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    <title>The Richest Country Is Pretty Mid Now - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2026-06-28T22:50:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FZy1lBNykA</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[""Leveragism" is a term I made up, and it describes what the American economy is increasingly heading towards. As you will see, this is really bad news. 

0:00 - About Capitalism
3:53 - Political Leverage
6:01 - The Gold Trap
8:00 - The Rug Pull
11:34 - The Bond Trap
15:23 - Classical Leverage
19:00 - Debts R' Us
20:32 - AI Circlejerk
22:45 - My Awesome Trip To Israel 
29:09 - Authoritarian Leverage
35:01 - Siphoning Your 401K
39:02 - Time and the Smokescreen of Numbers"]]></description>
<dc:subject>bennjordan leveragism capitalism internet online google gemini ai artificialintelligence aibubble journalism rugpulls authoritarianism elonmusk donaldtrump spacex israel gaza anarchism economics economy integrity finance ip intellectualproperty well-being wellbeing precarity gold debt politics us bigtech spotify suno streaming law legal happiness fuckyoumoney inequality money labor wealth laborreflexivity growth borders border privateequity libertarianism tescreal nerdreich peterthiel billackman rulingclass transhumanism extropianism singularitarianism singularity xenophobia inflation extraction rationalism oligarchy larryellison markzuckerberg jeffbezos effectivealtruism longtermism governance government democracy poverty work police policing iranwar austerity retirement maga trumpism muskism wallstreet stockmarket nasdaq indexfunds 401k leverage power policy autonomy obesity surveillance survival fear ice bronnieware life living courage death guatemala coca-cola unions wisdom pollution environment humanrigh</dc:subject>
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    <title>The Care Economy is the Everything Economy - with Emma Holten - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2026-04-04T07:44:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6yl6JpVZTdM</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Emma Holten is an economist from Denmark who has written the book Deficit: How Feminist Economics Can Change Our World. Holten details how much of what we consider ‘the economy’ is really underpinned by care of various kinds, mostly done by women. This is very much in line with my own interests around GDP and austerity, as I think our prevailing economic analysis devalues the unseen and leads to policies which hurt people, hurting the economy too. Emma and I had an excellent chat that I think was one of my best on this channel, I hope you all enjoy it!"]]></description>
<dc:subject>emmaholten unlearningeconomics feminism economics 2025 economy society gdp austerity care caring carework careeconomy health healthcare childcare gender hobbes adamsmith johnlocke illness thomashobbes reality humanism relationships social bodies embodiment politicaleconomy sickness unemployment labor work workers culture culturalhistory history quantification numbers statistics data information neoliberalism markets capital capitalism power lobbying influence socialscience socialsciences ideology sexism truth women understanding exclusion aging prices pricing efficiency simnplification methods method inequality diversity externalities coherence disabilities disability predicitons conservatism stabilization predictability equilibrium equilibriumtheory climate climatechange globalwarming change climatecrisis nurses nursing publicsector healthworkers rachelreeves essentialworkers values pandemic covid-19 coronavirus marketvalues qualitative purpose profit profits carecrisis nature environment sustainability uk e</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-ai-industry-is-lying-to-you/">
    <title>The AI Industry Is Lying To You</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-24T20:49:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-ai-industry-is-lying-to-you/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Tech Industry Has Poisoned Itself With The Lies of AI

In the end, everything about AI is built on lies. 

Hundreds of gigawatts of data centers in development equate to 5GW of actual data centers in construction. 

Hundreds of billions of dollars of GPU sales are mostly sitting waiting for somewhere to go.

Anthropic’s constant flow of “annualized” revenues ended up equating to literally $5 billion in revenue in four years, on $25 billion or more in salaries and compute.

Despite all of those data centers supposedly being built, nobody appears to be making a profit on renting out AI compute.

AI’s supposed ability to “write all code” really means that every major software company is filling their codebases with slop while massively increasing their operating expenses. Software engineers aren’t being replaced — they’re being laid off because the software that’s meant to replace them is too expensive, while in practice not replacing anybody at all.

Looking even an inch beneath the surface of this industry makes it blatantly obvious that we’re witnessing one of the greatest corporate failures in history. The smug, condescending army of AI boosters exists to make you look away from the harsh truth — AI makes very little revenue, lacks tangible productivity benefits, and seems to, at scale, actively harm the productivity and efficacy of the workers that are being forced to use it.

Every executive forcing their workers to use AI is a ghoul and a dullard, one that doesn’t understand what actual work looks like, likely because they’re a lazy, self-involved prick. 

Every person I talk to at a big tech firm is depressed, nagged endlessly to “get on board with AI,” to ship more, to do more, all without any real definition of what “more” means or what it contributes to the greater whole, all while constantly worrying about being laid off thanks to the truly noxious cultures that are growing around these services.

AI is actively poisonous to the future of the tech industry. It’s expensive, unproductive, actively damaging to the learning and efficacy of its users, depriving them of the opportunities to learn and grow, stunting them to the point that they know less and do less because all they do is prompt. Those that celebrate it are ignorant or craven, captured or crooked, or desperate to be the person to herald the next era, even if that era sucks, even if that era is inherently illogical, even if that era is fucking impossible when you think about it for more than two seconds.

And in the end, AI is a test of your introspection. Can you tell when you truly understand something? Can you tell why you believe in something, other than that somebody told you you should, or made you feel bad for believing otherwise? Do you actually want to know stuff, or just have the ability to call up information when necessary? 

How much joy do you get out of becoming a better person?If you can’t answer that question with certainty, maybe you should just use an LLM, as you don’t really give a shit about anything.

And in the end, you’re exactly the mark built for an AI industry that can’t sell itself without spinning lies about what it can (or theoretically could) do."]]></description>
<dc:subject>edzitron ai economics genai artificialintelligence generativeai datacenters finance fraud cloud technology physics paulkedrosky lies nvidia avisionyoung statistics gpus openai media google amazon microsoft jensenhuang coreweave supermicro meta eugenekim llms bigtech aibubble openclaw mobitar labor work workers employment layoffs data kevinroose journalism siliconvalley figma anthropic business</dc:subject>
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    <dc:date>2026-01-25T21:59:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.plough.com/en/topics/culture/literature/the-world-still-being-spoken</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Sci-fi novels like Isaac Asimov’s Foundation series and Frank Herbert’s Dune series hold echoes a much older, and better, story."]]></description>
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    <title>Reimagining Learning and Teaching - by Patrick Farenga</title>
    <dc:date>2025-12-16T06:12:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://patrickfarenga.substack.com/p/reimagining-learning-and-teaching</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Continuing Rise of Homeschooling and Independent Education"]]></description>
<dc:subject>patfarenga homeschool unschooling education children us parenting data statistics schools schooling</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://thebaffler.com/latest/high-agency-individuals-vincent">
    <title>High-Agency Individuals | James Vincent</title>
    <dc:date>2025-10-21T04:02:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thebaffler.com/latest/high-agency-individuals-vincent</link>
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    <title>No-Go London - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-21T23:28:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0FG0b0Dm58</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Same can be said about San Francisco, NYC, Los Angeles, etc. in the US.]

"If life already feels precarious on your own high street, then a city like London must be ten times worse? 

Full Show Notes: https://thejaymo.net/2025/06/21/2515-no-go-london/ "

"Over the last few months I’ve been having a conversation with someone about why, exactly, “London is over/a bleak woke dystopia” has become the big talking point on the right. For many, London in their imaginary is some kind of end-times mash-up of: Blade Runner, stabbings, TikTok teens in ramen restaurants and roads blocked permanently by Just Stop Oil.

A view that when interrogated I think, tells us far more about life outside the capital than about the city itself.

First, The biggest burst of dislocation I have felt about the decline of this country wast not on a night bus through central, but back home in Thanet. 

With it’s seaside towns full of boarded shops, chain coffee shops and disappearing bus routes.

Over Easter a family friend, retired,  muttered over a mug tea that the town had tipped into violence; no police, no manners.

Later, walking in the Old Town, two cars locked bumpers. Drivers were out, shouting, slapping bonnets; passers by spilling out and joining in. The next day through a restaurant window, I watched a BMW cut off a young couple crossing the road. One pedestrian shouted, and the driver hit the brakes and got out, forehead to forehead with a guy shouting “you want some?” 

A lorry-driver, stuck, ended up getting out and playing referee until the driver moved on. 

My parents say these flare-ups are now routine. Maybe the pandemic fried everyone’s fuse. There’s anomie in the air. 

Right now, at home, there’s a dispersal order in place after a brawl in the same street. Thrown bottles, and smashed windows. Yet flip on the news and this sort of mayhem is always somewhere else; a stabbing in Hackney followed by a clip of Sadiq Khan looking concerned. An age based dispersal curfew aimed at young people is almost unimaginable in London, but they have been normal outside the M25 for decades.

If life already feels precarious on your own high street, then London must seem ten times worse. 

“London is Over” is a narrative fault-line.  

English culture has never quite trusted the capital. Blame Hogarth; blame the Victorian penny dreadfuls; blame Dickens if you like. The metropolis plays the villain because stories need a face; and London, unlike a declining business park in Essex, is a ready-made psychic landmark. Add in its diverse population and the scene is set. A convenient Other to shoulder the nations anxieties.

Yes, London has some grim statistics; but so do Glasgow, Manchester, Nottingham. Yet overall, crime is down. 

Meanwhile, rural crime costs farmers millions, emergency response times in the sticks are way up, and deaths of despair peak in coastal towns. Plus you don’t get regular mass brawls on the beach in London.

The countryside and suburbs in my opinion just fails to film well. Distance matters, but cameras matter more. I made an episode 5 years ago about how the media and outside of London. It’s more urgent than ever. Camera crews can reach Soho in twenty minutes; but they need hours and a packed lunch to get to Eastbourne. So the capital always wins for airtime.

Older boomers, more rural with patchier broadband absorb a loop of London violence on TV. Whilst younger users in the city watch something else online.

Auntie May in the village watches the BBC at 6pm and scrolls Facebook between her soaps: and the algorithm serves her the same knife-attack clip twice.

Back in the 70s, Gerbner called this mean-world syndrome: the more TV you swallow, the nastier the world looks. In Britain 2025, the mean world is in our pockets with us all the time. The villains are migrants, eco-warriors, gender-neutral baristas. But strip those urban images away and the anxiety out in the shires, beyond the screen has nowhere obvious to land.

Projection does useful work. If your GP’s down to one doctor, the last bank replaced by a Costa, and there’s an hour’s wait for an ambulance, it’s neater to insist that things must be worse in London. 

So a loop forms: rural unease fuels anti-city talk; national media pumps London footage; Facebook pages ad YouTubers monetise the churn. The capital’s imperfections—and its migrants—become catch-all explanations.

Strangers sell stories. And London has a big cast. Racial characters are handed an old script: once it was the gin-soaked mother; today it’s second-gen teens with Caribbean or Somali roots. Same scaffold; same role.

London isn’t paradise; it’s expensive, noisy, and very unequal. But the portrayal of the capital collapsing under the weight of rainbow flags, vegan burgers is theatre. 

Meanwhile the real rot nibbles away in places where buses stop at 8pm and the mobile signal dies on the high street.

Politicians also know this. And “Take back our streets” polls well with the over-55s, but the problem is, they only ever visit the shopping centre out of town. 

If we insist on villains, let us at least try to choose systemic ones; under-funded services, hollowed out local economies, first past the post in local government. Blaming London (or the people who give it its colour) is as empty as shouting at the sea. 

It fills airtime, gets clicks, but changes nothing on the ground.

I’m not sure what to do about it, I have no advice. But I do know that if you start looking around at your own high street, instead of across at the city’s dark and ominous skyline, the fear will fade. Because the real work, as ever, lies at home."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://citationsneeded.libsyn.com/ep-222-the-empire-strikes-first-part-i-party-elites-who-lost-to-trump-twice-blame-everyone-but-themselves">
    <title>Citations Needed: Ep 222 - The Empire Strikes First Part I: Party Elites Who Lost to Trump (Twice) Blame Everyone But Themselves</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-08T01:57:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://citationsneeded.libsyn.com/ep-222-the-empire-strikes-first-part-i-party-elites-who-lost-to-trump-twice-blame-everyone-but-themselves</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In Ep. 222, "The Empire Strikes First Part I: Party Elites Who Lost to Trump (Twice) Blame Everyone But Themselves," we detail how our media allows the same party flacks who got the Dems into this mess, control over the narrative of how to get them out. With guest UC-Berkeley professor Jake Grumbach."

[See also (tags here also reflect content within):

"Ep. 223: The Empire Strikes First, Part II — ‘Abundance’ Pablum as Counter to Left Populism"
https://citationsneeded.libsyn.com/ep-223-the-empire-strikes-first-part-ii-abundance-pablum-as-counter-to-left-populism


"“Can Democrats Learn to Dream Big Again?,” wonders Samuel Moyn in the New York Times. “The Democrats Are Finally Landing on a New Buzzword. It’s Actually Compelling,” argues Slate staff writer Henry Grabar. “Do Democrats Need to Learn How to Build?,” asks Benjamin Wallace-Wells in The New Yorker. 

For the past few months, news and editorial rooms have been abuzz with talk about a new, grand vision for the Democratic Party: abundance. Abundance, according to its media promoters—chiefly NYT’s Ezra Klein and The Atlantic’s Derek Thompson—is a political agenda that espouses the creation of more of everything we need: housing, education, jobs, and energy, to name a few examples. To accomplish this, we are told, we must aim to eliminate bureaucratic red tape that has for so long bogged down production, innovation, and capital’s innate capacity and desire to provide a better, more abundant life.

It’s an alluring promise—if suspiciously vague and devoid of class politics: obviously, doing more good things is better than doing fewer good things, right? Who can argue with this generic premise? Who wouldn’t want to support an agenda that’s effectively the Do Good Things Agenda?

Scratch the surface, however, and what one finds it isn’t just a folky, common sense treatise against red tape, but something more sinister and dishonest, something more slick and shallow. What one gets is a standard entryist strategy that begins with a so-vague-it’s-incontestable hook—illogical or corrupt regulations are bad—the quickly pivots into a Silicon Valley flattering, and often Silicon Valley funded, political agenda, a narrative designed to blame inequality and our objectively broken political system on too much regulation and “bureaucracy” rather than there being too much power in the hands of an elite few.

What one gets, in other words, is a counter to left populism. What one gets is the latest attempt to reheat neoliberalism as something fresh, innovative and able to excite the voting base.

Last week, in Part I of a two-part series we’re calling “The Empire Strikes First,” we discussed the Democrats’ post-2024 apologia, propped up by scapegoats ranging from trans people to “economic headwinds” to Harris actually being too far left.

On this episode, Part II of the series, we explore what comes next: the 2028 Democratic strategy and the so-called abundance agenda that is increasingly shaping it. We’ll examine how Democratic media influencers and policymakers use lofty, seemingly progressive rhetoric to rehabilitate and re-sell the same old neoliberal deregulation, privatization, and austerity narrative that got us here in the first place, and ensure that no left-wing movement—that could, god forbid, require a meaningful change in the party—get in their way.

Our guests are the Revolving Door Project's Kenny Stancil and Henry Burke."]]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://kottke.org/25/05/the-tragedy-of-prevention-no-one-knows-when-they-dont-die">
    <title>The Tragedy of Prevention: No One Knows When They Don’t Die</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-24T00:35:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://kottke.org/25/05/the-tragedy-of-prevention-no-one-knows-when-they-dont-die</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In a recent Vlogbrothers video and in his newsletter, Hank Green talked about how we don’t take enough notice of the things that quietly keep us alive, healthy, and safe.
<blockquote>The tragedy of prevention goes like this: The most effective way to save lives (prevention) is the least noticeable, which leads us to undervaluing it in our individual choices, in what we celebrate, and in public policy. That undervaluing of prevention leads to a great deal of needless death and suffering.

But there’s a second tragedy here, which is that we spend way less time celebrating the accomplishments of humanity than I think we should. If every person who had their life saved by a vaccine, or an airbag, or a clean air regulation felt the same as a firefighter carrying an unconscious person out of a burning building, I think we’d feel a lot better about humanity, and maybe that would help us move forward more effectively.</blockquote>
This follows Green’s Bluesky post from early April:
<blockquote>A tricky thing about modern society is that no one has any idea when they don’t die.

Like, the number of lives saved by controlling air pollution in America is probably over 200,000 per year, but the number of people who think their life was saved by controlling air pollution is zero.</blockquote>
In the early days of the pandemic, I wrote about a related concept: The Paradox of Preparation.
<blockquote>Preparation, prevention, regulations, and safeguards prevent catastrophes all the time, but we seldom think or hear about it because “world continues to function” is not interesting news. We have to rely on statistical analysis and the expert opinions of planners and officials in order to evaluate both crucial next steps and the effectiveness of preparatory measures after the fact, and that can be challenging for us to pay attention to. So we tend to forget that preparation & prevention is necessary and discount it the next time around.</blockquote>"
[direct link to video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ndeB_BpsRGk ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsWMFIVg2tU">
    <title>Three Reasons Propaganda Works BETTER on Liberals Than On Anyone Else - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-30T03:45:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsWMFIVg2tU</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Why is propaganda particularly effective on liberals? Alec Karakatsanis, author of “Copaganda,” explains how selectively true anecdotes presented for false, misleading purposes work better than outright lies. Katie and Alex discuss how propaganda functions, from local TV news reports about “rising crime” to milquetoast NYT coverage about Israel’s genocide.

00:00 Media gets the "cause" of crime wrong
01:16 How to mislead without (technically) lying
04:38 Why are liberals the most susceptible to propaganda?
08:19 How propaganda around Israel is different

Alec Karakatsanis is a Civil Rights lawyer and the founder of Civil RIghts Corps. He is the author of Usual Cruelty: The Complicity of Lawyers in the Criminal Injustice System (2019) and Copaganda: How Police and the Media Manipulate Our News (2025)"

[see also:

"New York Times Calls KIDNAPPING "Deportation" "
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_46oy8wIgQ

"Katie talks to Civil Rights Lawyer Alec Karakatsanis about his book Copaganda and the way the The New York Times lies about crime and "both sides" Trump's clearly illegal and fascist immigration policies.

