn’t a school.

An abolitionist society doesn’t need cops for us to be safe OR schools for us to learn. As bell hooks & Ivan Illich & Paulo Freire write: we can have deschooled society and liberatory & transgressive learning.
we keep us safe / we teach each other</blockquote>

Considering “the dream school isn’t a school,” an abolitionist and transformative future, and voices that build upon the past while addressing our time, here are two pointers (among so many great options) for additional reading.

1. Akilah S. Richards’s Fare of the Free Child podcast and forthcoming book Raising Free People: Unschooling as Liberation and Healing Work
https://raisingfreepeople.com/podcast/
https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&p=1145

+

2. Leanne Betasamosake Simpson’s essay “Being with the Land, Protects the Land” and book As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance
https://abolitionjournal.org/being-with-the-land-protects-the-land-leanne-betasamosake-simpson/?fbclid=IwAR2M8qr9CaeXOLs9q3kaGcCxkrhqnbCveEFCGmrnLE7RHwWiqIDhavHLJFM
https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/as-we-have-always-done

one more from Leanne Betasamosake Simpson: “Land as pedagogy: Nishnaabeg intelligence and rebellious transformation” https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/des/article/view/22170 ”

[image with abstract]]

“as much as I loved my grad arch school, part of this project needs to be about understanding how the formal/aesthetic aspects of my architectural pedagogy might be deeply racist, or denialist in the privileging of form, concept, agency, design in architectural spaces

design focused on authorship, identity, difference is deeply problematic. It treats space as being about trying to be as “non-fungible” as possible, a “unique product” rather than a living thing that is deeply connected to our notions of community and relation

the notion of “new designs” is also deeply problematic; (I forget whose argument this is) 
The focus on newness is a fundamentally market driven understanding of architecture, where value is achieved through distinction from other spaces. Spaces $ because they’re not like others

most of architectural pedagogy is a kind of giant commodity fetishizaton of a space. architecture is valued by a logic that is a logic of the market, not about SPACE ITSELF. How space is monetarily priced becomes how space is valued.

Or in other words: in architecture, instead of really caring about space first, then understanding second that different spaces might have different prices on a real estate market.. 

we are conditioned to care about space based on how much a profit oriented market pays for it

And the qualities of the market have actually become transmuted into the default pedagogical philosophies of most “”top”” architecture schools. This is what Marx calls reification - things appearing to have inherent ‘properties’ that actually come from social relations

A real estate market being reified into pedagogy would focus on newness and innovation in the studio pinup as a method to have unique and desirable “products” of space, teach implicitly that we should strive to have designs that are different from each other, a product mindset

A property-ist pedagogy influenced by fine art historical (art market) discourse would focus on authorship, and celebrate designers by tossing around their names, or focus on their bodies of work, or focus on the idea of “The Practice”

The commodity-ist architecture pedagogy/discourse that we seem to have is all about space, design, form, concept, all about space itself, focusing on the qualities of the commodity, not its relations, not its participation within an ecology of social relations and politics

Let me be specific: are architects trained for spatial contexts where “not designing anything” is the right answer? NO. Hence the “design a better border wall / design a better prison trap”. What would design pedagogy be if it was open to the possibility of not designing?

And I don’t mean some sort of shitty paper architecture conceptual play (very fun and meaningless tbh). I mean not designing where the “design” is the problematic part, the “architecture as commodity” is the part to transform

What would an architecture school, a spatial school look like, when commodity logics aren’t absorbed and taken as pedagogical logics??

What would an architecture school look like if space was defetishized, seen for what it actually FEELS, SUPPORTS, CREATES between people - and we used that logic of social relations and politics instead?

At this school, the anticapitalist, the antiracist, decolonialist, abolitionist, transformative justice school of my dreams, our dreams, design projects would not result in a jury or a critic. Instead, you would have a group that you’re working with, and the end of the project ..

would result in the entire group just saying thoughtful and nice things about the group’s project. This would be because the whole POINT of the semester would be about learning to facilitate a conversation, to cooperate  and listen, and find a consensus around the shared project.

Projects would not be thought of as “design” projects and representations would focus on social systems, politics, emotions, proxemics, rather than just visual aesthetics. Like Fanon’s sociogeny but applied onto space

As the coordinator of an exploratory arch representation course for all M.Archs at Columbia GSAPP, I’m working on this, but want to push it further. Every architectural representation should involve a discussion on the politics of that type of representation.

Not just the politics of renderings, say, but even asking the question: why the fuck is it that in architecture school, pedagogy continues to focus on an examination of even a drawing “about” the building - plans, sections, diagrams, renderings, etc etc

Why do attempts to answer this question often seem to land in a politics-bereft and easily instrumentalized paper architecture that just continues the commodity fetish space, then playing back into boosting architectural representation even further

I know what I’m saying might seem like an “old topic” in arch and the same argument gets rehashed over and over — but I am talking about arch pedagogy’s need to deeply connect to to radical politics and social justice and the pedagogy that would emerge from it

(This is getting strangely long-winded, so I will try to summarize in another thread)

(Actually, I may just have to keep on going for now and summarize later)
tldr: arch pedagogy logic is real estate logic

Context: I’ve been down at #OccupyCityHall / #abolitionplaza for a few days. It feels growing, shining, caring, safe, funny, excited, calm. I remember being at Occupy Wall Street during grad school days. No exaggeration - my understanding of space permanently changed afterwards

A friend - Demitra K - and I, after going to Zuccotti, would go into the @ColumbiaGSAPP studios and tried to tell our friends that going there was so much more important to our architectural education than a studio. We’d coax friends to come

Now I see: the societies that we can envision though OWS and occupy city hall are and have to be abolitionist futures, transformative justice futures, one in which our understanding of space needs to be DEEPLY connected to space, social relations, community care, repair

In a carceral society, our understandings of space are deeply connected to imprisonment, and also property and boundary. How has the PIC wormed its way into our architectural imaginations? How has white supremacy and fear of the Other fundamentally structured space?

At zuccotti, people mostly slept in enclosed tents; at abolition plaza everyone sleeps outside, next to each other. the abolitionist chant is that we keep us safe.

Is this just a coincidence, that the Black-led abolitionist occupation is about sharing space next to each other while the oft white-dominated Occupy was about having enclosed, personal territories?

IN ANY case, back to pedagogy. If we understand and see what space can ACTUALLY finally be about, then pedagogy needs to shift - from commodity pedagogy to transformative justice pedagogy

What would a transformative justice spatial pedagogy look like day to day, in its practice, not in theory? Some thoughts: 

(caveat: I am still learning and I imagine that many people are probably doing this Work already. I can see how much more I can learn and am excited for it)

1. No final reviews. architectural review culture is real estate product culture. Communal collaboration culture would like discussing, listening, laughing, exploring. https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277849313616502784

<blockquote>At this school, the anticapitalist, the antiracist, decolonialist, abolitionist, transformative justice school of my dreams, our dreams, design projects would not result in a jury or a critic. Instead, you would have a group that you’re working with, and the end of the project ..</blockquote>

When you finish a project you should feel like you collaborated or facilitated an great time working on a hard project with people. Reviews being performances is deeply deeply problematic, the more we think about it.

2. No fucking grades. Not only do grades get in the way of learning, GRADING CULTURE IS COP CULTURE https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272275976454537216

<blockquote>It is absolutely wild and unjust that in many/most schools, you can be *expelled* for having bad grades.

Imagine that you were on a hike on a mountain with a group. The group says: if you fall behind, we will kick you out of our group and leave you behind. Is this a good group? https://twitter.com/av_rose_ev/status/1271978534001471490 </blockquote>

In the grad students I’ve had in the past 6 years of teaching, SO Amuch of my teaching has been about undoing harm and trauma around grades so that we can actually LEARN and explore as a group, not as a coercive student-teacher power dynamic

At least, that’s what my own teaching has _attempted_, about pushing against grading culture within an already toxic environment of high pressure architecture Ivy League grad school.

(This isn’t a subtweet of  GSAPP specifically, which at least has pass fail and a reportedly more thoughtful studio culture compared to other organizations, but an indictment of something endemic across Architectural Discourse and capA architectural pedagogy)

3. Spatial designs aren’t visual ones. Aesthetics and vision are de-emphasized. Architectural image culture is real estate commodity culture.

4. Projects aren’t expected to be “new” and “original”, nor are they expected to be historical. Architectural projects aren’t compared between each other, or at least done so to avoid commodity culture. Architectural newness culture is commodity branding culture.

5. Architecture teachers (if they exist)  have roles based on the ideal ways that space is collectively altered:
 
facilitator-trainers (collaboration), 

engineers (building &planning), 

movement organizers (supporting & maintaining),

‘play’ers (joy, pleasure, connection)

6. Group classes (if they exist) are structured like collective research practices, specifically so that each person’s work benefits and enriches everyone else’s https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272396060623765504

<blockquote>oriented in the same direction, like a school of fish, trying to find something together. oriented outwards, as if we are exploring a city of thought and agree to meet back in a few hours, with photos and notes of things we’ve discovered.
Show this thread</blockquote>

(And I actually have specifc actionable ideas on how to structure a class like this, using Zoom and collaboration tools for the fall semester, and am planning my classes this way. Happy to share more)

The Jigsaw learning technique, developed as a racial desegregation learning practice in 1971 in the US, or @niloufar_s’s lab’s idea of a Hive collective formation process http://niloufar.org/publications/2018/HIVE_CSCW2018.pdf are inspiring me lately for ways to think about this kind of pedagogy and play

7. (should be #1 but I had thought it was too obvious)
The pedagogy curriculum is grounded in reading anti-racist, decolonialist, abolitionist thought, especially by Black feminist writers, being able to deeply SEE spaces of a deeply problematic history and a yearned-for future

every thought I read and encounter and learn from is personally and slowly blowing my mind, and I catch these really powerful glimpses of what that abolitionist future could be

8. Spatial projects are understood to be social, financial, racial, about gender, race, class, education, access, oppression, bias. Where is the STS (Science and Technology Studies) of architecture? (Is geography studies like this? is there a geography “design” studies?)

9. Spatial projects begin the conversation around MAINTENANCE,  not construction. I mean: spaces are thought of as maintained ecologies and gardens, not as an environment that is “built”. 
@stewartbrand: “A building is not something you finish. A building is something you start”

Thinking about the @The_Maintainers, @shannonmattern on maintenance and care (https://placesjournal.org/article/maintenance-and-care/?cn-reloaded=1), Mierle Laderman Ukeles’s work, and @adriennemaree’s Emergent Strategy, connecting movement work to space
https://placesjournal.org/article/maintenance-and-care/

This is, of course, often feminized labor or termed ‘domestic labor’ and  implied to be undesirable; this would be feminist antipatriarchical pedagogy, classes or reading groups would discuss how spatial discourse & pedagogy has been deeply distorted and limited by the patriarchy

10. At this school, conversations would fundamentally involve talking about space, exclusivity, access. How a space can aesthetically transmit hostility or exclusivity that align and PERFORM with racism and classism https://twitter.com/autotheoryqueen/status/1273283366079561728

<blockquote>The gender binary is part of the carceral continuum from the bathroom — where trans & non binary people are policed, attacked and arrested — to the prison. Trans liberation is an abolitionist affair.</blockquote>

Or how binary-gendered bathrooms are a spatial layout that actively construct and reinforce a gender binary, as @QSAPP_ and @QSPACEarch and @melanieh0ff have been thinking about https://twitter.com/autotheoryqueen/status/1273283366079561728

<blockquote>The gender binary is part of the carceral continuum from the bathroom — where trans & non binary people are policed, attacked and arrested — to the prison. Trans liberation is an abolitionist affair.</blockquote>

11. Oh and this should be #2, also too obvious I forgot: 
architectural pedagogy would be explicitly grounded in studies and histories of spatial inequality, redlining, displacement, and systematic racism. (Not once in my time in M. Arch school did I learn about Seneca Village!)

Okay. And because I have to go to bed, I will end this list (even though there’s so much more) with my dream of a transformative abolitionist school:

The dream school isn’t a school.
An abolitionist society doesn’t need cops for us to be safe OR schools for us to learn. As bell hooks & Ivan Illich & Paulo Freire write: we can have deschooled society and liberatory & transgressive learning.
we keep us safe / we teach each other

The dream school is a society, a collective — thnking of @melanieh0ff’s heartful, touching Code Societies at @sfpc https://sfpc.io/codesocieties2020/

<blockquote>SFPC | Code Societies Winter 2020
The School for Poetic Computation (SFPC), based in NYC, is a hybrid of school, artist residency and research group where students develop a deep curiosity of what it means to work poetically in…</blockquote>

This transformative architectural “school” or learning society would be about *taking care of a space together.*

Imagine this:
The learning collective is also a community center. We collectively run programs and maintain/change the building.

We learn and discuss how to maintain, update, create community programs. How do we change the space accordingly? We discuss, listen, argue, laugh. We think about social, political, ecological impact. We renovate the building, or try new technologies if they help us serve others.

In this learning community, learning society, we learn about space by… making it. Shaping it. Creating it. Thinking about finances, space, accessibility, budget, anti-racism, decision-making process, transformative conflict resolution, harm repair. And we have fun doing so!

Perhaps this long thread is another way to say: I have been so honored and lucky to have been part of starting and maintaining and GROWing the communal and cooperative spaces of @primeproduce and Soft Surplus, and am grateful for my collaborators in our  wild adventures

There are soo many collaborators that I feel like my heart sinks at the prospect of leaving someone out, so I almost do not want to say further and stop speaking for these projects with my voice. I talked a little bit about this here with @willak: https://thecreativeindependent.com/people/designer-architect-teacher-and-learner-dan-taeyoung-on-growing-a-cooperative-like-youd-grow-a-garden/

<blockquote>On growing a cooperative like you’d grow a garden
Dan Taeyoung discusses building trust within cooperative spaces, developing open-ended systems, and un-learning hierarchical ways of operating.</blockquote>

But want to shoutout my initial collaborators in @primeproduce, Jerone Hsu & 
@mr_tumnus, and Soft Surplus, @melanieh0ff & @_newcubes_ all whom I have laughed and debated and imagined with; whom I have also made mistakes to, disappointed, in my own neverending process of learning.

Starting and growing two spaces and collectives has deeply shifted and structured my understanding about space and architecture and community in powerful, fundamental ways that my schooling did not and was deeply incapable of.

It’s from this context and experience that I (stay up incredibly late and) articulate this vision of a transformative architecture school.. that is anti-racist, that actively works towards repair, and works to abolish the police and jails in our minds, because it GROWS.

spatial culture can be about societal care, about repair, about calling in, about invitation. We can see space as something we want to grow, garden, tend, care for, the way we do with our neighbors and strangers.

Okay, to conclude. 

architecture culture and pedagogy can be real estate market culture 

OR

spatial culture can be communal culture, play culture, abolition culture, transformative culture.

Which one do we want for our communities? In our neighborhoods? In our imaginations?

FINALLY:
In terms of starting tomorrow, the statement that @bsa_gsapp has written to GSAPP is crucial. 

I’m vowing to find ways that I can support these in my role as (adjunct) faculty,  integrating these thoughts deeply into my teaching. https://twitter.com/a_l_hu/status/1276639014435590145

<blockquote>The Black Student Alliance at Columbia GSAPP (BSA+GSAPP) has written a powerful statement to the Columbia GSAPP Dean and Administration. The statement is titled, “On the Futility of Listening.” Please read it and sign your name in support!

https://onthefutilityoflistening.cargo.site/</blockquote> 

And this powerful statement by the Black faculty of @ColumbiaGSAPP that rightly and justly calls for an examination of anti-Black racism and white supremacy within all modes of it at GSAPP: https://twitter.com/jgmoore/status/1277965117930352640

<blockquote>UNLEARNING WHITENESS
A Statement from the Black Faculty of @Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
https://unlearningwhiteness.cargo.site</blockquote>

Everything I have said above is NOT NEW either! It has already been thought of. The barriers to us approaching this kind of transformative school isn’t because we haven’t thought of it yet. It’s the lack of willingness to actively engage in this work together.

[image (**denotes highlighted passage**): “of unlearning white supremacy. Fifty years ago there were radical actions undertaken by GSAPP students in architecture and planning inspired by the Black Power and Civil Rights movement. **One of those trailblazers, educator/alumni/colleague Dr. Sharon Egretta Sutton has narrated in When Ivory Towers were Black how she and classmates forged institutional change, brought Black and Latinx students into the school's disciplines, and initiated community-based design and planning studios that worked with Harlem residents and organizations. And yet by the 1980s those radical pedagogies and curricular changes disappeared within GSAPP as the whiteness of the school's disciplines was reconstituted into new versions of old racist paradigms, discourses, and practices.** It is our belief that unless white supremacy is first, recognized and second, dismantled within this institution, then the goals professed and desired by many of the GSAPP community to eradicate anti-black”]

The real #1 in my list is fundamental - a school should be centered around BIPOC & esp. Black and Indigenous faculty and students, and an understanding of the structural forces & racisms that make schools predominantly white in faculty, and white and East Asian in student makeup”]]></description>
<dc:subject>unschooling 2020 dantaeyoung teaching architecture art design pedagogy learning howwlearn howweteach education highered highereducation patriarchy decolonization antiracism transformativejustice socialjustice bellhooks canon fredscharmen abolitionism prisonabolition collectivism deschooling conviviality ivanillich occupywallstreet ows race gender ethnicity sexuality stewartbrand sfpc schoolforpoeticcomputing feminism exclusivity grades grading inclusivity genderbinary shannonmattern maintenance care caring society adriennemareebrown carceralcapitalism capitalism competition liberation teachingtotransgress primproduce jeronehsu spacialculture culture listening alhu justingarrettmoore austinwadesmith christopherchavez willaköerner niloufarsalehi themaintainers akilahrichards schools schooling schooliness community communities leannebetasamosakesimpson markets anticapitalism melaniehoff inclusion chegossett lcproject openstudioproject tcsnmy sfsh howwelearn schoolforpoeticcomputation paulofreire land-baseded</dc:subject>
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    <title>k'eguro on Twitter: &quot;Very much looking forward to this publication: https://t.co/TybVxpR8EY&quot; / Twitter</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-06T12:18:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/keguro_/status/1290995561248821250</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Very much looking forward to this publication:

[We Must Learn to Sit Together and Talk About a Little Culture: Decolonizing Essays 1967-1984, by Sylvia Wynter]
https://peepaltreepress.com/books/we-must-learn-sit-together-and-talk-about-little-culture-decolonizing-essays-1967-1984

And, following from this morning’s thought about feminism as women gathering to share experiences, to trace patterns, to recognize they were NOT CRAZY, to create languages and frames to name structures, and to develop strategies to work across difference, following that . . .

And thinking with the time women took to talk and think together—that wonderful opening to the Combahee River Collective Statement: We started meeting in 1974.

And I think, pushing against “outcomes” as why people meet.

We started meeting to start thinking together.

And that it is in the thinking together that stuff emerges and takes shape and also remains unshapely.

Freedom is the goal. But cannot be thought of as an outcome.

There’s a specific way the language of “outcomes” irritates my spirit.

Maybe because of that one semester we were told we needed learning outcomes. And then were provided with stuff that had no space for imagination and play.

“students will write 500 words”

“students will give oral presentations that will last 10 minutes”

“students will run in circles while clutching chickens and proclaiming themselves emperors of ants””]]></description>
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    <title>Extra-curricular</title>
    <dc:date>2020-06-15T20:31:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://extra-curricular.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Extra-curricular is a reader  of collected texts about self-organized learning , experiments , and alternatives in art and design education . Occurring both within  and separate  from existing institutions, these new forms  of learning and organization  question how learning takes place , for whom, and the ideologies  inherent in existing models, among many other things. An (admittedly) incomplete inventory , this book aims to serve as a starting point  for further discussion  and experimentation . By providing your  to us you can  to our mailing list . We'll be in touch soon!"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/SimonDeDeo/status/1264294784111427585">
    <title>Simon DeDeo on Twitter: &quot;A radical model for undergraduate education in Fall 2020. (thread)&quot; / Twitter</title>
    <dc:date>2020-05-25T21:27:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/SimonDeDeo/status/1264294784111427585</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A radical model for undergraduate education in Fall 2020. (thread)

Students come, but they don't come to campus. They live somewhere in the city, in small groups of (say) ten to fifteen. Call them "colleges", on the Oxbridge model.

You only interact physically with people in your college. Testing and contact tracing make this feasibly low to zero risk.

Everyone in the same college takes the same classes (roughly). There's intellectual cohesion to what goes on in the house. All classes are remote—as innovative as you like.

Faculty visit colleges monthly, to lead a seminar on the topics in play. This can happen outside, in big rooms with good HVAC, etc—as you please. Without in-person lecture classes, there is plenty of space.

Colleges, ideally, become the places that students talk through ideas and learn. Faculty provide the intellectual resources and mentorship, but the bulk of the learning happens over dinners and breakfasts.

The obvious objections. Can students actually survive without a dining hall? Can they cook for themselves? Can they handle the difficulties of living together without the watchful eye of the university?

I think, obviously, the answer is yes, they can. Many universities have spent a great deal of time curating "a college experience"—but I am not sure how well that has happened, in practice.

Yup! For the full experience, give them a high-stakes end of year examination. If they do well, they get to ruin the country.

<blockquote>@stanislavfort: This actually sounds very much like an Oxbridge college.</blockquote>

For this to work, the University would have to credibly signal that it would not be stepping in to solve day-to-day problems that the students encounter. While at the same time drawing clear bright lines on what can't happen (Title IX, etc)"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://jmulholland.com/small-group/">
    <title>James Mulholland - The Small Gorup</title>
    <dc:date>2020-05-25T21:21:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://jmulholland.com/small-group/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“My recent research rabbit hole has been investigating what I would like to term the Small Group.

Lying somewhere between a club and a loosely defined set of friends, the Small Group is a repeated theme in the lives of the successful. Benjamin Franklin had the Junto Club, Tolkien and C.S. Lewis had The Inklings, Jobs and Wozniak had Homebrew. The Bloomsbury Group was integral to the success of Virginia Woolf, Clive Bell, and John Maynard Keynes, while MIT’s Model Railroad Club spawned much of modern hacker culture.

The Small Group offers a private, close-knit environment in which members can share ideas freely. For Bloomsbury, this meant challenging norms on feminism, pacifism, sexuality and art. For the members of Homebrew and MIT’s model railway club, this was merely the experience of being your nerdy self amongst other like-minded nerds.

<blockquote>The chief [reason to meet in a private space] seems to me to be that, as you say, we should have to eradicate politeness. We can get to the point of calling each other prigs and adulterers quite happily when the company is small & select, but its rather a question whether we could do it with a larger number of people who might not feel that they were quite on neutral ground” - Vanessa Bell, Member of the Bloomsbury Group</blockquote>

Twelve appears to be a magic number of members for the Small Group. Although The Cambridge Apostles (so named because, like Jesus’ followers, there were twelve of them) were one of the few groups that stuck explicitly to this number, The Junto Club, The Inklings and The Bloomsbury Group all had approximately twelve core members.1

Around a dozen members is the sweet spot of social motivation: small enough to know everyone, yet large enough that the group won’t collapse if one or two members’ enthusiasm wanes; small enough that you are not daunted by competing with the whole world, yet large enough that you still need to be on your toes to keep up.

It is common for Small Groups to further enhance their motivational effects through clearly defined structures. Weekly meetings at the Junto Club, with a rota ensuring all members would give a talk, kept the intellectual bar at a certain level. Bloomsbury, meanwhile, split into a Thursday thinking group for writers, and a Friday idea and exhibition organisation group for artists.

However, structure is by no means a necessity. Amongst technology-based groups in particular, there is a general dislike of anything too organised. Hackers do not like being told what to do. For example, the hacker group w00w00, whose membership contained the founders of both Napster and WhatsApp, stated on its homepage that “there are no “members”” while Homebrew met raggedly in carparks to trade parts.

In place of structure, these groups organised around ability and commitment. w00w00 allowed new participants in if they had an invite from a pre-existing member or could independently show sufficient technical acumen. The Tech Model Railroad Club allowed free access to the train room, so long as you had proved your engagement by clocking-in 40 hours of work on the system.

The assistance members can give one another isn’t purely motivational, however. In-person communication is high-bandwidth and offers feedback that is difficult to replicate elsewhere. An ongoing relationship provides more effective advice, allowing the use of shorthand for concepts and a two-way conversation that autodidactic education lacks.

******

Reading about how good these groups can be has made me envious. I want one too. What does realising that want look like? What is the Small Group for the 2020s?

I know that there are many people out there who are excited about working on interesting projects, discovering new things and exploring the space of what is possible. Indeed, I’ve seen several other promising efforts in this area. Anna Gat is doing a great job at building a large, swirling, international community with The Interintellect. The recreation of the public salon is another intriguing attempt at solving this problem. I’m also a member of newly-created bookclubs, Slack groups, and Telegram chats full of people looking to get to know one other, be inspired and stay motivated.

But these examples aren’t quite what I’m aiming for. I want something smaller, more intimate, more regular. Not meeting someone you like and only managing to run into them once every three months, but creating regular, meaningful connections.

While I enjoy meeting people at one-off or quarterly events, these interactions don’t compound in a way that a more regular relationship with someone can. A single conversation may lead you down an interesting path, but a community keeps you on it.

The other flaw of many modern attempts at providing a community is that such attempts are often online-only, or at least online-first. Although online connections are a great thing to have in your life—I am writing this post during a global pandemic lockdown which would be far harder to survive with only IRL connections—there is something sorely missing when you don’t get to see someone’s face. As well as the body-language cues that make up so much of human interaction, online communities miss out on several other advantages.