00:00 Alec’s Twitter thread on the New York Times’ coverage of Bukele
01:08 We have been fed this idea that crime is soaring
01:51 The false idea that immigrants commit more crime
03:40 Ignorant or dishonest? Lying or duped? Libs who adopt right-wing framing
05:09 Many people within the elite institutions that get it, it’s the people at the higher levels who are misleading on purpose
06:38 We are creating a society where kidnapping people and sending them to torture prisons is totally normalized
08:00 If this is allowed to stand, it is the most consequential moment in US constitutional history in modern times
08:57 The framing of the Times article is totally normalizing some of the most shocking and serious threats to our well-being in modern history

Alec Karakatsanis is a Civil Rights lawyer and the founder of Civil Rights Corps. He is the author of Usual Cruelty: The Complicity of Lawyers in the Criminal Injustice System (2019) and Copaganda: How Police and the Media Manipulate Our News (2025)"

[Full interview:

"Oliver Stone On JFK Files, Alec Karakatsanis On 'Copaganda' "
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoO5I0IYans

"Katie talks to the Academy-Award winning director Oliver Stone and JFK researcher and author Jim Di Eugenio about the JFK files which they testified about in Congress. 

Then Katie talks to Civil Rights Lawyer Alec Karakatsanis about his book Copaganda and the way the media lies about crime. 

00:00:00 Katie introduces Oliver Stone and Jim Di Eugenio
00:05:17 Oliver Stone explains how he got interested in JFK in the first place through Jim Garrison
00:06:15 Oliver Stone on the making of 1991’s JFK movie with Kevin Costner
00:08:30 The chain of custody on the rifle and bullets
00:10:00 Attacked by Max Boot!
00:12:30 JFK Revisited and the new AARB Evidence
00:18:50 The fingerprints story
00:22:10 What’s in the JFK files newly released by Donald Trump? Stories about Fidel Castro
00:27:20 The three women witness who debunk the official narrative
00:32:10 Oliver Stone’s take on the newly revealed big massive evidence of collusion
00:35:40 Alec Karakatsanis explains what copaganda is
00:42:00 The fallacies that Karakatsanis’s book debunks, better ways money can be spent
00:46:00 How does medicaid expansion relate to crime? And how to be misleading without lying
00:50:45 Why are liberals the most susceptible to propaganda?
00:54:45 How propaganda around Israel and Hasbara is different
00:57:00 The most important chart to help people see through copaganda
00:58:30 Bukele, Trump and the propaganda around El Salvador and Venezuela
01:03:30 Lying or duped? Does it matter how bad faith the spreading of propaganda is?
01:07:10 Why the New York Times spreading of propaganda is so dangerous
01:10:15 NBC’s coverage of Abrego Garcia, propaganda for the Trump administration
01:18:00 What the news could look like to win back people’s trust?
01:27:30 How victims and marginalized communities are treated as a monolith and used to prop up the carceral state
01:29:50 Gavin Newsom sucks
01:36:00 Katie pays her respects to The Pope

Oliver Stone is an Award-winning director, producer, screenwriter whose films include , Snowden, Savages, Untold History, Platoon, Wall Street, JFK and the documentary JFK Revisited. He is the author of Chasing the Light.

Jim DiEugenio is a researcher and writer who focuses on the political assassinations of the 1960s, including the killing of JFK. He is the author of two books, Destiny Betrayed (1992/2012) and The JFK Assassination: The Evidence Today (2018), co-author of The Assassinations, and co-edited Probe Magazine (1993-2000). 

Alec Karakatsanis is a Civil Rights lawyer and the founder of Civil RIghts Corps. He is the author of Usual Cruelty: The Complicity of Lawyers in the Criminal Injustice System (2019) and Copaganda: How Police and the Media Manipulate Our News (2025)"
]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGt7swnEb3g">
    <title>Meeting Gary's favourite economist: Ha-Joon Chang - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-06T18:18:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGt7swnEb3g</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Ha-Joon Chang is best selling author of '23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism'. If you want to understand how our economic system is failing us, this is the economist to study.

Timestamps

00:00 Introduction to the Guest and the Channel's Focus
02:11 Ha-Joon Chang's Background and Inspiration
07:19 Parallels Between South Korea's Growth and Modern Urban Challenges
08:32 Reflections on Housing and Early Education in Korea
10:07 Economic Upheaval and the Search for Alternatives
14:38 Exploring Diverse Economic Theories at Cambridge
17:46 The Dominance of Neoclassical Economics
19:14 Advice for Aspiring Economists
20:33 The Disconnect Between Economics Education and Real-World Issues
24:12 Challenges in Economics Education
25:55 Disconnect Between Economics Training and Real-World Application
30:33 Economics as a Modern Theology
31:40 Historical Justifications and Economic Narratives
32:37 Wealth Inequality and Exclusion of the Poor
36:21 Taxation, Financial Markets, and Political Reluctance
38:30 Historical Taxation and Economic Growth
39:40 COVID-19 Economic Response and Distribution Inequality
41:12 Taxing the Wealthy: Historical and Modern Perspectives
42:25 Challenges in Addressing Economic Inequality
44:15 Strategies for Economic Change
46:14 Hope for Economic and Social Progress"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWaZZjErdq4">
    <title>Erald Kolasi’s “The Physics of Capitalism” with Timour Kamran and Jordan Whelchel - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-01T21:57:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWaZZjErdq4</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[See also:

The Physics of Capitalism: How a New Political Ecology Can Change the World, by Erald Kolasi (2025)
https://nyupress.org/9781685900908/the-physics-of-capitalism/

"A comprehensive blueprint for a new post-capitalist order—which values our collective future over immediate economic gains

The fate of all economic systems is written in the energy flows they obtain from the natural world. Our collective humanity very much depends on nature—for joy, for comfort, and for sheer survival. In his prescient new book, The Physics of Capitalism, Erald Kolasi explores the deep ecological physics of human existence by developing a new theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between economic systems and the wider natural world.

Nature is full of complex and dynamic systems that are constantly interacting with our societies. The collective physical interactions of the natural world guide and forge many fundamental features of human societies and civilizations. Humanity does not exist on a magical pedestal above the rest of reality; we are just one slice in a grand continuum of physical systems that interact, combine, and transform over time. We too belong to the natural world. And it’s this critical fact that controls the long-term fate of our economies and civilizations. Among all the living organisms that have called this blue marble home, humans are a very recent species. In that short period of time, we have managed to become one of the most dominant life forms in the history of the planet, creating powerful civilizations with elaborate cultures, large populations, and extensive trade networks. We have been nomads and farmers, scientists and lawyers, nurses and doctors, welders and blacksmiths. Our achievements are both astonishing and unprecedented, but they also carry great risks.

Throughout history, economic growth has depended heavily on people converting more energy from their natural environments and concentrating the resulting energy flows towards the application of specific tasks. The economic and demographic growth of human civilization over the last ten thousand years has profoundly impacted natural ecosystems throughout the planet, triggering major instabilities across the biosphere that threaten to reverberate on civilization and to destabilize its long-term trajectory. Swamped with multiple ecological challenges of historic proportions, global civilization now stands at a critical tipping point that deserves closer scrutiny. If we are to have any hope of addressing the difficult challenges we face, then we must begin by understanding them and appreciating their complexity. And then, we must act. This book offers a comprehensive blueprint for our collective future, pointing the way to a new post-capitalist order that can provide long-term viability and stability for human civilization on a global scale."


https://monthlyreview.org/product/the-physics-of-capitalism-how-a-new-political-ecology-can-change-the-world/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/second-breakfast-x-imperfect-offering">
    <title>Second Breakfast x Imperfect Offering #2</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-11T19:04:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/second-breakfast-x-imperfect-offering</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The AI accelerationists get the keys to the kingdom, and we have issues"

...

"As Enterprise AI goes full state capture and as Elon Musk’s freshmen engineers get their hands on all the data of the US federal government, Helen and Audrey team up again to ask: was this always going to be the end game? We look at AI’s 75-year-old relationship with white nationalism, eugenics and military violence, and we ask whether AI as a ‘general’ technology could ever escape these associations. Audrey anticipates a new era of edtech investment that will drive venture capital and data architectures even deeper into public education. While Helen muses on the AI Action Plan of the UK government that - despite its very different vibe - is putting UK data and public services into the hands of many of the same US corporations that are bringing us Project25.

It seems the tech news has become the news, and whatever madness that brings into the world in the coming days and weeks, you’ll want to get your sanity check here.

Limited show notes this week, but you might like to check out:

Some recent commentary on the Elon Musk moment (sure to be out of date by now) from the UK Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/08/elon-musk-doge-team-staff

And from the Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/02/05/elon-musk-federal-technology-takeover/

Up-to-date takes on tech history-in-the-making are often posted here: https://futurism.com/.

Daniel Greene’s book, mentioned by Audrey: The Promise of Access: Technology, Inequality, and the Political Economy of Hope (MIT Press): https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262542333/the-promise-of-access/

Feminist critiques of AI from the 1980s and 1990s, mentioned by Helen (most of these require a log-in):

Alison Adam: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/135050689500200305

Lynette Hunter: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/rh.1991.9.4.317

Donna Haraway: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3178066

Lucy Suchman (still writing brilliantly on this topic today): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20539517231206794 "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://missionlocal.org/2025/02/san-francisco-crime-police-staffing/">
    <title>San Francisco police staffing is at a historic low. So is its crime rate.</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-04T00:58:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://missionlocal.org/2025/02/san-francisco-crime-police-staffing/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["It might be worth taking a moment to emphasize just how low a citywide full-duty police headcount of not quite 1,500 really is. 

In the early to mid-1980s, when San Francisco’s population hovered at around 705,000, the city had around 1,900 officers. And yet around three times as many people were murdered every year than the 2024 tally — in a smaller city. 

In the late 1970s, by which time San Francisco’s chaos and lawlessness had inspired three Dirty Harry films, teams of serial killers roamed the city and blood ran in the corridors of City Hall, there were 1,625 sworn officers. Well over 100 people were murdered every year in a city of around 680,000. 

So the low staffing and low crime in today’s city of around 810,000 are counterintuitive. Also counterintuitive: With its staffing at a historic low, the SFPD’s budget is at a historic high.

In large part that’s because the city is now spending massive amounts on police overtime — nearly $88 million in fiscal 2024, a sum equivalent to 16 percent of the total paid out in salaries. This is a surefire way to grind down the workforce — or worse. A December audit found that a small number of officers earned a disproportionate amount of the overtime money. What’s more, some officers were found to have called in sick so they could go work security gigs, requiring an officer to be called in to backfill for them — while earning overtime pay.

Adding personnel would surely help. But to call the department’s effort to onboard new officers sclerotic is an understatement. Only 12 of 40 candidates in the  most recent class graduated — an appalling 70 percent attrition rate. The 28 candidates who failed that class almost equal the 36 candidates who failed 20 classes between 2016 and 2020. Only two of those classes had a graduation rate drop below 50 percent — and neither by much.  

So that’s bad. And, in the meantime, officers tell us that they can earn upward of $400,000 a year with overtime, clocking in and riding around in a patrol car “taking reports. Not breaking a sweat,” in the words of one veteran former officer.

That’s bad, too. Worse, in light of that December audit.

A police force stretched thin is prioritizing how it deploys its personnel. Gone are the days when the cops would promptly show up after an exasperated mother called the police to convince her truculent teenager to go to school (yes, this happened; “juvenile beyond parental control” was the dispatch title). 

SFPD response times for high-priority calls have risen dramatically in the past several years, even as call volume has significantly decreased. For lower-priority calls the response times are far worse: One retired cop says he recently called in a well-being check for an acquaintance and saw that it wasn’t picked up for more than 24 hours. 

But there’s a lesson to be learned here: You don’t need an armed peace officer earning armed peace officer pay (let alone overtime) to be taking reports. With San Francisco in a deep, dark budget hole and the police hiring process moving about as quickly as the city’s progress on its state housing mandate, veteran cop after veteran cop told us that it would make sense for routine, nonviolent calls — cold burglaries, cold theft reports, non-injury traffic accidents, etc. — to be handled by police service aides or field evidence technicians earning a fraction of the pay. This, of course, would free up police for the sort of work that cannot be done by aides or technicians. 

And this gets back to just what San Franciscans expect police to do. 

San Francisco is a place with overt drug-use and misery and filth and unaffordability that ensures you’re seeing all this in front of you: In other parts of the country people can do all of the above indoors, in the homes they can afford. It’s awful, it’s heartbreaking and it’s maddening — but it doesn’t necessarily equate to crime. 

Random, violent crime is blessedly rare in San Francisco, although it can and does happen. But seeing chaotic scenes and irrational people on city streets makes people feel unsafe. And seeing uniformed police makes people feel better. 

“Police in uniform,” says a retired department veteran, “are society’s Valium.” 

It’s an apt comparison. Valium doesn’t solve your underlying problems. But it puts them out of mind. And police — certainly not just police — cannot solve San Francisco’s underlying problems.  Yet they can put them out of mind (but, notably, not for the people interacting with the police).   

What the city is asking police to do, then, transcends addressing crime. We are asking them to do an awful lot. But we are also asking them to do very little; their mere presence alleviates anxiety. In fact, a number of them are doing very little. It remains to be seen if greater numbers of officers getting out of their cars and breaking a sweat is the future of San Francisco policing or a vestige of its past.

But there’s a complication here, too: The police, we’re told, are making a concerted effort to target the proportionately small number of criminals who account for a proportionately large amount of crime. That’s a smart way to, you know, actually solve the problem. But, frustratingly, it won’t make people feel safer — not when San Franciscans aren’t measuring safety in numbers.

Ay, there’s the rub. That’s a perplexing and maddening situation. And a bad one. 

But I don’t have to tell you things are bad. Everybody knows things are bad."]]></description>
<dc:subject>joeeskenazi kellywaldron sanfrancisco police policing safety crime data statistics history sfpd lawenforcement publicsafety violentcrime propertycrime</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://48hills.org/2022/05/the-boudin-recall-is-entirely-based-on-local-media-mythology-they-should-own-it/">
    <title>The Boudin recall is entirely based on local media mythology. They should own it. - 48 hills</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-16T22:29:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://48hills.org/2022/05/the-boudin-recall-is-entirely-based-on-local-media-mythology-they-should-own-it/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The "crime wave." The "unsafe city." There's no reality here—but it's creating a dangerous political narrative, with the SF cops the big winners."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.experimental-history.com/p/is-psychology-going-to-cincinnati">
    <title>Is psychology going to Cincinnati? - by Adam Mastroianni</title>
    <dc:date>2024-10-09T01:07:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.experimental-history.com/p/is-psychology-going-to-cincinnati</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2MxfG8IIgI">
    <title>How pit bulls got a bad reputation - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-08-14T01:17:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2MxfG8IIgI</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Pit bulls are one of the most controversial and misunderstood dog breeds in America. Many critics view pit bulls as “inherently dangerous” and say that they are more violent than other dogs. If you rely solely on news stories and cultural anecdotes, you might think that’s the case.

However, many misconceptions and myths surround pit bulls, including confusion about their breed. And though there's a lot of data about dog bites and the frequency of pit bull attacks, these statistics are less reliable than you may think.

In this video, we explore the reputation of pit bulls through the decades and examine whether the data actually supports the claim that they’re dangerous and aggressive. 

Sources

History of Spitz dogs in America – “Pit Bull: The Battle over an American Icon” by Bronwen Dickey 

“Pit bull” is four distinct breeds – “Pit Bull: The Battle over an American Icon” by Bronwen Dickey

2012 Maryland Court of Appeals Tracey v. Solesky, designation of pit bulls as “inherently dangerous” – https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=18413098015080333731

“Most dogs are mixed breed” – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319786/

“90% of dogs in shelters that were labeled as a particular breed were misidentified” – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20183478/

“dogs were labeled as pit bull-type dogs almost half the time” – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109002331500310X

Dogs identified as pit bull mixes without any pit bull DNA – https://sheltermedicine.vetmed.ufl.edu/research/current-studies/dog-breed-identification/dog-breed-dna-and-survey-results/

"dog bite statistics are not really statistics, and they do not give an accurate picture of dogs that bite." – https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/dogbite.pdf

Denver pit bull ban having “with little measurable impact on public safety” – https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/alr/vol26/iss2/2/

Denmark pit bull ban having no “significant changes in dog bite hospitalizations” –  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0208393

Study about housing for pet owners – https://www.petsandhousing.org/2021-pet-inclusive-housing-report/

0:00 Why do pit bulls have a reputation as dangerous?
0:25 The demonization of dogs in America
1:19 The 1970s
1:57 The 1980s
2:33 What is a pit bull?
3:10 Breed-specific legislation
4:10 The unreliability of dog bite statistics
5:40 Examples of unsuccessful BSL
6:10 Issues with housing
7:18 There are no easy answers"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.bostonreview.net/forum/danielle-allen-what-is-education-for/">
    <title>What Is Education For? - Boston Review</title>
    <dc:date>2024-07-05T21:22:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bostonreview.net/forum/danielle-allen-what-is-education-for/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Today, these technologically oriented, vocational approaches to education and the problem of inequality leave almost no room for the civic alternative. It is not that civic education is incompatible with professional training, but policymakers, education specialists, and many parents—including low-income parents, whose children are most likely to see their civic education shortchanged—have narrowed their focus exclusively to the economic field. In the process, they have lost sight of the full range of inequalities from which our society suffers and which well-rounded education could alleviate."

...

"Participatory Readiness

So what exactly is participatory readiness, and how can education help people achieve it? To answer these questions, we first need to understand what students should be getting ready for: civic agency. While there is no single model of civic agency dominant in American culture, we can identify a handful at work.

Following philosopher Hannah Arendt, I take citizenship to be the activity of co-creating a way of life, of world-building. This co-creation can occur at many social levels: in a neighborhood or school; in a networked community or association; in a city, state, or nation; at a global scale. Because co-creation extends beyond legal categories of membership in political units, I prefer to speak of civic agency instead of citizenship.

Such civic agency involves three core tasks. First is disinterested deliberation around a public problem. Here the model derives from Athenian citizens gathered in the assembly, the town halls of colonial New Hampshire, and public representatives behaving reasonably in the halls of a legislature. Second is prophetic work intended to shift a society’s values; in the public opinion and communications literature, this is now called “frame shifting.” Think of the rhetorical power of nineteenth-century abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe, of Martin Luther King, Jr., or of Occupy Wall Street activists with their rallying cry of “we are the 99 percent.” Finally, there is transparently interested “fair fighting,” where a given public actor adopts a cause and pursues it passionately. One might think of early women’s rights activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Matilda Joslyn Gage.

The ideal civic agent carries out all three of these tasks—disinterested deliberation, prophetic frame shifting, and fair fighting—ethically and justly. Stanton is an example of this ideal at work. At the Seneca Falls Convention, she was in deliberative mode for the debate about the text of the Declaration of Sentiments. However, before the convention’s deliberations, when she drafted that text, she was in the prophetic mode, just as she was in her innumerable speeches. Finally, in campaigning for legal change, as in the adoption of the Woman’s Property Bill in New York and similar laws in other states, she was operating as an activist.

Yet if these three are the rudimentary components of civic agency, they do not in themselves determine the content of any given historical moment’s conception of citizenship. There is no need for each of these functions to be combined in a single role or persona, nor is there any guarantee that all three will be carried out in each historical context. These tasks can also become separated from one another, generating distinguishable kinds of civic roles. This is the situation today, as roles have been divided among civically engaged individuals, activists or political entrepreneurs, and professional politicians.

The civically engaged individual focuses on the task of disinterested deliberation and actions that can be said to flow from it. Such citizens pursue what they perceive to be universal values, critical thinking, and bipartisan projects. Next comes the activist, who seeks to change hearts and minds by fighting fairly for particular outcomes, often making considerable sacrifices to do so. Finally, the professional politician, as currently conceived, focuses mainly on fighting, not necessarily fairly. In contemporary discourse, this role, in contrast to the other two, represents a degraded form of civic agency; for evidence one has only to look at Congress’s all-time-low approval ratings.

In the current condition, we have lost sight of the statesman, a professional politician capable of disinterested deliberation, just frame shifting, and fighting fair. And, even more importantly, we have lost sight of the ideal ordinary citizen, who is not a professional politician but who has nonetheless developed all of the competencies described above and who is proud to be involved in politics.

If we are to embrace an education for participatory readiness, we need to aim our pedagogic and curricular work not at any one of these three capacities but at what lies behind all of them: the idea of civic agency as the activity of co-creating a way of life. This view of politics supports all three models of citizenship because it nourishes future civic leaders, activists, and politicians. Such an education ought also to permit a reintegration of these roles.

The United States has a history of providing such an education: it is called the liberal arts. How, you may ask, can the seemingly antique liberal arts be of use in our mass democracies and globalized, multicultural world? Let us consider where we find ourselves and how we got here."

...

"Few among us pay adequate attention to the fact that almost all of our state constitutions guarantee a right to education. We pay even less attention to the fact that we have a right to civic education. Our state constitutions, in other words, are directed at the pursuit of equality. Through the acquisition of participatory readiness, a great diversity of citizens could tap into the power to challenge oligarchical social and political arrangements.

In the final analysis, the reliance on an exclusively vocational paradigm as the sole guide to education policy-making is a failure to meet the legal standard for securing a basic right. Precisely those parts of the K–12 curriculum most vulnerable during a recession—humanities, social studies, arts, and extracurricular activities such as debate and model UN—deserve rights-based legal protection. What is more, defending the right to civic education, and the kind of curriculum that delivers it, would benefit not only individual students but also society as a whole, advancing both political equality and distributive justice. This is an untapped source of advocacy around educational rights and on behalf of an egalitarian America."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.vox.com/policy/356269/falling-crime-trends-public-perception-voter-concerns">
    <title>Trump-Biden debate: What to know about crime in America before 2024 rematch - Vox</title>
    <dc:date>2024-07-04T18:39:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.vox.com/policy/356269/falling-crime-trends-public-perception-voter-concerns</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Crime is actually falling. Here are three theories on why that doesn't seem to reassure voters."

...

"Fearmongering “law-and-order” campaigns are a constant in American politics"

...

"Crime is likely to keep coming up as a 2024 campaign issue"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.thenation.com/article/economy/bidenomics-criticism-economy-election/">
    <title>Bidenomics and Its Discontents | The Nation</title>
    <dc:date>2024-04-07T22:18:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.thenation.com/article/economy/bidenomics-criticism-economy-election/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The White House believes American workers have seldom had it so good. And lots of prestigious economists agree. But the voters aren’t buying. Maybe they know something?"

...

"In short, Biden’s economists and their acolytes in the press appear locked into a statistical and cognitive paradigm that is old and irrelevant—a metaphor, if you like, for our political class. The voters appear to know this. Dire consequences may follow, come November."

]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-better-angels-of-our-nature/id1651876897?i=1000646375925">
    <title>If Books Could Kill: The Better Angels of Our Nature on Apple Podcasts</title>
    <dc:date>2024-02-23T01:26:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-better-angels-of-our-nature/id1651876897?i=1000646375925</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This week we're tackling Steven Pinker's 900 page dissection of the reasons why violence, torture and war have declined over the last 10,000 years. Was it an indeterminate mixture of politics, economics, technology and serendipity?  Or did some European guys write some books that said murder was bad?

Special thanks to Philip Dwyer, Eleanor Janega, David M. Perry and Doug Thompson for help researching and fact-checking this episode!"

Sources:

"The Darker Angels of Our Nature: Refuting the Pinker Theory of History & Violence" (Philip Dwyer and Mark Micale, 2021)
https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/darker-angels-of-our-nature-9781350140608/

"Getting Medieval On Steven Pinker: Violence and Medieval England" (Sara M. Butler, 2018)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/48581562

"The Decline of Violence in the West: From Cultural to Post-Cultural History" (Gregory Hanlon, 2013)
https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/128/531/367/445752

"Whitewashing History: Pinker’s (Mis)Representation of the Enlightenment and Violence" (Philip Dwyer, 2020)
https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46778

"Herding and Homicide: An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis" (Rebekah Chu, Craig Rivera and Colin Loftin, 2000)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3005938

Peace in Our Time

"John Gray: Steven Pinker is wrong about violence and war
A new orthodoxy, led by Pinker, holds that war and violence in the developed world are declining. The stats are misleading, argues Gray – and the idea of moral progress is wishful thinking and plain wrong" (John Gray, 2015)
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/mar/13/john-gray-steven-pinker-wrong-violence-war-declining

"The business class doesn't understand the Enlightenment
A new Renaissance? Not even close. The Enlightenment reverence of Bill Gates and Steven Pinker needs challenging" (Erika Schelby, 2018)
https://www.salon.com/2018/09/16/the-business-class-doesnt-understand-the-enlightenment/

"Delusions Of Peace: Steven Pinker argues that we are becoming less violent. Nonsense, says John Gray" (John Gray, 2011)
https://web.archive.org/web/20120109124246/https:/www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2011/09/john-gray-steven-pinker-violence-review/

"Pinker And Progress" (Ronald Aronson, 2013)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hith.10666

"Norbert Elias and the History of Violence" (Xavier Rousseaux and Quentin Verreycken, 2021)
[link points to Chapter 8: "The Civilising Process, Decline of Homicide, and Mass Murder Societies: Norbert Elias and the History of Violence"
https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/object/boreal%3A225513/datastream/PDF_01/view#page=157

"Modernization, Self-Control And Lethal Violence: The Long-term Dynamics of European Homicide Rates in Theoretical Perspective" (Manuel Eisner, 2001)
http://www.antoniocasella.eu/nume/Eisner_2001.pdf

"Explaining Long Term Trends in Violent Crime" (Helmut Thome, 2001)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26652645_Explaining_Long_Term_Trends_in_Violent_Crime

"The Enlightenment’s Dark Side: How the Enlightenment created modern race thinking, and why we should confront it." (Jamelle Bouie, 2018)
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/06/taking-the-enlightenment-seriously-requires-talking-about-race.html "

[also here:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/2hzufSIR3GZSfJVlXTwPVl
https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/if-books-could-kill/the-better-angels-of-our-CHG9FQ_Xwzx/
https://www.buzzsprout.com/2040953/14551597-the-better-angels-of-our-nature ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>2024 stevenpinker violence humanity war torture moralism politics economics technology serendipity history philosophy billgates progress jamellebouie johngray 2011 self-control modernization peace statistics erikaschelby manueleisner rebekahchu craigrivera colinloftin sarabutler markmicale philipdwyer gregoryhanlon ronaldaronson xavierrousseaux quentinverreycken norbertelias helmutthome davidperry dougthompson eleanorjanega ifbookscouldkill enlightenment johnlocke michaelhobbes petershamshiri</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-pushkin-prize-for-egregiously-deceptive-self/id1119389968?i=1000614390178">
    <title>Revisionist History: The Pushkin Prize for Egregiously Deceptive Self-Promotion on Apple Podcasts</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-04T02:14:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-pushkin-prize-for-egregiously-deceptive-self/id1119389968?i=1000614390178</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Consider this your invitation to the greatest award show no one’s ever heard of: the Pushkin Prizes, created to honor the giants of the American education system. This year, Malcolm is celebrating one prominent university that decided to play the US News & World Report at its own dirty rankings game—and smeared themselves in the process. Featuring an eagle-eyed math professor, our favorite data scientist, and the legend of one disgraced congressman."

[Also here:

https://www.pushkin.fm/podcasts/revisionist-history/the-pushkin-prize-for-egregiously-deceptive-self-promotion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmsjQVtkRls

https://open.spotify.com/episode/5voDs0kOxOz36o8jJym7Y8

See also:

https://www.pushkin.fm/news/malcolm-gladwells-revisionist-history-investigates-columbia-university-college-rankings-scandal

"Bestselling author and podcaster Malcolm Gladwell will reveal the outcome of his investigation into the Columbia University college rankings cheating scandal in a special new episode of hit podcast Revisionist History on June 8, 2023. 

Columbia dramatically rose from No. 18 to No. 2 in the U.S. News & World Report overall 2022 college rankings, a feat that proved to be as questionable as the rankings themselves. Columbia mathematics professor Michael Thaddeus’ discovered that the prestigious Ivy League institution had provided the publication with several “inaccurate, dubious or highly misleading” data discrepancies upon which the meteoric rise was based, resulting in a plummet back to No. 18.

“I’ve been saying for years that the U.S. News rankings are a fraud. Now we have an elite institution involved in what looks an awful lot like an attempt to defraud that fraud,” Gladwell said. “It’s like if someone wrote Bernie Madoff a bad check. It’s a bit of a head spinner. But that’s what we specialize in at Revisionist History.” 

In the immediate aftermath of the scandal, Columbia University seemingly sought to brush the incident under the rug in a press release that stated how they “are now closely reviewing” their processes “in light of the questions raised.”

That was one year ago. Since then, Columbia University has failed to properly address their wrongdoing — in clear violation of their own code of conduct — and refused further interview on the matter when contacted by Gladwell to date. This has left Malcolm with only one option… to investigate it himself.

“We did a forensic audit of all of Columbia’s biggest whoppers with the hope of figuring out whether this was a calculated attempt to hijack the ranking system,” Gladwell explained. “I’ll say this. It doesn’t look good for Columbia.”

Malcolm Gladwell’s investigation into Columbia University’s cheating scandal will air on his Revisionist History podcast on June 8, 2023. If you, or someone you know, has information about this matter, text Malcolm directly at 917-423-6439 or send an email to info@pushkin.fm."

"Revisionist History Origins: College Rankings Scandal | Malcolm Gladwell"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYTEyt8bYXQ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/interactive/2023/homeschooling-growth-data-by-district/">
    <title>How many kids are homeschooled in the U.S.? Growth by school district. (October 31, 2023) - Washington Post</title>
    <dc:date>2023-11-10T06:26:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/interactive/2023/homeschooling-growth-data-by-district/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via Pat Farenga:
https://4rno8.r.a.d.sendibm1.com/mk/mr/sh/SMJz09SDriOHTaWCR5CDii6kk8UU/zRW0hKkhuY9g ]

"Home schooling’s rise from fringe to fastest-growing form of education
A district-by-district look at home schooling’s explosive growth, which a Post analysis finds has far outpaced the rate at private and public schools

...

Examination of the data reveals:

* In states with comparable enrollment figures, the number of home-schooled students increased 51 percent over the past six school years, far outpacing the 7 percent growth in private school enrollment. Public school enrollment dropped 4 percent in those states over the same period, a decline partly attributable to home schooling.

* Home schooling’s surging popularity crosses every measurable line of politics, geography and demographics. The number of home-schooled kids has increased 373 percent over the past six years in the small city of Anderson, S.C.; it also increased 358 percent in a school district in the Bronx.

* In 390 districts included in The Post’s analysis, there was at least one home-schooled child for every 10 in public schools during the 2021-2022 academic year, the most recent for which district-level federal enrollment data are available. That’s roughly quadruple the number of districts that had rates that high in 2017-2018, signifying a sea change in how many communities educate their children and an urgent challenge for a public education system that faced dwindling enrollment even before the pandemic.

* Despite claims that the home-schooling boom is a result of failing public schools, The Post found no correlation between school district quality, as measured by standardized test scores, and home-schooling growth. In fact, high-scoring districts had some of the biggest spikes in home schooling early in the pandemic, though by the fall of 2022 increases were similar regardless of school performance."

[Also in the series:

"The Post examined home schooling’s surge in the U.S. Here’s what we found." (October 31, 2023)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/10/31/takeaways-homeschooling-enrollment-poll/

<blockquote>1. Even as the pandemic eased, home schooling persisted
2. Home schooling comes off the fringe
3. Where is home schooling on the rise? All sorts of places.
4. Religion recedes as a home-school driver
5. Home-schoolers are more diverse than ever</blockquote>

"Home schooling today is less religious and more diverse, poll finds
Fear of school shootings, bullying and indoctrination helped fuel a pandemic-era boom in home schooling, according to an exclusive Washington Post-Schar School survey" (September 26, 2023)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/09/26/home-schooling-vs-public-school-poll/

"The Christian home-schooler who made ‘parental rights’ a GOP rallying cry
On a private call with Christian millionaires, home-schooling pioneer Michael Farris pushed for a strategy aimed at siphoning billions of tax dollars from public schools" (August 29, 2023)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/08/29/michael-farris-homeschoolers-parents-rights-ziklag/

"Covid, ADHD, race: Parents explain why they home-school their kids
When The Post asked readers to describe their home-schooling experiences, nearly 1,100 responded. Here’s what they told us." (August 17, 2023)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/08/17/why-parents-homeschool-kids/

"For many home-schoolers, parents are no longer doing the teaching" (August 17, 2023)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/interactive/2023/homeschooling-microschools-pods-esa-vouchers/

"The Christian home-schooler revolt: Behind the story with the reporter
Peter Jamison, an enterprise reporter at The Post, answered reader questions about the story" (June 1, 2023)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/06/01/questions-answers-christian-home-schooling/

"The revolt of the Christian home-schoolers
They were taught that public schools are evil. Then a Virginia couple defied their families and enrolled their kids." (May 30, 2023)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/interactive/2023/christian-home-schoolers-revolt/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://thedigradio.com/podcast/long-land-war-w-jo-guldi/">
    <title>Long Land War w/ Jo Guldi · The Dig</title>
    <dc:date>2023-10-02T15:32:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thedigradio.com/podcast/long-land-war-w-jo-guldi/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Featuring Jo Guldi on the global history of the long land war—a war over everything from agrarian reform to tenant rights, from India and China to England and Ireland, from the late 19th century through the present—and into the future."]]></description>
<dc:subject>joguldi land 2023 danieldenvir imperialism us uk poscolonialism ireland india mexico landredistribution politics england china russia ussr sovietunion history rural urban urbanization mikedavis un fao leagueofnations japan korea displacement theft europe northamerica canada indigeneity indigenous latinamerica guatemala unitedfruitcompany humanrights feudalism capitalism capital inequality famine genocide geopolitics geography power economics democracy coldwar vietnam southafrica kenya climatechange water waterrights governance benedictanderson bureaucracy systems justice food hunger agriculture data statistics sociology socialsciences property ownership landback landlords tenants tenantsrights cooperatives infrastructure information maps mapping roads empire socialism trains kimstanleyrobinson soil rent socialjustice malthusianism paulehrlich population overpopulation malthus williampaddock paulpaddock globalsouth propertyrights decentralization elizabethpaddock 1970s globallandreform maotsetung industrializa</dc:subject>
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<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:3ed4c88b40eb/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ifitweremyhome.com">
    <title>If It Were My Home</title>
    <dc:date>2023-05-13T00:14:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ifitweremyhome.com</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The lottery of birth is responsible for much of who we are. If you were not born in the country you were, what would your life be like? Would you be the same person?

IfItWereMyHome.com is your gateway to understanding life outside your home. Use our country comparison tool to compare living conditions in your own country to those of another. Start by selecting a region to compare on the map to the right, and begin your exploration.

You can also use our visualization tool to help understand the impact of a disaster. The Pakistan Flood and BP Oil Spill are currently featured. Check out the individual pages to gain some perspective on these awful tragedies.

If you're not sure where to begin, try this week's featured country, Dominican Republic"]]></description>
<dc:subject>geography statistics comparison crime lifeexpectancy labor qualityoflife environment via:lukeneff</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:d996d345bf44/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.curbed.com/2023/01/nyc-real-estate-covid-more-apartments-higher-rent.html">
    <title>New Yorkers Never Came ‘Flooding Back.’ Why Did Rents Go Up?</title>
    <dc:date>2023-01-31T23:41:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.curbed.com/2023/01/nyc-real-estate-covid-more-apartments-higher-rent.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Getting to the bottom of a COVID-era real estate mystery."]]></description>
<dc:subject>migration nyc rent rents housing algorithms landlords 2023 collusion statistics marketing lanebrown realpage software automation usps data</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:4ef7328ef878/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/shorts/paEoh6yxvv0">
    <title>Why population pyramids aren't always pyramid-shaped #shorts - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-12-05T21:01:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/shorts/paEoh6yxvv0</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>population statistics information infoviz 2022 comparison generations age aging gender</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:027a39d3e42e/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAuwPue57Vs">
    <title>Where to aim a penalty kick - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-11-24T15:58:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAuwPue57Vs</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If you watch hundreds of kicks, it’s possible to make some conclusions.