First, they shift the emphasis towards consumption, not creation. How many tweets do you write versus how many do you read, for example? Communicating in real-life shifts the ratio of creation to consumption far closer to 1:1, thus forcing you to fully develop your ideas.

Online communities also don’t self-correct in the same way. A fixed time and place ensure that you will be missed if you don’t turn up. Dropping your commitments becomes harder by default. The omnipresent communication streams that dominate online life are far easier to opt-out of whereas if you drop out of a small, physical group you will be missed.

We are now at a place where we can define the Small Group a little more clearly. Some things are specific and easily mapped from historical examples. The small group size of about a dozen people seems to translate well, for example. Other attributes are harder to pin down. Like the examples I have mentioned, the modern Small Group should have a strong sense of fun and playfulness.2

The Small Group must strike a delicate balance between indirection and real progress. Pure business drive is not desirable. The goal here is not to invest more in the skills you use at work. Instead, it is to be truly exploratory for no immediate purpose. It is to waste time (yet to savour it), to wander off in the wrong direction (and to find an exciting new path). Indirection and exploration should not come at the cost of doing and building. Doing and building should not come at the cost of having fun.

What about subject matter? Historical Small Groups are a mixture of the specific (model railways, building personal computers, writing fantasy fiction) and the eclectic (art, culture, philosophy, general self-improvement). In a sense, I do not think it matters, and the potential landscape is broad.

From a purely personal perspective, however, I do not (yet) have any one thing that takes priority over my other interests. Therefore, my selfish bias is to create something under some kind of umbrella niche that is not too specific.

In summary, the format I can conceive of that seems most likely to succeed is along the lines of the following.

* Unofficial membership status of around a dozen members.

* Each member works on personal or collaborative projects and is held accountable through a combination of regular talks and presentations.

* Members are unconstrained in what their project topics are, but they would fall roughly under the domain of ‘explorative technology’. Members are probably interested in some subset of Dynamicland, doing weird stuff with GANs, interesting data visualisations, Tools for Thought and Second Brains, tech-related art projects, reconceptualising programming, writing explorative essays, hardware experiments, and things that cannot be put in a list such as this.

* Physical meeting space(s) that promote collaboration, spontaneity and deep work. A combination of members’ houses, libraries, coffee shops and co-working spaces may feel these needs.

Maybe this is all a symptom of me not quite yet managing the swirling, messy communities that do and should make up a modern city. But I’m not sure. I think I do want a Small Group.

I’d like this essay to be a form of action, not a pipe dream. So, if you are in London and into the themes I’ve talked about here, then put your email down below or email me directly and we shall see where it goes.“]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://strelka.com/en/videos/event/2014/09/12/beatriz-colomina-towards-a-radical-pedagogy">
    <title>Strelka Institute - Beatriz Colomina: Towards a Radical Pedagogy</title>
    <dc:date>2020-04-13T07:31:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://strelka.com/en/videos/event/2014/09/12/beatriz-colomina-towards-a-radical-pedagogy</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[direct link to video: https://vimeo.com/109790299 ]

“Beatriz Colomina architectural historian tells about the influence of radical pedagogical experiments on post-war architecture 

Among the many factors that influence the architecture formed the second half of the twentieth century, we should not ignore the role of teaching. Pedagogical experiments were innovative for the time, violated the formalities, instead of amplifying and distributing them. That period is characterized by collective disobedience to the bureaucracy and capital, cold and Vietnam wars. American environment grew out of the consumption of plastic and mass-produced objects. Sci-fi novels are reflected in the achievements of the brave new world of computer technology, gadgets and spaceships. Architecture could not stay away from such changes. She tried to assert his claim to the new territory. Do something similar happen today?

Beatriz Colomina - architectural historian, the Founding Director of Media and Modernity Program at Princeton. Most of Beatriz works are dedicated to architecture and modern institutions of representation, in particular the print media, photography, advertising, cinema and television. Her best-known works are: Privacy and Publicity:Modern Architecture as Mass Media (International Award of the American Institute of Architects 1995), Sexuality and Space (International Book Award 1993). Beatriz has lectured around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Architectural Institute of Japan in Tokyo, Center for Contemporary Art and Architecture in Stockholm.

After the lecture there will be a discussion «New architectural education».

Participants:

Beatriz Colomina - architectural historian, the Founding Director of Media and Modernity Program at Princeton

Nikita Tokarev - architect, director at The Moscow School of Architecture (MARCH)

Brendan McGetrick -  writer, lecturer at Strelka Institute, co-curator Fair Enough in the Russian pavilion at the Venice Architecture Biennale

Moderator:

Anna Poznyak -  Strelka Institute alumni, analyst at the Program Committee of the Moscow Urban Forum”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.touchwoodeditions.com/at-home-with-carla-bergman/">
    <title>At Home with carla bergman - TouchWood Editions</title>
    <dc:date>2020-04-02T15:44:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.touchwoodeditions.com/at-home-with-carla-bergman/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“And, alongside this hard stuff, are many hopeful cracks that are providing infinite possibilities to emerge, ones that together we can imagine and enact a better world with, post COVID-19”

…

Helen Hughes: “I am so embedded in my culture, it’s hard to know what is the essence of me and what is the result of conditioning.”

Helen Hughes: “I realize that my worldview includes casting about for unusual solutions for seemingly intractable problems. I don’t see things as either this or that. I see the world as a place of outrageously improbable solutions that astoundingly work.”

Helen Hughes: “The Right seems more capable of coming up with simplistic ideologies that tap into visceral support, while the Left seems to want to fine-tune to perfection before going into action.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/education/322671/the-democratic-design-of-david-mary-medd/">
    <title>The Democratic Design of David &amp; Mary Medd - Architecture - e-flux</title>
    <dc:date>2020-03-20T21:21:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/education/322671/the-democratic-design-of-david-mary-medd/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The layout of the Medds’ early Hertfortshire schools didn’t support progressive teaching practices; they were still based on self-contained classrooms. However, the architecture was tailored to the scale of the child, with low window sills to see out of, lightweight furniture easily moveable by children, connection to the outdoors in each classroom, and decorative arts integrated into the design for stimulating intellectual development. The Hertfortshire schools allowed for guiding principles to be established for a child-centered school design that was further developed by Mary in the following decades. “Schools had to be broken up in bulk and not look industrial… Children should be able to see out of windows… The main entrance of the school should be used by children as well as adults.”"

...

"The Thatcher Revolution in Schools: “A Profession Brought to Heel”
Subsequent shifts in government, approach, and ambition coupled with a changing social and economic context ended the golden era of post-war school design in England. Margaret Thatcher, who served as Minister of Education from 1970–1974, clashed with the educational establishment at the time. Once in power as prime minister, she introduced “profound change in the ecology of education,” heralding the beginning of a new regime in education.

With a shift in emphasis away from progressive child-centered education models to a more military style approach to education, teachers ultimately lost control of the classroom in terms of curriculum, design, and use of space. Architecturally, the introduction of the National Curriculum in 1988 resulted in locking down spatial opportunities and a return to the former hegemonic classroom model that the Plowden era schools had attempted to move away from.

The process of erosion of progressive values in public sector schooling, which began in the 1970s with Thatcher, has resulted today in an educational system far from what the Medds sought to support through their work. According to Michael Fielding and Peter Moss, the neoliberal agenda for education, which focuses on standardization, results, ratings, and increasing competition between schools, “impedes education’s ability to work with new and important understandings of children, knowledge and learning, which emphasize diversity and complexity.”

Tightening regulation in school design coupled with today’s political context of austerity has effectively eliminated the opportunity for schools to make significant structural or curricular changes from within. With the annulation of the Building Schools for the Future program in 2010, building new or extending existing public sector schools in the UK is limited. Between 1950–1970, teachers could author both the content of the school curriculum and their method of delivering it. “By contrast now a range of external influences dictates the nature of the experience—measurable outcomes and answerability of schools and individuals within them to parental and government pressure.”

Public education is a collective task, “a subject of civic interest and a responsibility of all citizens: the public in public education.” Faced with a crisis in terms of the climate emergency as well as the global rise of nationalism and individualism, emphasis in school design needs to return to becoming a more collective endeavor, focused on the creation of “caring” communities. Michael Fielding’s question remains of “how might we develop a radical education with democracy as a fundamental value and the common school as a basic public institution in a truly democratic society?”

A common undercurrent in progressive educational thinking and associated architectural models are the core principles of the rights of the child. What these approaches have in common is the mutual desire to support the natural inquisitiveness of childhood by spatially providing for the multiple possibilities of learning. As Colin Ward advocates, “in the ideal city, every school would be a productive workshop and every workshop an effective school.” Perhaps it is time to revisit the humane functionalism of the Medds, where architecture might again acknowledge that “children are the basis of school design.”"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.self-directed.org/tp/education-is-a-political-act/">
    <title>(Self-Directed) Education is a Political Act | Alliance for Self-Directed Education</title>
    <dc:date>2020-02-11T21:07:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.self-directed.org/tp/education-is-a-political-act/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“With that said, I created the following diagram as a visual aid to help understand the many various SDE methods at work, how they generally are similar and different, how their sense of “freedom” is ideologically politicized, and how they are allied as trust based models in contrast with fear based counterparts in the top section of the diagram. This diagram seeks not to pigeonhole any one model into a political ideology but rather to provide a broad understanding of where each model lies on a spectrum of definitions and methodologies of “freedom” and education as a political act.

[image: “A chart showing fear based and trust based models of education"]

Since freedom is rooted and established in trust, the act of stripping away that freedom starts with fear and control. Therefore, I have simply distinguished these two overarching philosophies into “Fear Based” and “Trust Based” categories. The fear based models of education are out of scope for this article (for more on that, start with this excellent article). However, I want to briefly touch upon why “Democratic Schools” are listed under this category. Note that “Free Schools” are listed under the trust based model; while most Free Schools are also democratic, it is possible to have democratic decision-making in fear based schools (e.g. “Vote on whether we’re studying the Nile or the Pyramids first…”) This distinction is not always clear and earlier in my research caused me a lot of confusion, especially in my travels to Europe where I learned that visiting a “democratic” school did not necessarily mean I could expect the school to be self-directed as well. It is also important to note that often (but not always) this did not mean the educators there were not interested in SDE. Rather, they were often working constrained by laws that make SDE illegal in countries like Greece, Turkey and Germany. Meanwhile, in the United States the adoption of democratic education within conventional schools can also be seen in classroom meeting trends and in the work of organizations like the Institute for Democratic Education in America (IDEA).

On the “trust based” side of the diagram, most notable might be that I have placed unschooling under all three political ideologies. Unschooling is certainly the most difficult SDE methodology to pin down, since it is practiced for so many different reasons and in so many different ways. I broke it down into three general sub-groups:

- Self-Governed Unschoolers under the Libertarian label are generally those unschoolers looking for independence from institutionalization. These are families who are focused on the liberation of their learners. While they might be a part of some collective or taking classes in various places, ultimately their focus is their own freedom and learning, not the welfare of any collective or group they may temporarily be a part of.

- Decolonizing Unschoolers is best described by Zakiyya Ismail, who simply wrote, “It is about stepping out of an oppressive system and into a liberatory one.”20 For these unschoolers, this is not just about independence of one’s own learning; it is also about dismantling the oppressive system of conventional schooling in order to create an equitable world, and so, this model fits well under the Anarchism label.

- Communal Unschoolers is admittedly a term I made up for clarification and distinction in this diagram. However, this is a very real type of unschooling, a type that I run across often in my own work with unschoolers. Communal Unschoolers are families who unschool as a collective in order to make it possible to do so for each individual family. There’s a reliance on each other and a buy-in in order for each learner to be able to unschool. Therefore, this model fits best under the label of Socialism.

As for schools and centers, I’ve placed Sudbury Schools and Liberated Learners under the Libertarian umbrella. Liberated Learners are listed here for the same previously mentioned reason that Self-Governed Unschoolers are in this category. And while Sudbury Schools are communities, their standard of no adult offerings and policy of barring parent involvement align with the notion of learning based primarily on the individual’s needs. Their School Meeting and Judicial Committee structures reflect the Libertarian idea that governance is necessary but should be made as small as is necessary to maintain autonomy.

I have listed Free Schools and Summerhill on the other end of the spectrum, under the Socialist label. While individual freedom is certainly valued highly in these schools, Summerhill and Free Schools generally emphasize being a collective reliant on communal equity. In contrast to Sudbury Schools, these schools generally have communal offerings (or classes in the case of Summerhill) and often rely on parent involvement in the community (or the adult “House Parents” and older youth “Beddies” who foster a sense of “family” at Summerhill, which is a boarding school). There is a real sense that a culture needs to be developed for a healthy learning atmosphere to thrive (much like the nineteenth century SDE Swiss educational reformer Johann Pestalozzi’s premise that an “emotionally secure environment” needs to be present for “successful learning” to take place).

Judith Suissa compares Summerhill to the third category listed in the diagram, anarchism, when she writes, “What Neill was really after was an appreciation of freedom for its own sake– a far cry from the social anarchists, who viewed freedom… as an inherent aspect of creating a society based on mutual aid, socio-economic equality and cooperation.”22 From this reasoning, I have placed in the anarchistic category Agile Learning Centers, as well as the more obvious Free Skools and Modern Schools (which directly declare/d themselves anarchistic). Agile Learning Centers were a direct reaction to the Free School model, retooling and reframing Free School practices for meetings, conflict resolution, and so on. These consent driven structures and nonhierarchical systems align with anarchist ideologies. Additionally, the ALC Network’s intentional dedication to social justice and equity separate it from the other SDE models and also fall under the definition of anarchistic values.

With all of this said, it is important to remember that each individual and each center is different, and that such diagrams are only useful as a general guide to understanding the methodologies. At the same time, this comparison of SDE models to political ideologies is also an important reminder that, while one does not need to support radical politics to believe in SDE, a young person practicing Self-Directed Education will experience radical freedom and trust based ideologies, and those experiences will influence the development of their framing of the world. The same is also true of children being raised in conventional fear based environments, different as the politically ideological implications may themselves be.

Articulating these SDE model differences while holding as foundational their trust based alliance is a practice intended to establish a greater bond. With this understanding, all of us in this world of Self-Directed Education can learn more from one another. During this time period where partisanship is dividing humanity so severely, it is important to remember our similarities and to remember that all individuals, regardless of political beliefs or educational beliefs or any other beliefs that diversify humanity, all deserve to be approached with respect and kindness. I am proud to be in alliance with other members of this trust based Self-Directed Education movement, and I celebrate our many flavors and methods.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.thenation.com/article/the-weirdness-and-joy-of-black-mountain-college/">
    <title>The Weirdness and Joy of Black Mountain College | The Nation</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-15T17:15:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.thenation.com/article/the-weirdness-and-joy-of-black-mountain-college/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Can the art of teaching art be exhibited? No, but people keep trying."

...

"Can art be taught? That question isn’t as old or as hoary as one might imagine. For many centuries, artists were taught, either through a studio apprenticeship or, later, in a formal academy. It only became possible to think of art as something different in the 19th century, when the old system fell apart and it seemed conceivable that anyone could be an artist. But very few people were. Perhaps being an artist was the result of some peculiar inner drive or necessity, some genius that burned in certain kinds of people—something they were born with rather than something that they learned. The question has by now fueled two centuries’ worth of bar banter, family quarrels, and panel discussions. What keeps the conversation going is that many of the people who say that art can’t be taught still make their living by teaching it. Teaching does have its own rewards, and so does trying to learn, whether the learning “takes” or not.

A related question is easier to answer: Can the art of teaching art be exhibited? No, but people keep trying. The ambitious show “Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933–1957,” at the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston, is the latest such effort. (It will be on view at the Hammer Museum at the University of California, Los Angeles, from February 21 to May 15, and then at the Wexner Center for the Arts at Ohio State University in Columbus from September 17 to January 1, 2017. A handsome catalog is available from Yale University Press.) In fact, Black Mountain exhibitions have become a genre unto themselves. “Leap Before You Look,” curated by Helen Molesworth, formerly of the ICA/Boston and now at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, is the fourth that I know of. The first, which I saw in 2002, was “Black Mountain College: Una Aventura Americana,” curated by Vincent Katz, at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid. Then came “Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College 1933–1957,” curated by Caroline Collier and Michael Harrison, at the Arnolfini in Bristol, England, and Kettle’s Yard, University of Cambridge, in 2005 and 2006. And last summer, I paid a visit to the Hamburger Bahnhof Museum für Gegenwart in Berlin, which mounted “Black Mountain: An Interdisciplinary Experiment 1933–1957,” curated by Eugen Blume and Gabriele Knapstein.

Why the recurring preoccupation with a short-lived, unaccredited school at the back of beyond, which never had enough students to pay its way? It could be the school’s believe-it-or-not story and how, the more you learn about it, the more unlikely it seems. The tale begins in 1933, when an unorthodox, arrogant classics professor named John Andrew Rice and several of his colleagues were purged from Rollins College in Florida. A number of their fellow professors resigned in protest, and some students withdrew as well. Bent on starting a college of their own, they found a complex of buildings for rent near Asheville, North Carolina, and some start-up money—but not much. At first, the faculty worked without salaries, but at least they owned the joint: The papers of incorporation specified that “the sole membership of the corporation” would be “the whole body of the faculty.” In other words, there was no board of directors and no non-teaching administration either, so the instructors had no other masters than themselves.

There was splendor and misery at Black Mountain, which was run according to the will of its teachers and, to a great extent, its students. The faculty believed that the curriculum should reflect what the students needed or desired to learn. This principle runs contrary not only to the present conception of the student as a consumer or client who is to be supplied with certain knowledge, but also to the designs of the conservative governors of North Carolina, Wisconsin, and other states, who believe that they should have the final say over what’s being taught and who’s doing the teaching at their state colleges and universities. At Black Mountain, teachers and students committed themselves to shared undertakings, the educational equivalent of socialism: from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs."

...

"Black Mountain’s founder had in his own way anticipated the Maoist doctrine of continuous revolution. “At one time Rice said he thought the college should disperse every ten years into smaller units,” recalled M.C. Richards, the English professor turned potter who’d been instrumental in bringing Olson to the campus. “This was to avoid too much stability. It was to be faithful to the chaos out of which creativity constellates.” No one was better at cultivating chaos and spangling the atmosphere with its constellations than Olson. Who else would have thought of suggesting to a fellow poet, Robert Creeley, that he fill in as a teacher of biology? When Creeley pointed out that he’d never studied the subject, even in high school, Olson “said, ‘Terrific, you can learn something,’” Creeley recalled. “Subsequently, I realized that teaching is teaching. It has, paradoxically, nothing to do with the subject.” In other words, true learning, as described by Jacques Rancière in The Ignorant Schoolmaster, is fostered by teaching what one does not know.

As Rancière wrote, this kind of education can never be institutionalized; “it is the natural method of the human mind,” yet everything works against it. No wonder Black Mountain could never come to terms with the outside world or itself. Robert Duncan, in his extraordinary poem “The Song of the Border-Guard”—shown in “Leap Before You Look” as a broadside accompanied by a Twombly linocut—imagines “a barbarian host at the border-line of sense.” Which side of the border was Black Mountain on? Were its denizens the barbarians readying themselves to overcome the common sense of Eisenhower’s America, or were they guardians of a deeper sense of life and learning against the yahoo horde surrounding them? No matter. “The enamourd guards desert their posts / harkening to the lion-smell of a poem / that rings in their ears.” And the poem of Black Mountain still rings in ours."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/09/college-students-think-they-learn-less-with-an-effective-teaching-method/">
    <title>College students think they learn less with an effective teaching method | Ars Technica</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-11T07:37:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/09/college-students-think-they-learn-less-with-an-effective-teaching-method/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["One of the things that's amenable to scientific study is how we communicate information about science. Science education should, in theory at least, produce a scientifically literate public and prepare those most interested in the topic for advanced studies in their chosen field. That clearly hasn't worked out, so people have subjected science education itself to the scientific method.

What they've found is that an approach called active learning (also called active instruction) consistently produces the best results. This involves pushing students to work through problems and reason things out as an inherent part of the learning process.

Even though the science on that is clear, most college professors have remained committed to approaching class time as a lecture. In fact, a large number of instructors who try active learning end up going back to the standard lecture, and one of the reasons they cite is that the students prefer it that way. This sounds a bit like excuse making, so a group of instructors decided to test this belief using physics students. And it turns out professors weren't making an excuse. Even as understanding improved with active learning, the students felt they got more out of a traditional lecture."

...

"Explanations abound
So why is an extremely effective way of teaching so unpopular? The researchers come up with a number of potential explanations. One is simply that active learning is hard. "Students in the actively taught groups had to struggle with their peers through difficult physics problems that they initially did not know how to solve," the authors acknowledge. That's a big contrast with the standard lecture which, being the standard, is familiar to the students. A talented instructor can also make their lecture material feel like it's a straight-forward, coherent packet of information. This can lead students to over-rate their familiarity with the topic.

The other issue the authors suggest may be going on here is conceptually similar to the Dunning-Kruger effect, where people who don't understand a topic are unable to accurately evaluate how much they knew. Consistent with this, the researchers identified the students with the strongest backgrounds in physics, finding that they tended to be more accurate in assessing what they got out of each class.

Whatever the cause, it's not ideal to have students dislike the most effective method of teaching them. So, the authors suggest that professors who are considering adopting active learning take the time to prepare a little lecture on it. The researchers prepared one that described the active learning process and provided some evidence of its effectiveness. The introduction acknowledged the evidence described above—namely, that the students might not feel like they were getting as much out of the class.

In part thanks to this short addition to the class, by the end of the semester, 65% of the students reported feeling positive toward active learning. That's still not exactly overwhelming enthusiasm, but it might be enough to keep instructors from giving up on an extremely effective teaching technique."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/09/03/1821936116">
    <title>Measuring actual learning versus feeling of learning in response to being actively engaged in the classroom | PNAS</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-11T07:37:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/09/03/1821936116</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Despite active learning being recognized as a superior method of instruction in the classroom, a major recent survey found that most college STEM instructors still choose traditional teaching methods. This article addresses the long-standing question of why students and faculty remain resistant to active learning. Comparing passive lectures with active learning using a randomized experimental approach and identical course materials, we find that students in the active classroom learn more, but they feel like they learn less. We show that this negative correlation is caused in part by the increased cognitive effort required during active learning. Faculty who adopt active learning are encouraged to intervene and address this misperception, and we describe a successful example of such an intervention."]]></description>
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    <title>The Pedagogy of Design in the Age of Computation: Taeyoon Choi - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2019-05-08T07:27:54+00:00</dc:date>
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<item rdf:about="https://austinkleon.com/2019/02/05/do-what-you-love-in-front-of-the-kids-in-your-life/">
    <title>Love what you do in front of the kids in your life</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-08T22:17:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://austinkleon.com/2019/02/05/do-what-you-love-in-front-of-the-kids-in-your-life/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["“Your kids… They don’t remember what you try to teach them. They remember what you are.” 
—Jim Henson

“Attitudes are caught, not taught.”
—Fred Rogers

Fiona Apple once admitted that she doesn’t want kids, but she spends a lot of time buying and reading parenting books. The interviewer said, “So you’re the parent and the child.” Apple replied, “Well, I mean, you always have to be.”

Every time I read a piece like Pamela Paul’s “Let Children Get Bored Again,” I want to cross out the word “children” and write “us.”

Let children us get bored again.
Let children us play.
Let children us go outside.

Etc.

The problem with parenting tips is that the best way to help your children become the kind of person you want them to be is by surrounding them with the kinds of people you want them to be. This includes you.

You can’t tell kids anything. Kids want to be like adults. They want to do what the adults are doing. You have to let them see adults behaving like the whole, human beings you’d like them to be.

If we want to raise whole human beings, we have to become whole human beings ourselves.

This is the really, really hard work.

Want your kids to read more? Let them see you reading every day.

Want your kids to practice an instrument? Let them see you practicing an instrument.

Want your kids to spend more time outside? Let them see you without your phone.

There’s no guarantee that your kids will copy your modeling, but they’ll get a glimpse of an engaged human.  As my twitter pal, Lori Pickert, author of Project-Based Homeschooling, tweeted a few years ago:

<blockquote>parents keep trying to push their kids toward certain interests when it works so much better to just dig into those interests yourself

oh, wait .. those aren’t YOUR interests? so you don’t want to dig into them? they aren’t your child’s interests either; why would THEY?

joyfully dig into your own interests and share all the ensuing wins, frustrations, struggles, successes

let your kids love what they love

when you share your learning and doing, you don’t make them also love (whatever); you DO show them how great it is to do meaningful work</blockquote>

If you spend more time in your life doing the things that you love and that you feel are worthwhile, the kids in your life will get hip to what that looks like.

“If adults can show what they love in front of kids, there’ll be some child who says, ‘I’d like to be like that!’ or ‘I’d like to do that!’” said Fred Rogers. He told a story about a sculptor in a nursery school he was working in when he was getting his master’s degree in child development:

[video: "Mister Rogers - attitudes are caught, not taught"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDojoOiKLuc]

<blockquote>There was a man who would come every week to sculpt in front of the kids. The director said, “I don’t want you to teach sculpting, I want you to do what you do and love it in front of the children.” During that year, clay was never used more imaginatively, before or after…. A great gift of any adult to a child, it seems to me, is to love what you do in front of the child. I mean, if you love to bicycle, if you love to repair things, do that in front of the children. Let them catch the attitude that that’s fun. Because you know, attitudes are caught, not taught.”</blockquote>

It’s like a Show Your Work! lesson for parenting: Show the kids in your life the work that you love."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/@that_mc/viewtiful-muni-54fd7f2d885">
    <title>Viewtiful Muni – Mc Allen – Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2019-01-28T03:05:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/@that_mc/viewtiful-muni-54fd7f2d885</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As the Chronicle gears up for a mysterious Total Muni Sequel, Peter reached out to subscribers for input on ranking the best–and worst–of San Francisco’s Muni lines. I threw my hat enthusiastically into the ring by proposing an entire route of Muni lines which offer stunning views of the city. I haven’t actually tried to complete this route, which involves ten transfers and nearly eight miles of walking. I think it’s possible as a whole day trip beginning at dawn and finishing after dark. I tweeted step by step directions, but twitter doesn’t make it exactly read-able, so I thought I’d make it more accessible as a post here. And I made a map!"

[See also:
https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/The-5-best-Muni-lines-in-San-Francisco-your-13559760.php ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://sudburyvalley.org/article/lets-be-clear-sudbury-valley-school-and-un-schooling-have-nothing-common">
    <title>Let’s Be Clear: Sudbury Valley School and “Un-schooling” Have NOTHING in Common | Sudbury Valley School</title>
    <dc:date>2019-01-24T00:54:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://sudburyvalley.org/article/lets-be-clear-sudbury-valley-school-and-un-schooling-have-nothing-common</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[See also this response: "SVS/Unschooling Controversy" 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22N5WaTXNrc ]

"All in all, the contrasts—perhaps better labeled as “contradictions”—between the principles underlying homeschooling and those of Sudbury Valley lead to an important outcome, that is well worth recognizing: for the most part, any marriage between the two ends up in an unpleasant parting of ways. From a recruitment point of view, it is always best for those involved in the admissions process at SVS to do their best to discourage unschoolers from enrolling, or at least warn them of the possible pitfalls of such a move. From the point of view of unschooling families thinking about finding an “unschooling school” where their children could spend time away from home, while still being basically homeschooled in the way the family would like them to be, it is always best to look somewhere else.

Actually, the most concise summing-up was given by the person who made homeschooling famous: John Holt. Here is what Pat Farenga, a leading advocate for homeschooling/unschooling, reported he learned from his mentor:

I’ve been asked to define unschooling since 1981. The simple answer I learned from John is unschooling is NOT school.

And, as John Holt himself informed us directly when he looked into our school at the time of its founding in 1968, unschooling is most certainly NOT Sudbury Valley School."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22N5WaTXNrc">
    <title>SVS/Unschooling Controversy - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2019-01-24T00:48:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22N5WaTXNrc</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This is a commentary on the currently controversial article by Daniel Greenberg https://sudburyvalley.org/article/lets-be-clear-sudbury-valley-school-and-un-schooling-have-nothing-common . The article is not summarised during the commentary so it will be necessary to read it before listening. Further discussion is available to join on the forums at www.self-directed.org. 

"Differences Between Self-Directed and Progressive Education" can be read here https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/comment/924407 . This commentary is offered by Jeanna L Clements in her private capacity and does not represent any other individual or collective. Please feel free to share. Thank you."]]></description>
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    <title>David Graeber - Syria, Anarchism and Visiting Rojava - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2019-01-09T06:30:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqfoJvD0Ifg</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In the last part of our interview, a special 20 minute discussion with anthropologist David Graeber about anarchism, Syria, building a new kind of democracy, the bureaucracy of activism and his visit to Rojava where the building of a new kind of society is underfoot."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/nickkauf/status/1071196293001830400">
    <title>Nick Kaufmann on Twitter: &quot;Civic tech needs to study history and explore the &quot;usable past&quot;. Everyone in #civictech / @codeforamerica network should read Professor Light's upcoming book States of Childhood, ill attempt to summarize her talk below, although</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-14T21:51:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/nickkauf/status/1071196293001830400</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[this is the event:
https://architecture.mit.edu/computation/lecture/playing-city-building ]

[thread contains many images]

"Civic tech needs to study history and explore the "usable past". Everyone in #civictech / @codeforamerica network should read Professor Light's upcoming book States of Childhood, ill attempt to summarize her talk below, although it's only what i could grasp in an hour or so.

https://twitter.com/nickkauf/status/1071162000145817601
At @mitsap tonight tweeting about Jennifer Light's lecture "playing at city building" #urbanism #education #civictech 

Light opened the talk with the observation that more disciplines are looking to study history to "look forward by looking backward" #civicfutures #usablepast

In #civictech we know this isnt the first government reform movement with a "techie spin" in the world or us. At the last turn of the century, anxieties about cities birthed the "good government movement" the "googoos" were reformers kinda like #civichackers of today

Like @codeforamerica and also #smartcities boosters, the goo-goos  believed scientific models and tech tools were a source of progress. They were worried about "boss rule" and wanted to "rationalize government" compare to cfa's mottos today

After discussing the good govt movement, Lights set the historical context of shifting expectations around young people's behavior. Child labor laws did not stop children from working however, it was just framed as "play" now

In this context early models of vocational education and educational simulations emerged, including William R. George's "model republic" movement. @Erie @pahlkadot model republics were all over the usa, not as franchised like #cfabrigade but more grassroots diffusion of the idea

There were miniature republics run by children in boston(Cottage Row), Cleveland (Progress  City) Philadelphia (Playground City), etc, where children worked as real pretend public servants

media coverage of the time hailed these civic simulations as educational opportunity/chance for a "second life" for youth. Some of the tenement kids that George put into his program ended up in ivy league schools, and as lawyers, Pub. Servants and admins of their own model cities

The educational theories at the time of the model republics were very similar to today's trends of "gamification" "experiential learning" etc. Light referenced Stanley Hall (imitation/impersonation) and 'identity play'

Long before Bateson and Goffman were muddling the boundary between seriousness/play, model republics were also using that ambiguity to educate and also cut costs of programs literally built and maintained by children. Imagine 1000 kids and 3 admins

John Dewey's philosophy of learning by doing was also heavily referenced in the talk, as George took great inspiration from him and Dewey was a supporter of the model republics.

Light stressed just how much model republic citizens did in their pretend-real jobs, building housing, policing, data collection, safety inspections, and they did it so well that they often circumvented the adult systems. Why send some1 to adult court when junior court works?

This dynamic reminded me so much of #civichackers today with our pretend jobs and weekly hack night play that quickly turns into real jobs for our cities

Another point Light made was that the model republics were very much about assimilation of immigrants into a certain set of white american middleclass values. But before rise of consumerism those values heavily emphasized DIY/activecitizenship/production.

One reason for the decline of the model republics might have been the rise of consumerism and passive consumption valued over production. But we still have things like model U.N. and vocational programs, vestiges of this time.

Again today we have a perceived need to train people for the "new economy", so what can #civictech #civicinnovation #smartcities learn from looking back to historical examples? For one thing, we learn that youth contribution to civic innovation is important and undervalued

When model republics were introduced into schools the educational outcomes were not the only advantage, they saved schools gobs of money through "user generated" labor. Again think about civictech volunteerism today...

At Emerson School, Light said, kids were even repairing the electrical system. And in some cities kids would  stand in for the mayor at real events.

Heres a page describing the establishment of a self-governing body of newsboys in Milwaukee https://www.marquette.edu/cgi-bin/cuap/db.cgi?uid=default&ID=4167&view=Search&mh=1 …

Light closed the talk by remarking on the "vast story of children's unacknowledged labor in the creation of urban America". slide shows how their labor was hidden behind play. Although they couldnt work in factories,can you call it "play" if it involved *building* the playground?

Although Light's upcoming book focuses on America, she said there were civic simulations like this in many countries including the Phillipines, China, England, France...

Model republics were not however a well connected, branded international civic movement like modern #civictech. Light said that while they were promoted at national educational conferences on education or public housing, George lamented not having control of the brand/vision

The result of George's lack of guidelines and a organizational network of model republic practiciorners was many different, idiosyncratic models run by different ppl in different places. @pahlkadot George really needed a  "National Advisory Council" it seems!

For example an Indiana model republic the kids put on their own circuses! George thought some model republics werent following his original values/vision but couldnt do much about it...another theme in #civictech now Fortunately @Open_Maine is allowed to be weirdos too @elburnett

Light emphasized that although the model republics were a tool to assimilate children into a set of values (presumably including colonial, racist, patriarchal, capitalist ones) they were also a site of agency where kids experimented and innovated.

For example, girls in coeducational model republics held public offices and launched voting rights campaigns before the women' suffrage movement gained the rights in the "real" world. Given the power of the republics to do real work this wasnt just a symbolic achievement.

George for his part believed that the kids should figure out model republics for themselves, even if it meant dystopian civics. One model republic kept prisoners in a literal iron cage before eventually abolishing the prison.

Light's talk held huge lessons for the #civictech movement, and the model republic movement is just one of many pieces of history that can be a "usable past" for us. every civic tech brigade should have a "historian" role!

At @Open_Maine weve always been looking back to look forward although I didnt have the "usable past" vocabulary until I saw professor Light's talk today. @ajawitz @elburnett and I have consciously explored history in promoting civic tech in Maine.Other brigades are doing this too

For example, early @Open_Maine (code for maine) posters consciously referenced civilian conservation corps aesthetic #usablepast

We also made a 100y link w/ charitable mechanics movement @MaineMechanics makerspace never happened but @semateos became president and aligned org. with modern #makermovement. we host civichackathons there. #mainekidscode class is in same room that held free drawingclass 100y ago

So you can see why Light's talk has my brain totally buzzing. After all, @Open_Maine  has been dreaming of #civicisland, an experiential #civictech summer camp! Were currently applying to @MozOpenLeaders to develop open source experiential civictech curricula we could use for it.

Next steps here: I want to write an article about the "usable past" concept for #civictech. So if your brigade is engaged with history I wanna talk to you. @JBStephens1 was it you talking about the rotary club model on slack? @CodeForPhilly didnt you make a history timeline?"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/audreywatters/status/1063582830821728256">
    <title>Audrey Watters on Twitter: &quot;I'm sorry. But I have a rant about &quot;personalized learning&quot; https://t.co/lgVgCZBae7&quot;</title>
    <dc:date>2018-11-20T06:14:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/audreywatters/status/1063582830821728256</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I'm sorry. But I have a rant about "personalized learning" https://www.npr.org/2018/11/16/657895964/the-future-of-learning-well-it-s-personal

"Personalized learning" is not new. Know your history. It predates "Silicon Valley" and it pre-dates educational computing and it most certainly pre-dates Khan Academy and it pre-dates Sal Khan.

Even the way in which Sal Khan describes "personalized learning" -- "students move at their own pace" until they've mastered a question or topic -- is very, very old.

Educational psychologists have been building machines to do this -- supposedly to function like a tutor -- for almost 100 years.

The push to "personalize" education *with machines* has been happening for over a century thanks to educational psychology AND of course educational testing. This push is also deeply intertwined with ideas about efficiency and individualism. (& as such it is profoundly American)

Stop acting like "personalized learning" is this brand new thing just because the ed-tech salespeople and ed reformers want you to buy it. Maybe start asking why all these efforts have failed in the past -- with and without machines. Ever heard of the Dalton Plan, for example?

And good god, don't say past efforts failed because computers are so amazing today. School software sucks. People who tell you otherwise are liars.

Also: as democracy seems to be collapsing all around us, perhaps it's not such a fine time to abandoned shared intellectual spaces and shared intellectual understanding, eh? Perhaps we should be talking about more communal, democratic practices and less personalized learning?

Also: stop taking people seriously who talk about the history of school and the only book they seem to have read on the topic is one by John Taylor Gatto. Thanks in advance.

(On the other hand, keep it up. This all makes a perfect Introduction for my book)"]]></description>
<dc:subject>personalization personalizedlearning 2018 audreywatters history education edtech siliconvalley memory salkhan khanacademy psychology testing individualism efficiency democracy daltonplan johntaylorgatto communalism lcproject openstudioproject sfsh tcsnmy collectivism us salmankhan</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/freedom-learn/201706/differences-between-self-directed-and-progressive-education">
    <title>Differences Between Self-Directed and Progressive Education | Psychology Today</title>
    <dc:date>2018-11-03T23:21:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/freedom-learn/201706/differences-between-self-directed-and-progressive-education</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Self-Directed Education, not progressive education, is the wave of the future."

…

"I’ve found that when I speak or write about Self-Directed Education some people mistakenly believe that I’m speaking or writing about progressive education.  Progressive education has many of the same goals as Self-Directed Education, and its advocates use much of the same language, but the foundational philosophy is quite different and the methodology is very different.  In what follows I’ll review the basic tenets of progressive education, then review those of Self-Directed Education, and, finally, explain why I think the latter, not the former, will become the standard mode of education in the not-too-distant future."

…

"To the advocate of Self-Directed Education, it is the child’s brilliance, not a teacher’s, that enables excellent education.  The job of adults who facilitate Self-Directed Education is less onerous than that of teachers in progressive education.  In Self-Directed Education adults do not need to have great knowledge of every subject a student might want to learn, do not have to understand the inner workings of every child’s mind, and do not have to be masters of pedagogy (whatever on earth that might be).  Rather, they simply have to be sure that the child is provided with an environment that allows the child’s natural educative instincts to operate effectively.  As I have argued elsewhere (here and here), that is an environment in which the child (a) has unlimited time and freedom to play and explore; (b) has access to the most useful tools of the culture; (c) is embedded in a caring community of people who range widely in age and exemplify a wide variety of skills, knowledge, and ideas; and (d) has access to a number of adults who are willing to answer questions (or try to answer them) and provide help when asked.  This is the kind of environment that is established at schools or learning centers designed for Self-Directed Education, and it is also the kind of environment that successful unschooling families provide for their children.

Education, in this view, is not a collaboration of student and a teacher; it is entirely the responsibility of the student.  While progressive educators continue to see it as their responsibility to ensure that students acquire certain knowledge, skills, and values, and to evaluate students’ progress, facilitators of Self-Directed Education do not see that as their responsibility. While progressive education is on a continuum with traditional education, Self-Directed Education represents a complete break from traditional education.

I wish here to introduce a distinction, which has not been made explicit before (not even in my own writing), between, Self-Directed Education, with capital letters, and self-directed education, without capitals.  I propose that Self-Directed Education be used to refer to the education of children, of K-12 school age, whose families have made a deliberate decision that the children will educate themselves by following their own interests, without being subjected to an imposed curriculum, either in or out of school.  I propose further that self-directed education, without capitals, be used in a more generic sense to refer to something that every human being is engaged in essentially every waking minute of every day.  We are all, constantly, educating ourselves as we pursue our interests, make our living, and strive to solve problems in our daily lives.  Most of what any of us know—regardless of how much curriculum-based schooling we have attended—has come from self-directed education."

…

"Progressive educators often cite Rousseau as an early proponent of their views. Rousseau’s sole work on education was his book Émile, first published in 1760, which is a fictional account of the education of a single boy.  If this book has any real-world application at all it would be to the education of a prince.  Émile’s teacher is a tutor, whose sole job, sole mission in life, is the education of this one boy, a teacher-student ratio of one to one.  The tutor, by Rousseau’s description, is a sort of superhero.  He is not only extraordinarily knowledgeable in all subjects, but he understands Émile inside and out, more so than it is ever possible (I would say) for any actual human being to understand another human being.  He knows all of the boy’s desires, at any given time, and he knows exactly what stimuli to provide at any time to maximize the educational benefits that will accrue from the boy’s acting on those desires.  Thus, the tutor creates an environment in which Émile is always doing just what he wants to do, yet is learning precisely the lessons that the tutor has masterfully laid out for him. 

I think if more educators actually read Émile, rather than just referred to it, they would recognize the basic flaw in progressive educational theory. It is way too demanding of teachers to be practical on any sort of mass scale, and it makes unrealistic assumptions about the predictability and visibility of human desires and motives.  [For more on my analysis of Émile, see here.]  At best, on a mass scale, progressive education can simply help to modulate the harshness of traditional methods and add a bit of self-direction and creativity to students’ lives in school.

In contrast to progressive education, Self-Directed Education is inexpensive and efficient.  The Sudbury Valley School, for example, which is approaching its 50th anniversary, operates on a per student budget less than half that of the local public schools (for more on this school, see here and here).  A large ratio of adults to students is not needed, because most student learning does not come from interaction with adults.  In this age-mixed setting, younger students are continuously learning from older ones, and children of all ages practice essential skills and try out ideas in their play, exploration, conversations, and pursuits of whatever interests they develop.  They also, on their own initiative, use books and, in today’s world, Internet resources to acquire the knowledge they are seeking at any given time. 

The usual criticism of Self-Directed Education is that it can’t work, or can work only for certain, highly self-motivated people.  In fact, progressive educators are often quick to draw a distinction between their view of education and that of Self-Directed Education, because they don’t want their view to be confused with ideas that they consider to be “romantic” or “crazy” and unworkable.  For example, I’m pretty sure that Alfie Kohn had Self-Directed Education in mind when he wrote (here again): “In this cartoon version of the tradition, kids are free to do anything they please, the curriculum can consist of whatever is fun (and nothing that isn’t fun). Learning is thought to happen automatically while the teachers just stand by, observing and beaming. I lack the space here to offer examples of this sort of misrepresentation — or a full account of why it’s so profoundly wrong — but trust me: People really do sneer at the idea of progressive education based on an image that has little to do with progressive education.”

Kohn’s “cartoon” characterization of Self-Directed Education is not quite right—because children do, on their own, regularly choose to do things that aren’t fun in an immediate sense and because staff members don’t just stand around observing and beaming; but, yet, it is not too far off the mark.  And it does work.  Don’t trust me on that; read and think skeptically about the evidence.  Follow-up studies of graduates of schools for Self-Directed Education and of grown unschoolers have shown that people, who educated themselves by following their own interests, are doing very well in life.  You can read much more about this in previous posts on this blog, in various academic articles (e.g. here, here, and here), and in my book Free to Learn. 

Self-Directed Education works because we are biologically designed for it.  Throughout essentially all of human history, children educated themselves by exploring, playing, watching and listening to others, and figuring out and pursuing their own goals in life (e.g. here and Gray, 2016).  In an extensive review of the anthropological literature on education cross-culturally, David Lancy (2016)) concluded that learning—including the learning that comprises education—is natural to human beings, but teaching and being taught is not. Winston Churchill’s claim, “I always like to learn, but I don’t always like to be taught,” is something that anyone, any time, any place, could have said.

Children’s educative instincts still work beautifully, in our modern society, as long as we provide the conditions that enable them to work.  The same instincts that motivated hunter-gatherer children to learn to hunt, gather, and do all that they had to do to become effective adults motivate children in our society to learn to read, calculate with numbers, operate computers, and do all that they have to do to become effective adults (see Gray, 2016).  Self-Directed Education is so natural, so much more pleasant and efficient for everyone than is coercive education, that it seems inevitable to me that it will once again become the standard educational route.  

Coercive schooling has been a blip in human history, designed to serve temporary ends that arose with industrialization and the need to suppress creativity and free will (see here).  Coercive schooling is in the process now of burning itself out, in a kind of final flaring up.  Once people re-discover that Self-Directed Education works, and doesn’t cause the stress and harm that coercive schooling does, and we begin to divert some fraction of the billions of dollars currently spent on coercive education to the provision of resources for Self-Directed Education for all children, Self-Directed Education will once again become the standard educational route.  Then we’ll be able to drop the capital letters.  And then we won’t need progressive education to soften the harsh blows of coercive education."]]></description>
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    <title>Carol Black: Alternatives to Schooling on Vimeo</title>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Carol Black is an education analyst, television producer, and director of the film Schooling the World. This is her plenary talk at the Economics of Happiness conference, held in Portland, Oregon, in February 2015. The conference was organized by Local Futures, a non-profit organization that has been promoting a shift from global to local for nearly 40 years."]]></description>
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    <title>Carol Black: Reclaiming Our Children, Reclaiming Our World - YouTube</title>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.schulraumkultur.at/artikel/2017-02-12-ein-ganzer-ort-macht-schule-br-zwischennutzung-in-feldkirchen-an-der-donau">
    <title>Ein ganzer Ort macht Schule Zwischennutzung in Feldkirchen an der Donau – Blog – schulRAUMkultur</title>
    <dc:date>2018-10-19T22:50:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.schulraumkultur.at/artikel/2017-02-12-ein-ganzer-ort-macht-schule-br-zwischennutzung-in-feldkirchen-an-der-donau</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[translation from: www.DeepL.com/Translator

"A whole place goes to school 
Interim use in Feldkirchen an der Donau
12.02.2017

Feldkirchen an der Donau is cheering and being cheered. A jewel of contemporary school construction and a committed pedagogical practice put this Upper Austrian community in the limelight. There are many reasons why this was successful. One of them was almost overlooked. The temporary use during the construction site period was an impressive feat of courage and cooperation on the part of civil society, preparing the team of female teachers for their practice in the cluster school unintentionally and, after almost 40 years, turning an advanced school concept from the 1970s into reality. The Feldkirchen hiking school is history again - but it has made history in Feldkirchen ...

The details can be read in the download. The text is the slightly revised version of my technical contribution in the magazine schulheft 163, which was published in autumn 2016. The building of fasch&fuchs.architekten, on everyone's lips, can in my opinion be understood more fundamentally, more profoundly, if the prehistory is also taken into account. This would almost be submerged in history. By a lucky coincidence I was able to salvage and secure it. It shows very well how meaningful spatial school development can be for the success of best architecture. 

Meeting room of the parish in use as a school © parish Feldkirchen an der Donau

The use of architecture is a dance with habits. Architects understandably tend not to see the real (not imagined) use anymore. Usage is quickly invisible because "unseen", usage takes place after our creative phase. Therefore, both phases - phase 0, project development, and phase 10, settlement accompaniment - are relevant for school conversions that require laymen to act anew. I will report about it soon - in Leoben I was commissioned for phase 10 at the Bildungszentrum Pestalozzi - an experiment!

The reference to the original contribution in the school book 163: Zinner, Michael (2016): A whole place does school. Text contribution in: Rosenberger, Katharina; Lindner, Doris; Hammerer, Franz (2016, editor): SchulRäume. Insights into the reality of new learning worlds. schulheft 163; 41st year; StudienVerlag Innsbruck. 77–88

A whole place goes to school [.pdf]
http://www.schulraumkultur.at/perch/resources/170206-blog-zinner.michael-2016artikel.schulheft163-ueberarb-ein.ganzer.ort.macht.schule-seite77bis88.pdf "]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://hechingerreport.org/the-learning-experience-is-different-in-schools-that-assign-laptops-a-survey-finds/">
    <title>As more schools assign laptops, students say they learn differently</title>
    <dc:date>2018-09-23T20:24:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://hechingerreport.org/the-learning-experience-is-different-in-schools-that-assign-laptops-a-survey-finds/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["More students report emailing teachers, collaborating with peers in schools with 1:1 programs"

…

"High schoolers assigned a laptop or a Chromebook were more likely to take notes in class, do internet research, create documents to share, collaborate with their peers on projects, check their grades and get reminders about tests or homework due dates. Among high school students assigned these devices, 60 percent said they had emailed their teachers with questions. That’s compared to 42 percent among students without an assigned device.

In focus groups, students explained that emailing their teachers was somewhat of an anxiety release, said Julie Evans, Speak Up’s CEO and the author of a brief about the findings.

“It isn’t as if they need the teacher to respond to them in that moment,” Evans said. “It’s more that they want to share the problem with someone.” And when they go to class the next day, they can arrive knowing their teacher is already aware of the problem.

Most high schoolers have a way to send an email from home, whether it’s from a smartphone or a family computer. But students with assigned devices from their schools are more likely to actually draft those emails and hit send.

Evans said sending those emails indicates students are independent learners who have the benefit of a school support system. She connected it to the portion of students who get electronic reminders about tests and homework due dates. Among high schoolers with assigned laptops or Chromebooks, 53 percent get those electronic reminders, compared with 39 percent of students who don’t have school-assigned devices, the survey found.

“The student can be responsible for their own learning and feel good about being responsible for their own learning,” Evans said. This can make students more confident in their own capabilities and perhaps create an environment where they are more willing to take educational risks, she said.

Schools that distribute mobile devices to students more often lay this foundation, the survey shows. They also give students chances to collaborate with their peers on projects. Nearly half of high schoolers with an assigned laptop or Chromebook say they get to do this, while just one-third of high schoolers without those assigned devices say the same.

In focus groups, students say they really like the idea of peer-to-peer learning, Evans said. Sometimes teachers can’t explain things in ways they understand. Their peers can fill in the gaps.

Schools that distribute mobile devices to all students seem to create opportunities for this type of work more than schools that don’t. It’s not that a 1:1 student-to-device ratio necessarily means more group work for students or better peer leadership. But technology can help facilitate these classroom experiences, Evans said."]]></description>
<dc:subject>laptops education schools teaching learning 1to1 2018 edtech technology communication relationships tcsnmy 1:1</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://aeon.co/essays/children-learn-best-when-engaged-in-the-living-world-not-on-screens">
    <title>Children learn best when engaged in the living world not on screens | Aeon Essays</title>
    <dc:date>2018-08-15T17:11:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://aeon.co/essays/children-learn-best-when-engaged-in-the-living-world-not-on-screens</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As a parent, it is obvious that children learn more when they engage their entire body in a meaningful experience than when they sit at a computer. If you doubt this, just observe children watching an activity on a screen and then doing the same activity for themselves. They are much more engaged riding a horse than watching a video about it, playing a sport with their whole bodies rather than a simulated version of it in an online game.

Today, however, many powerful people are pushing for children to spend more time in front of computer screens, not less. Philanthropists such as Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg have contributed millions of dollars to ‘personal learning’, a term that describes children working by themselves on computers, and Laurene Powell Jobs has bankrolled the XQ Super School project to use technology to ‘transcend the confines of traditional teaching methodologies’. Policymakers such as the US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos call personalised learning ‘one of the most promising developments in K-12 education’, and Rhode Island has announced a statewide personalised learning push for all public school students. Think tanks such as the Brookings Institution recommend that Latin-American countries build ‘massive e-learning hubs that reach millions’. School administrators tout the advantages of giving all students, including those at kindergarten, personal computers.