A World Cup penalty kick shootout can be one of the tensest ways to end a match. But where’s the best spot to place a kick?

Data scientist Pablo López Landeros pored over hundreds of kicks and tracked where keepers dove, where players kicked the ball and, most importantly, when they scored a goal. As the above video shows, the results provided some conclusions — and also raised some questions about the best spot for a penalty kick.

Further Reading:
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/pablollanderos33/world-cup-penalty-shootouts
Check out Pablo’s dataset above, as well as some of the visualizations built off of it.

https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2594708-a-brief-history-of-the-panenka-best-and-worst-cheeky-penalties
Histories of the Panenka kick, like the above, are a good way to waste the afternoon."]]></description>
<dc:subject>sports football futbol soccer statistics data penaltykicks 2022 pablolópezlanderos zidane panenka worldcup</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://goldammer.me/blogs/articles/watch-guide-dial-color">
    <title>The Ultimate Watch Guide - Dial Color – Goldammer Vintage Watches</title>
    <dc:date>2022-09-28T02:36:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://goldammer.me/blogs/articles/watch-guide-dial-color</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A Story Everywhere Who would have guessed that there might be an interesting story to dial colors? I always love to challenge myself - and the reader - to look beyond the classic narratives of the watch world. I think the most minuscule details can grant new insights into the history of watchmaking if only we allow ourselves to look closer. So, please, allow yourself to follow me down the rabbit hole of historic watch design in all its facets and ... colors."]]></description>
<dc:subject>watches statistics history dials color 2022 marcussiems data</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:1e241316b8c6/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5k_UQaOKgF4">
    <title>Why is the Value of a Watch Important Today? (Brand, Demand, Retention) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-05-22T17:54:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5k_UQaOKgF4</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A discussion around the Value of the Watch. More and more often today we are told that watches are better "because they hold their value". I believe that the word "Value" has been lost in translation. It is a powerful word that when used as a Noun can mean so much more than when it is used as a Verb.  

#WatchValue #WatchDealing #WatchCollecting

Introduction 0:00
Value - Lost in Translation 1:31
The Value of Past Generations 2:19
Value and Society 3:15
Brands and Demand 3:41
Details Driving up Value 5:30
Buying a Watch that Holds Value? 6:22
The Value of a Watch is Important 7:51
What does Value mean to You? 9:34"]]></description>
<dc:subject>idguy watches investment value markets society language collecting collections capitalism repair maintenance history importance sentimentality money brand branding rolex valueretention heritage economics demand prices design information informationoverload details vintage numbers statistics hobbies analog mechanics enjoyment happiness specifications watchcollecting</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://annehelen.substack.com/p/a-loose-essay-in-figures">
    <title>a loose essay in figures - Culture Study</title>
    <dc:date>2021-03-30T02:10:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://annehelen.substack.com/p/a-loose-essay-in-figures</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A few stats, words, and charts that have been knocking around in my brain, trying to arrive at something like meaning. Let me know which ones knock around in your brain, too."]]></description>
<dc:subject>statistics essays howwewrite form 2021 inequality covid-19 coronavirus pandemic capitalism latecapitalism maintenance care repair patagonia target cars used consumerism longevity repairability unproduct nonproduct education labor work childcare economics amazon wages salaries vaccines vaccination unions organizing workforce us teaching teachers taxes costofliving housing healthcare transportation mobility debt savings clothing obsolescence fastfashion annehelenpetersen latestagecapitalism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Co4FES0ehyI">
    <title>Does Capitalism Actually Reduce Poverty? (with Richard Wolff) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-10T23:31:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Co4FES0ehyI</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Professor Richard Wolff of the New School joins us to answer this question. You’ve probably heard that “capitalism has reduced global poverty by 90 percent.” It’s a line frequently parroted by capitalism’s most enthusiastic promoters. But there’s a problem with those claims: they’re either misleading or outright false. Wolff breaks it down.”

[See also:
“Richard Wolff: How Capitalism Exploits You”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mI_RMQEulw

"At the very heart of capitalism is a system of exploitation. That is not a pejorative label: it’s an objective definition of what work actually means. In order for capitalists to make a profit, their workers have to earn less than the value they produce, and that extra value has to go to their bosses. You’re being robbed – and it’s the system called capitalism that’s doing it. Professor Richard Wolff, the Founder of Democracy at Work, explains."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>richardwolff 2021 poverty capitalism lyingwithstatistics economics china propaganda socialprograms socialism statistics growth cuba socilaism infantmortality lifeexpectancy denmark finland inequality unions recessions crisis covid-19 coronavirus health profit gravelinstitute labor exploitation profits</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://data-feminism.mitpress.mit.edu/">
    <title>Data Feminism</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-17T20:43:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://data-feminism.mitpress.mit.edu/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“A new way of thinking about data science and data ethics that is informed by the ideas of intersectional feminism.

Today, data science is a form of power. It has been used to expose injustice, improve health outcomes, and topple governments. But it has also been used to discriminate, police, and surveil. This potential for good, on the one hand, and harm, on the other, makes it essential to ask: Data science by whom? Data science for whom? Data science with whose interests in mind? The narratives around big data and data science are overwhelmingly white, male, and techno-heroic. In Data Feminism, Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren Klein present a new way of thinking about data science and data ethics—one that is informed by intersectional feminist thought.

Illustrating data feminism in action, D’Ignazio and Klein show how challenges to the male/female binary can help challenge other hierarchical (and empirically wrong) classification systems. They explain how, for example, an understanding of emotion can expand our ideas about effective data visualization, and how the concept of invisible labor can expose the significant human efforts required by our automated systems. And they show why the data never, ever “speak for themselves.”

Data Feminism offers strategies for data scientists seeking to learn how feminism can help them work toward justice, and for feminists who want to focus their efforts on the growing field of data science. But Data Feminism is about much more than gender. It is about power, about who has it and who doesn’t, and about how those differentials of power can be challenged and changed.

Read

Acknowledgments

Introduction: Why Data Science Needs Feminism

1. The Power Chapter

Principle #1 of Data Feminism is to Examine Power. Data feminism begins by analyzing how power operates in the world.

2. Collect, Analyze, Imagine, Teach

Principle #2 of Data Feminism is to Challenge Power. Data feminism commits to challenging unequal power structures and working toward justice.

3. On Rational, Scientific, Objective Viewpoints from Mythical, Imaginary, Impossible Standpoints

Principle #3 of Data Feminism is to Elevate Emotion and Embodiment. Data feminism teaches us to value multiple forms of knowledge, including the knowledge that comes from people as living, feeling bodies in the world.

4. “What Gets Counted Counts”

Principle #4 of Data Feminism is to Rethink Binaries and Hierarchies. Data feminism requires us to challenge the gender binary, along with other systems of counting and classification that perpetuate oppression.

5. Unicorns, Janitors, Ninjas, Wizards, and Rock Stars

Principle #5 of Data Feminism is to Embrace Pluralism. Data feminism insists that the most complete knowledge comes from synthesizing multiple perspectives, with priority given to local, Indigenous, and experiential ways of knowing.

6. The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves

Principle #6 of Data Feminism is to Consider Context. Data feminism asserts that data are not neutral or objective. They are the products of unequal social relations, and this context is essential for conducting accurate, ethical analysis.

7. Show Your Work

Principle #7 of Data Feminism is to Make Labor Visible. The work of data science, like all work in the world, is the work of many hands. Data feminism makes this labor visible so that it can be recognized and valued.

Conclusion: Now Let’s Multiply

Our Values and Our Metrics for Holding Ourselves Accountable
by Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren Klein

Auditing Data Feminism, by Isabel Carter
by Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren Klein

Acknowledgment of Community Organizations
by Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren Klein

Figure Credits
by Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren Klein”]]></description>
<dc:subject>data datafeminism feminism 2020 books measurement humanities digitalhumanities laurenklein ethics dataethics datascience statistics intersectionality binaries power analysis justice socialjustice objectivity knowledge bodies counting classification genderbinary gender hierarchy pluralism indigenous indigeneity knowing understanding diversity multiplicity experience context transparency visibility labor catherined’ignazio hierarchies oppression emotion embodiment</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAL5X3TRA2A">
    <title>One of the all-time greatest NFL teams didn't even make the playoffs | Dorktown - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2020-06-25T21:37:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAL5X3TRA2A</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>sandiegochargers 2010 statistics sports sandiego americanfootball nfl</dc:subject>
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    <title>Methods Toolkit – Designing Methodologies</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-25T21:21:05+00:00</dc:date>
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<item rdf:about="https://soundcloud.com/citationsneeded/episode-87-nate-silver-and-the-crisis-of-pundit-brain">
    <title>Episode 87: Nate Silver and the Crisis of Pundit Brain by Citations Needed Podcast</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-23T01:20:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://soundcloud.com/citationsneeded/episode-87-nate-silver-and-the-crisis-of-pundit-brain</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Nate Silver tell us Joe Biden’s inconsistent political beliefs are, in fact, a benefit. They’re “his calling card” and evidence he “reads the room pretty well”. Venality, we are told, is “a normal and often successful [mode] for a politician.” Insurgent progressive groups like Justice Democrats shouldn’t call Biden out of touch with the base because, Silver tell us, “only 26 of the 79 candidates it endorsed last year won their primaries, and only 7 of those went on to win the general election.”

On Twitter and his in columns, high-status pundit Nate Silver, has made a career reporting on the polls and insisting he’s just a dispassionate, non-ideological conduit of Cold Hard Facts, just channeling the holy word of data. Empirical journalism, he calls it. But this schtick, however, is very ideological - a reactionary worldview that prioritizes describing the world, rather than changing it. For Silver - and data-fetishists like him - politics is a sport to be gamed, rather than a mechanism for improving people’s lives.

We are joined by Current Affairs editor-in-chief Nathan J. Robinson."]]></description>
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    <title>Opinion | The College Dropout Crisis - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2019-06-02T07:28:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/23/opinion/sunday/college-graduation-rates-ranking.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["American higher education has a dropout problem. About one in three students who enroll in college never earn a degree. But a promising solution is staring us in the face: Schools with similar students often have very different graduation rates. This suggests that the problem isn’t the students — it’s the schools. 

Here we looked at 368 colleges arranged by what we would expect their graduation rates to be, based on the average for colleges with similar student bodies."

…

"For too long, she added, university leaders have been distracted and have been chasing prestige and rankings, rather than getting better at helping students succeed."]]></description>
<dc:subject>colleges universities highered highereducation dropouts data 2019 statistics education academia prestige rankings learning collegerankings</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://possiblywrong.wordpress.com/2019/04/06/follow-up-i-found-two-identical-packs-of-skittles-among-468-packs-with-a-total-of-27740-skittles/">
    <title>Follow-up: I found two identical packs of Skittles, among 468 packs with a total of 27,740 Skittles | Possibly Wrong</title>
    <dc:date>2019-04-18T23:08:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://possiblywrong.wordpress.com/2019/04/06/follow-up-i-found-two-identical-packs-of-skittles-among-468-packs-with-a-total-of-27740-skittles/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This is a follow-up to a post from earlier this year discussing the likelihood of encountering two identical packs of Skittles, that is, two packs having exactly the same number of candies of each flavor. Under some reasonable assumptions, it was estimated that we should expect to have to inspect “only about 400-500 packs” on average until encountering a first duplicate."]]></description>
<dc:subject>math mathematics classideas statistics probability 2019</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/29/bill-gates-davos-global-poverty-infographic-neoliberal">
    <title>Bill Gates says poverty is decreasing. He couldn’t be more wrong | Jason Hickel | Opinion | The Guardian</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-01T04:44:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/29/bill-gates-davos-global-poverty-infographic-neoliberal</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["An infographic endorsed by the Davos set presents the story of coerced global proletarianisation as a neoliberal triumph"

"Last week, as world leaders and business elites arrived in Davos for the World Economic Forum, Bill Gates tweeted an infographic to his 46 million followers showing that the world has been getting better and better. “This is one of my favourite infographics,” he wrote. “A lot of people underestimate just how much life has improved over the past two centuries.”

Of the six graphs – developed by Max Roser of Our World in Data – the first has attracted the most attention by far. It shows that the proportion of people living in poverty has declined from 94% in 1820 to only 10% today. The claim is simple and compelling. And it’s not just Gates who’s grabbed on to it. These figures have been trotted out in the past year by everyone from Steven Pinker to Nick Kristof and much of the rest of the Davos set to argue that the global extension of free-market capitalism has been great for everyone. Pinker and Gates have gone even further, saying we shouldn’t complain about rising inequality when the very forces that deliver such immense wealth to the richest are also eradicating poverty before our very eyes.

It’s a powerful narrative. And it’s completely wrong.

[tweet by Bill Gates with graphs]

There are a number of problems with this graph, though. First of all, real data on poverty has only been collected since 1981. Anything before that is extremely sketchy, and to go back as far as 1820 is meaningless. Roser draws on a dataset that was never intended to describe poverty, but rather inequality in the distribution of world GDP – and that for only a limited range of countries. There is no actual research to bolster the claims about long-term poverty. It’s not science; it’s social media.

What Roser’s numbers actually reveal is that the world went from a situation where most of humanity had no need of money at all to one where today most of humanity struggles to survive on extremely small amounts of money. The graph casts this as a decline in poverty, but in reality what was going on was a process of dispossession that bulldozed people into the capitalist labour system, during the enclosure movements in Europe and the colonisation of the global south.

Prior to colonisation, most people lived in subsistence economies where they enjoyed access to abundant commons – land, water, forests, livestock and robust systems of sharing and reciprocity. They had little if any money, but then they didn’t need it in order to live well – so it makes little sense to claim that they were poor. This way of life was violently destroyed by colonisers who forced people off the land and into European-owned mines, factories and plantations, where they were paid paltry wages for work they never wanted to do in the first place.

In other words, Roser’s graph illustrates a story of coerced proletarianisation. It is not at all clear that this represents an improvement in people’s lives, as in most cases we know that the new income people earned from wages didn’t come anywhere close to compensating for their loss of land and resources, which were of course gobbled up by colonisers. Gates’s favourite infographic takes the violence of colonisation and repackages it as a happy story of progress.

But that’s not all that’s wrong here. The trend that the graph depicts is based on a poverty line of $1.90 (£1.44) per day, which is the equivalent of what $1.90 could buy in the US in 2011. It’s obscenely low by any standard, and we now have piles of evidence that people living just above this line have terrible levels of malnutrition and mortality. Earning $2 per day doesn’t mean that you’re somehow suddenly free of extreme poverty. Not by a long shot.

Scholars have been calling for a more reasonable poverty line for many years. Most agree that people need a minimum of about $7.40 per day to achieve basic nutrition and normal human life expectancy, plus a half-decent chance of seeing their kids survive their fifth birthday. And many scholars, including Harvard economist Lant Pritchett, insist that the poverty line should be set even higher, at $10 to $15 per day.

So what happens if we measure global poverty at the low end of this more realistic spectrum – $7.40 per day, to be extra conservative? Well, we see that the number of people living under this line has increased dramatically since measurements began in 1981, reaching some 4.2 billion people today. Suddenly the happy Davos narrative melts away.

Moreover, the few gains that have been made have virtually all happened in one place: China. It is disingenuous, then, for the likes of Gates and Pinker to claim these gains as victories for Washington-consensus neoliberalism. Take China out of the equation, and the numbers look even worse. Over the four decades since 1981, not only has the number of people in poverty gone up, the proportion of people in poverty has remained stagnant at about 60%. It would be difficult to overstate the suffering that these numbers represent.

This is a ringing indictment of our global economic system, which is failing the vast majority of humanity. Our world is richer than ever before, but virtually all of it is being captured by a small elite. Only 5% of all new income from global growth trickles down to the poorest 60% – and yet they are the people who produce most of the food and goods that the world consumes, toiling away in those factories, plantations and mines to which they were condemned 200 years ago. It is madness – and no amount of mansplaining from billionaires will be adequate to justify it."

[See also: 

"A Letter to Steven Pinker (and Bill Gates, For That Matter) About Global Poverty"
https://www.jasonhickel.org/blog/2019/2/3/pinker-and-global-poverty

"A Response to Max Roser: How Not to Measure Global Poverty"
https://www.jasonhickel.org/blog/2019/2/6/response-to-max-roser

"Citations Needed Podcast: Episode 58: The Neoliberal Optimism Industry"
https://soundcloud.com/citationsneeded/episode-58-the-neoliberal-optimism-industry ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>billgates statistics capitalism inequality poverty 2019 jasonhickel davos wealth land property colonialism colonization maxroser data stevenpinker nicholaskristof gdp dispossession labor work money neoliberalism exploitation</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://hbr.org/2018/07/if-you-say-something-is-likely-how-likely-do-people-think-it-is">
    <title>If You Say Something Is “Likely,” How Likely Do People Think It Is?</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-08T19:05:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://hbr.org/2018/07/if-you-say-something-is-likely-how-likely-do-people-think-it-is</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>time frequency communication statistics datascience 2018 words meaning precision</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/which-city-has-the-most-unpredictable-weather/">
    <title>Which City Has The Most Unpredictable Weather? | FiveThirtyEight</title>
    <dc:date>2018-06-10T04:37:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/which-city-has-the-most-unpredictable-weather/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["You can easily make out the path of the Rocky Mountains in this map. Cities just to the east of them — like Denver and Great Falls, Montana — have much more unpredictable temperatures than almost any place to the west of them.

Cities just to the east of the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico have the most predictable temperatures. San Diego’s temperatures are the most predictable of anywhere in the continental United States (Honolulu’s are the most predictable overall). Seattle and San Francisco have highly predictable temperatures, as does the Florida peninsula."]]></description>
<dc:subject>weather predictions 2018 statistics climate california visualization honolulu sandiego hawaii losangeles sanfrancisco fresno phoenix westcoast classideas foreden</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/kpanyc/status/1000827586572898304">
    <title>Dr. Kate Antonova on Twitter: &quot;If anyone ever asked me, as a college prof, what qualities I'd like to see in my incoming students (no one ever has, tho a number of non-profs have told me what I'm supposed to want), it's this: curiosity and a reading habit</title>
    <dc:date>2018-05-28T18:24:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/kpanyc/status/1000827586572898304</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If anyone ever asked me, as a college prof, what qualities I'd like to see in my incoming students (no one ever has, tho a number of non-profs have told me what I'm supposed to want), it's this: curiosity and a reading habit.

[Links to: "How Our Obsession With College Prep Hurts Kids"

https://www.chronicle.com/article/How-Our-Obsession-With-College/243459?key=3gZXXhLQjFMTjaMwNwzCEQpsINeRL6GkHu8ch6mHb8ZREuWEf6Qmo5gM5YChCxE0RmoxbHVSemFhLWJTcnJBUndoVFpqMFBBeXVYajZhaW9GMmdBbktRY1MwWQ ]

The other really important thing for success in college, IMO, is self-regulation, but that's a super-hard thing for everybody & esp kids who are still developing cognitively. I see no value, & a lot of harm, in forcing regulation before it's developmentally appropriate.

Plus, IME, if you have enough curiosity, you end up regulating yourself in ways that are nearly impossible for a task you're not into. So it all comes back to curiosity.

The other thing that'd be nice - but is not essential - to see in incoming freshmen is an accurate sense of what college is for. Most people are pretty madly and deeply misinformed on that, and that's harming kids.

Too many kids come to college bc they're told it's necessary, or bc it's the only way to a decent job. Both are lies. They should come, when they're ready, because it's the best way to achieve next-level critical thought specific to one or more disciplines.

So we're back to curiosity again. But the reading part is at least as important, & is interrelated. I'm not an expert on instilling curiosity or encouraging reading in k-12. But I'm damn sure standardized testing isn't the answer & neither is traditional, required homework.

I'm pretty certain, too, that seven hours of mostly sitting still and listening isn't terribly useful (and at the elementary level it's downright cruel).

I don't think anything I've said here is earth-shattering. Yet the conventional wisdom about what makes public k-12 education "good" is soooooo far off the mark.

If I cld fantasize ab what I'd like my future students to have done before college, it'd be this: read & write every day, a variety of texts; interact in a sustained way w lots of different ppl; & practice creative problem-solving in small groups, guided by knowledgeable adults.

That's something public schools *could* do, they just don't, because it's not what the public wants. Even the private schools that do some of that are usually pretty notoriously bad at exposing students to people different from themselves.

I've taught everyone from super-elite Ivy students from private high schools to the kids struggling to stay in CUNY after k-12 in troubled NYC publics. They were ALL missing out in different ways. The best students are always, always the readers.

The best of the best I've ever taught have been readers from backgrounds that happened, for whatever reasons, to expose them to a wide variety of circumstances. 

School is almost never what brought those students either of those advantages. 

But it could be."]]></description>
<dc:subject>kateantonova highered highereducation colleges universities education curiosity learning purpose 2018 cognition problemsolving creativity lcproject openstudioproject sfsh tcsnmy cv k12 statistics calculus reading howwelearn howweteach highschool publicschools schools schooling children adolescence diversity exposure</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.ollielovell.com/errr/adriansimpson/">
    <title>ERRR #017. Adrian Simpson critiquing the meta-analysis - ollie lovell</title>
    <dc:date>2018-05-17T00:25:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ollielovell.com/errr/adriansimpson/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via this thread: https://twitter.com/alfiekohn/status/996382167772160000 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>johnhattie adriansimpson meta-analysis education pedagogy teaching research learning ollielovell visiblelearning statistics aggregation</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.fs.blog/2018/03/dacher-keltner-power/">
    <title>Survival of the Kindest: Dacher Keltner Reveals the New Rules of Power</title>
    <dc:date>2018-03-10T20:36:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.fs.blog/2018/03/dacher-keltner-power/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["When Pixar was dreaming up the idea for Inside Out, a film that would explore the roiling emotions inside the head of a young girl, they needed guidance from an expert. So they called Dacher Keltner.

Dacher is a psychologist at UC Berkeley who has dedicated his career to understanding how human emotion shapes the way we interact with the world, how we properly manage difficult or stressful situations, and ultimately, how we treat one another.

In fact, he refers to emotions as the “language of social living.” The more fluent we are in this language, the happier and more meaningful our lives can be.

We tackle a wide variety of topics in this conversation that I think you’ll really enjoy.

You’ll learn:

• The three main drivers that determine your personal happiness and life satisfaction
• Simple things you can do everyday to jumpstart the “feel good” reward center of your brain
• The principle of “jen” and how we can use “high-jen behaviors” to bootstrap our own happiness
• How to have more positive influence in our homes, at work and in our communities.
• How to teach your kids to be more kind and empathetic in an increasingly self-centered world
• What you can do to stay grounded and humble if you are in a position of power or authority
• How to catch our own biases when we’re overly critical of another’s ideas (or overconfident in our own)

And much more. We could have spent an hour discussing any one of these points alone, but there was so much I wanted to cover. I’m certain you’ll find this episode well worth your time."]]></description>
<dc:subject>compassion kindness happiness dacherkeltner power charlesdarwin evolution psychology culture society history race racism behavior satisfaction individualism humility authority humans humanism morality morals multispecies morethanhuman objects wisdom knowledge heidegger ideas science socialdarwinism class naturalselection egalitarianism abolitionism care caring art vulnerability artists scientists context replicability research socialsciences 2018 statistics replication metaanalysis socialcontext social borntobegood change human emotions violence evolutionarypsychology slvery rape stevenpinker torture christopherboehm hunter-gatherers gender weapons democracy machiavelli feminism prisons mentalillness drugs prisonindustrialcomplex progress politics 1990s collaboration canon horizontality hierarchy small civilization cities urban urbanism tribes religion dogma polygamy slavery pigeons archaeology inequality nomads nomadism anarchism anarchy agriculture literacy ruleoflaw humanrights governance government hannah</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/explore/which-letters-are-used-most">
    <title>Which letters in the alphabet are use... | Oxford Dictionaries</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-27T05:10:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/explore/which-letters-are-used-most</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>language english data statistics classideas letters</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/">
    <title>Atlas for the End of the World</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-06T23:17:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://kottke.org/17/06/an-atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world ]

"Coming almost 450 years after the world's first Atlas, this Atlas for the End of the World audits the status of land use and urbanization in the most critically endangered bioregions on Earth. It does so, firstly, by measuring the quantity of protected area across the world's 36 biodiversity hotspots in comparison to United Nation's 2020 targets; and secondly, by identifying where future urban growth in these territories is on a collision course with endangered species.

By bringing urbanization and conservation together in the same study, the essays, maps, data, and artwork in this Atlas lay essential groundwork for the future planning and design of hotspot cities and regions as interdependent ecological and economic systems."

…

"The findings of this research are threefold: first, a majority of the ecoregions in the hotspots fall well short of United Nations' 2020 targets for protected lands; second, almost all the cities in the hotspots are projected to continue to sprawl in an unregulated manner into the world's most valuable habitats; and finally, only a small number of the 196 nations who are party to the CBD (and the 142 nations who have sovereign jurisdiction over the hotspots) have any semblance of appropriately scaled, land use planning which would help reconcile international conservation values with local economic imperatives.6

By focusing attention on the hotspots in the lead-up to the UN's 2020 deadline for achieving the Aichi targets, this atlas is intended as a geopolitical tool to help prioritize conservation land-use planning. It is also a call to landscape architects, urban designers, and planners to become more involved in helping reconcile ecology and economics in these territories.

Set diametrically at the opposite end of modernity to Ortelius' original, this atlas promotes cultivation, not conquest. As such, this atlas is not about the end of the world at all, for that cosmological inevitability awaits the sun's explosion some 2.5 or so billion years away: it is about the end of Ortelius' world, the end of the world as a God-given and unlimited resource for human exploitation. On this, even the Catholic Church is now adamant: "we have no such right" writes Pope Francis.7"

…

"This immense and ever-expanding trove of remotely sensed data and imagery is the basis of the world's shared Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The subject of this cyborgian, perpetual mapping-machine is not only where things are in space, but more importantly how things change over time. Because the environmental crisis is generally a question of understanding what is changing where, we can say that with remote sensing and its data-streams we have entered not only the apocalyptic age of star wars and the white-noise world of global telecommunications, but more optimistically, the age of ecological cartography.

The "judgment and bias" of this atlas lies firstly in our acceptance of the public data as a given; secondly in the utilization of GIS to rapidly read and translate metadata as a reasonable basis for map-making in the age of ecological cartography; thirdly, in our foregrounding of each map's particular theme to the exclusion of all others; and finally in the way that a collection of ostensibly neutral and factual maps is combined to form an atlas that, by implication, raises prescient questions of land-use on a global scale."

…

"Who are the Atlas authors?
The Atlas for the End of the World project was conceived and directed by Richard Weller who is the Martin and Margy Meyerson Chair of Urbanism and Professor and Chair of the Department of Landscape Architecture at The University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). The Atlas was researched and created in collaboration with Claire Hoch and Chieh Huang, both recent graduates from the Department of Landscape Architecture at UPenn now practicing landscape architecture in Australia and the United States."]]></description>
<dc:subject>biodiversity culture future maps anthropocene earth multispecies environment ecology ecosystems mapping data visualization infographics dataviz bioregions atlases geography urbanization cities nature naturalhistory california classideas flora fauna plants animals wildlife morethanhuman human-animalrelations human-animalrelationships economics endangersspecies statistics richardweller clairehoch chiehhuang</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://kottke.org/17/06/an-atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world">
    <title>An Atlas for the End of the World</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-06T23:13:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://kottke.org/17/06/an-atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Atlas for the End of the World is a project started by Penn architect Richard Weller to highlight the effects of human civilization and urbanization on our planet’s biodiversity.

<blockquote>Coming almost 450 years after the world’s first Atlas, this Atlas for the End of the World audits the status of land use and urbanization in the most critically endangered bioregions on Earth. It does so, firstly, by measuring the quantity of protected area across the world’s 36 biodiversity hotspots in comparison to United Nation’s 2020 targets; and secondly, by identifying where future urban growth in these territories is on a collision course with endangered species.</blockquote>

There’s lots to see at the site: world and regional maps, data visualizations, key statistical data, photos of plants and animals that have been modified by humans, as well as several essays on a variety of topics.

And here’s a fun map: countries with national biodiversity strategies and action plans in place. Take a wild guess which country is one of the very few without such a plan in place!"

[See also:
http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/
http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/hotspots_main.html
http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/hotspots/california_floristic_province.pdf
http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/world_maps_main.html
http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/flora_and_fauna.html
http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/world_maps/world_maps_biodiversity_planning.html ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>anthropocene maps mapping atlases geography urbanization cities nature naturalhistory california classideas flora fauna plants animals wildlife multispecies morethanhuman human-animalrelations human-animalrelationships biodiversity ecology economics ecosystems endangersspecies visualization data statistics</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://pudding.cool/2017/09/hip-hop-words/">
    <title>The Words That Are “Most Hip Hop”</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-22T21:02:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://pudding.cool/2017/09/hip-hop-words/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>hiphop visualization music statistics dataviz infoviz lyrics words usage 2017 wordchoice</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o341S4xh1r0">
    <title>Impakt Festival 2017 - Performance: ANAB JAIN. HQ - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-14T06:32:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o341S4xh1r0</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Embedded here: http://impakt.nl/festival/reports/impakt-festival-2017/impakt-festival-2017-anab-jain/ ]

"'Everything is Beautiful and Nothing Hurts': @anab_jain's expansive keynote @impaktfestival weaves threads through death, transcience, uncertainty, growthism, technological determinism, precarity, imagination and truths. Thanks to @jonardern for masterful advise on 'modelling reality', and @tobias_revell and @ndkane for the invitation."
https://www.instagram.com/p/BbctTcRFlFI/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-csts.html">
    <title>Statistics on flag colors</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-24T18:41:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-csts.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via:

"what's the least common colour used on web pages?"
https://twitter.com/v21/status/911963557763407872

"digging into this a little reveals no real answers, but did turn up this lovely page on colours in flags: http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xf-csts.html "
https://twitter.com/v21/status/911970920394346497 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>flags color data statistics webdev</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/opinion/sunday/white-resentment-affirmative-action.html">
    <title>The Policies of White Resentment - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2017-08-06T01:45:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/opinion/sunday/white-resentment-affirmative-action.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["White resentment put Donald Trump in the White House. And there is every indication that it will keep him there, especially as he continues to transform that seething, irrational fear about an increasingly diverse America into policies that feed his supporters’ worst racial anxieties.

If there is one consistent thread through Mr. Trump’s political career, it is his overt connection to white resentment and white nationalism. Mr. Trump’s fixation on Barack Obama’s birth certificate gave him the white nationalist street cred that no other Republican candidate could match, and that credibility has sustained him in office — no amount of scandal or evidence of incompetence will undermine his followers’ belief that he, and he alone, could Make America White Again.

The guiding principle in Mr. Trump’s government is to turn the politics of white resentment into the policies of white rage — that calculated mechanism of executive orders, laws and agency directives that undermines and punishes minority achievement and aspiration. No wonder that, even while his White House sinks deeper into chaos, scandal and legislative mismanagement, Mr. Trump’s approval rating among whites (and only whites) has remained unnaturally high. Washington may obsess over Obamacare repeal, Russian sanctions and the debt ceiling, but Mr. Trump’s base sees something different — and, to them, inspiring.

Like on Christmas morning, every day brings his supporters presents: travel bans against Muslims, Immigration and Customs Enforcement raids in Hispanic communities and brutal, family-gutting deportations, a crackdown on sanctuary cities, an Election Integrity Commission stacked with notorious vote suppressors, announcements of a ban on transgender personnel in the military, approval of police brutality against “thugs,” a denial of citizenship to immigrants who serve in the armed forces and a renewed war on drugs that, if it is anything like the last one, will single out African-Americans and Latinos although they are not the primary drug users in this country. Last week, Mr. Trump and Attorney General Jeff Sessions put the latest package under the tree: a staffing call for a case on reverse discrimination in college admissions, likely the first step in a federal assault on affirmative action and a determination to hunt for colleges and universities that discriminate against white applicants.

That so many of these policies are based on perception and lies rather than reality is nothing new. White resentment has long thrived on the fantasy of being under siege and having to fight back, as the mass lynchings and destruction of thriving, politically active black communities in Colfax, La. (1873), Wilmington, N.C. (1898), Ocoee, Fla. (1920), and Tulsa, Okla. (1921), attest. White resentment needs the boogeyman of job-taking, maiden-ravaging, tax-evading, criminally inclined others to justify the policies that thwart the upward mobility and success of people of color.

The last half-century hasn’t changed that. The war on drugs, for example, branded African-Americans and Latinos as felons, which stripped them of voting rights and access to housing and education just when the civil rights movement had pushed open the doors to those opportunities in the United States.

Similarly, the intensified war on immigrants comes, not coincidentally, at the moment when Latinos have gained visible political power, asserted their place in American society and achieved greater access to schools and colleges. The ICE raids have terrorized these communities, led to attendance drop-offs in schools and silenced many from even seeking their legal rights when abused.

The so-called Election Integrity Commission falls in the same category. It is a direct response to the election of Mr. Obama as president. Despite the howls from Mr. Trump and the Republicans, there was no widespread voter fraud then or now. Instead, what happened was that millions of new voters, overwhelmingly African-American, Hispanic and Asian, cast the ballots that put a black man in the White House. The punishment for participating in democracy has been a rash of voter ID laws, the purging of names from the voter rolls, redrawn district boundaries and closed and moved polling places.

Affirmative action is no different. It, too, requires a narrative of white legitimate grievance, a sense of being wronged by the presence of blacks, Latinos and Asians in positions that had once been whites only. Lawsuit after lawsuit, most recently Abigail Fisher’s suit against the University of Texas, feed the myth of unqualified minorities taking a valuable resource — a college education — away from deserving whites.

In order to make that plausible, Ms. Fisher and her lawyers had to ignore the large number of whites who were admitted to the university with scores lower than hers. And they had to ignore the sizable number of blacks and Latinos who were denied admission although their SAT scores and grade point averages were higher than hers. They also had to ignore Texas’ unsavory racial history and its impact. The Brown decision came down in 1954, yet the Dallas public school system remained under a federal desegregation order from 1971 to 2003.

The university was slow to end its whites-only admissions policy, and its practice of automatically admitting the top 10 percent of each Texas public high school’s graduating class has actually led to an overrepresentation of whites. Meanwhile, African-Americans represent only 4 percent of the University of Texas student body, despite making up about 14 percent of the state’s graduating high school students.

Although you will never hear this from Mr. Sessions, men are the greatest beneficiaries of affirmative action in college admissions: Their combination of test scores, grades and achievements is simply no match for that of women, whose academic profiles are much stronger. Yet to provide some semblance of gender balance on campuses, admissions directors have to dig down deep into the applicant pool to cobble together enough males to form an incoming class.

Part of what has been essential in this narrative of affirmative action as theft of white resources — my college acceptance, my job — is the notion of “merit,” where whites have it but others don’t. When California banned affirmative action in college admissions and relied solely on standardized test scores and grades as the definition of “qualified,” black and Latino enrollments plummeted. Whites, however, were not the beneficiaries of this “merit-based” system. Instead, Asian enrollments soared and with that came white resentment at both “the hordes of Asians” at places like the University of California, Los Angeles, and an admissions process that stressed grades over other criteria.