Many adults appreciate the power of computers and the internet, and think that children should have access to them as soon as possible. Yet screen learning displaces other, more tactile ways to discover the world. Human beings learn with their eyes, yes, but also their ears, nose, mouth, skin, heart, hands, feet. The more time kids spend on computers, the less time they have to go on field trips, build model airplanes, have recess, hold a book in their hands, or talk with teachers and friends. In the 21st century, schools should not get with the times, as it were, and place children on computers for even more of their days. Instead, schools should provide children with rich experiences that engage their entire bodies.

To better understand why so many people embrace screen learning, we can turn to a classic of 20th-century French philosophy: Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology of Perception (1945).

According to Merleau-Ponty, European philosophy has long prioritised ‘seeing’ over ‘doing’ as a path to understanding. Plato, René Descartes, John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant: each, in different ways, posits a gap between the mind and the world, the subject and the object, the thinking self and physical things. Philosophers take for granted that the mind sees things from a distance. When Descartes announced ‘I think therefore I am’, he was positing a fundamental gulf between the thinking self and the physical body. Despite the novelty of digital media, Merleau-Ponty would contend that Western thought has long assumed that the mind, not the body, is the site of thinking and learning.

According to Merleau-Ponty, however, ‘consciousness is originally not an “I think that”, but rather an “I can”’. In other words, human thinking emerges out of lived experience, and what we can do with our bodies profoundly shapes what philosophers think or scientists discover. ‘The entire universe of science is constructed upon the lived world,’ he wrote. Phenomenology of Perception aimed to help readers better appreciate the connection between the lived world and consciousness.

Philosophers are in the habit of saying that we ‘have’ a body. But as Merleau-Ponty points out: ‘I am not in front of my body, I am in my body, or rather I am my body.’ This simple correction carries important implications about learning. What does it mean to say that I am my body?

The mind is not somehow outside of time and space. Instead, the body thinks, feels, desires, hurts, has a history, and looks ahead. Merleau-Ponty invented the term ‘intentional arc’ to describe how consciousness connects ‘our past, our future, our human milieu, our physical situation, our ideological situation, and our moral situation’. He makes readers attend to the countless aspects of the world that permeate our thinking.

Merleau-Ponty challenges us to stop believing that the human mind transcends the rest of nature. Humans are thinking animals whose thinking is always infused with our animality. As the cognitive scientist Alan Jasanoff explains in a recent Aeon essay, it is even misleading to idealise the brain independent of the rest of the viscera. The learning process happens when an embodied mind ‘gears’ into the world.

Take the example of dancing. From a Cartesian perspective, the mind moves the body like a puppeteer pulls strings to move a puppet. To learn to dance, in this paradigm, a person needs to memorise a sequence of steps. For Merleau-Ponty, on the contrary, the way to learn to dance is to move one’s physical body in space: ‘in order for the new dance to integrate particular elements of general motricity, it must first have received, so to speak, a motor consecration.’ The mind does not reflect and make a conscious decision before the body moves; the body ‘catches’ the movement.

Philosophers have long attributed a spectatorial stance to the mind, when in fact the body participates in the world. It is common sense that the head is the ‘seat of thought’, but ‘the principal regions of my body are consecrated to actions’, and the ‘parts of my body participate in their value’. People learn, think and value with every part of their bodies, and our bodies know things that we can never fully articulate in words.

Surely, one could reply, this might be true for physical activities such as dancing but does not apply to all intellectual pursuits. Merleau-Ponty would respond: ‘The body is our general means of having a world.’ Everything we learn, think or know emanates from our body. It is by walking through a meadow, hiking beside a river, and boating down a lake that we are able to appreciate the science of geography. It is by talking with other people and learning their stories that we can appreciate literature. Buying food for our family infuses us with a conviction that we need to learn mathematics. We cannot always trace the route from experience to knowledge, from a childhood activity to adult insight. But there is no way for us to learn that bypasses the body: ‘the body is our anchorage in a world’.

Merleau-Ponty would not be surprised if people showed him students learning on a screen. Students can project themselves into the world that they see on a screen, just as many people are capable of thinking abstractly. As long as children have had some exposure to the world and other people, they should be able to make some sense of what they see on screens.

Still, Merleau-Ponty gives us reasons to resist the trend towards computer-based education. Proponents of personalised learning point to the advantages of having kids on computers for much of the school day, including students working at their own pace to meet learning objectives. However, from a phenomenological perspective, it is not clear why students will want to do this for very long when the experience is so removed from their flesh-and-blood lives. Teachers and parents will have to use incentives, threats and medication to make children sit at computers for long stretches of time when children want to run, play, paint, eat, sing, compete and laugh. To put it bluntly: advocates of screen learning sometimes seem to forget that children are young animals that want to move in the world, not watch it from a distance."]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/">
    <title>How He's Using His Gifts | Akilah S. Richards [Episode 12]</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-12T18:12:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We explore…gifted students, twice exceptional students, educators who shift from traditional to self-directed education, civic connections, the truth about college, and giving black and brown children more access.

Anthony Galloway wasn’t willing to be another cog in the system.

He’s a smart, twenty-something year old African-American man who chose to go into the field of education. He came up through the system, and learned how to excel in it. He also knew that he wanted to be part of the change in public education that allowed children of color access to the same resources and opportunities as children in white schools or private ones.

Anthony co-founded an Agile Learning Center, now facilitated by both him and long-time educator, Julia Cordero. I think you’re gonna find this discussion interesting because Anthony’s an educator who saw the school system for what it was and is, and started his own school to create something better."]]></description>
<dc:subject>akilahrichards anthonygalloway schools education unschooling deschooling gifted juliacordero race schooling self-directed self-directedlearning lcproject openstudioproject children howwelearn learning praise comparison alternative grades grading curiosity libraries systemsthinking progressive reading howweread assessment publicschools elitism accessibility class highered highereducation colleges universities unpaidinternships studentdebt testing standardization standardizedtesting agilelearning community collaboration sfsh tcsnmy freeschools scrum cv relationships communities process planning documentation adulting agilelearningcenters</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.curbed.com/users/Mc%20Allen">
    <title>Mc Allen Profile and Activity - Curbed</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-10T22:44:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.curbed.com/users/Mc%20Allen</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Also collected here: https://sf.curbed.com/summer-of-muni ]

[So far at the time of this bookmarking, updated [18 July 2018]:

"Summer of Muni: Riding each line from start to end
A San Francisco dad and his two kids will attempt to ride every Muni line—from terminus to terminus—this summer"
https://sf.curbed.com/2018/6/27/17506718/ride-muni-every-line-diary-summer

"Summer of Muni: From the 56-Rutland to the 25-Treasure Island"
https://sf.curbed.com/2018/7/3/17527494/summer-of-muni-bus-folsom-treasure-island-transportation

"Summer of Muni: Blaring F-Market horns and a trip to Lands End"
https://sf.curbed.com/2018/7/10/17550268/summer-of-muni-transit-dad-kids-challenge-sf

"Summer of Muni: What’s in a name, 44-O’Shaughnessy?"
https://sf.curbed.com/2018/7/18/17578600/muni-challenge-ride-bus-oshaughnessy-eureka ]]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.asaanz.org/blog/2018/6/21/a-response-and-second-open-letter-to-the-hau-journals-board-of-trustees">
    <title>A response, and second Open Letter to the Hau Journal's Board of Trustees — Association of Social Anthropologists of Aotearoa New Zealand</title>
    <dc:date>2018-06-21T05:24:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.asaanz.org/blog/2018/6/21/a-response-and-second-open-letter-to-the-hau-journals-board-of-trustees</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In Māori communities, whanaungatanga - the process of building strong relationships - ideally comes before the pursuit of other goals. But before such relationships can be built with others, good intent and sound actions have to be well demonstrated."

[via: https://twitter.com/annegalloway/status/1009545786206502912 ]

[See also:

https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/10068

"1. (noun) relationship, kinship, sense of family connection - a relationship through shared experiences and working together which provides people with a sense of belonging. It develops as a result of kinship rights and obligations, which also serve to strengthen each member of the kin group. It also extends to others to whom one develops a close familial, friendship or reciprocal relationship.

Kōrero ai ngā whakapapa mō te whanaungatanga i waenganui i te ira tangata me te ao (Te Ara 2011). / Whakapapa describe the relationships between humans and nature."

***

https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/12711

"1. (noun) process of establishing relationships, relating well to others.

Kei te whakapapa ngā tātai, ngā kōrero rānei mō te ao katoa, nā reira ko ngā whakapapa he whakawhanaungatanga ki te ao, ki te iwi, ki te taiao anō hoki (Te Ara 2011). / Whakapapa is the recitation of genealogies or stories about the world, so whakapapa are ways by which people come into relationship with the world, with people, and with life."


***

http://www.imaginebetter.co.nz/good-life-kete/whanautanga-positive-and-meaningful-relationships-within-the-community/ 

"Whanaungatanga – positive and meaningful relationships within the community

We use the term whanaungatanga to highlight the importance of positive and meaningful relationships to the creation of the good life.

<blockquote>Whanaungatanga = Relationship, kinship, sense of family connection – a relationship through shared experiences and working together which provides people with a sense of belonging. It develops as a result of kinship rights and obligations, which also serve to strengthen each member of the kin group. It also extends to others to whom one develops a close familial, friendship or reciprocal relationship (Te Aka Online Māori Dictionary)</blockquote>

Whanaungatanga values a wide range of relationships, like family and friendships, and points to feelings of belonging and inclusion. Whanaungatanga captures the belief that the more relationships people have in their lives the happier and healthier they are.

Relationships come in many shapes and forms: they may be a regular friendly chat with someone based on a shared interest or a long-term loving intimate relationship. Each relationship is unique, because every person is different. And, having a wide range of relationships is important. A diverse social network made up of relationships with a variety of people enriches people’s lives.

Relationships are the heart of the community. And a sense of being connected to the community through relationships is at the core of the good life. In fact, the community provides endless opportunities for the creation of relationships.

The community is a fantastic resource, rich with possibilities for developing and growing relationships through jobs, volunteering, and recreation. Relationships help us connect to the community, and this connection provides more opportunities to get to get to know a range of people and expand our social networks.We believe people with disability should have the same opportunities to be involved in their community, meet people and develop friendships as anyone else.

Natural and Formal Supports
Natural supports describe the naturally occurring or informal relationships experienced in the community, for example, between neighbours, within cultural groups, and through working lives. We believe natural supports are the most effective way forward in terms of support for people with disability to achieve a good life in the ordinary spaces of the community.

One of the great things about natural supports is that they aren’t associated with any financial cost! People are not paid to offer support, instead they do it because of a shared interest or connection. Natural support can come in many forms, for example, it may be a ride to the supermarket, assistance filling out a form, or help with meeting new friends.

Experience shows us that people with disability are more likely to be included in the community if natural supports are encouraged around their participation. This is because it is difficult to become part of a community from the outside. It is much easier if it happens from within the community. A good example of this is when someone has an interest in joining a particular club or group. It is better to have a member of that group introduce the person, because they will be known by the rest of the group already, and they will know how to introduce the person in a way that fits with the group.

In saying this, we also know that for many people with disability and their whānau, paid services and professionals, also known as formal supports, play an important role in their lives. Formal supports may usefully be part of people’s search for the good life, but care needs to be taken to make sure it does not over-ride the authority and power of the person and their whānau. Paid services and supports should complement, not take over or exclude the natural supports that already exist or could be developed."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMe_5ERYWzk ]
]]></description>
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    <title>Dr. Kate Antonova on Twitter: &quot;If anyone ever asked me, as a college prof, what qualities I'd like to see in my incoming students (no one ever has, tho a number of non-profs have told me what I'm supposed to want), it's this: curiosity and a reading habit</title>
    <dc:date>2018-05-28T18:24:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/kpanyc/status/1000827586572898304</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If anyone ever asked me, as a college prof, what qualities I'd like to see in my incoming students (no one ever has, tho a number of non-profs have told me what I'm supposed to want), it's this: curiosity and a reading habit.

[Links to: "How Our Obsession With College Prep Hurts Kids"

https://www.chronicle.com/article/How-Our-Obsession-With-College/243459?key=3gZXXhLQjFMTjaMwNwzCEQpsINeRL6GkHu8ch6mHb8ZREuWEf6Qmo5gM5YChCxE0RmoxbHVSemFhLWJTcnJBUndoVFpqMFBBeXVYajZhaW9GMmdBbktRY1MwWQ ]

The other really important thing for success in college, IMO, is self-regulation, but that's a super-hard thing for everybody & esp kids who are still developing cognitively. I see no value, & a lot of harm, in forcing regulation before it's developmentally appropriate.

Plus, IME, if you have enough curiosity, you end up regulating yourself in ways that are nearly impossible for a task you're not into. So it all comes back to curiosity.

The other thing that'd be nice - but is not essential - to see in incoming freshmen is an accurate sense of what college is for. Most people are pretty madly and deeply misinformed on that, and that's harming kids.

Too many kids come to college bc they're told it's necessary, or bc it's the only way to a decent job. Both are lies. They should come, when they're ready, because it's the best way to achieve next-level critical thought specific to one or more disciplines.

So we're back to curiosity again. But the reading part is at least as important, & is interrelated. I'm not an expert on instilling curiosity or encouraging reading in k-12. But I'm damn sure standardized testing isn't the answer & neither is traditional, required homework.

I'm pretty certain, too, that seven hours of mostly sitting still and listening isn't terribly useful (and at the elementary level it's downright cruel).

I don't think anything I've said here is earth-shattering. Yet the conventional wisdom about what makes public k-12 education "good" is soooooo far off the mark.

If I cld fantasize ab what I'd like my future students to have done before college, it'd be this: read & write every day, a variety of texts; interact in a sustained way w lots of different ppl; & practice creative problem-solving in small groups, guided by knowledgeable adults.

That's something public schools *could* do, they just don't, because it's not what the public wants. Even the private schools that do some of that are usually pretty notoriously bad at exposing students to people different from themselves.

I've taught everyone from super-elite Ivy students from private high schools to the kids struggling to stay in CUNY after k-12 in troubled NYC publics. They were ALL missing out in different ways. The best students are always, always the readers.

The best of the best I've ever taught have been readers from backgrounds that happened, for whatever reasons, to expose them to a wide variety of circumstances. 

School is almost never what brought those students either of those advantages. 

But it could be."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://anarchiststudies.noblogs.org/article-notes-on-an-anarchist-pedagogy/">
    <title>Article: Notes On An Anarchist Pedagogy – AnarchistStudies.Blog</title>
    <dc:date>2018-05-24T18:06:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://anarchiststudies.noblogs.org/article-notes-on-an-anarchist-pedagogy/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["But, at this particularly dark moment in our nation’s history, I feel the need to act inside the classroom in a manner that more readily and visibly embodies the important and insightful critiques and guideposts of critical pedagogy,[2] perhaps in a manner, inspired by Graeber and Haworth, that rejects and abandons (education) policy, and more demonstratively and communally embraces the liberatory and transformative power of education itself, free from the bondage of neoliberalism.

Early on in Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology, Graeber offers us: “against policy (a tiny manifesto)”. Graeber tells us:

The notion of “policy” presumes a state or governing apparatus which imposes its will on others. “Policy” is the negation of politics; policy is by definition something concocted by some form of elite, which presumes it knows better than others how their affairs are to be conducted. By participating in policy debates the very best one can achieve is to limit the damage, since the very premise is inimical to the idea of people managing their own affairs.

(2004: 9)

And, as the people I have identified in these notes thus far all document, policy (education reform) is little more than a “governing apparatus which imposes its will” on teachers, students, administrators, and entire communities with high stakes testing, the deskilling of teachers, the cuts to and diversion of funding for public education, and the imposition of the corporate model to direct and control all “outcomes”. And, following Graeber’s pushback to “policy”, I want to enact, to whatever degree possible, “an anarchist pedagogy” to acknowledge, confront and overcome the very dominating and authoritarian dynamics at work in the classroom today from kindergarten right on through to graduate school.

I want to evoke and provoke the issue of anarchy as a counterforce and impulse to the “governing apparatus which imposes its will on others”. I want to engage education as the practice of freedom methodologically, and not just ideologically (of course, I would agree that a genuine embracing of education as the practice of freedom ideologically would axiomatically mean to embrace it methodologically as well – as I believe Paulo Freire and bell hooks demonstrate, and many others also successfully participate in such engaged pedagogy).

But for my musings here, I want to consider enacting freedom directly and in totality throughout the classroom. This is the case, in part, because I want to challenge myself, and to some degree many of my colleagues, to once again consider and reconsider how we “are” in the classroom, living and embodying education as the practice of freedom, and, in part, to accept the need to acknowledge, confront and address the reality that we “operate”, however critically, within the very “governing apparatus which imposes its will”. As a result, I am, for the sake of these notes, forcing myself to fully embrace freedom, and, to whatever degree possible, attempting to reimagine and recomport myself toward promoting education as the practice of freedom.

As good a “critical” pedagogue as I believe I am and have been, for me these notes are a call to identify my beliefs, habits and pedagogy, not unlike Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy were for him. These notes are a consideration of how I embrace and enact those beliefs, habits and pedagogy, and represent a challenge to improve upon my pedagogy. I have decided that rethinking my own pedagogy in light of an anarchist pedagogy might prove the most challenging, informative and constructive mediation on pedagogy I could contemplate and enact at this moment."

…

"As many of us directly involved in the “field of education” (working as teachers and administrators from kindergarten through twelfth-grade, or those working in schools of education and on various education initiatives and in policy think-tanks) have witnessed (and sometimes promote and/or confront), there is much emphasis on a “best practice” approach and on “evidence-based” support for said practices. As a result, so much of education research and teaching is “data-driven”, even when the data is suspect (or just wrong). And, still more harmful, there exists a prejudice against “theory” and against a theoretical approach to teaching within a social/political/cultural context that emphasizes other aspects and dimensions of teaching and learning (such as the history and legacy of racism, sexism, class elitism, homophobia and biases against those with abilities and disabilities that render them “problematic” or outside the mainstream of education concern). All of this leads to an obsession with “information”, to the detriment of teaching and learning (see Scapp 2016b: Chapters 5 and 6). We also wind up with no vision or mission – education becomes little more than a “jobs preparatory program” and a competition in the market place. This is what leads us to the litany of reform programs (from the Bush administration’s “No Child Left Behind” to Obama’s “Race to the Top”, never mind the practically innumerable local initiatives attempting to “fix” education). The results are proving disastrous for all.

At the same time, even though someone may employ a theoretical stance and perspective, this doesn’t guarantee a successful classroom dynamic. We need to remember that how we are (a concern of these notes from the very start) is just as important as what we are presenting, and even why. We need to establish trustworthiness and a sense that students have the freedom to explore, challenge, work together, and even be wrong. Of course, I recognize that the classroom dynamics will look different in elementary school than in a graduate seminar, but for the sake of this meditation on pedagogy, I would like to posit that while acknowledging the differences that exist at different levels of instruction, the essential character of “education as the practice of freedom” ought to be manifest at every level, and at every turn. The hard and important work of good teaching is helping to create and establish that freedom."

…

"There is a long tradition of attempting to create such an “other space”. Feminist pedagogy has argued for and provided such other spaces, at times at grave personal and professional cost (denial of tenure, promotion, as well as ridicule). So too have disciplines and perspectives as diverse as Ethnic Studies and Queer Studies, and Environmental Studies and Performance Studies offered challenges to the constrictive traditional learning environment (space) and also offered new possibilities of reconfiguring those spaces (in and outside the classroom). In his essay “Spaces of Learning: The Anarchist Free Skool”, Jeffery Shantz rightly notes that:

Social theorist Michel Foucault used the occasion of his 1967 lecture, “Of Other Spaces”, to introduce a term that would remain generally overlooked with his expansive body of work, the notion of “heterotopia”, by which he meant a countersite or alternative space, something of an actually existing utopia. In contrast to the nowhere lands of utopias, heterotopias are located in the here-and-now of present-day reality, though they challenge and subvert that reality. The heterotopias are spaces of difference. Among the examples Foucault noted were sacred and forbidden spaces which are sites of personal transition.

(in Haworth 2012: 124)

It is precisely this effort to help create another kind of space, a “heterotopia”, that leads me to disrupt the distribution of the syllabus as the first gesture of the semester, and to solicit and elicit contributions and participation from the class toward this end.

Part of the reason that complying with the “syllabus-edict” is problematic is that it fully initiates and substantiates “the banking system” of teaching that Paulo Freire so astutely identified and named, and so thoughtfully and thoroughly criticized (as oppressive). Participating in the automatic act of handing out the syllabus (hardcopy or electronic) constitutes the very first “deposit” within the banking system, and renders students passive from the very start: “This is what you will need to know!”. So, the very modest and simple gesture of not distributing the syllabus initiates instead the very first activity for the entire class, specifically, a discussion of what the class will be.

Of course, such a stance, such a gesture, doesn’t mean that I would not have thought through the course beforehand. Certainly, I envision a course that would be meaningful and connected to their program of study. But, what I do not do is “decide” everything in advance, and leave no room for input, suggestions and contributions to the syllabus that we create, to enhance the course we create. This offers students a (new?) way of interacting in the class, with each other and the teacher, a way of engaging in social and educative interactions that are mutual and dialogic from the very start. As Shantz claims:

Anarchist pedagogy aims toward developing and encouraging new forms of socialization, social interaction, and the sharing of ideas in ways that might initiate and sustain nonauthoritarian practices and ways of relating.

(in Haworth 2012: 126)

I am claiming that the simple and modest gesture of extending a welcome to participate goes a long way “toward developing and encouraging new forms” of teaching and learning, new forms of mutual and dialogic interaction that are both respectful of the subject matter and of the students, and, if successful, does create the very “heterotopia” Foucault and Shantz describe.

I also ask students about the ways we might be able to evaluate their work and the course itself, evaluate the success of the teaching and learning, and my ability to help facilitate successful teaching and learning. The results vary, but students always come up with interesting and innovative ways to evaluate and consider their work and the value of the course."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eui55R3NerA">
    <title>Kate's Story - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2018-04-26T01:57:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eui55R3NerA</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[from the NuVu website:

"Kate Reed
Our first full time student, Kate Reed, completed her high school years (grades 9-12) at NuVu and graduated in 2017. She is currently pursuing an undergraduate degree in design and engineering at the dual degree program between RISD and Brown. Her story is inspiring and one of the reasons why we believe in the power of creative learning and encourage students to pursue their passions."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/cblack__/status/975766319600615424">
    <title>Carol Black on Twitter: &quot;THREAD Brief tutorial in why innovations in institutional education always &quot;fail.&quot;&quot;</title>
    <dc:date>2018-03-20T00:46:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/cblack__/status/975766319600615424</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["THREAD

Brief tutorial in why innovations in institutional education always "fail."
2. First ask yourself: Why does the existing education system consistently fail a large percentage of kids?

(Aside from the obvious issues of poverty, inequity, racism, trauma.)

3. The existing system fails because one size does not fit all. One size will never fit all. There is nothing that you can do on this earth that will work for everybody.

4. The existing public system fails the kids who don’t fit the demands of the existing system. Kids who are too high-energy, too independent, too creative, too introverted, too extraverted, too rebellious.

5. So you work, and work, and make changes to the system. You open it up, you make it accommodate students who are more high-energy, more independent, more creative.

6. And it still fails for a large percentage of kids. Maybe a slightly smaller percentage. Maybe a slightly larger percentage. But it still fails for a lot of kids. 

Why?

7. Because one size does not fit all. One size will never fit all. There is nothing that you can do on this earth that will work for everybody.

8. So you say, “We need to get back to basics! What kids need is high expectations! None of this “progressive” nonsense! What kids need is direct instruction and accountability!”

9. So you work, and work, and make changes to the system. You create lengthy lists of standards, you identify the knowledge and skills that kids need to master, you test them to make sure they’re mastering those skills.

10. And it still fails for a large percentage of kids. Maybe a slightly smaller percentage. Maybe a slightly larger percentage. But it still fails for a lot of kids. 

Why?

11. Because one size does not fit all. One size will never fit all. There is nothing that you can do on this earth that will work for everybody.

12. So you say, both of these models are too extreme! What we need is a balanced education that has some freedom of choice but also a rich curriculum with high standards!

13. So you work, and you work, and make changes to the system. You come up with project-based models, you have “genius hour” on Fridays, but you also have a full standards-based system with testing and accountability.

14. And it still fails for a large percentage of kids. Maybe a slightly smaller percentage. Maybe a slightly larger percentage. But it still fails for a lot of kids. 

Why?

15. Because one size does not fit all. One size will never fit all. There is nothing that you can do on this earth that will work for everybody.

16. So here’s an idea: maybe we need to stop trying to find the One Best Way of Educating All Children. 

Maybe we need to recognize that children are different, they will always be different, and it’s a good thing that they’re different.

17. Maybe we need to recognize that the child who will grow up to be a jet pilot, and the child who will be a poet, and the child who will be a chef in a fast-paced restaurant, and the child who will be a forest ranger, and the child who will be a research scientist +

18. + and the child who will be a finish carpenter, and the child who will be a software engineer, and the child who will be a kindergarten teacher, and the child who will be a firefighter, are really different children, and they may need different approaches to education.

19. They need different amounts of social stimulation and quiet time. Different amounts of freedom to explore and structured instruction. Different amounts of feedback and independence. Different amounts of hands-on and text-based learning. Different tools. Different paths.

20. Maybe one child will blossom in a quiet, calm, formal education environment. One child will blossom in a noisy, open, makerspace environment. One child will blossom in an outdoor, nature-based environment. One child will blossom in a democratic free school.