That white resentment simply found a new target for its ire is no coincidence; white identity is often defined by its sense of being ever under attack, with the system stacked against it. That’s why Mr. Trump’s policies are not aimed at ameliorating white resentment, but deepening it. His agenda is not, fundamentally, about creating jobs or protecting programs that benefit everyone, including whites; it’s about creating purported enemies and then attacking them.

In the end, white resentment is so myopic and selfish that it cannot see that when the larger nation is thriving, whites are, too. Instead, it favors policies and politicians that may make America white again, but also hobbled and weakened, a nation that has squandered its greatest assets — its people and its democracy."]]></description>
<dc:subject>carolanderson 2017 race racism donaldtrump affirmativeaction colleges universities gender resentment us politics policy california universityofcalifornia universityoftexas statistics data admissions jeffsessions immigration democracy education highered highereducation nationalism disenfranchisement uc utaustin</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.longviewoneducation.org/field-guide-jobs-dont-exist-yet/">
    <title>A Field Guide to 'jobs that don't exist yet' - Long View on Education</title>
    <dc:date>2017-07-08T20:51:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.longviewoneducation.org/field-guide-jobs-dont-exist-yet/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Perhaps most importantly, the Future of Jobs relies on the perspective of CEOs to suggest that Capital has lacked input into the shape and direction of education. Ironically, the first person I found to make the claim about the future of jobs – Devereux C. Josephs – was both Businessman of the Year (1958) and the chair of Eisenhower’s President’s Committee on Education Beyond High School. More tellingly, in his historical context, Josephs was able to imagine a more equitable future where we shared in prosperity rather than competed against the world’s underprivileged on a ‘flat’ field.

The Political Shift that Happened

While the claim is often presented as a new and alarming fact or prediction about the future, Devereux C. Josephs said much the same in 1957 during a Conference on the American High School at the University of Chicago on October 28, less than a month after the Soviets launched Sputnik. If Friedman and his ‘flat’ earth followers were writing then, they would have been up in arms about the technological superiority of the Soviets, just like they now raise the alarm about the rise of India and China. Josephs was a past president of the Carnegie Corporation, and at the time served as Chairman of the Board of the New York Life Insurance Company.

While critics of the American education system erupted after the launch of Sputnik with calls to go back to basics, much as they would again decades later with A Nation at Risk (1983), Josephs was instead a “besieged defender” of education according to Okhee Lee and Michael Salwen. Here’s how Joseph’s talked about the future of work:

<blockquote>“We are too much inclined to think of careers and opportunities as if the oncoming generations were growing up to fill the jobs that are now held by their seniors. This is not true. Our young people will fill many jobs that do not now exist. They will invent products that will need new skills. Old-fashioned mercantilism and the nineteenth-century theory in which one man’s gain was another man’s loss, are being replaced by a dynamism in which the new ideas of a lot of people become the gains for many, many more.”4</blockquote>

Josephs’ claim brims with optimism about a new future, striking a tone which contrasts sharply with the Shift Happens video and its competitive fear of The Other and decline of Empire. We must recognize this shift that happens between then and now as an erasure of politics – a deletion of the opportunity to make a choice about how the abundant wealth created by automation – and perhaps more often by offshoring to cheap labor – would be shared.

The agentless construction in the Shift Happens version – “technologies that haven’t been invented yet” – contrasts with Josephs’ vision where today’s youth invent those technologies. More importantly, Josephs imagines a more equitable socio-technical future, marked not by competition, but where gains are shared. It should go without saying that this has not come to pass. As productivity shot up since the 1950’s, worker compensation has stagnated since around 1973.

In other words, the problem is not that Capital lacks a say in education, but that corporations and the 0.1% are reaping all the rewards and need to explain why. Too often, this explanation comes in the form of the zombie idea of a ‘skills gap’, which persists though it keeps being debunked. What else are CEOs going to say – and the skills gap is almost always based on an opinion survey  – when they are asked to explain stagnating wages?5

Josephs’ essay echoes John Maynard Keynes’ (1930) in his hope that the “average family” by 1977 “may take some of the [economic] gain in the form of leisure”; the dynamism of new ideas should have created gains for ‘many, many more’ people. Instead, the compensation for CEOs soared as the profit was privatized even though most of the risk for innovation was socialized by US government investment through programs such as DARPA.6"

…


"Audrey Watters has written about how futurists and gurus have figured out that “The best way to invent the future is to issue a press release.” Proponents of the ‘skills agenda’ like the OECD have essentially figured out how to make “the political more pedagogical”, to borrow a phrase from Henry Giroux. In their book, Most Likely to Succeed, Tony Wagner and billionaire Ted Dintersmith warn us that “if you can’t invent (and reinvent) your own job and distinctive competencies, you risk chronic underemployment.” Their movie, of the same title, repeats the hollow claim about ‘jobs that haven’t been invented yet’. Ironically, though Wagner tells us that “knowledge today is a free commodity”, you can only see the film in private screenings.

I don’t want to idealize Josephs, but revisiting his context helps us understand something about the debate about education and the future, not because he was a radical in his times, but because our times are radical.

In an interview at CUNY (2015), Gillian Tett asks Jeffrey Sachs and Paul Krugman what policy initiatives they would propose to deal with globalization, technology, and inequality.9 After Sachs and Krugman propose regulating finance, expanding aid to disadvantaged children, creating a robust  social safety net, reforming the tax system to eliminate privilege for the 0.1%, redistributing profits, raising wages, and strengthening the position of labor, Tett recounts a story:

<blockquote>“Back in January I actually moderated quite a similar event in Davos with a group of CEOs and general luminaries very much not just the 1% but probably the 0.1% and I asked them the same question. And what they came back with was education, education, and a bit of digital inclusion.”</blockquote>

Krugman, slightly lost for words, replies: “Arguing that education is the thing is … Gosh… That’s so 1990s… even then it wasn’t really true.”

For CEOs and futurists who say that disruption is the answer to practically everything, arguing that the answer lies in education and skills is actually the least disruptive response to the problems we face. Krugman argues that education emerges as the popular answer because “It’s not intrusive. It doesn’t require that we have higher taxes. It doesn’t require that CEOs have to deal with unions again.” Sachs adds, “Obviously, it’s the easy answer for that group [the 0.1%].”

The kind of complex thinking we deserve about education won’t come in factoids or bullet-point lists of skills of the future. In fact, that kind of complex thinking is already out there, waiting."

…

"Stay tuned for the tangled history of the claim if you're into that sort of thing..."]]></description>
<dc:subject>benjamindoxtdator 2017 inequality education credentialing productivity economics society statistics audreywatters billclinton democrats neoliberalism latecapitalism capitalism johndewey andreasschleicher kerifacer lindadarling-hammond worldeconomicforum oecd labor work futurism future scottmcleod karlfisch richardriley ianjukes freetrade competition andrewold michaelberman thomasfriedman devereuxjosephs anationatrisk sputnik coldwar okheelee michaelsalwen ussr sovietunion fear india china russia johnmaynardkeynes leisure robots robotics rodneybrooks doughenwood jobs cwrightmills henrygiroux paulkrugman gilliantett jeffreysachs policy politics globalization technology schools curriculum teddintersmith tonywagner mostlikelytosuccess success pedagogy cathydavidson jimcarroll edtech keynes latestagecapitalism credentials</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/tag/history-of-qs/?order=ASC">
    <title>Cyborgology: What is The History of The Quantified Self a History of?</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-30T01:17:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/tag/history-of-qs/?order=ASC</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[from Part 1: https://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2017/04/13/what-is-the-history-of-the-quantified-self-a-history-of-part-1/]

"In the past few months, I’ve posted about two works of long-form scholarship on the Quantified Self: Debora Lupton’s The Quantified Self and Gina Neff and Dawn Nufus’s Self-Tracking. Neff recently edited a volume of essays on QS (Quantified: Biosensing Technologies in Everyday Life, MIT 2016), but I’d like to take a not-so-brief break from reviewing books to address an issue that has been on my mind recently. Most texts that I read about the Quantified Self (be they traditional scholarship or more informal) refer to a meeting in 2007 at the house of Kevin Kelly for the official start to the QS movement. And while, yes, the name “Quantified Self” was coined by Kelly and his colleague Gary Wolf (the former founded Wired, the latter was an editor for the magazine), the practice of self-tracking obviously goes back much further than 10 years. Still, most historical references to the practice often point to Sanctorius of Padua, who, per an oft-cited study by consultant Melanie Swan, “studied energy expenditure in living systems by tracking his weight versus food intake and elimination for 30 years in the 16th century.” Neff and Nufus cite Benjamin Franklin’s practice of keeping a daily record of his time use. These anecdotal histories, however, don’t give us much in terms of understanding what a history of the Quantified Self is actually a history of.

Briefly, what I would like to prove over the course of a few posts is that at the heart of QS are statistics, anthropometrics, and psychometrics. I recognize that it’s not terribly controversial to suggest that these three technologies (I hesitate to call them “fields” here because of how widely they can be applied), all developed over the course of the nineteenth century, are critical to the way that QS works. Good thing, then, that there is a second half to my argument: as I touched upon briefly in my [shameless plug alert] Theorizing the Web talk last week, these three technologies were also critical to the proliferation of eugenics, that pseudoscientific attempt at strengthening the whole of the human race by breeding out or killing off those deemed deficient.

I don’t think it’s very hard to see an analogous relationship between QS and eugenics: both movements are predicated on anthropometrics and psychometrics, comparisons against norms, and the categorization and classification of human bodies as a result of the use of statistical technologies. But an analogy only gets us so far in seeking to build a history. I don’t think we can just jump from Francis Galton’s ramblings at the turn of one century to Kevin Kelly’s at the turn of the next. So what I’m going to attempt here is a sort of Foucauldian genealogy—from what was left of eugenics after its [rightful, though perhaps not as complete as one would hope] marginalization in the 1940s through to QS and the multi-billion dollar industry the movement has inspired.

I hope you’ll stick around for the full ride—it’s going to take a a number of weeks. For now, let’s start with a brief introduction to that bastion of Western exceptionalism: the eugenics movement."

[from Part 2: https://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2017/04/20/what-is-the-history-of-the-quantified-self-a-history-of-part-2/

"Here we begin to see an awkward situation in our quest to draw a line from Galton and hard-line eugenics (we will differentiate between hardline and “reform” eugenics further on) to the quantified self movement. Behaviorism sits diametrically opposed to eugenics for a number of reasons. Firstly, it does not distinguish between human and animal beings—certainly a tenet to which Galton and his like would object, understanding that humans are the superior species and a hierarchy of greatness existing within that species as well. Secondly, behaviorism accepts that outside, environmental influences will change the psychology of a subject. In 1971, Skinner argued that “An experimental analysis shifts the determination of behavior from autonomous man to the environment—an environment responsible both for the evolution of the species and for the repertoire acquired by each member” (214).  This stands in direct conflict with the eugenical ideal that physical and psychological makeup is determined by heredity. Indeed, the eugenicist Robert Yerkes, otherwise close with Watson, wholly rejected the behaviorist’s views (Hergenhahn 400). Tracing the quantified-self’s behaviorist and self-experimental roots, then, leaves us without a very strong connection to the ideologies driving eugenics. Still, using Pearson as a hint, there may be a better path to follow."]

[from Part 3: https://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2017/04/27/what-is-the-history-of-the-quantified-self-a-history-of-part-3/

"The history of Galton and eugenics, then, can be traced into the history of personality tests. Once again, we come up against an awkward transition—this time from personality tests into the Quantified Self. Certainly, shades of Galtonian psychometrics show themselves to be present in QS technologies—that is, the treatment of statistical datasets for the purpose of correlation and prediction. Galton’s word association tests strongly influenced the MBTI, a test that, much like Quantified Self projects, seeks to help a subject make the right decisions in their life, though not through traditional Galtonian statistical tools. The MMPI and 16PFQ are for psychological evaluative purposes. And while some work has been done to suggest that “mental wellness” can be improved through self-tracking (see Kelley et al., Wolf 2009), much of the self-tracking ethos is based on factors that can be adjusted in order to see a correlative change in the subject (Wolf 2009). That is, by tracking my happiness on a daily basis against the amount of coffee I drink or the places I go, then I am acknowledging an environmental approach and declaring that my current psychological state is not set by my genealogy. A gap, then, between Galtonian personality tests and QS."]

[from Part 4 (Finale): https://thesocietypages.org/cyborgology/2017/05/08/what-is-the-history-of-the-quantified-self-a-history-of-the-finale/

"What is the history of the quantified self a history of? One could point to technological advances in circuitry miniaturization or in big data collection and processing. The proprietary and patented nature of the majority of QS devices precludes certain types of inquiry into their invention and proliferation. But it is not difficult to identify one of QS’s most critical underlying tenets: self-tracking for the purpose of self-improvement through the identification of behavioral and environmental variables critical to one’s physical and psychological makeup. Recognizing the importance of this premise to QS allows us to trace back through the scientific fields which have strongly influenced the QS movement—from both a consumer and product standpoint. Doing so, however, reveals a seeming incommensurability between an otherwise analogous pair: QS and eugenics. A eugenical emphasis on heredity sits in direct conflict to a self-tracker’s belief that a focus on environmental factors could change one’s life for the better—even while both are predicated on statistical analysis, both purport to improve the human stock, and both, as argued by Dale Carrico, make assertions towards what is a “normal” human.

A more complicated relationship between the two is revealed upon attempting this genealogical connection. What I have outlined over the past few weeks is, I hope, only the beginning of such a project. I chose not to produce a rhetorical analysis of the visual and textual language of efficiency in both movements—from that utilized by the likes of Frederick Taylor and his eugenicist protégés, the Gilbreths, to what Christina Cogdell calls “Biological Efficiency and Streamline Design” in her work, Eugenic Design, and into a deep trove of rhetoric around efficiency utilized by market-available QS device marketers. Nor did I aim to produce an exhaustive bibliographic lineage. I did, however, seek to use the strong sense of self-experimentation in QS to work backwards towards the presence of behaviorism in early-twentieth century eugenical rhetoric. Then, moving in the opposite direction, I tracked the proliferation of Galtonian psychometrics into mid-century personality test development and eventually into the risk-management goals of the neoliberal surveillance state. I hope that what I have argued will lead to a more in-depth investigation into each step along this homological relationship. In the grander scheme, I see this project as part of a critical interrogation into the Quantified Self. By throwing into sharp relief the linkages between eugenics and QS, I seek to encourage resistance to fetishizing the latter’s technologies and their output, as well as the potential for meaningful change via those technologies."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/24/opinion/sunday/the-common-core-costs-billions-and-hurts-students.html">
    <title>The Common Core Costs Billions and Hurts Students - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-29T23:36:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/24/opinion/sunday/the-common-core-costs-billions-and-hurts-students.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["FOR 15 years, since the passage of George W. Bush’s No Child Left Behind act, education reformers have promoted standardized testing, school choice, competition and accountability (meaning punishment of teachers and schools) as the primary means of improving education. For many years, I agreed with them. I was an assistant secretary of education in George H. W. Bush’s administration and a member of three conservative think tanks.

But as I watched the harmful effects of No Child Left Behind, I began to have doubts. The law required that all schools reach 100 percent proficiency as measured by state tests or face harsh punishments. This was an impossible goal. Standardized tests became the be-all and end-all of education, and states spent billions on them. Social scientists have long known that the best predictor of test scores is family income. Yet policy makers encouraged the firing of thousands of teachers and the closing of thousands of low-scoring public schools, mostly in poor black and Hispanic neighborhoods.

As the damage escalated, I renounced my support for high-stakes testing and charter schools. Nonetheless, I clung to the hope that we might agree on national standards and a national curriculum. Surely, I thought, they would promote equity since all children would study the same things and take the same tests. But now I realize that I was wrong about that, too.

Six years after the release of our first national standards, the Common Core, and the new federal tests that accompanied them, it seems clear that the pursuit of a national curriculum is yet another excuse to avoid making serious efforts to reduce the main causes of low student achievement: poverty and racial segregation.

The people who wrote the Common Core standards sold them as a way to improve achievement and reduce the gaps between rich and poor, and black and white. But the promises haven’t come true. Even in states with strong common standards and tests, racial achievement gaps persist. Last year, average math scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress declined for the first time since 1990; reading scores were flat or decreased compared with a decade earlier.

The development of the Common Core was funded almost entirely by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. It was a rush job, and the final product ignored the needs of children with disabilities, English-language learners and those in the early grades. It’s no surprise that there has been widespread pushback.

In 2009 President Obama announced Race to the Top, a competition for $4.35 billion in federal grant money. To qualify, states had to adopt “college and career ready standards,” a requirement that was used to pressure them into adopting national standards. Almost every state applied, even before the specifics of the Common Core were released in June 2010.

The federal government, states and school districts have spent billions of dollars to phase in the standards, to prepare students to take the tests and to buy the technology needed to administer them online. There is nothing to show for it. The Race to the Top demoralized teachers, caused teacher shortages and led to the defunding of the arts and other subjects that were not tested. Those billions would have been better spent to reduce class sizes, especially in struggling schools, to restore arts and physical education classes, to rebuild physically crumbling schools, and to provide universal early childhood education.

Children starting in the third grade may spend more than 10 hours a year taking state tests — and weeks preparing for them. Studies show that students perform better on written tests than on online tests, yet most schools across the nation are assessing their students online, at enormous costs, because that is how the Common Core tests are usually delivered. Computer glitches are common. Sometimes the server gets overloaded and breaks down. Entire states, like Alaska, have canceled tests because of technical problems. More than 30 states have reported computer testing problems since 2013, according to FairTest, a testing watchdog.

Standardized tests are best at measuring family income. Well-off students usually score in the top half of results; students from poor homes usually score in the bottom. The quest to “close achievement gaps” is vain indeed when the measure of achievement is a test based on a statistical norm. If we awarded driver’s licenses based on standardized tests, half the adults in this country might never receive one. The failure rates on the Common Core tests are staggeringly high for black and Hispanic children, students with disabilities and English-language learners. Making the tests harder predictably depresses test scores, creating a sense of failure and hopelessness among young children.