21. One child will blossom by homeschooling or unschooling and apprenticeships in the wider community. One child will blossom with a combination of these.

22. And before you say it’s not possible to provide all those options, I’d like to point out that it might be more cost-effective to provide a stable array of options in every community than it is to overhaul and “reform” the whole system from decade to decade.

23. (Might not be as profitable for Pearson, though!) 🤔

24. But that’s just the cost in money. The cost in children’s lives when a child is stuck for twelve years in an educational environment they simply can’t thrive in –– when a child fails, day after day after day, year after year after year — it’s unfathomable.

25. Because one size does not fit all. One size will never fit all. There is nothing that you can do on this earth that will work for everybody.

Because people are different, people will always be different, and it’s a good thing that they’re different.

26. When can we start looking at education this way?"

[Also here: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/975766319600615424.html ]]]></description>
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    <title>Classroom UX: Bring Your Own Comfort, Bring Your Own Device, Student-Created Context | Ryan Boren</title>
    <dc:date>2018-02-19T06:10:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://boren.blog/2017/08/03/classroom-ux-bring-your-own-comfort-bring-your-own-device-student-created-context/</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freedom-learn/201712/the-joy-and-sorrow-rereading-holt-s-how-children-learn">
    <title>The Joy and Sorrow of Rereading Holt’s &quot;How Children Learn&quot; | Psychology Today</title>
    <dc:date>2017-12-31T05:22:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freedom-learn/201712/the-joy-and-sorrow-rereading-holt-s-how-children-learn</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Also here: https://medium.com/the-mission/the-joy-and-sorrow-of-rereading-holts-how-children-learn-ffb4f46485e9 ]

"Holt was an astute and brilliant observer of children.  If he had studied some species of animal, instead of human children, we would call him a naturalist.  He observed children in their natural, free, might I even say wild condition, where they were not being controlled by a teacher in a classroom or an experimenter in a laboratory.  This is something that far too few developmental psychologists or educational researchers have done.  He became close to and observed the children of his relatives and friends when they were playing and exploring, and he observed children in schools during breaks in their formal lessons.  Through such observations, he came to certain profound conclusions about children's learning.  Here is a summary of them, which I extracted from the pages of How Children Learn.

•  Children don’t choose to learn in order to do things in the future.  They choose to do right now what others in their world do, and through doing they learn.

Schools try to teach children skills and knowledge that may benefit them at some unknown time in the future.  But children are interested in now, not the future.  They want to do real things now.  By doing what they want to do they also prepare themselves wonderfully for the future, but that is a side effect.  This, I think, is the main insight of the book; most of the other ideas are more or less corollaries. 

Children are brilliant learners because they don’t think of themselves as learning; they think of themselves as doing.  They want to engage in whole, meaningful activities, like the activities they see around them, and they aren’t afraid to try.  They want to walk, like other people do, but at first they aren’t good at it. So they keep trying, day after day, and their walking keeps getting better.  They want to talk, like other people do, but at first they don’t know about the relationships of sounds to meanings.  Their sentences come across to us as babbled nonsense, but in the child’s mind he or she is talking (as Holt suggests, on p 75).  Improvement comes because the child attends to others’ talking, gradually picks up some of the repeated sounds and their meanings, and works them into his or her own utterances in increasingly appropriate ways.

As children grow older they continue to attend to others' activities around them and, in unpredictable ways at unpredictable times, choose those that they want to do and start doing them.  Children start reading, because they see that others read, and if they are read to they discover that reading is a route to the enjoyment of stories.  Children don’t become readers by first learning to read; they start right off by reading.  They may read signs, which they recognize.  They may recite, verbatim, the words in a memorized little book, as they turn the pages; or they may turn the pages of an unfamiliar book and say whatever comes to mind.  We may not call that reading, but to the child it is reading.  Over time, the child begins to recognize certain words, even in new contexts, and begins to infer the relationships between letters and sounds.  In this way, the child’s reading improves.

Walking, talking, and reading are skills that pretty much everyone picks up in our culture because they are so prevalent.  Other skills are picked up more selectively, by those who somehow become fascinated by them.  Holt gives an example of a six-year-old girl who became interested in typing, with an electric typewriter (this was the 1960s).  She would type fast, like the adults in her family, but without attention to the fact that the letters on the page were random.  She would produce whole documents this way.  Over time she began to realize that her documents differed from those of adults in that they were not readable, and then she began to pay attention to which keys she would strike and to the effect this had on the sheet of paper. She began to type very carefully rather than fast.  Before long she was typing out readable statements.

You and I might say that the child is learning to walk, talk, read, or type; but from the child’s view that would be wrong.  The child is walking with the very first step, talking with the first cooed or babbled utterance, reading with the first recognition of “stop” on a sign, and typing with the first striking of keys.  The child isn’t learning to do these; he or she is doing them, right from the beginning, and in the process is getting better at them.

My colleague Kerry McDonald made this point very well recently in an essay about her young unschooled daughter who loves to bake (here).  In Kerry’s words, “When people ask her what she wants to be when she grows up, she responds breezily, ‘A baker, but I already am one.”

•  Children go from whole to parts in their learning, not from parts to whole.

This clearly is a corollary of the point that children learn because they are motivated to do the things they see others do.  They are, of course, motivated to do whole things, not pieces abstracted out of the whole.  They are motivated to speak meaningful sentences, not phonemes. Nobody speaks phonemes.  They are motivated to read interesting stories, not memorize grapheme-phoneme relationships or be drilled on sight words.  As Holt points out repeatedly, one of our biggest mistakes in schools is to break tasks down into components and try to get children to practice the components isolated from the whole.  In doing so we turn what would be meaningful and exciting into something meaningless and boring.  Children pick up the components (e.g. grapheme-phoneme relationships) naturally, incidentally, as they go along in their exciting work of doing things that are real, meaningful, and whole.

•  Children learn by making mistakes and then noticing and correcting their own mistakes.

Children are motivated not just to do what they see others do, but to do those things well.  They are not afraid to do what they cannot yet do well, but they are not blind to the mismatches between their own performance and that of the experts they see around them.  So, they start right off doing, but then, as they repeat what they did, they work at improving.  In Holt’s words (p 34), “Very young children seem to have what could be called an instinct of Workmanship.  We tend not to see it, because they are unskillful and their materials are crude. But watch the loving care with which a little child smooths off a sand cake or pats and shapes a mud pie.”  And later (p 198), “When they are not bribed or bullied, they want to do whatever they are doing better than they did it before.”

We adult have a strong tendency to correct children, to point out their mistakes, in the belief that we are helping them learn.  But when we do this, according to Holt, we are in effect belittling the child, telling the child that he or she isn't doing it right and we can do it better.  We are causing the child to feel judged, and therefore anxious, thereby taking away some of his or her fearlessness about trying this or any other new activity. We may be causing the child to turn away from the very activity that we wanted to support.  When a child first starts an activity, the child can’t worry about mistakes, because to do so would make it impossible to start.  Only the child knows when he or she is ready to attend to mistakes and make corrections.

Holt points out that we don’t need to correct children, because they are very good at correcting themselves.  They are continually trying to improve what they do, on their own schedules, in their own ways.  As illustration, Holt described his observation of a little girl misreading certain words as she read a story aloud, but then she corrected her own mistakes in subsequent re-readings, as she figured out what made sense and what didn’t.  In Holt’s words (p 140), “Left alone, not hurried, not made anxious, she was able to find and correct most of the mistakes herself.”

• Children may learn better by watching older children than by watching adults.

Holt points out that young children are well aware of the ways that they are not as competent as the adults around them, and this can be a source of shame and anxiety, even if the adults don't rub it in.  He writes (p 123), “Parents who do everything well may not always be good examples for their children; sometimes such children feel, since they can never hope to be as good as their parents, there is no use in even trying.” This, he says, is why children may learn better by watching somewhat older children than by watching adults.  As one example, he describes (p 182) how young boys naturally and efficiently improved their softball skills by observing somewhat older and more experienced boys, who were better than they but not so much better as to be out of reach.  This observation fits very well with findings from my research on the value of age-mixed play (see here and here). 

• Fantasy provides children the means to do and learn from activities that they can’t yet do in reality.

A number of psychologists, I included, have written about the cognitive value of fantasy, how it underlies the highest form of human thinking, hypothetical reasoning (e.g. here).  But Holt brings us another insight about fantasy; it provides a means of “doing” what the child cannot do in reality.  In his discussion of fantasy, Holt criticizes the view, held by Maria Montessori and some of her followers, that fantasy should be discouraged in children because it is escape from reality.  Holt, in contrast, writes (p 228), “Children use fantasy not to get out of, but to get into, the real world.”

A little child can’t really drive a truck, but in fantasy he can be a truck driver. Through such fantasy he can learn a lot about trucks and even something about driving one as he makes his toy truck imitate what real trucks do.  Holt points out that children playing fantasy games usually choose roles that exist in the adult world around them.  They pretend to be mommies or daddies, truck drivers, train conductors, pilots, doctors, teachers, police officers, or the like.  In their play they model, as close as they can, their understanding of what adults in those roles do.  I have learned from anthropologists that such fantasy is normal for children everywhere.  For example, young hunter-gatherer boys imagine themselves to be courageous big game hunters as they stalk butterflies or small rodents and try to hit them with their small arrows.  They are practicing what it feels like to be a hunter, and they are also developing real hunting skills.  That is so much more exciting than, say, engaging in target practice.

This point about fantasy is another elaboration of Holt’s main point that children learn by doing what they want to do right now, not by practicing for the future.  In fantasy, the child can, right now, do things that nature or authority won’t permit him or her to do in reality.

• Children make sense of the world by creating mental models and assimilating new information to those models. 

As children interact with the world their minds are continually active.  They are trying to make sense of things.  Holt points out, as have others (including, most famously, Piaget), that children are truly scientists, developing hunches (hypotheses) and then testing those hunches and accepting, modifying, or rejecting them based on experience.  But the motivation must come from within the child; it can’t be imposed.  As illustration, Holt describes cases where children who were allowed to just “mess around” with balance beams and pendulums, when they wanted to, learned much more, in a lasting way, about the natural laws of balance and pendulum action than did those who were taught explicitly.

Children often use mental models that they developed from previous activities to help them make sense of new activities.  Holt gives a wonderful example of a boy who loved trains and knew a lot about them.  When this boy began to get interested in reading he noticed that a printed sentence is like a train, with a front end and a back end, going in a certain direction.  He called the capital letter at the beginning the “engine” and the period at the end the “caboose.”  This model, of course, was one uniquely useful to this boy.  Among other things, it helped him transfer his love of trains into a love of reading.  But the model had to come from the boy himself.  If a teacher had imposed it on him, it would probably have come across to him as artificial and would have subverted his own attempt to make sense of sentences.  And if a teacher tried to use this analogy between a sentence and a train in teaching children who had no particular interest in trains, that would be just silly.

How Teaching Interferes with Children’s Learning

When Holt wrote the first edition of How Children Learn (published in 1967), he was still trying to figure out how to become a better teacher.  When he revised the book for the second edition (published in 1983) he inserted many corrections, which revealed his growing belief that teaching of any sort is usually a mistake, except in response to a student’s explicit request for help.  Here, for example, is one of his 1983 insertions (p 112):  “When we teach without being asked we are saying in effect, ‘You’re not smart enough to know that you should know this, and not smart enough to learn it.”  And a few pages later (p 126), he inserted, “The spirit of independence in learning is one of the most valuable assets a learner can have, and we who want to help children’s learning at home or in school, must learn to respect and encourage it.”

Children naturally resist being taught because it undermines their independence and their confidence in their own abilities to figure things out and to ask for help, themselves, when they need it.  Moreover, no teacher—certainly not one in a classroom of more than a few children—can get into each child’s head and understand that child’s motives, mental models, and passions at the time.  Only the child has access to all of this, which is why children learn best when they are allowed complete control of their own learning.  Or, as the child would say, when they are allowed complete control of their own doing."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://powderhouse.org/">
    <title>Powderhouse Studios — Come invent the future of learning with us—</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-14T05:54:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://powderhouse.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["🎉 Powderhouse Studios is a small, new high school slated to open next year in Somerville. Inspired by the best creative workplaces, studios, and labs, we've redesigned school to build a place like these where teenagers work on projects they care about."

…

"We believe the future of learning should look more like the future of creative work than the future of school.

We grow best when we're learning. We learn best when we're creating. And we create best when we're creating something which matters to us. We believe these things are true, regardless of how old you are. Whether you're seventeen or seventy, the ways we learn and grow are more similar than different.

Powderhouse Studios is our attempt to look at the most effective, creative workplaces, studios, and labs and build such a place with youth here in Somerville.

Just as those workplaces and studios have their own tools—whether that's clay in a sculpting studio or spreadsheets in an accounting firm—our work is grounded in two, basic activities: telling stories and building things with computers.

At Powderhouse Studios, people mostly do projects. When people first enroll, these projects come from their involvement in staff's ongoing work and the seminars staff put together around this work. As youth get older, they spend more and more time developing projects of their own design. By the time someone leaves Powderhouse Studios, they'll be comfortable tackling year-long, 1,000 hour projects. But to do that, at some point they must do a 500 hour project…and a 100 hour project…and so on, all the way down to whatever timescale they can manage when we first meet them.

Doing this well means we must support deep—and deeply individualized—work. To do this, we've gotten rid of traditional, subject-based classes and teaching positions. Instead, the day is organized in three chunks—morning, lunch, and afternoon, 10AM to 5PM each day. Staff work in tightly knit, cross-functional teams which stick together, managing mixed age cohorts of about three dozen youth for their 4+ years at Powderhouse. And that's just the start of what we've changed.

All along the way, people have told us it's impossible. But it's how creative work has been done for centuries—from apprenticeships to MFA programs to kindergarten classrooms.

Powderhouse Studios is our attempt to build on these traditions, making the road by walking it.

📏 Design
Powderhouse Studios is for people who might benefit from (1) working in a smaller, more intimate community than a traditional high school, or (2) spending a lot more time developing deep, hands-on projects of their own design.

A lot of Powderhouse's design grows out of these two focuses.

Of course, there are many other things a school does—everything from supporting college admissions and sports to the IEP process and English language learning. And we spent four years working with Somerville Public Schools to develop a design which does all that within the district.

This page only offers an overview of the work and detail of our design. To understand the design in more depth, check out these, additional resources:

(November 2014) This is the first draft of our Innovation Plan, developed between 2012–2014 in the first phase of our work, when we were still known as the Somerville STEAM Academy. This slide deck summarizes the design from that time. Most of the core design has remained the same, but many of the details of its implementation have been fleshed out since then.
(November 2014) Here are the reliefs we requested from Massachusetts' Department of Elementary and Secondary Education under the Innovation School legislation, and here are the reliefs we received.
(March 2017) This is the version of that plan which was eventually approved by Innovation Plan Committee on 7 March 2017.
(June 2017) This presentation by Shaunalynn Duffy to the Somerville School Committee on 12 June 2017 summarizes the approved plan.
The basic ideas behind Powderhouse Studios is pretty simple.

People are organized into mixed age groups. These groups are much smaller than a typical high school class: about three dozen people. We're starting by enrolling people between 13–15.

Each group has four staff who work with them—a project manager, program designer, youth advocate, and domain specialist. These groups—which we call "cohorts"—stick together for their time at Powderhouse, so they're very small and supportive. Staff have a lot of time to develop deep, long-term relationships with people.

This is important because staff are going to help people develop their own projects. They do this by knowing people well and mentoring them, but also by working on their own projects and programs (which they involve young people in). Staff do this by running seminars—which are the closest thing we have to classes. Those seminars might involve anything from computational art to writing a screenplay or building a robot.

§
So at Powderhouse, people spend most of their time working on projects. When people first enroll, most of those projects might come from the seminars staff run. Over time, youth will get better at coming up with their own projects. And, youth will get better at working on bigger and bigger projects.

As people work on projects, staff work with them to document, reflect upon, and critique their projects and what they're learning through them. People will do this in different ways—sometimes through essays or presentations, other times through videos or discussions.

But one type of documentation which staff will work with youth to put together for all projects is what we call our "retrospective mapping." This mapping is just a record of the ways that the projects people do connect to goals youth develop with staff.

Those goals not only include traditional academic standards (like Common Core Math and English Language), but personal and professional priorities like career interests, college ambitions, and so on. These goals define people's progress toward graduation.

Taken together, this documentation gives us the information we need to help people define projects which will ensure youth are learning what they need to be successful after their time at Powderhouse. This also gives us what we need to do things like generate portfolios and traditional transcripts when someone is looking to transfer or apply to college.

§
Even though doing projects sounds simple, they take a lot of time. You can't really work on projects in forty or eighty minute chunks like most classes. You need lots of large blocks of time. And if people are working on projects that are different from one another's, it's even harder. That's why our schedule looks so different.

We're open 10AM–5PM for youth, and 8AM–5PM for staff (with morning supervision and breakfast programming for those who want it). We're open 220 days a year. There's no homework. Instead of having normal class periods, there are really just three chunks to the day: morning, lunch, and afternoon.

Generally, mornings will be when the seminars staff run will happen. Afternoons will be about people working on the projects they started in the morning. As people get older, they'll manage more and more of their time. That may start with them just working on their own projects in the morning. But eventually, it may lead to their enrolling in classes off campus or working at internships in the community which we work with them to secure.

Doing this alongside the other things school does is more complicated than you'd think. Sports? Special education? Music? Language? There's no one answer to all of these questions. You can find a lot of the answers in our FAQ and design resources.

But overall, something which ties together a lot of our answers is flexibility and individualized support. For example, even though we don't have traditional music or language classes, we have a stipend system for youth and a collection of community partners (ranging from Harvard and MIT to the Boston Language Institute) with whom we'll be working to offer individualized classes and support to people. This is only possible because Powderhouse Studios is designed to let staff support every young person individually.

Making all these pieces fit together has taken a lot of time and support from Somerville Public Schools, Massachusetts' Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, and dozens of families, community organizations, school designers, and experts from around the country.

We're still figuring things out, but if you have questions, please check out our design resources and get in touch."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.educationforward.co.uk/show-your-support/">
    <title>Show your support | Educationforward</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-12T21:31:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.educationforward.co.uk/show-your-support/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Education has to change – to move forward – so that our schools and students can face the unprecedented challenges of the future, with confidence, capability and compassion.

We believe:

1. That schools should be judged on a much broader set of outcomes (e.g. students’ resourcefulness; their ability to engage with political, economic and ecological issues; their confidence with digital technologies; their enjoyment of reading) than they currently face;

2. That the voices of parents, families, and students should be central to process of education policy formulation;

3. That students who neither want, nor need, to go to university should not be made to feel inadequate or failures by an overly narrow and overly academic curriculum;

4. That high-stakes testing has gone too far, has caused too much stress and anxiety to teachers and students, and is a wholly inadequate means of assessing a student’s full range of talents;

5. That the way teachers teach should foster more than the ability to recall snippets of knowledge – the future will ask students not simply what they know, but what they can do with what they know, how they critically evaluate data, and what to do when they don’t know what to do ;

6. That the knowledge that will matter to students in the mid-21st century will be very different to the knowledge that is currently considered core – re-thinking a curriculum fit for the future is an urgent, widespread concern;

7. That providing evidence of learning has attempted to become ‘teacher-proof’, whilst teaching to the test has become endemic. We have to trust teacher judgements more and invest in their professional development;

8. That too many people cast the debate around education in binary terms, despite the growing numbers of schools whose students get good grades and develop confidence, capability and self-direction in their learning.We need to learn from these schools so that their practices can spread like wildfire;

9. That politicians should focus their energies less on cherry-picking evidence to support their entrenched views, and more on the fundamental purpose of education. We need to improve, and deepen, the quality of public debate around schooling;

10. That we live in times of turbulence and anxiety, where truth is a casualty of intolerance. Education has to help people strengthen their dispositions to tolerate uncertainty, to think carefully about complex issues, to understand the position of others and, where necessary, to disagree gracefully. This matters – not just for our communities and our children’s well-being, but for the future of our world."]]></description>
<dc:subject>education change sfsh outcomes resourcefulness policy schools acadmemics testing standardizedtesting stress anxiety teaching learning society howweteach howelearn knowledge tcsnmy openstudioproject lcproject curriculum purpose schooling turbulence intolerance truth uncertainty complexity understanding grace disagreement uk</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.longviewoneducation.org/when-the-narrative-breaks/">
    <title>When the narrative breaks - Long View on Education</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-12T20:24:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.longviewoneducation.org/when-the-narrative-breaks/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["So, here’s one way to look at the whole narrative about education systems failing to provide skills of the future for employers:

Maybe schools should cultivate creativity & critical thinking not because the ‘jobs of the future’ demand these skills that are necessary for an educated citizenry, but because most jobs restrict these human capacities?

Often, the more we work in jobs with machines the more machine-like we need to become.

Yet, maybe some of the least recognize and most important work – caring for others – is precisely where we find creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and all the others skills that are apparently so desirable. That is, the ‘jobs of the future’ narrative has duped us on another level: because it never talks about care work, it seems as if that work is unimportant and low-skill. In a story on Vox, a support worker named Nathan Auldridge says that though “the pay is shit”, “You can’t make a robot do what I do.”"

…

"The ‘jobs of the future’ narrative is broken beyond repair: there’s no skills gap that education needs to fill, nor do the vast majority of the jobs that actually require many of the 21c skills pay very well. Why is that? The Vox article continues:

<blockquote>Caregiving — a low-paid, low-status job — is also most often done by disadvantaged workers. One in 10 working black women are employed in direct care; more than a quarter of direct care workers are black women. In contrast, while white women make up 35 percent of these jobs, only one in 37 working white women is employed in direct care. Latina women, as well as immigrant women, are also disproportionately represented.</blockquote>

Since women of color are disproportionately represented in these growing jobs of the future, why are they not represented in the forecasts about the future? In an article called Where are the Black Futurists?(2000), the author (listed as ‘Black Issues’) reflects on an all white male C-SPAN futurist panel:

<blockquote>“there are too many people talking about the future without considering the future of African Americans and other people of color.

By not considering us, is the majority implicitly suggesting that we don’t matter? Do they think that as America ages, we will continue to play the traditional service and support roles for their communities? When I hear estimates from the U.S. Department of Labor that we’ll need nearly a million home health aides in the next decade, and I know that most home health aides now are Black and Brown women, I conclude that unless the wage structure changes, the future implications for those women and their families are frightening.

But the futurists mainly seem to be predicting what an aging society will need without predicting who will provide it.”2
</blockquote>"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://vextroforever.wordpress.com/2017/10/17/how-to-learn-stuff/">
    <title>How to Learn Stuff | vextro</title>
    <dc:date>2017-10-18T04:02:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://vextroforever.wordpress.com/2017/10/17/how-to-learn-stuff/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["My understanding of a workable, comprehensive goal for education, is something that meets and facilities the needs of students. This has to go beyond surmised vocational preparation. Needs is a semantic to soften the core of education: teaching students survival skills. It’s an obvious mistake to treat kids and students like organic computers for information to be punched into. To condescend is to lose their humanity.

What I mean is, how useful will these menus and tables of arranged factoids be under economic collapse? Or maybe our future is positive: how useful will they be under automation? If the signs can be seen it feels imperative that, in whatever way possible, mentors prepare their mentees for times of crisis. And I think the most crucial element of that is reaffirming their value as a person and an individual, by encouraging and thinking through their perspectives as a collaborative effort. Though not to complicate this rhetoric anymore: anti-capitalist education is anti-hierarchical education.

Honestly I felt a vision of what edutainment together was like playing Learn 100 Words: One at a Time! It’s a deceptively simple game, made for a deviously indulgent glorioustrainwreck’s challenge to make a hundred games. So a microgame per word; play goes rapidfire through a collection of microgames, with various styles of play: quizzes, platformers, find-an-object, each based on vocabulary someone (probably) doesn’t know. It’s good natured and very goofy. Some microgames are obviously jokes, but others are very in earnest, and are surprisingly entertaining!

Lean 100 Words is made in Clickteam software (as GT games often are) and I don’t know what version, or what parts come from official asset packs, but I do recognize the buoyant, iconic clipart-esque sprites. Backgrounds are dark, hard gradients, with chunky buttons, reminiscent of web 1.0 or even a Vasily Zotov game. A wall of retro-futuristic, full bodied synth sounds greet on start up. All of the UX has a pleasant shape and exaggerated proportions, which gets me nostalgic for edutainment games of my childhood, and more oddly, the various online classes I’ve taken in my life.

I think it’s the hardest I’ve laughed at a game in a long time too. The game’s tone is just so innocuous from the get. Like the first word (when playing alphabetically instead of randomly) is aal, and I was like, that’s a word? That’s not a word… is this game about made up words? It is a word though, it’s a really technical term that I don’t really understand. But it’s a word! The hint is, “I couldn’t find a textbook definition,” so I slowly scrolled around and eventually clicked on a textbook, and completed the game. Close enough to the real definition? Honestly, sure!

Whether it’s intentional, or a happy accident of trying to do a lot with whatever means, Learn 100 Words is a genuinely hilarious parody of edutainment games. Instrumental to this are voiceovers done by the developer of every word and accompanied hint. They’re off the cuff, not really rehearsed."

…

"In Learn 100 Words it’s feels fine to hear misspeak, it’s fine for hints to be somewhat mistaken, or trail off, lose their thread, because it still comes back to learning 100 words. The goofs put me at ease, like, I don’t feel self-conscious about the stuff I don’t know. This is a big contrast to the real methodical approach for a standard edutainment game, games that fuss over whether its textbook blocks are working. No matter how vibrant a game like that manages to be, it’s still cut up by a very rigid, very institution-minded push for absolute legibility. A vague, palpable desperation could be felt over their needy hope that this information is getting through to my swiss cheese brain. In other words, capitalist about its use, and condescending.