If we really cared about improving the education of all students, we would give teachers the autonomy to tailor instruction to meet the needs of the children in front of them and to write their own tests. We would insist that students in every school had an equal opportunity to learn in well-maintained schools, in classes of reasonable size taught by expert teachers. Anyone who wants to know how students in one state compare with students in other states can get that information from the N.A.E.P., the existing federal test.

What is called “the achievement gap” is actually an “opportunity gap.” What we need are schools where all children have the same chance to learn. That doesn’t require national standards or national tests, which improve neither teaching nor learning, and do nothing to help poor children at racially segregated schools. We need to focus on that, not on promoting failed ideas."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/16/why-young-americans-are-giving-up-on-capitalism/">
    <title>Why Young Americans Are Giving Up on Capitalism | Foreign Policy</title>
    <dc:date>2016-06-28T17:20:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/16/why-young-americans-are-giving-up-on-capitalism/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Imagine that you’re twenty years old. You were born in 1996. You were five years old on 9/11. For as long as you can remember, the United States has been at war.

When you are twelve, in 2008, the global economy collapses. After years of bluster and bravado from President George W. Bush — who encouraged consumerism as a response to terror — it seems your country was weaker than you thought. In America, the bottom falls out fast.In America, the bottom falls out fast. The adults who take care of you struggle to take care of themselves. Perhaps your parent loses a job. Perhaps your family loses its home.

In 2009, politicians claim the recession is over, but your hardship is not. Wages are stagnant or falling. The costs of health care, child care, and tuition continue to rise exponentially. Full-time jobs turn into contract positions while benefits are slashed. Middle-class jobs are replaced with low-paying service work. The expectations of American life your parents had when you were born — that a “long boom” will bring about unparalleled prosperity — crumble away.

Baby boomers tell you there is a way out: a college education has always been the key to a good job. But that doesn’t seem to happen anymore. The college graduates you know are drowning in student debt, working for minimum wage, or toiling in unpaid internships. Prestigious jobs are increasingly clustered in cities where rent has tripled or quadrupled in a decade’s time. You cannot afford to move, and you cannot afford to stay. Outside these cities, newly abandoned malls join long abandoned factories. You inhabit a landscape of ruin. There is nothing left for you.

Every now and then, people revolt. When you are fifteen, Occupy Wall Street captivates the nation’s attention, drawing attention to corporate greed and lost opportunity. Within a year, the movement fades, and its members do things like set up “boutique activist consultancies.” When you are seventeen, the Fight for 15 workers movement manages to make higher minimum wage a mainstream proposition, but the solutions politicians pose are incremental. No one seems to grasp the urgency of the crisis. Even President Barack Obama, a liberal Democrat — the type of politician who’s supposed to understand poverty — declares that the economy has recovered."

…

"Does this mean that the youth of America are getting ready to hand over private property to the state and round up the kulaks? No. As many of those who reported on the Harvard survey noted, the terms “socialism” and “capitalism” were never defined. After meeting with survey takers, John Della Volpe, the director of the Harvard poll, told the Washington Post that respondents did not reject capitalism inherently as a concept. “The way in which capitalism is practiced today, in the minds of young people — that’s what they’re rejecting,” he said.

Capitalism, in other words, holds less appeal in an era when the invisible hand feels like a death grip. Americans under 20 have had little to no adult experience in a pre-Great Recession economy. Things older generations took for granted — promotions, wages that grow over time, a 40-hour work week, unions, benefits, pensions, mutual loyalty between employers and employees — are increasingly rare.

As a consequence, these basic tenets of American work life, won by labor movements in the early half of the twentieth century, are now deemed “radical.” In this context, Bernie Sanders, whose policies echo those of New Deal Democrats, can be deemed a “socialist” leading a “revolution”. His platform seems revolutionary only because American work life has become so corrupt, and the pursuit of basic stability so insurmountable, that modest ambitions — a salary that covers your bills, the ability to own a home or go to college without enormous debt — are now fantasies or luxuries.

Policies like a $15 per hour minimum wage — brought to mainstream attention not by Sanders, but by striking fast food workers years before — are not radical, but a pragmatic corrective to decades of wage depreciation. The minimum wage, which peaked in 1968, would have reached $21.72 in 2012 had it kept pace with productivity growth. Expectations of American life are formed on the premise that self-sufficiency is possible, but nearly half of Americans do not have $400 to their name. The gap between the rhetoric of “economic recovery” and “low unemployment” and the reality of how most Americans live is what makes Sanders seem unconventional: he describes widespread economic hardship many leaders rationalize or deny. Voters are not only rejecting the status quo, but how the status quo is depicted by media and politicians — the illusion that the economy is strong, and that suffering is the exception, not the rule.

We live in an era where heated rhetorical battles are fought over terms that have lost clear meaning. In an attempt to placate an angry populace, all three major candidates — Sanders, Donald Trump, and Hillary Clinton — have at various times positioned themselves as “anti-establishment”: a dubious description of two career politicians and a billionaire tycoon. “Neoliberal” has gone from a term that describes an advocate of specific economic and political policies to an insult hurled indiscriminately on social media. Thanks to Trump, the word “fascist” has reentered the American political vocabulary, with some playing down Trump’s brutal and unlawful policies on the grounds that they do not precisely emulate foreign fascist leaders of the past. Meanwhile, Trump castigates Clinton for not using the term “radical Islam.” This sparring over labels illustrates the depths of our ideological confusion.

It is in this rhetorical morass that the debate over whether young Americans support “socialism” or “capitalism” takes place. Omitted from most coverage of the Harvard poll was the fact that youth were asked not only about socialism and capitalism but four other categories. “Which of the following, if any, do you support?” the questionnaire inquired, giving the options of socialism, capitalism, progressivism, patriotism, feminism, and social justice activism. None of the terms were defined. Respondents could choose more than one. “Socialism,” at 33 percent, actually received the lowest support. “Patriotism” received the highest support, at 57 percent, while the three remaining categories were each supported by roughly half the respondents.

What do these category-based questions really tell us, then, about the allegiance of youth to ideologies? Nothing. The real answers are found in questions about policies. When asked whether they support the idea that “Basic necessities, such as food and shelter, are a right that the government should provide to those unable to afford them,” 47 percent of all respondents said “yes.” Does this indicate support for socialism? Not necessarily. It indicates that respondents grew up in an America where a large number of their countrymen have struggled to afford food and shelter — and they want the suffering to stop.

You do not need a survey to ascertain the plight of American youth. You can look at their bank accounts, at the jobs they have, at the jobs their parents have lost, at the debt they hold, at the opportunities they covet but are denied. You do not need jargon or ideology to form a case against the status quo. The clearest indictment of the status quo is the status quo itself."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://davidstockmanscontracorner.com/what-does-it-take-to-be-upper-middle-class/">
    <title>Upper Middle Class, Lower Class And The Great Squeeze In The Middle | David Stockman's Contra Corner</title>
    <dc:date>2016-06-24T18:54:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://davidstockmanscontracorner.com/what-does-it-take-to-be-upper-middle-class/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["What does it take to be upper middle class? According to one analyst, the answer is: at least $100,000 a year for a family of three. The Growing Size and Incomes of the Upper Middle Class (Urban Institute).

The paper claims the upper middle class has grown from 12.9% of the population in 1979 to 29.4% in 2014–in essence, the shrinkage of the “middle class” is not just from households dropping down the ladder but millions of households climbing up to the upper middle class.

Not Just the 1%: The Upper Middle Class Is Larger and Richer Than Ever (WSJ.com)

While the evidence broadly supports this secular shift–the concentration of income and wealth in the top 20% increases while the wealth and income of the bottom 80% stagnates–I think the claim that 30% of all U.S. households are upper middle class grossly overstates the reality, which is it’s become increasingly costly to even qualify as middle class, never mind upper middle class.

I’ve explored these topics in depth over the past few years:

How Many Slots Are Open in the Upper Middle Class? Not As Many As You Might Think (March 30, 2015) http://www.oftwominds.com/blogmar15/few-slots3-15.html

What Does It Take To Be Middle Class? (December 5, 2013) http://www.oftwominds.com/blogdec13/middle-class12-13.html

If we measure financial characteristics of middle class status rather than income, we find $100,000 is borderline middle class, not upper middle class.The above essay lists the baseline of 10 minimum metrics of middle class status. In high-cost regions, $100,000 barely qualifies a household as middle class; to be upper middle class, households must earn closer to $200,000.

A household income of $190,000 is in the top 5% nationally. According to the Social Security Administration data for 2013 (the latest data available), individuals who earn $125,000 or more are in the top 5% of all earners. Two such workers would earn $250,000 together. The 2.8 million households with incomes of $250,000 or more are in the top 2.5%.

I think it is reasonable to define the 12% of households earning between $125,000 (top 15%) and $350,000 (the cut-off for the top 1%) as upper middle class. This is around 14.5 million households, out of a total of 121 million households.

This is a far cry from 30% of all households qualifying as upper middle class.What we’re seeing is the inflation of “middle class” to “upper middle class,” just as a B grade is now an A, and jobs that don’t require a university degree now nominally require a bachelors degree or higher.

The increasingly desperate effort to reach the upper middle class is evidenced by a slew of books and articles on what it takes to succeed in an increasingly winners-take-all economy, and on the anxieties of those trying to “make it”: note that most of the articles are published in magazines/media outlets that appeal to the very upper middle class that’s anxious about maintaining their tenuous hold on prosperity:

How to Save Like the Rich and the Upper Middle Class (Hint: It’s Not With Your House) (WSJ.com)

The Hidden Cost for Stay-At-Home American Parents (Bloomberg)

The War on Stupid People: American society increasingly mistakes intelligence for human worth (The Atlantic)

The Limits of “Grit” (New Yorker)

The Talent Code: Greatness Isn’t Born. It’s Grown. Here’s How. (via Ron G.)

The Geography of Genius: A Search for the World’s Most Creative Places from Ancient Athens to Silicon Valley (via Ron G.)

Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance (book)

I’ve laid out my own bootstrap blueprint in Get a Job, Build a Real Career and Defy a Bewildering Economy (hint: don’t cling to credentials and privilege as your strategy–acquire skills and entrepreneurial income streams).

What’s left unsaid in all these articles is much of the upper middle class is prospering due to privileged positions that are increasingly at risk of disruption–a topic I discussed in If You Want More Jobs and More Job Stability, Disrupt More, Not Less (June 21, 2016) and How Many Law Schools Need to Close? Plenty (June 20, 2016).

And just a reminder: of the supposed 30% of households who are upper middle class, only the top 10% have significant wealth-building assets: that tells us in no uncertain terms that two-thirds of the supposedly upper middle class 30% are only middle class."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.slate.com/articles/life/education/2016/03/algebra_ii_has_to_go.single.html">
    <title>Algebra II has to go.</title>
    <dc:date>2016-03-14T00:00:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.slate.com/articles/life/education/2016/03/algebra_ii_has_to_go.single.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["It drives dropout rates and is mostly useless in real life. Andrew Hacker has a plan for getting rid of it."

…

"So Hacker’s book is deeply comforting. I’m not alone, it tells me—lots of smart people hate math. The reason I hated math, was mediocre at it, and still managed to earn a bachelor’s degree was because I had upper-middle-class parents who paid for tutoring and eventually enrolled me in a college that doesn’t require math credits in order to graduate. For low-income students, math is often an impenetrable barrier to academic success. Algebra II, which includes polynomials and logarithms, and is required by the new Common Core curriculum standards used by 47 states and territories, drives dropouts at both the high school and college levels. The situation is most dire at public colleges, which are the most likely to require abstract algebra as a precondition for a degree in every field, including art and theater.

“We are really destroying a tremendous amount of talent—people who could be talented in sports writing or being an emergency medical technician, but can’t even get a community college degree,” Hacker told me in an interview. “I regard this math requirement as highly irrational.”

Unlike most professors who publicly opine about the education system, Hacker, though an eminent scholar, teaches at a low-prestige institution, Queens College, part of the City University of New York system. Most CUNY students come from low-income families, and a 2009 faculty report found that 57 percent fail the system’s required algebra course. A subsequent study showed that when students were allowed to take a statistics class instead, only 44 percent failed.

Such findings inspired Hacker, in 2013, to create a curriculum to test the ideas he presents in The Math Myth. For two years, he taught what is essentially a course in civic numeracy. Hacker asked students to investigate the gerrymandering of Pennsylvania congressional districts by calculating the number of actual votes Democrats and Republicans received in 2012. The students discovered that it took an average of 181,474 votes to win a Republican seat, but 271,970 votes to win a Democratic seat. In another lesson, Hacker distributed two Schedule C forms, which businesses use to declare their tax-deductible expenses, and asked students to figure out which form was fabricated. Then he introduced Benford’s Law, which holds that in any set of real-world numbers, ones, twos, and threes are more frequent initial digits than fours, fives, sixes, sevens, eights, and nines. By applying this rule, the students could identify the fake Schedule C. (The IRS uses the same technique.)

In his 19-person numeracy seminar, the lowest grade was a C, Hacker says. But he says that the math establishment—a group he calls “the Mandarins” in his book—doesn’t take kindly to a political scientist challenging disciplinary dogma, even at Queens College. The school has reclassified his class as a “special studies” course.

Hacker’s previous book, Higher Education? How Universities Are Wasting Our Money and Failing Our Kids, took a dim view of the tenured professoriate, and he extends that perspective in The Math Myth. Math professors, consumed by their esoteric, super-specialized research, simply don’t care very much about the typical undergraduate, Hacker contends. At universities with graduate programs, tenure-track faculty members teach only 10 percent of introductory math classes. At undergraduate colleges, tenure-track professors handle 42 percent of introductory classes. Graduate students and adjuncts shoulder the vast majority of the load, and they aren’t inspiring many students to continue their math education. In 2013, only 1 percent of all bachelor’s degrees awarded were in math.

“In a way, math departments throughout the country don’t worry,” Hacker says. “They have big budgets because their classes are required, so they keep on going.”

Hacker attacks not only algebra but the entire push for more rigorous STEM education—science, technology, engineering, and math—in K-12 schools, including the demand for high school classes in computer programming. He is skeptical of one of the foundational tenets of the standards-and-accountability education reform movement, that there is a quantitative “skills gap” between Americans and the 21st-century job market. He notes that between 2010 and 2012, 38 percent of computer science and math majors were unable to find a job in their field. During that same period, corporations like Microsoft were pushing for more H-1B visas for Indian programmers and more coding classes. Why? Hacker hypothesizes that tech companies want an over-supply of entry-level coders in order to drive wages down.

After Hacker previewed the ideas in The Math Myth in a 2012 New York Times op-ed, the Internet lit up with responses accusing him of anti-intellectualism. At book length, it’s harder to dismiss his ideas. He has a deep respect for what he calls the “truth and beauty” of math; his discussion of the discovery and immutability of pi taught me more about the meaning of 3.14 than any class I’ve ever taken. He’s careful to address almost every counterargument a math traditionalist could throw at him. For example, he writes that students will probably learn little about concepts of proof that are relevant to their lives, such as legal proof, by studying abstract math proofs; they’d be better served by spending time studying how juries consider reasonable doubt. More controversially, he points out that many of the nations with excellent math performance, such as China, Russia, and North Korea, are repressive. “So what can we conclude about mathematics, when its brand of brilliance can thrive amid onerous oppression?” he writes. “One response may be that the subject, by its very nature, is so aloof from political and social reality that its discoveries give rulers no causes for concern. If mathematics had the power to move minds toward controversial terrain, it would be viewed as a threat by wary states.”

I found Hacker overall to be pretty convincing. But after finishing The Math Myth, I kept thinking back to how my husband talked about derivatives, how he helped me connect the abstract to the concrete. As a longtime education reporter, I know that American teachers, especially those in the elementary grades, have taken few math courses themselves, and often actively dislike the subject. Maybe I would have found abstract math more enjoyable if my teachers had been able to explain it better, perhaps by connecting it somehow to the real world. And if that happened in every school, maybe lots more American kids, even low-income ones, would be able to make the leap from arithmetic to the conceptual mathematics of algebra II and beyond.

I called Daniel Willingham, a cognitive psychologist at the University of Virginia who studies how students learn. He is worried about any call to make math—or any other subject—less abstract. I told him that even though I once passed a calculus class, my husband had to explain to me what a derivative was, as opposed to how to find it using an equation; Willingham replied, “This is very common. There are three legs on which math rests: math fact, math algorithm, and conceptual understanding. American kids are OK on facts, OK on algorithm, and near zero on conceptual understanding. It goes back to preschool. And this is what countries like Singapore do so well. They start with the conceptual business very, very early.” Willingham believes substituting statistics for algebra II might not solve the problem of high school math as a stumbling block. After all, basic statistical concepts—such as effect size or causality—also require conceptual understanding.

Of course, if math teachers are to help students understand how abstract concepts function in the real world, they will have to understand those abstractions themselves. So it’s not reassuring that American teachers are a product of the same sub-par math education system they work in, or that we hire 100,000 to 200,000 new teachers each year at a time when less than 20,000 people are majoring in math annually.

Could better teachers help more students pass algebra II? Given high student debt, low teacher pay, and the historically low status of the American teaching profession, it would be a tough road. In the meantime, it’s probably a good idea to give students multiple math pathways toward high school and college graduation—some less challenging than others. If we don’t, we’ll be punishing kids for the failures of an entire system. "]]></description>
<dc:subject>danagoldstein math mathematics education teaching algebra algebraii andrewhacker statistics danielwillingham stem</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/406/transcript">
    <title>Transcript | This American Life: 406: True Urban Legends</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-27T02:23:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/406/transcript</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Act One. What's That Smell?

Ira Glass
What's that smell? The way Steve Poizner sees it, he did something admirable, something daring, something unusual. And when I read his account of what he did, he seemed sincere about it too. He's a bit of a corny writer. Though even that, you can kind of forgive him. He's not a professional author.

At the age of 45, after starting one Silicon Valley company that he sold for $30 million and a second one that sold for $1 billion, Poizner didn't need to work anymore. He says, he wanted to do some good for people. And so he called a dozen public high schools and volunteered to be a guest teacher of some sort. One called him back, a high school called Mount Pleasant. And Poizner got into his car, drove the 15 miles from his neighborhood in Los Gatos in Silicon Valley to East San Jose."