Further, Learn 100 Words doesn’t shy from expressing poetic game design, like the former microgame for abaton. Maybe the most successful “mnemonics” are associations formed by emotional impact. Getting someone to care is an obvious step to engagement, but there’s a tendency to overthink, overpolish what generates care. There’s something about candidly, simply, presenting ideas, with personality. Concepts are expressive vehicles and are sometimes better expressed by individualistic interpretations.

I don’t think the process to genuine retention, learning, growing, can be calculated. In my lifetime effective education came from mentors who felt invested in my development and were willing to learn with me. I don’t think there’s a combination of software or even other programs that will magically work. Curriculum, which edutainment is, should be about creating environments that can facilitate positive relationships, that can generate a mutual investment in growth.

The coldness of profit extraction will tinge and undermine self-determination. I remember most of the silly, complicated words I learned from playing Learn 100 Words, while I’ve absolutely struggled through other language software (some from my youth, some from the now). My point isn’t that games need to “learn” from this and try to imitate a casual friendliness, it’s that compassion is done, not imitated."]]></description>
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    <title>Geetha Narayanan, Srishti school of art, design &amp; tech | SlideShare</title>
    <dc:date>2017-10-14T21:46:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.slideshare.net/geethanarayanan1</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Aslo here: https://www.slideshare.net/geethanarayanan1/beyond-rhetoric-to-resurgence-and-resonance ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://mcluhangalaxy.wordpress.com/2013/07/27/city-as-classroom-1977-mcluhans-last-co-authored-book/">
    <title>City as Classroom (1977) – McLuhan’s Last Co-authored Book | McLuhan Galaxy</title>
    <dc:date>2017-07-03T22:17:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://mcluhangalaxy.wordpress.com/2013/07/27/city-as-classroom-1977-mcluhans-last-co-authored-book/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[posted about this here: http://robertogreco.tumblr.com/post/162565662048/to-go-with-a-previous-post-from-today-and-some ]

"“City as Classroom: Understanding Language & Media” (1977) was the last book written wholly or partly by Marshall McLuhan and the only one entirely focused on education. His earlier “Report on Project in Understanding New Media” (1960), was the length of a short book, but was disseminated as an unbound stapled typescript. “City as Classroom” was co-authored by Eric McLuhan and Kathryn Hutchon (later Kawasaki), a former English student of McLuhan’s and a high school teacher in the Toronto District School Board. In this recently made available (by Bob Dobbs) audio recorded informal interview by Carl Scharfe, McLuhan talks about the initial inspiration for “City as Classroom” being Ivan Illich’s “Deschooling Society” (1970) in which the author wrote:

“A second major illusion on which the school system rests is that most learning is the result of teaching. Teaching, it is true, may contribute to certain kinds of learning under certain circumstances. But most people acquire most of their knowledge outside school, and in school only insofar as school, in a few rich countries, has become their place of confinement during an increasing part of their lives…. Most learning happens casually, and even most intentional learning is not the result of programmed instruction.” (p. 12)

Audio recording: http://fivebodied.com/archives/audio/catalog/McLuhan/MM-Hollander.mp3 [also available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aX9j_3bxZU0 ]

Norm Friesen offers an acute discussion of “City as Classroom” in this excerpt from his essay “Education of the Senses: The Pedagogy of Marshall McLuhan” (2009):

McLuhan’s most detailed outline for pedagogical praxis is provided in a book deliberately designed for use in the classroom ‐‐ a co‐authored textbook developed specifically for high school students, titled The City as Classroom: Understanding Language and Media. This text is almost entirely performative or praxis‐oriented. In fact, it can be said to perform, through questions, exercises and imperatives, many aspects of McLuhan’s life‐long mediatic and pedagogical enterprise. Appropriately, it begins with a direct address to its student readers:

Let us begin by wondering just what you are doing sitting there at your desk. Here [in the pages that follow] are some questions for you to explore…The questions and experiments you will find in this book are all concerned with important, relatively unexplored areas of our social environment. The research you choose to do will be important and original. (1) 

The book presents dozens of “questions and experiments,” getting students to manipulate and explore a wide range of characteristics of their social environments – focusing specifically on the environments presented by the classroom, the community and also by a wide range of contemporary mediatic  forms, from the magazine to video recording technologies. You can read the full essay (pdf) here: http://learningspaces.org/files/mcluhan_educating_senses.pdf

cityasclassroom_redcover

An unidentified blogger on education writes about McLuhan’s last book thus:

[McLuhan] return[ed] to notions about the classroom that he had first begun to work out a quarter of a century before in Explorations. ‘Classroom without Walls’ (Explorations 7 [1957]) argues that the electronic information explosion has been so great that ‘most learning occurs outside the classroom’ (ExC 1). This has broken the hegemony of the book as a teaching aid and challenged the monopoly on education vested in official institutions of learning. Yet most educators persist in regarding the products of the mass media as entertainment, rather than as educative. McLuhan points out, however, that many literary classics were originally regarded in the same way, and that the English language is itself a mass medium. The educational imperative is, thus, to master the new media in order to ‘assimilate them to our total cultural heritage’ (2) which would ‘provide the basic tools of perception’ as well as developing ‘judgment and discrimination with ordinary social experience’ (3). This observation is the point of departure for City as Classroom, which outlines methods for training perception through a series of exercises in properties of the media, with the goal of helping students to understand the sociocultural context in which they live. The exercises encourage students to go out into the community and observe, listen, interview, research, and think about the way in which their classroom space influences what they can and cannot know — ‘What did the designers of traditional schools intend when they put thirty or so desks in rows, facing the front of the room? Why is the blackboard at the front? why is the teacher’s desk at the front?’ (4).” (pp. 220-221) http://tinyurl.com/lzjh94g  [broken, see: https://web.archive.org/web/20130104071258/http://www.macroeducation.org/mcluhan-in-space-and-the-classroom/ ]

***

“We have to realize that more instruction is going on outside the classroom, many times more every minute of the day than goes on inside the classroom. That is, the amount of information that is embedded in young minds per minute outside the classroom far exceeds anything that happens inside the classroom in just quantitative terms now.” “In the future basic skills will no longer be taught in classrooms.” – McLuhan, M. (1966, April). Electronics & the psychic drop-out. THIS Magazine is about SCHOOLS.  p. 38."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://web.archive.org/web/20130104071258/http://www.macroeducation.org/mcluhan-in-space-and-the-classroom/">
    <title>McLuhan in Space (and the Classroom) | Macroeducation</title>
    <dc:date>2017-07-03T22:15:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://web.archive.org/web/20130104071258/http://www.macroeducation.org/mcluhan-in-space-and-the-classroom/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[posted about this here: http://robertogreco.tumblr.com/post/162565662048/to-go-with-a-previous-post-from-today-and-some ]

"While Richard Cavell argues in McLuhan in Space that McLuhan should be re-read as an artist, I contend that an equally plausible (and probably less original) suggestion is to re-read him as an educator. Thanks to Cavell, I have recently picked up one of McLuhan’s last books, City as Classroom: Understanding Language and Media, published in 1977, three years before his death.

I’ll be the first to admit that I’m nowhere near to reaching the end of McLuhan’s writings (he has 26 books to his name and countless essays and interviews), so I could hardly even call it a re-reading in my case. However, in the works that I have read, it’s plain to see that McLuhan wanted to educate. He aimed to facilitate thought and discussion about both the present and historical transitions between broadly defined eras of communication (oral, print, written, electronic). He wanted us to understand the effects of media, and he wanted us to be aware of our environments, our tools, and the interactions between them. He wanted to facilitate a path for us to find our own understanding. He wanted us to understand media; he wanted us to learn. McLuhan was a media theorist, a communications guru, a historian, an artist, and an educator.

One of his contemporaries, Neil Postman, made a name for himself primarily as an educationist (Teaching as a Subversive Activity, The End of Education) before moving into social commentary and media ecology (Amusing Ourselves to Death, Technopoly). He used many of McLuhan’s ideas and methods to analyze and discuss the classroom environment and the purpose of education.

A common theme found throughout McLuhan’s work is that  as we shift into living in the global village of the electronic age, we return to our tribal roots. The conflation of space and time, and communication at the speed of light have effectively shrunk our worlds, causing us to live in proximity with our neighbours, communicating through acoustic rather than visual space. McLuhan suggested that would once again become an oral culture, relying more on the spoken word than the printed. The electronic age would retribalize us.

In McLuhan in Space (which I posted some notes and quotes from last week), UBC professor Richard Cavell analyzes McLuhan as an artist and as a spatial historian. Here Cavell describes McLuhan’s concept of retribalization:

<blockquote>“McLuhan had been at pains to emphasize in his own writings: that retribalization was not intended as a return to a pre-literate utopia; on the contrary, the entry into the electronic era had initiated a process fraught with terrors, as well as benefits.” (Cavell 208)</blockquote>

Disruption is scary. Entering a new age is frightening — full of surprises, changes, and adjustments. McLuhan wrote under the glaze of the newly invented television, when we were suddenly shifting from living in a world of print to a world of audio and moving images. He felt that we were becoming like our ancestors of the oral age, who communicated mostly through acoustic means.

But as we’ve seen, McLuhan did not quite get it right, as the internet has since emerged to usurp television (as well as cinema, radio  and  telephone), and it is primarily a medium of print. Or at least it used to be. In the 21st century, high-speed bandwidth also allows us to watch lots of YouTube videos, television shows, and movies on our laptops, tablets and phones. The digital age is a world of words, images (moving and not), and sounds. Computers, phones, and video games are interactive and tactile. In the 21st century, we don’t live in acoustic or visual space, we live in audiovisual space — a hybrid of media that involves all the senses.

Mass Media

Neil Postman wrote countless books decrying the potentially disastrous effects of the mass media of television, using a very McLuhanesque approach. He wrote often about the purpose of education, often opining that an important part of one’s education was to become educated about alternatives to mass media.

Here Cavell summarizes the McLuhanesque take on the function of education:

<blockquote>“It is thus the function of education, and even more so the arts, to point away from this mass media mythology to an ideal world.” (p. 209)

“It is thus to their environment that McLuhan suggests these students turn in their quest for an education.

McLuhan remained attached to this notion in his last book, The City as Classroom (1977; with Eric McLuhan and Kathryn Hutchon), returning to notions about the classroom that he had first begun to work out a quarter of a century before in Explorations. ‘Classroom without Walls’ (Explorations 7 [1957]) argues that the electronic information explosion has been so great that ‘most learning occurs outside the classroom’ (ExC 1). This has broken the hegemony of the book as a teaching aid and challenged the monopoly on education vested in official institutions of learning. Yet most educators persist in regarding the products of the mass media as entertainment, rather than as educative. McLuhan points out, however, that many literary classics were originally regarded in the same way, and that the English language is itself a mass medium. The educational imperative is, thus, to master the new media in order to ‘assimilate them to our total cultural heritage’ (2) which would ‘provide the basic tools of perception’ as well as developing ‘judgment and discrimination with ordinary social experience’ (3). This observation is the point of departure for City as Classroom, which outlines methods for training perception through a series of exercises in properties of the media, with the goal of helping students to understand the sociocultural context in which they live. The exercises encourage students to go out into the community and observe, listen, interview, research, and think about the way in which their classroom space influences what they can and cannot know — ‘What did the designers of traditional schools intend when they put thirty or so desks in rows, facing the front of the room? Why is the blackboard at the front? why is the teacher’s desk at the front?’ (4).” (pp. 220-221)</blockquote>

City as Classroom is basically a collection of questions and activities for your students. It’s a book of lesson plans, in a sense, using the surroundings and environment as the subjects to be studied. I think it’d work great with a group of senior students in a writing class.

I would love to read or hear some responses to questions such as (all from the introduction of City as Classroom):

<blockquote>“Do the days of your school life seem like ‘doing time’ until you are eligible for the labor market? Do you consider that real education is outside the classroom? Do you find that what you learn inside the classroom is as useful as what you learn outside the classroom?”

“Talk to your fathers (and updated for the 21st century, mothers) about the sort of work they do in the daytime. How much of their time at work is spent looking at papers and books? Do they also bring their books and papers home? How many people do you know who work day in and day out with papers and books?”</blockquote>

There are also activities for students to explore the history, effects, and opinions surrounding books, films, television, clocks, computers, and eleven more (for a total of 16 units).

I’m looking forward to reading it over the spring break, and hope to be able to use it in the classroom sometime soon.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://taeyoonchoi.com/artofteaching/#/">
    <title>The Art of Teaching</title>
    <dc:date>2017-06-27T05:07:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://taeyoonchoi.com/artofteaching/#/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: "The slide deck for the workshop is superb. Such a great experience, so grateful to @tchoi8 & the other participants." https://twitter.com/dphiffer/status/879465006449909760

referencing also: "How I learn to build things. Something I created for @tchoi8’s Art of Learning workshop at @eyeofestival."
https://twitter.com/dphiffer/status/879366496354488322 ]

[video: "Absence is Presence with Distance"
https://vimeo.com/234330230

"As an artist, I work with technology and narrative – formal and relational projects. As an activist, I examine personal and political – practice and praxis. As an educator, I create feedback between plastic and elastic – learning and unlearning. My talk is set at the dawn. We are waiting for the sun to rise and we are full of questions. What’s the role of an artist as an activist now? How can we critique oppressive systems that create the sense of ‘others’ based on ability and legal status? What’s kind of pedagogy can we experiment through alternative schools? How can we create a community among those who have nothing in common? By creating art, we can give form to our intentions, contribute to making the world we want to live in.

( For a companion posting to this talk visit: 

https://medium.com/@tchoi8/absence-is-presence-with-distance-c0712aada56c )]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-u-s-education-system-producing-a-society-of-ldquo-smart-fools-rdquo/">
    <title>Is the U.S. Education System Producing a Society of &amp;ldquo;Smart Fools&amp;rdquo;? - Scientific American</title>
    <dc:date>2017-06-10T04:29:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-u-s-education-system-producing-a-society-of-ldquo-smart-fools-rdquo/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[had me until he says more (a new kind of) testing is the answer to the problem]

"At last weekend’s annual meeting of the Association for Psychological Science (APS) in Boston, Cornell University psychologist Robert Sternberg sounded an alarm about the influence of standardized tests on American society. Sternberg, who has studied intelligence and intelligence testing for decades, is well known for his “triarchic theory of intelligence,” which identifies three kinds of smarts: the analytic type reflected in IQ scores; practical intelligence, which is more relevant for real-life problem solving; and creativity. Sternberg offered his views in a lecture associated with receiving a William James Fellow Award from the APS for his lifetime contributions to psychology. He explained his concerns to Scientific American.

[An edited transcript of the interview follows.]

In your talk, you said that IQ tests and college entrance exams like the SAT and ACT are essentially selecting and rewarding “smart fools”—people who have a certain kind of intelligence but not the kind that can help our society make progress against our biggest challenges. What are these tests getting wrong?

Tests like the SAT, ACT, the GRE—what I call the alphabet tests—are reasonably good measures of academic kinds of knowledge, plus general intelligence and related skills. They are highly correlated with IQ tests and they predict a lot of things in life: academic performance to some extent, salary, level of job you will reach to a minor extent—but they are very limited. What I suggested in my talk today is that they may actually be hurting us. Our overemphasis on narrow academic skills—the kinds that get you high grades in school—can be a bad thing for several reasons. You end up with people who are good at taking tests and fiddling with phones and computers, and those are good skills but they are not tantamount to the skills we need to make the world a better place.

What evidence do you see of this harm?

IQ rose 30 points in the 20th century around the world, and in the U.S. that increase is continuing. That’s huge; that’s two standard deviations, which is like the difference between an average IQ of 100 and a gifted IQ of 130. We should be happy about this but the question I ask is: If you look at the problems we have in the world today—climate change, income disparities in this country that probably rival or exceed those of the gilded age, pollution, violence, a political situation that many of us never could have imaged—one wonders, what about all those IQ points? Why aren’t they helping?

What I argue is that intelligence that’s not modulated and moderated by creativity, common sense and wisdom is not such a positive thing to have. What it leads to is people who are very good at advancing themselves, often at other people’s expense. We may not just be selecting the wrong people, we may be developing an incomplete set of skills—and we need to look at things that will make the world a better place.

Do we know how to cultivate wisdom?

Yes we do. A whole bunch of my colleagues and I study wisdom. Wisdom is about using your abilities and knowledge not just for your own selfish ends and for people like you. It’s about using them to help achieve a common good by balancing your own interests with other people’s and with high-order interests through the infusion of positive ethical values.

You know, it’s easy to think of smart people but it’s really hard to think of wise people. I think a reason is that we don’t try to develop wisdom in our schools. And we don’t test for it, so there’s no incentive for schools to pay attention.

Can we test for wisdom and can we teach it?

You learn wisdom through role-modeling. You can start learning that when you are six or seven. But if you start learning what our schools are teaching, which is how to prepare for the next statewide mastery tests, it crowds out of the curriculum the things that used to be essential. If you look at the old McGuffey Readers, they were as much about teaching good values and good ethics and good citizenship as about teaching reading. It’s not so much about teaching what to do but how to reason ethically; to go through an ethical problem and ask: How do I arrive at the right solution?

I don’t always think about putting ethics and reasoning together. What do you mean by that?

Basically, ethical reasoning involves eight steps: seeing that there’s a problem to deal with (say, you see your roommate cheat on an assignment); identifying it as an ethical problem; seeing it as a large enough problem to be worth your attention (it’s not like he’s just one mile over the speed limit); seeing it as personally relevant; thinking about what ethical rules apply; thinking about how to apply them; thinking what are the consequences of acting ethically—because people who act ethically usually don’t get rewarded; and, finally, acting. What I’ve argued is ethical reasoning is really hard. Most people don’t make it through all eight steps.

If ethical reasoning is inherently hard, is there really less of it and less wisdom now than in the past?

We have a guy [representative-elect Greg Gianforte of Montana] who allegedly assaulted a reporter and just got elected to the U.S. House of Representatives—and that’s after a 30-point average increase in IQ. We had violence in campaign rallies. Not only do we not encourage creativity, common sense and wisdom, I think a lot of us don’t even value them anymore. They’re so distant from what’s being taught in schools. Even in a lot of religious institutions we’ve seen a lot of ethical and legal problems arise. So if you’re not learning these skills in school or through religion or your parents, where are you going to learn them? We get people who view the world as being about people like themselves. We get this kind of tribalism.

So where do you see the possibility of pushing back?

If we start testing for these broader kinds of skills, schools will start to teach to them, because they teach to the test. My colleagues and I developed assessments for creativity, common sense and wisdom. We did this with the Rainbow Project, which was sort of experimental when I was at Yale. And then at Tufts, when I was dean of arts and sciences, we started Kaleidoscope, which has been used with tens of thousands of kids for admission to Tufts. They are still using it. But it’s very hard to get institutions to change. It’s not a quick fix. Once you have a system in place, the people who benefit from it rise to the top and then they work very hard to keep it.

Looking at the broader types of admission tests you helped implement—like Kaleidoscope at Tufts, the Rainbow Project at Yale, or Panorama at Oklahoma State, is there any evidence that kids selected for having these broader skills are in any way different from those who just score high on the SAT?

The newly selected kids were different. I think the folks in admissions would say so, at least when we started. We admitted kids who would not have gotten in under the old system—maybe they didn’t quite have the test scores or grades. When I talk about this, I give examples, such as those who wrote really creative essays.

Has there been any longitudinal follow-up of these kids?

We followed them through the first year of college. With Rainbow we doubled prediction [accuracy] for academic performance, and with Kaleidoscope we could predict the quality of extracurricular performance, which the SAT doesn’t do.

Do you think the emphasis on narrow measures like the SAT or GRE is hurting the STEM fields in particular?

I think it is. I think it’s hurting everything. We get scientists who are very good forward incrementers—they are good at doing the next step but they are not the people who change the field. They are not redirectors or reinitiators, who start a field over. And those are the people we need.

Are you hopeful about change?

If one could convince even a few universities and schools to try to follow a different direction, others might follow. If you start encouraging a creative attitude, to defy the crowd and to defy the zeitgeist, and if you teach people to think for themselves and how what they do affects others, I think it’s a no-lose proposition. And these things can be taught and they can be tested."]]></description>
<dc:subject>education science social wisdom iq meritocracy intelligence 2017 psychology claudiawallis robertsternberg performance creativity unschooling deschooling lcproject openstudioproject sfsh tcsnmy rainbowproject power ethics reasoning values learning selfishness gildedage inequality climatechange pollution violence testing standardizedtesting standardization sat gre act knowledge teachingtothetest</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://eyeondesign.aiga.org/the-west-coast-design-program-with-a-messy-vitality/">
    <title>The West Coast Design Program with a Messy Vitality | Eye on Design</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-28T07:25:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://eyeondesign.aiga.org/the-west-coast-design-program-with-a-messy-vitality/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: http://jarrettfuller.blog/post/161033290767/margaret-andersen-writing-for-the-aiga-eye-on ]

"“In the ’70s I wouldn’t have been allowed in the program,” says [Jeffrey] Keedy. “By the mid-’80s when I came to CalArts, most design programs were still strongly entrenched in Bauhaus modernist dogma that still holds sway today. The disruption that the transition to digital technologies caused in the profession created an opening for new ways of thinking about design, and CalArts has always been receptive to new ways of thinking. Given its history, it makes sense that it would become a stronghold for postmodernism in design.”

Despite changes to the program over time, Keedy notes that one fundamental idea that has remained constant since the beginning of CalArts is that “the school is founded on the premise of artists teaching artists, which in the graphic design school means that from day one, students ARE graphic designers. There is no undergraduate foundation year like at many other schools; it’s full immersion in the métier. The studio culture is an important component of this model; classes move together as a body through the program, as a studio. And then there is the intense and twice-weekly critique…“"

Those twice-weekly critiques, coupled with electives and extracurricular projects or initiatives, mean the design students rarely leave their studios. Since they are given 24-hour access to all facilities, each designer’s cubicle becomes a home away from home. Wacom tablets share desk space with rice cookers and coffee makers; books on design theory and typography compete for shelf space with cans of LaCroix and personal bric-a-brac.

A variety of well-behaved studio dogs, and even a cat named Phoebe, wait patiently beneath several desks while their owners tile posters or trim spreads late into the night. If students are ever stuck on a project, they’re just a cubicle away from their classmates for an informal critique, or they can visit Ed Fella who keeps open office hours in one of the MFA studios. Though he’s retired from teaching, Fella remains a creative resource and mentor to the students, and is always up for a friendly chat.

Dameon Waggoner, a current MFA1, loves the fact that students can have these informal conversations about design and process with living legends like Fella. “I went to university for my undergrad,” Waggoner says, “and it was much more of a hierarchic goal system there with professors vs. students. Here I feel like I can really access people, talk to them, and really get down to what matters.”

Anther Kiley says the small size of the program “allows for close faculty mentorship of students. All the GD faculty know all of the students, and there’s a sense of real care and responsibility for each student’s trajectory.”

Classes aren’t structured around a traditional grading system either. Students instead receive evaluations categorized by High Pass, Pass, or the dreaded Low Pass. “There’s an academic rigor here that is maybe unparalleled at other design schools,” says Waggoner. “For example, everyone’s required to take Design Theory, and I think that’s such an important part of figuring out who you are as a designer. What you’re doing, what you’re making, why you’re making it, what is interesting to you, knowing what’s come before, knowing and trying to understand how you can contribute to the future of the field. I love that this place is so academically rigorous but still has a freedom to really explore creatively, visually, and conceptually.”

For all the time spent working in the classroom or studio, there are still moments in the day for downtime, where students can take a nap under a tree or join in instructor Gail Swanlund’s “un-studio” class that, in addition to image-making projects, takes hiking field trips to the many nature trails just a few miles from campus.  “There’s something unique but utterly day-to-day of everyone in proximity,” she says of life at CalArts. “The line between indoors and outdoors is slight, and with one step outside you realize the studios are surrounded by literally purple mountains, glittery sunshine, clacking crows, the expanses of over-watered, sodden lawns, and at night coyotes yipping nearby.”

Faculty member Colin Frazer says they are “dead set on building unstructured time into the curriculum. The notion that one should have time to ‘waste’—to ponder, to converse, to read, to let the mind wander—is truly becoming radical in a world defined by productivity, wealth creation, and efficiency. CalArts is not a place to come if you want someone to tell you what to do.”

Because the program is so small, Anther Kiley and Co-Director Scott Zukowski are able to keep the structure of the curriculum flexible, as they adapt to a changing landscape in higher education. “The challenge that all graphic design programs have been facing,” Kiley says, “is that the tools and media of design are expanding and changing so rapidly. The boundaries of the field are so amorphous and contested, that it’s less and less possible to cover all the bases. In addition, at the MFA level, the conventional two- or three-year residency model of graduate education (with its accompanying price tag) is being challenged by various alternative models.”

This might include “taking our grad students on the road for a semester of roaming residencies, launching an off-site lecture series, facilitating students in initiating experimental studio practices in lieu of a traditional thesis—all of this is very possible here! As a program we’ve always positioned ourselves in provocative tension with mainstream design pedagogy; I don’t think there’s ever been a sense of obligation to  represent the field of graphic design in some sort of comprehensive way. Our focus has always been on rigorously informed formal experimentation, and I see that as continuing to be our hallmark.”

So where do CalArts graduates end up landing jobs once they enter the profession? “Our alumni are geographically and professionally all over the map,” Keedy says. “The undergraduates usually work in the commercial or corporate world, and the grads typically go into cultural or institutional practices. But they are just as likely to pursue an entrepreneurial venture or a combination of different roles over a varied career trajectory.” While there may not be a typical post-CalArts career path, Keedy says that “foremost among the skills we teach is the ability to teach yourself to evolve.”

Keedy recalls his former colleague Louis Danziger’s description of the spirited ethos of the school and student body. “We will always remember Lou for saying, ‘at CalArts, the monkeys run the zoo.’”"]]></description>
<dc:subject>calarts 2017 margaretanderson jeffreykeedy graphicdesign louisesandhaus kathycarbone colinfrazer antherkiley scottzukowski curriculum artseducation lcproject openstudioproject teaching learning howwelearn grades grading practice responsibility care integrated unstructured tcsnmy</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/@irasocol/real-maker-7f735d3dd8fe">
    <title>Real Maker – Ira David Socol – Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2017-04-15T03:47:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/@irasocol/real-maker-7f735d3dd8fe</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I’m not much of a fan of what folks call “Project-Based Learning.” What is sold by places like the Buck Institute is, yes — OK, a step away from school-as-totally-boring, but it is not a step toward student-centered learning, nor toward student agency, nor toward the target of intrinsically motivated children.

So, if work on “Project-Based Learning” comes with a warning sticker that says, “CAUTION: This program does not provide a destination, but only a baby steps toward making your school less miserable” — go for it. But understand that “less miserable for kids” should not be your School Improvement Goal.

Where I work we see this continuum. “Project-Based” adds context to content and helps, yes, but it remains entirely teacher determined education. “Problem-Based” adds critical thinking and perhaps creativity, and begins to break down teacher absolutism. “Passion-Based” puts kids and their interests at the center and changes “teachers” into “educators” who are resourcers, advisors, and supporters.

When we reach Passion-Based Learning we are adding content to context, taking the natural curiosity and interests of kids and making education conform to those individual dreams.

Then we offer the next step — Maker Learning. Maker Learning assumes that children create most of the ecosystem around them. They determine not just curricular context but time and space. High school girls see engineering education as taking place in a bridge building project where a stream interrupts a walking trail. Middle school kids see natural science education happening via a high altitude balloon project. A second grader rejects classroom math instruction and designs both a video game and the physical controller for it.

“I look for whatever the ‘spark’ is,” one of our Learning Technology Integrators said last week. “Whatever the kid says, “this interests me — excites me,” and then we’ll build around that. This year he has rural kids deep into stream rainwater analysis via Arduino- controlled sensors; high school kids, elementary school kids, all working together.

“What I want,” the principal of our largest elementary school told me last week, “is for everyone on my faculty to be the expert on something. Our kids would have homeroom teachers as advisors and supporters, but then they’d spend most of the day going to wherever they needed to work on their projects.” And that would be a true maker school — a school developing truly successful, happy humans in adulthood.

Real Maker doesn’t come from kits or recipes. It isn’t learned by attending a one day lecture. You can’t buy it on Amazon.

Real Maker is an attitude toward children — an attitude toward childhood and adolescence. It begins with trust in kids, requires giving up control, requires that we stop saying “but…” and making excuses, requires that we understand that learning is messy and inefficient, requires that we learn to say, “ I don’t know” a lot — and add the phrase, “how can I help you find out?” to that.

Real Maker requires that you challenge yourself and your understandings of time, of space, of behavior, even-yes, of what student safety means.

Can you actually embrace Maker Education? Will you?"]]></description>
<dc:subject>children education learning unschooling deschooling irasocol 2017 making projectbasedlearning passion-basedlearning technology makers pedagogy howweteach howwelearn curiosity sfsh goals intrinsicmotivation student-centeredlearning agency cv tcsnmy</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://vimeo.com/15650916">
    <title>Conversations with Jessica Howard of the Hiland Hall School on Vimeo</title>
    <dc:date>2017-02-15T03:17:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://vimeo.com/15650916</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Hiland Hall is a small progressive school of about 28 students on the border of Shaftsbury and Bennington in Vermont.

The Hiland Hall School creates a learning environment where students of different ages can interact with each other. They support what's known as an "emergent curriculum"; the curriculum emerges from the thoughts, interests and needs of the students. An overall framework guides them through the year.

The methods are founded upon practice developed over the last thirty years by other progressive institutions such as the Prospect School and Bank Street School.

Principal and founder Jessica Howard has been a teacher for more than three decades. After graduating from Bennington College, she went on to graduate studies at Bank Street College. She taught at the Prospect School from 1965-1991, where she was Coordinator of Curriculum, and was responsible for staff development and supervision of classroom practice. She is regularly asked to speak at seminars and conferences for adults and other teaching professionals, and has served as consultant to several university projects. Jessica is an enthusiastic gardener and is keenly interested in the teaching of math, science and literature."]]></description>
<dc:subject>education progressive progressiveeducation schools learning children parenting sfsh tcsnmy jessicahoward howwelearn howweteach teaching pedagogy curriculum emergentcurriculum canon hilandhall vermont</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.are.na/lukas-wp/experimental-schooling-institutions">
    <title>Are.na / experimental schooling institutions</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-20T19:48:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.are.na/lukas-wp/experimental-schooling-institutions</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Experiments in pushing the boundaries of both education and institution.

see also: http://openschool-workshop.tumblr.com/index http://pioneerworks.org/alternative-art-school-fair/ "]]></description>
<dc:subject>education schools unschooling deschooling sfsh learning tcsnmy artgdp schooling institutions howwelearn are.na</dc:subject>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sfsh"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:learning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:tcsnmy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:artgdp"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:schooling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:institutions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:howwelearn"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:are.na"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://openschool-workshop.tumblr.com/index">
    <title>Open school - Workshop - index</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-20T19:46:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://openschool-workshop.tumblr.com/index</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://www.are.na/lukas-wp/experimental-schooling-institutions ]

"Open school - Workshop is an index collecting alternative art and design education."

"index

Everywhere

Parallel School http://parallel-school.org/
Utopia School http://www.utopiaschool.org/

—————–

Austria - Vienna
Skulp turun draum http://www.skulpturundraum.at/home.html

Australia - Adelaide
Fontanelle http://www.fontanelle.com.au/

Danmark - Aarhus
Wunderland http://www.wunderland.dk/ 

Estonia - Tallinn
Asterisk http://www.asterisk.ee/

Finland- Hanko
Trojan Horse Summer School http://trojanhorse.fi/

France - Boisbuchet 
Boisbuchet http://www.boisbuchet.org/home/

Germany - Dessau-roßlau
Bauhaus Dessau http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/en/index.html 

Germany - Giesse 
Free School Giesse https://freeschoolgiessen.wordpress.com

Germany - Offenbach 
After School Club http://www.afterschoolclub.de/

Greece - Ithaca
Ten Images http://www.tenimages.org/call.php?aa=17

Hungary - Miszla
MAP workshop https://mapworkshop.wordpress.com/

Italy - Urbino
ISIA Urbino Summer School http://www.summerschool-isia.werkplaatstypografie.org/

Japan- Fukuoka
http://www.placer-workshop.com/PLACERWORKSHOP/HOME.html

Latvia - Riga
http://www.issp.lv/en/about/organisation

Lithuania - Vilnius 
Rupert http://www.rupert.lt/ 

Netherlands - Amsterdam
Hackers & Makers http://hackersanddesigners.nl/#/

Netherlands - Rotterdam
http://openset.nl/index.php

Norway - Oslo 
The Ventriloqui Summer School http://the.ventriloqui.st/summerschool/

Portugal - Portal
Travelogue http://travelogue.fba.up.pt/
Porto Summer School http://portosummerschool.idomatic.pt/

Sweden - Stockholm
ANDQUESTIONMARK http://www.andquestionmark.com/
Index Foundation http://indexfoundation.se/

Taiwan - Taipei
JOHNNP  http://johnnp.com

Taiwan - Tainan
Planett http://planett.tw/
 
United Kingdom - London
Blackhorse Workshop http://www.blackhorseworkshop.co.uk/
Booksfromthefuture Summer School  http://booksfromthefuture.info/
Enrol yourself http://www.enrolyourself.com/
Evening Class http://www.evening-class.org/ 
Houserules http://houserules.co.uk/
Into the wild http://chisenhale.co.uk/chisenhale/into-the-wild-call-out-2016-2017/
London Centre for Book Arts  http://www.londonbookarts.org/
Machines Room http://machinesroom.org/
Open School East http://www.openschooleast.org/
School of the Damned http://schoolofthedamned.tumblr.com/
Wick on Wheels http://wickonwheels.net/
Workshop East http://www.workshopeast.co.uk/ 
Workshop for potential http://www.workshopforpotentialdesign.com/

United Kingdom - Glasgow
Graphic Design Festival Scotland http://graphicdesignfestivalscotland.com/
MAKLab http://maklab.co.uk/
Test Unit http://agile-city.com/test-unit/
The After School http://theafterschool.smvi.co/

United Kingdom - Nottingham
Mouldmap http://mouldmap.com/

USA - New York
Aperture http://aperture.org/workshops-classes/
Typographics http://2016.typographics.com/
Topography Summer School http://typographysummerschool.org/
The school of making thinking http://www.theschoolofmakingthinking.com/

Iceland - Seyðisfjörður
Lunga School http://lunga.is/school/ "]]></description>
<dc:subject>sfsh artchools altgdp schools unschooling art learning alternative design open education tcsnmy</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.reggiochildren.it/?libro=participation-is-an-invitation-dvd&amp;lang=en">
    <title>Participation is an invitation: Citizen, Citizenship, Participation DVD | Reggio Children</title>
    <dc:date>2016-11-04T05:23:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.reggiochildren.it/?libro=participation-is-an-invitation-dvd&amp;lang=en</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["During the meetings, as the children used different expressive languages to investigate and interpret the themes and meanings of community and citizenship, their words and ideas emerged more and more clearly.
 
It was immediately visible (and audible!) that we were building a sort of alphabet, a lexicon that inventoried the value of citizenship, participation, city, public places, migration, rights, duties…

The children’s reflections represent a special occasion to re-launch, also in other contexts, the themes of welcome, borders, and democracy, and to elicit, we hope, new stories and new opportunities for listening."]]></description>
<dc:subject>reggioemilia utopia pocketsofutopia environment education preschool children learning openstudioproject lcproject sfsh tcsnmy everyday being cv culture presence togetherness citizenship participation community civics democracy listening</dc:subject>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:culture"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:togetherness"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:citizenship"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:listening"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.reggiochildren.it/?libro=i-tempi-del-tempo&amp;lang=en">
    <title>The Times of Time | Reggio Children</title>
    <dc:date>2016-11-04T05:21:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.reggiochildren.it/?libro=i-tempi-del-tempo&amp;lang=en</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["an interweaving between the learning experiences of the adults, the experimentation of the children, and the photographic images, highlighting an approach to the visual language that is constructed in a context of many relationships"]]></description>
<dc:subject>reggioemilia utopia pocketsofutopia environment education preschool children learning openstudioproject lcproject sfsh tcsnmy everyday being cv culture presence togetherness relationships photography</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:66fb74d1d198/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.reggiochildren.it/?libro=utopie-quotidiane&amp;lang=en">
    <title>Everyday Utopias DVD | Reggio Children</title>
    <dc:date>2016-11-04T05:20:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.reggiochildren.it/?libro=utopie-quotidiane&amp;lang=en</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Here we present two videos that are part of The Wonder of Learning - The Hundred Languages of Children exhibition.
 
They describe a day in an infant-toddler centre and a day in a preschool: the everyday-ness of being together, the strength of a way of organizing that is designed but light, knowledgeable but flexible; a special care for the environments and the way of being at school, the idea that the infant-toddler centre and preschool are places in which culture is created.
 
Our hope is to “raise normal children as the result of a hard-won and everyday utopia” (Loris Malaguzzi)."]]></description>
<dc:subject>reggioemilia utopia pocketsofutopia environment education preschool children learning openstudioproject lcproject sfsh tcsnmy everyday being cv culture togetherness presence lorismalaguzzi</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://aeon.co/essays/dewey-knew-how-to-teach-democracy-and-we-must-not-forget-it">
    <title>Dewey knew how to teach democracy and we must not forget it | Aeon Essays</title>
    <dc:date>2016-08-02T02:14:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://aeon.co/essays/dewey-knew-how-to-teach-democracy-and-we-must-not-forget-it</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In 1897, Dewey described his ‘pedagogic creed’ as ‘individualistic’ and ‘socialistic’ because it sees the need to nurture each child’s unique talents and interests in a supportive community. …

For Dewey, however, it was not enough to ensure that his own children received a good education. He maintained that the future of US democracy hinged on offering a well-rounded, personalised education to all children and not just those of the wealthy, intelligent or well-connected. Dewey’s pedagogic creed is that ‘education is the fundamental method of social progress and reform’. Schools could teach students and communities to exercise autonomy and make democracy a concrete reality. The very name of the Laboratory School suggests that Dewey wanted the ideas developed there to be disseminated among education researchers and policymakers. What was unacceptable was a two-tiered education system that reinforced class and racial divisions. …

Why does this matter? Progressive education teaches children to pursue their own interests and exercise their voice in their community. In the 20th century, these kinds of young people participated in the movements against the Vietnam War and for civil rights. They founded Greenpeace and Students for a Democratic Society, listened to the Beatles and attended Woodstock, and established artistic communities and organic groceries. Though Dewey was not a beatnik, a hippy or a countercultural figure himself, his philosophy of education encourages young people to fight for a world where everyone has the freedom and the means to express their own personality. The education reform movement is not just about making kids take standardised tests; it is about crushing a rebellious spirit that often gives economic and political elites a headache. …

Dewey’s philosophy exercised a profound impact on US education in the mid-20th century. One reason is that many powerful individuals and groups advocated his ideas, including at Teachers College, Columbia University, as well as at the Progressive Education Association, at the US Office of Education and at state departments of education. Dewey’s influence peaked during the ‘Great Compression’, the decades after the Second World War when the middle class had the clout to say that what is good for wealthy people’s kids is what is good for their own. In Democracy and Education, Dewey envisioned schools ‘equipped with laboratories, shops and gardens, where dramatisations, plays and games are freely used’. If a public school has a gymnasium, an art studio, a garden, a playground or a library, then one can see Dewey’s handiwork.

In 1985, a few scholars wrote a book called The Shopping Mall High School to deride the tendency in the US to offer a wide array of courses, many of which have a tenuous connection to academic subjects. For Dewey, however, the other side of this story is that schools and communities were trying to find ways to engage children. As we shall see, Dewey did not think that schools should simply pander to children’s current interests. At the same time, he opposed efforts to impose a ready-made curriculum on children across the country – or, more pointedly, on those whose parents could not afford to send them to private schools. …

The task of the teacher, according to Dewey, is to harness the child’s interest to the educational process. ‘The problem of instruction is thus that of finding material which will engage a person in specific activities having an aim or purpose of moment or interest to him.’ Teachers can employ Dewey’s insight by having a pet rabbit in the classroom. As students take care of the animal, and watch it hop about the classroom, they become interested in a host of topics: how to feed animals, the proper care of animals, the occupation of veterinarians, and biology. Rather than teach material in an abstract manner to young children, a wise teacher brings the curriculum into ‘close quarters with the pupil’s mind’.

According to Dewey, teachers should cultivate a student’s natural interest in the flourishing of others. It is a mistake to interpret interest as self-interest. Our thriving is intimately connected with the flourishing of other people. The role of democratic education is to help children see their own fate as entwined with that of the community’s, to see that life becomes richer if we live among others pursuing their own interests. Democracy means ‘equitably distributed interests’. All children – rich, poor, black, white, male, female, and so forth – should have the opportunity to discover and cultivate their interests. Schools ought to be the site where we model a society that reconciles individualism and socialism, and that allows each child to add her own distinct voice to society’s choir.

What is controversial about Dewey’s concept of interest? Sometimes, far-right groups share the following quote attributed to Dewey: ‘Children who know how to think for themselves spoil the harmony of the collective society, which is coming, where everyone is interdependent.’ There is no factual basis for this attribution, and for good reason: it contravenes Dewey’s ambition to achieve a higher synthesis between strong-willed individuals and a democratic society, not to crush a child’s individuality for the sake of social uniformity. Dewey makes this point crystal clear in his essay ‘The School and Society’ (1899), where he announces a Copernican revolution in education whereby ‘the child becomes the sun about which the appliances of education revolve’.

Here, then, we understand the explosive core of Dewey’s philosophy of education. He wants to empower children to think for themselves and cooperate with each other. The purpose of widely distributing interests is to break down ‘barriers of class, race, and national territory’ and ‘secure to all the wards of the nation equality of equipment for their future careers’. Imagine a world without racism or sexism, one where all children get the same kind of education as the wisest and wealthiest parents demand for their own children, and one that trains workers to question whether their interests are being served by the current ownership and use of the means of production. Dewey is the spiritual head of the New Left whose writings have both inspired teachers and infused schools, and provoked a reaction from those who detest this political vision. …

Dewey believes that educators need to place themselves in the mind of the child, so to speak, to determine how to begin their education journeys. ‘An end which is the child’s own carries him on to possess the means of its accomplishment.’ Many parents who take their families to children’s museums are acting upon this idea. A good museum will teach children for hours without them ever becoming conscious of learning as such. Climbing through a maze gives children opportunities to solve problems; floating vessels down an indoor stream teaches children about water and hydrodynamics; building a structure with bricks and then placing it on a rumbling platform introduces children to architecture: all of these activities make learning a joy.

For Dewey, however, it is essential that educators lead children on a considered path to the cutting-edge of scientific knowledge on a multitude of topics. A good teacher will place stimuli in front of children that will spark their imagination and inspire them to solve the problem at hand. The goal is to incrementally increase the challenges so that students enter what the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky in the 1920s called ‘the zone of proximal development’ where they stretch their mental faculties. At a certain point, children graduate from museums and enter a more structured curriculum. There can be intermediary or supplementary steps – say, when they make a business plan, learn to sail, or intern at an architect’s office. Eventually, teachers have to rely on traditional methods of reading, lecturing and testing to make sure that students learn the material.

In the conclusion to ‘The Child and the Curriculum’, Dewey enjoins: ‘Let the child’s nature fulfil its own destiny, revealed to you in whatever of science and art and industry the world now holds as its own.’ He has faith that the child’s nature will find expression in the highest forms of human endeavour and that, for example, a kindergarten artist might grow into an accomplished painter. Dewey also believes that individual expression tends to lead to socially beneficial activities. These articles of faith are not necessarily vindicated by experience. Sometimes children choose the wrong path, and sometimes well-educated individuals seek to profit from other people’s misery. …

Dewey shows us that appeals to democracy carry weight. We recoil at the notion that some children deserve a better education than others because of their parents’ political or economic status. Nobody will say with a straight face that wealthy children should be raised to lead, while middle- or lower-class children are raised to follow, or that the kind of education available at the finest private schools in the US should be an exclusive privilege of those born with silver spoons in their mouths. ‘What the best and wisest parent wants for his own child, that must the community want for all of its children. Any other ideal for our schools is narrow and unlovely; acted upon, it destroys our democracy.’ Dewey’s words ring as true today as they did a century ago. In the face of the unrelenting attack of the education reform movement, we must fight to actualise Dewey’s vision of great schools providing the foundation for a living democracy."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/07/18/how-can-schools-prioritize-for-the-best-ways-kids-learn/">
    <title>How Can Schools Prioritize For The Best Ways Kids Learn? | MindShift | KQED News</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-20T19:04:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/07/18/how-can-schools-prioritize-for-the-best-ways-kids-learn/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Educators know the world has changed and are increasingly acknowledging that it’s time to be asking different questions about what it means to improve education. Richardson travels around the world for his work and can point to examples of schools and districts that are asking themselves difficult questions to propel change. The successful ones are letting the answer to the question, “How do kids learn best?” drive everything they do in schools.

…

Schools need to have a clear vision, rooted in today’s context and a set of practices that reflect those two things. When he consults with schools, Richardson said he most commonly sees a lack of vision based in how students learn. In his many talks he shares a list of things educators know intuitively about how kids learn best alongside a list of things schools do because it’s easier for adults. He says if educators want to shift education to the modern context, they need to prioritize things that help students learn best.

“It’s about doing work that matters,” Richardson said. “It’s about connections. It’s about play. It’s about cultures where kids and teachers are learners.” When schools have a set of beliefs about learning and enact those beliefs through practice, but don’t anchor what they are doing in today’s context, they may be doing something progressive, but also a little irrelevant. Beliefs and contexts without practice leads to ineffective teaching. The sweet spot for a very different type of education system lies in the Venn diagram of all three: beliefs, context and practice.

[diagram]

“Kids deserve consistency that is grounded in a belief system,” Richardson said. He has talked with students who hate that they have to adapt to completely different expectations, structures, and rules in every class. When a school isn’t unified around a vision the experience for students can be very disorienting.

To begin moving towards what Richardson calls a “modern education” system, he says educators need to learn, educate, articulate, and then do it.

LEARN

It’s no longer enough for teachers to get a credential and then sit back and teach the same content year after year. Richardson says to be part of modern learning, teachers need to actively educate themselves about the context students live in and how they can improve as educators.

“There’s never been a more amazing time to be a learner,” Richardson said. “How are we in education not running towards that in our own personal lives and embracing that?”

It’s not just about connecting on Twitter with other educators or asking for professional development about technology. If teachers are waiting for a planned PD about something they are probably already stuck. “You have to have the disposition of an eight-year old to find your own learning,” Richardson said.

EDUCATE

“You probably aren’t going to be able to do this by yourself, so go out and build capacity,” Richardson said. Parents, community members, students and school board members can be allies for making the shift. Richardson points to CCSD59 as an example of a district that reaches out to all parent populations, communicates about vision and practice through a blog and educates with its Facebook page. “They are constantly putting practice in front of people to build their capacity to engage,” Richardson said.

ARTICULATE

Articulating a mission statement about where students should be when they graduate and actualizing it with a vision that lays out how to get there, is a key step in slowly making the shift Richardson describes. It can be difficult to interrogate longstanding policies and choices, but if districts, schools and individual educators can’t reflect on what’s working and what isn’t, articulate a change, and begin doing it, the education system as a whole will become irrelevant.

DO IT

“This is really hard, but I think it’s worth it,” Richardson said. Teachers can start by picking one area of the curriculum and letting students own it. Then advocate for that practice, and connect with other educators who are doing it. There comes a point when talking about the need to change is no longer enough; educators who resonate with Richardson’s message, have to jump in and try it."

[See also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxyKNMrhEvY ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://usergeneratededucation.wordpress.com/2016/06/14/maker-education-pedagogy-andragogy-heutagogy/">
    <title>Maker Education: Pedagogy, Andragogy, Heutagogy | User Generated Education</title>
    <dc:date>2016-06-23T19:53:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://usergeneratededucation.wordpress.com/2016/06/14/maker-education-pedagogy-andragogy-heutagogy/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Maker education is currently a major trend in education. But just saying that one is doing Maker Education really doesn’t define the teaching practices that an educator is using to facilitate it. Maker education takes on many forms. This post provides an overview of how maker education is being implemented based on the teaching practices as defined by the  Pedagogy, Andragogy, Heutagogy (PAH) continuum.

[chart]

Traditionally, Pedagogy was defined as the art of teaching children and Andragogy as teaching adults. These definitions have evolved to reflect teacher practices. As such, andragogical and heutagogical practices can be used with children and youth.

PAH within a Maker Education Framework

The following chart distinguishes and describes maker education within the PAH framework. All teaching styles have a place in Maker Education. For example, pedagogical practices may be needed to teach learners some basic making skills. It helps to scaffold learning, so learners have a foundation for making more complex projects. I do, though, believe that maker education projects and programs should go beyond pedagogical oriented teaching as the overriding goal of maker education is for learners to create something, anything that they haven’t before.

Driving Questions

• Pedagogy – How well can you create this particular maker education project?
• Andragogy –  How can this prescribed maker project by adapted and modified?
• Heutagogy – What do you want to make?

Overall Purpose or Goal

• Pedagogy – To teach basic skills as a foundation for future projects – scaffolding.
• Andragogy – To provide some structure so learners can be self-directed.
• Heutogogy – To establish an environment where learners can determine their own goals, learning paths, processes, and products for making.

Role of the Educator

• Pedagogy – To teach, demonstrate, help learners do the maker education project correctly.
• Andragogy – To facilitate, assist learners, mentor
• Heutagogy – To coach, mentor, be a sounding board, be a guide very much on the side.

Making Process

• Pedagogy – Use of prescribed kits, templates; step-by-step directions and tutorials.
• Andragogy  – Use of some templates; learners add their own designs and embellishments.
• Heutagogy -Open ended; determined by the learner.

Finish Products

• Pedagogy – A maker project that looks and acts like the original model.
• Andragogy – A maker project that has some attributes of the original model but that includes the learner’s original ideas.
• Heutagogy – A maker project that is unique to the learner (& to the learning community)."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://chronicle.com/article/A-Letter-to-Past/236870">
    <title>A Letter to Past Graduate-Student Me - The Chronicle of Higher Education</title>
    <dc:date>2016-06-23T18:39:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://chronicle.com/article/A-Letter-to-Past/236870</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://twitter.com/davidtedu/status/746017338625953794 ]

[my response:
https://twitter.com/rogre/status/746022572936986626
https://twitter.com/rogre/status/746022887371345920

"Why this inventory first at grad school?
1. “grades are no longer the yardstick”
2. “be critical”
3. “colleagues-in-the-making”
4. “conversation between you & the other students”
5. “skimming”
6. “curtail your competitive nature”
7. summary: responsibility ]

"Your grades. I know you’re pretty pleased with yourself for earning an A- on your senior thesis, but you need to learn that grades mean something different in graduate school. Nearly everyone gets an A- or an A in every history class, and after a certain point everything will be pass/fail. Sure, if you decide to change programs, you’ll want a high GPA. But you should stop stressing over the outcome of each semester because your grades are no longer the yardstick by which your successes will be measured.

What your professors expect — more than anything — is for you to want to learn because you’re passionate about a topic, not because you’re passionate about doing well. Stop trying to figure out grading criteria, and start wrapping your head around new trends in your subfield. "Success" is measured, in part, by your ability to identify omissions in current scholarship, and to win funding to write about them and why they matter.

Your seminars. Another thing your professors will want you to be enthusiastic about is their seminars. The hours we spend teaching graduate students are when we as faculty are most able to draw upon our own research.

Go to class regularly but remember that, at this level, professors are not here to chase you about attendance. If you have to miss seminar for a reasonable reason (you’re legitimately sick, you have a job interview, or you have a childcare or family crisis), let us know, as most of us will be sympathetic. But if you need to miss seminar because you’re hungover, didn’t do the reading, or planned a vacation without looking at the semester’s calendar, don’t explain any of that to your professors. Just take the absence, and assume that it reflects poorly on you as a student.

When you do come to class, it won’t be the same as your senior-year seminars. You’ll encounter more challenging readings. Many professors use graduate courses to both run through established, canonical texts, and to catch up on the newest scholarship in the field. So get ready for some easy readings, some articles that will make you want to throw things, and some texts that will prompt you to question why you were asked to go through them at all. As you read, remember that graduate school should transform you into a good scholar and colleague. It’s OK to be critical of a book, but you need to learn how to be critical in a constructive, respectful way. (Keep in mind: The professor might be friends with the author.)

Our teaching style might also surprise you. If it does, it’s because we are thinking of you as colleagues-in-the-making, rather than students. That means: Expect less guidance on what to make of the readings, and minimal stretches of time when we seem to feed you information. Don’t count on being told whether your comments on the reading are on track or not — you may even find that you’re expected to lead discussion and to tell fellow students whether their assessments of the reading seem convincing.

Perhaps the most significant change is that you and your fellow students’ contributions are expected to fill almost the entirety of the seminar time. You are our peers-in-training, and we expect to hear you speak more than we do during these meetings. Don’t use class time to try to have an extended conversation featuring just you and the professor. Think of seminar as a conversation between you and the other students, with the professor there to moderate discussion.

Is there someone in class who always seems to have grasped the author’s argument and the book’s significance? You should be picking up tips for strategic reading from them, rather than wondering why no one else besides you had a problem with the footnote on page 394. And while we’re at it, learn to skim (and no, Past Me, "skimming" does not mean putting the book on your lap and turning the pages faster than usual), and become best friends with book reviews.

You should be getting the sense that graduate school — starting with the master’s — is about strategic study. Spend the most time with the texts and sources that interest you. But be smart about how what you’re reading will help you write your M.A. thesis, how it will help you study for comprehensive exams, or how it will aid you as you conceptualize the dissertation (if you plan to go that far).

Be deliberate about your end-of-semester research papers. Many professors will be willing to let you bend the chronological and geographic scope of our classes if it means you will write the seminar paper that is most useful for you in the future.

Your work versus your life. So, Past Me, that’s a lot of advice about coursework — but graduate school should have work/life balance.

You’ll need to curtail your competitive nature in graduate school. Don’t get me wrong: You can and should be aware of what other people in your cohort and the cohort above you are writing and planning to publish, and you should have a sense of the significant grants in your discipline and who’s recently won them. But do not try to write "better" or faster than other people. Figure out your writing and reading styles, do what works for you, and remember that a few of your fellow students might be future colleagues. Save your competitiveness for your department’s intramural sports teams, which will provide excellent opportunities to pursue work/life balance and to get humiliated by undergraduates who are in much better shape.
You should also be a good citizen. Turn up to departmental seminars, and, if graduate students are invited, to job talks. Seminars and university lectures are good opportunities to take the pulse of a given field, and sitting in the audience might spark research ideas you hadn’t considered for your own work. Attending job talks will give you an excellent opportunity to see what works — and what doesn’t — as A.B.D.s and new Ph.D.s try to sell themselves on the job market.

Finally, banish the following phrase from your vocabulary: "No one told me that …"

Graduate school is an exercise in people not telling you things. It’s also an exercise in learning when to ask questions, and whom to ask. Make it your job to be informed. Read your graduate school’s handbook, and go speak with your department’s amazing administrators if you have initial questions. They will not say no to chocolate. Read The Professor Is In, but also ask people who were recently on the job market whether her advice worked for them in your discipline. When senior scholars come to give talks, take the opportunity to go for drinks with them if that option is available to graduate students, and seek their advice about research and publishing. Read The Chronicle’s forums. Meet regularly with your adviser, but keep in mind that you are the one who should request those meetings.

Most of all, take responsibility for your graduate-school experience. It’s going to be tough; but it’s going to be fun, too.

Hugs, caffeine, and work/life balance,

Future Me"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.academia.edu/9610631/Unlocking_the_World_Education_in_an_Ethic_of_Hospitality">
    <title>Unlocking the World: Education in an Ethic of Hospitality | Claudia Ruitenberg - Academia.edu</title>
    <dc:date>2016-04-07T06:43:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.academia.edu/9610631/Unlocking_the_World_Education_in_an_Ethic_of_Hospitality</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Unlocking the World proposes hospitality as a guiding ethic for education. Based on the work of Jacques Derrida, it suggests that giving place to children and newcomers is at the heart of education. The primary responsibility of the host is not to assimilate newcomers into tradition but rather to create or leave a place where they may arrive. Hospitality as a guiding ethic for education is discussed in its many facets, including the decentered conception of subjectivity on which it relies, the way it casts the relation between teacher and student, and its conception of curriculum as an inheritance that asks for a critical reception. The book examines the relation between an ethic of hospitality and the educational contexts in which it would guide practice. Since these contexts are marked by gender, culture, and language, it asks how such differences affect enactments of hospitality. Since hospitality typically involves a power difference between host and guest, the book addresses how an ethic of hospitality accounts for power, whether it is appropriate for educational contexts marked by colonialism, and how it might guide education aimed at social justice."]]></description>
<dc:subject>via:steelemaley claudiaruitenberg hospitality education howweteach howwelearn unschooling deschooling tcsnmy lcproject openstudioproject ethics socialjustice colonialism jacquesderrida gender culture power hierarchy horizontality teaching teachers criticalpedagogy subjectivity translocality</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://ioelondonblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/23/the-hundred-languages-of-childhood-know-no-age-bounds/">
    <title>The hundred languages of childhood know no age bounds | IOE LONDON BLOG</title>
    <dc:date>2016-03-26T19:38:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://ioelondonblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/23/the-hundred-languages-of-childhood-know-no-age-bounds/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Loris Malaguzzi (1920-94) was one of the great educationalists of the 20th century. He was a thinker, but also a doer, a council employee who played a leading role in the evolution of a network of municipal schools in the Italian city of Reggio Emilia, 70 kilometres west of Bologna. Today, the schools and Malaguzzi are  an inspiration to those who resist the spread of neoliberal and neoconservative education policies.

Most educationalists won’t have heard of Reggio Emilia or Malaguzzi. This is in part because both are Italian, and most of his work is in Italian. A newly published book – ‘Loris Malaguzzi and the Schools of Reggio Emilia’ – edited by myself and colleagues in Reggio Emilia, aims to rectify this, with English translations of a selection of his writings and speeches, starting in 1945 (when, as he wrote ‘everything seemed possible’). But there’s another reason. Malaguzzi and Reggio Emilia are world famous for early childhood education, a field largely untrodden by the rest of education. Yet Malaguzzi was convinced that he was engaged in a project of educational renewal, which knew no age bounds.

What lessons does Malaguzzi have for all education? He insists that education is, first and foremost, a political practice, always about making choices between conflicting alternatives. One of the most important choices concerns our understanding or image of the child – who do we think the child is? Answer that question, Malaguzzi argued, and all else – policy, provision, practice – follows. Of course every educational policy and service is based on a particular image, but one that is invariably implicit and unacknowledged; policy documents typically neither ask nor answer the question. But Reggio Emilia does.

Malaguzzi insisted that ‘a declaration [about the image of the child] is…the necessary premise for any pedagogical theory, and any pedagogical project’. And he was clear about his image: ‘We say all children are rich, there are no poor children. All children whatever their culture, whatever their lives are rich, better equipped, more talented, stronger and more intelligent than we can suppose’.

Rich children are born with a ‘hundred languages’, the term he used to suggest the many and diverse ways children can express themselves and relate to the world – ranging from manifold forms of art to maths, sciences and technologies. Malaguzzi was damning about the damage usually done to these languages by education: ‘Children have a hundred languages: they rob them of ninety nine, school and culture.’ Instead, he strove to nurture languages, for example through ateliers and atelieristas – art workshops and artist-educators found in most Reggio schools. Atelieristas were also there to confront traditional and narrow pedagogy, to ‘provoke some less convenient directions capable of breaking with the professional and cultural routine.’

For Malaguzzi, education was about constructing new knowledge and thought. He valued wonder and surprise, the unpredicted and the unexpected, making connections and inter-disciplinarity. The strength of Reggio, Malaguzzi believed, was that all the time ‘something unexpected, something that surprised us or made us marvel, something that disappointed us, something that humiliated us, would burst out in a child or in the children.’ While he despised what he termed ‘testology’ – ‘which is nothing but a ridiculous simplification of knowledge and a robbing of meaning from individual histories’ – and its partner ‘prophetic pedagogy’, which knows everything [that will happen], does not have one uncertainty, is absolutely imperturbable… [It] prophesies everything, to the point that it is capable of giving you recipes for little bits of actions, minute by minute, hour by hour, objective by objective, five minutes by five minutes. This is something so coarse, so cowardly, so humiliating of teachers’ ingenuity, a complete humiliation for children’s ingenuity and potential.

If making choices about understandings was an important part of education’s political practice, making choices about values was another. Malaguzzi’s choice included uncertainty and subjectivity, solidarity and cooperation and, perhaps most important of all, participation and democracy. As a ‘living centre of open and democratic culture’, opening out not only to families but also to its local neighbourhood, the school should be capable of ‘living out processes and issues of partici­pation and democracy.’ Democracy, for Malaguzzi, was not just a matter of participant social management and participatory accountability, important as both were; it should suffuse all relationships and practices – democracy in a Deweyan sense of ‘a mode of associated living’.

If Malaguzzi placed political practice first, this did not mean he ignored technical practice. He thought organisation was vital, though always serving politics and ethics, and was constantly asking under what conditions can innovation work. Indeed, it was this attention to organisational detail and technical practice that has enabled the municipal schools of Reggio Emilia to become the most extensive and sustained example of radical, democratic, public education in the world. Faced by a hidebound education system, Loris Malaguzzi showed that there are alternatives, that another world is possible.

A final point needs emphasising at a time when local authorities in England are being squeezed out of any role in the provision of schools. Reggio Emilia’s schools are municipal schools; this innovative experience was initiated and nurtured by the city council. Malaguzzi himself was a council employee, putting me in mind of equally inspired heads of local education authorities in England. As a believer in public, democratic education, embedded in its local community, Malaguzzi thought that the democratic expression of that community, the commune or local authority, should be a main protagonist in the provision of schools for young children (and other services). Academisation may make all the running at present, but Malaguzzi and the schools of Reggio Emilia remind us that there are alternatives."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://rubble.heppell.net/three/">
    <title>Rule of Three and other ideas</title>
    <dc:date>2016-03-18T02:45:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://rubble.heppell.net/three/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["and other handy thoughts: so many folks have asked me for a "quick start" set of rules for the design of 3rd Millennium learning spaces...
... this Rule of Three section and some of the other ideas here (see top of this page), have all been well received in conferences, seminars and most importantly adopted / shared with success by practitioners. These are proven, working ideas, so I thought it was time to park some of them on a web page:

***

rule of three - physical

I guess rule one is really that there is no absolutely right way to make learning better - schools are all different, their communities, contexts vary and as I have often observed on a windy day they become different places again. So you build your local recipe for great learning from the trusted and tested ingredients of others, adding a bit of local flair too. But this rule of three helps:

one: never more than three walls

two: no fewer than three points of focus

three: always able to accommodate at least three teachers, three activities (for the larger spaces three full "classes" too)

make no mistake - this is not a plea for those ghastly open plan spaces of the 1960s with their thermoplastic floors under high alumina concrete beams - with the consequent cacophony that deafened their teachers. Today's third millennium learning spaces are multi-faceted, agile (and thus easily re-configured by users as they use them), but allow all effective teaching and learning approaches, now and in the future, to be incorporated: collaborative work, mentoring, one-on-one, quiet reading, presentation, large group team taught groups... and more.


***

rule of three - pedagogic

one: ask three then me

A simple way to encourage peer support, especially in a larger mixed age, stage not age space, but it even works fine in a small 'traditional" closed single class classroom. Put simply the students should ask 3 of their peers before approaching the teacher for help. I've watched, amused in classes where a student approaches the teacher who simply holds up 3 fingers, with a quizzical expression and the student paused, turned and looked for help for her peers first. Works on so many levels...

two: three heads are better than one

Everyone engaging in team teaching reports that, once you get over the trust-wall of being confident that your colleagues will do their bit (see Superclasses) the experience of working with others, the professional gains, and the reduction in workloads are real and worthwhile. You really do learn rapidly from other teachers, the children's behaviour defaults to the expectations of the teacher in the room with the highest expectations, and so on. Remarkably schools especially report on the rapid progress of newly qualified teachers who move forward so quickly that people forget they are still NQTs. And older teachers at career end become rejuvenated by a heady mix of new ideas and of self esteem as they see that their "teaching craft" skills are valued and valuable.

three: three periods a day or fewer

Particularly in 2ndary schools a fragmented timetable of 5 or 6 lessons a day wastes so much time stopping and starting. Children arrive and spend, say, 3 minutes getting unpacked, briefed and started, then end 2 minutes before the "bell" and have 5 minutes travelling time between classes. On a 5 period day that is (3+2+5) x 5 = 50 minutes "lost" each day, 50 x 5 = 250 lost each week, which is effectively throwing away a day a week. Longer blocks, immersion can be solid blocks of a day of more, some schools even adopt a week, gets students truly engaged - and serves as a clear barrier to Dick Turpin teaching ("Stand and Deliver!") - which simply cannot be sustained for long blocks of time - thank goodness. This doesn't mean that the occasional "rapid fire" day (a bit like pedagogic Speed Dating!) can't be used to add variety. But longer blocks of time work better mainly.


***

rule of three - BYOD / UMOD

some schools adopting Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), or more recently Use My Own Device (UMOD - somehow, bringing them wasn't enough!) initially adopted really comprehensive "acceptable use policies" - bulging folders of policy that were neither understood nor adhered too (see for example the "sacrificial phones" mention under "What young people say" in the 2011 Nominet funded Cloudlearn research project).

Today though (2015) schools around the world, from Scandinavia to Australasia, are simpifying all this by three simple rules.

one: phones out, on the desk, screen up

Not everyone has a "desk" anymore of course, but the point here is that a device hidden under a work surface is more likely to be a problem than one on the worksurface, screen up. This makes it quick and easy to use, where appropriate, and simple to monitor by teachers or peers.

two: if you bring it, be prepared to share sometimes

This is more complex that it looks. Obviously handing your phone or tablet over to just anyone isn't going to happen, but the expectation that friends, or project collaborators, might simply pick up "your" device and chat to Siri, Google for resources, or whatever, means that bullying, inappropriate texts / images, or general misdemeanours are always likely to be discovered. Transparency is your friend here, secrecy masks mischief - and the expectation of occasional sharing is transparency enough. It also helps students develop simply safety / security habits - like logging out of social media to prevent Frapping or similar.

three: if you bring it, the school might notice and respond positively

If you've brought your own device along, the least you might expect is that the school gives you useful things to do, that you could not otherwise do, or couldn't do so well, without that device.

This requires a bit of imagination all round! A simple example would be the many schools that now do outdoor maths project tasks using the devices GPS trace capability (the device is sealed in a box during the excercise) like the children below tasked with drawing a Christmas tree on the park next to their school: estimating skills, geometry, measurement, scale, collaboration.... and really jolly hard to do with a pencil!

[image of a GPS traced tree]

***
 
knowing the 3rd millennium ABCs

A

ambition: how good might your children be?

agility: how quickly can we reconfigure to catch the wave - at a moment, only over a year, or at best across a generation?

astonishment: we want people to be astonished by what these children, and teachers, might achieve - how do we showcase this? how do we respond to it ourselves?

B

brave: what are others doing, what tested ideas can we borrow, how can we feed our own ideas to others? Brave is not foolhardy or reckless!

breadth: learning reaches out to who? embraces what? what support do you give for your school's grandparents for example?

blockers: you will need help with beating the blockers - if you run at the front, you need resources that win arguments: what is the evidence that...? why doesn't everyone do this...? where can I see it in action...? why should I change, ever...? all this exists of course (see top of page for example), but you need to organise it and be ready with it. A direct example is this workshop manual we developed for the new science spaces at Perth's Wesley College in Australia.

C

collegiality: that sense of belonging, of us-ness, sense of family, sharing, co-exploring, research. Also a sense of us (the team working on this innovation) being learners too - and able to show that we are trying cool stuff too - you won't win hearts and minds by saying but not doing;

communication: how does a learning space / building communicate what happens within? and this is about symmetry: how does the school listen to what happens outside school? how do we share and exchange all this with others?

collaboration: we don't want to be told, but we want to do this with others. How do we share what we learn as we do it? Who do we share with? How do we learn from them?"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://linkis.com/www.periscope.tv/w/fi8Hr">
    <title>Don Wettrick on Periscope: &quot;Discussion over #innovation in the classroom w @willrich45&quot; - Linkis.com</title>
    <dc:date>2016-03-04T16:21:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://linkis.com/www.periscope.tv/w/fi8Hr</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[discussing: 
http://willrichardson.com/post/140338223225/stop-innovating-in-schools-please
also at:
https://medium.com/@willrich45/stop-innovating-in-schools-please-b9246151be7#.wa1so19u4 ]

[another class discussed the same Will Richardson post: http://linkis.com/www.periscope.tv/w/fi8Hr ]]]></description>
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    <title>Personal and Personalized Learning ~ Stephen Downes</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-23T09:57:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/page.cgi?post=65065</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We hear the phrase ‘personalized learning’ a lot these days, so much so that it has begun to lose its meaning. Wikipedia tells us that it is the “tailoring of pedagogy, curriculum and learning environments by learners or for learners in order to meet their different learning needs and aspirations.” i

Even this short definition provides us with several dimensions across which personalization may be defined. Each of these has been the subject of considerable debate in the field:
•    Pedagogy – do we need to differentiate instruction according to student variables or ‘learning styles’, or is this all a big myth?
•    Curriculum – should students study the same subjects in the same order, beginning with ‘foundational’ subjects such as reading or mathematics, or can we vary this order for different students?
•    Learning environments – should students work in groups in a collaborative classroom, or can they learn on their own at home or with a computer?

In personalized learning today, the idea is to enable technology to make many of these decisions for us. For example, adaptive learning entails the presentation of different course content based on a student’s prior experience or performance in learning tasks.

What these approaches have in common, though, is that in all cases learning is something that is provided to the learner by some educational system, whether it be a school and a teacher, or a computer and adaptive learning software. And these providers work from a standard model of what should be provided and how it should be provided, and adapt and adjust it according to a set of criteria. These criteria are determined by measuring some aspect  of the student’s performance.

This is why we read a lot today about ‘learning analytics’ and ‘big data’. The intent behind such systems is to use the data collected from a large number of students working in similar learning environments toward similar learning outcomes in order to make better recommendations to future students. The ‘optimized learning path’ for any given learner is found by analyzing the most successful path followed by the most similar students.

It’s an open question whether we improve learning employing such methods. Presumably, using trial and error, and employing a wide variety of pedagogical, curricular and environmental variables, we could come upon some statistically significant results. But the question is whether we should apply these methods, for two reasons.

First, individual variability outweighs statistical significance. We see this in medicine. While, statistically, a certain treatment might make the most sense, no doctor would prescribe such a treatment without first assessing the individual and making sure that the generalization actually applies, because in many cases it doesn’t, and the doctor is sworn to ‘do no harm’.

Second, and perhaps more importantly, it shouldn’t be up to the education system to determine what a person learns, how they learn it, and where. Many factors go into such decisions: individual preferences, social and parental expectations, availability of resources, or employability and future prospects. The best educational outcome isn’t necessarily the best outcome.

For these reasons, it may be preferably to embrace an alternative to personalized learning, which might be called personal learning. In the case of personal learning, the role of the educational system is not to provide learning, it is to support learning. Meanwhile, the decisions about what to learn, how to learn, and where to learn are made outside the educational system, and principally, by the individual learners themselves.

Personal learning often begins informally, on an ad hoc basis, driven by the need to complete some task or achieve some objective. The learning is a means to an end, rather than the end in itself. Curricula and pedagogy are selected pragmatically. If the need is short term and urgent, a simple learning resource may be provided. If the person wants to understand at a deep level, then a course might be the best option.

Personalized learning is like being served at a restaurant. Someone else selects the food and prepares it. There is some customization – you can tell the waiter how you want your meat cooked – but essentially everyone at the restaurant gets the same experience.

Personal learning is like shopping at a grocery store. You need to assemble the ingredients yourself and create your own meals. It’s harder, but it’s a lot cheaper, and you can have an endless variety of meals. Sure, you might not get the best meals possible, but you control the experience, and you control the outcome.

When educators and policy-makers talk about personalized learning, they frequently focus on the quality of the result. But this is like everybody should eat at restaurants in order to be sure they always get the healthiest meal possible. It may seem like the best option, but even the best restaurant can’t cater to the wide range of different tastes and nutritional needs, and no restaurant will help the person learn to cook for themselves.

Ultimately, if people are to become effective learners, they need to be able to learn on their own. They need to be able to find the resources they need, assemble their own curriculum, and forge their own learning path. They will not be able to rely on education providers, because their needs are too many and too varied. "]]></description>
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    <title>Feel Train</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-23T08:44:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://feeltrain.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[http://feeltrain.com/blog/hello-feel-train/ 

"I am incredibly proud to announce that Courtney Stanton and I are starting a creative technology cooperative called Feel Train. We build tech that creates dynamic and nuanced interactions between humans and computers. We eschew meme generation and instead confront people with their own humanity by putting them face to face with the inhuman. And as of today we're available for hire.

So. We're a creative technology cooperative. I'll talk more about "creative technology" in a future essay, but right now I want to dive into the "cooperative" part. Feel Train is a worker-owned, cooperatively managed company.

A hard limit on scale
I've spent about a decade as a working professional. I've been at at half a dozen companies of various sizes, ranging from a three-person bootstrapped business to a multinational technology company with 5000 employees. I've been lucky: every company I've worked for has been a pretty good place to work overall.

I've experienced a bunch of different workplace cultures and organizational structures but I've never felt comfortable with any of them, which is why we're doing something a little bit different with this new business.

There are plenty of models out there for technical cooperatives, and we wanted to make sure we picked the right one for Feel Train. (For 101-level information on how a tech co-op might work, the Tech Co-op Network hosts an excellent free guide full of case studies.)

One thing that Courtney and I knew from the start in our very bones: Feel Train will never consist of more than 8 people.

This is a hard cap on the number of employees. With this limit in place, we no longer have to pick solutions that scale, because we literally cannot scale. We could have a different benefits or vacation package for every worker. That would be a logistical nightmare at most companies, but we'll never have to keep track of more than 8 packages.

Emotionally speaking, this does wonders for me. I've had plenty of entrepreneur friends over the years. Sometimes I would hear them swear up and down, "I love our company at this size. We're going to grow slowly and carefully." Then (ideally) success hits and it becomes very difficult to say no to the prospect of doing more, and doing so by growing faster than they'd ever planned.

All of a sudden, the company is bigger than they ever told themselves it would be. The work isn't fun like it used to be.

I'm not a better person than my friends. If (ideally) Feel Train is successful, then I know I would say yes to growing it beyond our intentions. With this limit in place, I'll never have to tempt myself.

Worker ownership
I believe that labor is the source of value, which means that in order to run a just company, ownership must belong to the workers and solely to the workers. The question becomes: who owns how much?

In production-based industries (factories, agriculture, etc) there are cooperative models where it's a simple matter of converting hourly labor to percent ownership. If Ayesha clocks twice as many hours as Bert, then Ayesha owns twice as much of the company as Bert.

But measuring labor is tricky in a creative industry. Why it's so tricky is a huge topic outside the scope of this article, but Courtney and I have given this a lot of thought and the best answer we have is: don't measure labor. No time tracking.

This means that, when it comes to ownership, we simply give it away. Ownership means equal say in every strategic decision the company makes: one worker, one vote. This solution absolutely does not scale. I couldn't imagine direct democracy working smoothly in an organization of even 20 people let alone 100 or 1,000. But it'll work for 8 people.

This also means that investment does not translate to ownership. Courtney and I are investing a pretty big chunk of our savings to get Feel Train started, but this doesn't give us any special rights. The next person to join Feel Train, whoever that is, will own one third of the company. My share of the company will dilute from one half to one third, as will Courtney's. Fortunately, we don't have to worry about too much dilution. I can guarantee you that if you join Feel Train you will never own less than one eighth of the company as long as you work here.

This is all just the beginning...
It's a good feeling to help start a company I can feel proud of deep, deep down in my Marxist bones. And these two core principles of worker ownership and non-scalability are just the foundation. Courtney has a ton of thoughts on the management of creative workers, and she'll talk about those in the future. If you're eager to hear more about all this, sign up for our monthly mailing list!"]

[See also: https://tinyletter.com/superopinionated/letters/super-opinionated-power-club-16-live-from-open-source-bridge ]]]></description>
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