…

"I heard about Steve Poizner and the controversy over whether his book got things wrong when a publicist for the book contacted our radio program. She wrote an email describing the incident at the bookstore this way, "Liberal activist took offense at how he describes the school, accurately, as plagued by gangs, teen pregnancy, and disrepair. They are trying to shut him up and discredit his argument about charter schools." Poizner makes a case for charter schools late in the book. "This is a classic case of liberals refusing to listen to simple facts and rational solutions."

So I read the excerpt of his book online. There's a full chapter, and Poizner links to it from his campaign website. You can read it yourself. And it raised more questions than it answered. It's a very odd chapter, all about Poizner's first days teaching a class at Mount Pleasant. There's scene after scene where he's floundering, standing in front of the class asking big, abstract questions. "Would you want to live in a country where the leader didn't want to lead, if the money issued by the government wasn't any good, or people were treated unfairly?" None of the students respond.

He's a rookie teacher. He doesn't know how to engage them yet. Nothing unusual there. But here's the strange thing. The conclusion Poizner comes to, again and again, during these scenes isn't that he's doing anything wrong, or he has anything to learn as a teacher. Instead, he blames the kids. They're tough. They're unmotivated. They lack ambition. They're wired differently.

The students, meanwhile, in every scene in the book-- I've read the whole book-- seem utterly lovely. Polite, they don't interrupt, they don't talk back. They just seem a little bored. His very worst student is a graduating senior, who's hoping to go into the Marines. Checking school records, I learn that Poizner's unmotivated, unambitious class included one of the school valedictorians, Charles Rudy, who graduated and went to college.

Could he be getting this so completely wrong, I wondered? Could he have written an entire book misperceiving so thoroughly what was happening in front of his own eyes and was now trying to use that book to run for governor? It seemed too incredible. And that's what brought me to San Jose last week to visit the school and its neighborhood."

[PLUS]

"Foreigners arrive in the United States believing all kinds of misinformation about us...misinformation that turns out to be true. Mary Wiltenburg tells the story."

[audio here: http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/406/true-urban-legends

"Act Two. Fleeing is Believing.

A retired millionaire tries to understand the reality of a tough, seedy, inner city neighborhood. But what if the neighborhood is none of those things? Ira Glass evaluates the claims of this millionaire, Steve Poizner, who is also running for governor of California."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>stevepoizner 2010 sanjose losgatos california education schools perception class poltics urbanlegends via:robertsears data statistics mountpleasanthighschool eastsanjose condescencion refugees immigration culture society thisamericanlife</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/02/the-invention-of-the-normal-person/463365/">
    <title>How the Idea of a 'Normal' Person Got Invented - The Atlantic</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-22T07:58:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/02/the-invention-of-the-normal-person/463365/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The notion that there is a “normal” height or a “normal” salary is a relatively new one, and it's had a profound effect on how people think about each other and themselves."
;

"In the early 1840s, Quetelet analyzed a data set published in an Edinburgh medical journal that listed the chest circumference, in inches, of 5,738 Scottish soldiers. This was one of the most important, if uncelebrated, studies of human beings in the annals of science. Quetelet added together each of the measurements, then divided the sum by the total number of soldiers. The result came out to just over 39 ¾ inches—the average chest circumference of a Scottish soldier. This number represented one of the very first times a scientist had calculated the average of any human feature. But it was not Quetelet’s arithmetic that was history-making—it was his answer to a rather simple-seeming question: What, precisely, did this average actually mean?

It seems like the answer would be obvious, but it’s not actually clear what the significance of average size is. Is it a rough guide to the size of normal human beings? An estimate of the size of a randomly selected person? Or is there some kind of deeper fundamental meaning behind the number? Quetelet’s own interpretation—the first scientific interpretation of a human average—was, not surprisingly, conceived out of concepts from astronomical observation.

Astronomers believed that every individual measurement of a celestial object (such as one scientist’s measurement of the speed of Saturn) always contained some amount of error, yet the amount of aggregate error across a group of individual measurements (such as many different scientists’ measurements of the speed of Saturn, or many different measurements by a single scientist) could be minimized by using the average measurement. In fact, a celebrated proof by the mathematician Carl Gauss appeared to demonstrate that an average measurement was as close to a measurement’s true value (such as the true speed of Saturn) as one could ever hope to get. Quetelet applied the same thinking to his interpretation of human averages: He declared that the individual person was synonymous with error, while the average person represented the true human being.

After Quetelet calculated the average chest circumference of Scottish soldiers, he concluded that each individual soldier’s chest size represented an instance of naturally occurring “error,” whereas the average chest size represented the size of the “true” soldier—a perfectly formed soldier free from any physical blemishes or disruptions, as nature intended a soldier to be.

Quetelet followed the same line of reasoning with regard to humanity as a whole, claiming that every one of us is a flawed copy of some kind of cosmic template for human beings. Quetelet dubbed this template the “Average Man.” Today, of course, someone described as “average” is implied to be inferior or lacking. But for Quetelet, the Average Man was perfection itself, an ideal that Nature aspired to, free from error. He declared that the greatest men in history were closest to the Average Man of their place and time.

Eager to unmask the secret face of the Average Man, Quetelet began to compute the average of every human attribute he could get data on. He calculated average stature, average weight, and average complexion. He calculated the average age couples got married and the average age people died. He calculated average annual births, average number of people in poverty, average annual incidents of crime, average types of crimes, the average amount of education, and even average annual suicide rates. He invented the Quetelet Index—today known as the body mass index, or BMI—and calculated men’s and women’s average BMIs to identify average health. Each of these average values, claimed Quetelet, represented the hidden qualities of the Average Man.

As much as Quetelet admired the Average Man, he held an equal amount of antipathy toward those unfortunate individuals who deviated from the average. “Everything differing from the Average Man’s proportions and condition, would constitute deformity and disease,” Quetelet asserted. “Everything found dissimilar, not only as regarded proportion or form, but as exceeding the observed limits, would constitute a Monstrosity.” He also pronounced, “If an individual at any given epoch of society possessed all the qualities of the Average Man he would represent all that is great, good, or beautiful.”

Though today an average person isn’t thought to embody perfection, it is presumed that an average person is a prototypical representative of a group—a type. There is a powerful tendency in the human mind to imagine that all members of a group—such as “lawyers,” “the homeless,” or “Mexicans”—act according to a set of shared characteristics, and Quetelet’s research endowed this impulse with a scientific justification that quickly became a cornerstone of the social sciences. Ever since Quetelet introduced the idea of the Average Man, scientists have delineated the characteristics of a seemingly endless number of types, such as “Type-A personalities,” “neurotic types,” “micro-managers,” and “leader types,” arguing that useful predictions could be made about any given individual member of a group simply by knowing the traits of the average member—the group’s type.

Since Quetelet’s concept of the Average Man seemed to impose welcome order on the accelerating jumble of human statistics while simultaneously validating people’s natural urge to stereotype others, it’s little wonder his ideas spread as they did."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>normal averages average roddrose 2016 statistics adolpgeqetelet data</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/you-cant-trust-what-you-read-about-nutrition/">
    <title>You Can’t Trust What You Read About Nutrition | FiveThirtyEight</title>
    <dc:date>2016-01-08T05:47:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/you-cant-trust-what-you-read-about-nutrition/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Our foray into nutrition science demonstrated that studies examining how foods influence health are inherently fraught. To show you why, we’re going to take you behind the scenes to see how these studies are done. The first thing you need to know is that nutrition researchers are studying an incredibly difficult problem, because, short of locking people in a room and carefully measuring out all their meals, it’s hard to know exactly what people eat. So nearly all nutrition studies rely on measures of food consumption that require people to remember and report what they ate. The most common of these are food diaries, recall surveys and the food frequency questionnaire, or FFQ.

Several versions of the FFQ exist, but they all use a similar technique: Ask people how often they eat particular foods and what serving size they usually consume. But it’s not always easy to remember everything you ate, even what you ate yesterday. People are prone to underreport what they consume, and they may not fess up to eating certain foods or may miscalculate their serving sizes.

“The bottom line here is that doing dietary assessment is difficult,” said Torin Block, CEO of NutritionQuest, a company that conducts FFQs and was founded by his mother, Gladys Block, a pioneer in the field who began developing food frequency questionnaires at the National Cancer Institute. “You can’t get away from it — there’s error involved.” Still, there’s a pecking order in terms of completeness, he said. Food diaries rank high and so do 24-hour food recalls, in which an administrator sits the subject down for a guided interview to catalog everything eaten in the past 24 hours. But, Block said, “you really need to do multiple administrations to get an assessment of someone’s usual long-term dietary intake.” For study purposes, researchers are not usually interested just in what people ate yesterday or the day before, but in what they eat regularly. Studies that use 24-hour recalls tend to under- or overestimate nutrients people don’t eat every day, since they record only a small and perhaps unrepresentative snapshot."]]></description>
<dc:subject>nutrition food health statistics 2016 christineaschwanden diet correlation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-06-05/tech-immigrants-a-map-of-silicon-valleys-imported-talent">
    <title>Tech Immigrants: A Map of Silicon Valley's Imported Talent - Businessweek</title>
    <dc:date>2015-09-09T05:54:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-06-05/tech-immigrants-a-map-of-silicon-valleys-imported-talent</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>language languages migration immigration siliconvalley statistics 2015</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.prooffreader.com/2014/05/graphing-distribution-of-english.html">
    <title>Graphing the distribution of English letters towards the beginning, middle or end of words | prooffreader.com</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-05T00:39:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.prooffreader.com/2014/05/graphing-distribution-of-english.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: http://boingboing.net/2014/06/02/distribution-of-letters-in-par.html ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>english language infographics statistics alphabet words 2014 classideas</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-04-13/seven-reasons-we-hate-free-range-parenting">
    <title>Seven Reasons We Hate Free-Range Parenting - Bloomberg View</title>
    <dc:date>2015-04-13T21:24:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-04-13/seven-reasons-we-hate-free-range-parenting</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Danielle and Alexander Meitiv of Maryland want to raise their children as "free-range kids," which is to say giving them the kind of range of movement that those of us over 30 recall as a normal part of childhood. One of my cherished childhood memories is the long walks my best friend and I would take home from church through New York's Riverside Park, which Google Maps records as a distance of a mile and a half, stopping at every playground along the way. This is slightly longer than the walk home from the playground that caused Montgomery County's Child Protective Services to investigate the Meitivs last year, after someone called the police to report the alarming sight of ... children walking down the street alone. On Sunday, after another "good Samaritan" called the cops, CPS seized the children, leaving the parents frantic with worry for hours.

One could argue that this is a good lesson for the parents. One could also argue that it would be bracing to have the police periodically break into our homes to educate us about weak points in our security systems. In fact, the sort of abduction that CPS apparently wants the Meitivs to obsess over is incredibly rare and always has been.

Why has America gone lunatic on the subject of unattended children? Parents hover over their kids as if every step might be their last. If they don't hover, strangers do, calling the police to report any parent who leaves their child to run into the store for a few minutes. What's truly strange is that the parents who are doing this were themselves left to their own devices in cars, allowed to ride their bikes and walk to the store unsupervised, and otherwise given the (limited) freedom that they are now determined to deny their own kids. The police are making arrests that would have branded their own parents as criminals. To hear people my age talk about the dangers of unsupervised children, you would think that the attrition rate in our generation had been at least 30 percent.

Even people who haven't gone crazy are afraid of the Pediatric Patrol. A mom of my acquaintance whose house backs up to a school playground, with a gate that lets her children walk straight into the schoolyard, is afraid to let them go through the gate without an adult, for fear that someone would call the same nutty CPS that has taken to impounding the Meitiv children. She compromises by letting them play alone in the playground only when she is in the backyard, so that she can intervene if the police arrive.

Think about that: Kids have the priceless boon of a playground right in their backyard, but they can't use it unless Mom drops everything to accompany them. I am running out of synonyms for "insane" to describe the state we have worked ourselves into. What on earth has happened to us?

As it happened, I looked into that for my book, and the disappointing news is that I didn't find much good research to explain this mass shift in American parenting. I did, however, develop some theories from watching parents, law enforcement officials and others discuss the pros and cons of free-range parenting.

I should add a caveat: I don't have kids, so I lack an important perspective. And I should say that if I did have kids, I'm sure I too would be a safety paranoiac, making my own baby food from organic ingredients just in case pesticides in their unsweetened applesauce turn out to cause cancer. So I'm not blaming individual parents; this is a collective insanity, not a personal foible.

So how can we explain it?

1. Cable news. When you listen to parents talk about why they hover, you'll frequently hear that the world is more dangerous than it used to be. This is the exact opposite of the truth. The New York City where I walked to school, past housing projects with major crime problems and across busy streets, was much more dangerous than the New York of today. And that is true of virtually everywhere. The world is not more dangerous. But it feels more dangerous to a lot of people because the media landscape has shifted.

Think of it this way: There were always stranger abductions, but they were always extremely rare, perhaps 2 or 3 per 1 million children under 12 in the U.S. each year. However, in the 1970s, you most likely only heard about local cases, and because these were rare, you would hear about one every few years in a moderately large metropolitan area. This made it sound like what it is: an unimaginably terrible thing that thankfully almost never happens. Very occasionally, a case would catch the imagination and make national news, like the Lindbergh baby. But these almost always happened in big cities like New York, or to rich people, so people didn't imagine that this was a risk that faced them.

Then along came cable news, which needed to fill 24 hours a day with content. These sorts of cases started to make national news, and because our brains are terrible at statistics, we did not register this as "Aha, the overall rate is still low, but I am now hearing cases drawn from a much larger population, so I hear about more of them." Instead, it felt like stranger abductions must have gone up a lot.

The Internet also enables parents to share stories of every bad thing that happens to their children. We used to be limited to collecting these stories from people we actually met, which meant that we didn't hear a lot of truly terrible stories. Now we have thousands at the tips of our fingers, and the same failures of statistical intuition make it feel like wow, terrible things are happening all the time these days.

2. Economic insecurity. As college degrees, and particularly elite degrees, have become more valuable, parents have come to feel that they must micromanage their children's lives in order to make a good showing on college applications. The result is vastly more supervised activities. This has shrunk the pool of kids who are around to play with, making free-range childhood less rewarding.

3. Mothers working. In suburbs and small towns, stay-at-home moms formed "eyes on the street," so that even if your kid was roaming the neighborhood, there was a gentle adult eye periodically sweeping across their activity. But I don't think we can lean on this too much, because kids in cities also had a lot more independence back then, and the Broadway of my youth was not exactly a sweet, sheltered world where nothing much could go wrong.

There's another reason I think this matters, however. More mothers are paying others to take care of their children. It's easy to impose severe limits on the mobility of your children when you are not personally expected to provide 24-hour supervision. When I was a kid, there were a lot of mothers at home who believed that being home with kids was important but did not actually personally enjoy playing with 4-year-olds. Those parents would have rebelled at being told that they should never let their kids out of hearing range. Those mothers are now at work, paying someone else to enjoy playing with their 4-year-old or at least convincingly fake it.

4. Collective-action problems. When it comes to safety, overprotective parents are in effect taking out a sort of regret insurance. Every community has what you might call "generally accepted child-rearing practices," the parenting equivalent of "generally accepted accounting principles." These principles define what is good parenting and provide a sort of mental safe harbor in the event of an accident. If you do those things and your kid gets hurt -- well, you'll still wish that you'd asked them to stay home and help bake cookies, or lingered a little longer at the drugstore, or something so that they weren't around when the Bad Thing happened. But if you break them and your kid gets hurt, you -- and a lot of other people -- will feel that it happened because you were a bad parent. So you follow the GACP.

Over time, these rules get set by the most risk-averse parent in your social group, because if anything happens, you'll wish you had acted like them. This does not mean that the kids are actually safer: Parents in most places "shelter" their kids from risk by strapping them into cars and driving them to supervised activities, which is more dangerous than almost anything those kids could have gotten up to at home.

5. Lawsuits. In the U.S., the liability revolution of the 1970s has made every institution, from parks departments to schools, much more sensitive about even tiny risks, because when you go before the jury in a case about a hurt child, arguing that what happened was less likely than getting hit by a bolt of lightning is going to have much less impact than the evidence of a hurt child.

6. Mobile phones. All these strangers calling 911 to report a 6-year-old who has been left in a car outside a store for a few minutes are probably doing so because it's easy. If that person had to dig for a piece of paper and a pen to write the license plate down, then take time out of their day to find a pay phone, dial the police and stand around talking to the 911 operator, most would probably think "You know, I bet his mom is going to come out of the store in a minute, and I really need to get home to start dinner." Now you can just take a picture of the license plate and call from the comfort of your car. It would be surprising if we lowered the price of being an officious busybody and didn't get a lot more of it.

7. We're richer. Richer countries can afford more safety. That's a good thing, but there can be too much safety. There are major downsides to this form of parenting, as many authors have laid out: It's hard on the parents, may result in the kids developing more phobias, and stunts the creativity and self-reliance that we theoretically want to develop in children so that they can become happy and productive adults.

I don't think there's one easy answer to why we've become insane; rather, there are a lot of forces that are pushing in this direction. But that doesn't mean we can't push back. And a good start would be for the public to make clear to agencies such as Montgomery County's CPS -- and the elected officials who created them -- that giving kids some room to roam is not child abuse, and that when taxpayer money is wasted punishing families like the Meitivs, it is the government that is the abuser."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/08/exposing-great-poverty-reductio-201481211590729809.html">
    <title>Exposing the great 'poverty reduction' lie - Al Jazeera English</title>
    <dc:date>2015-04-10T06:08:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/08/exposing-great-poverty-reductio-201481211590729809.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[See also: http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/mar/30/it-will-take-100-years-for-the-worlds-poorest-people-to-earn-125-a-day ]

"The received wisdom comes to us from all directions: Poverty rates are declining and extreme poverty will soon be eradicated. The World Bank, the governments of wealthy countries, and - most importantly - the United Nations Millennium Campaign all agree on this narrative. Relax, they tell us. The world is getting better, thanks to the spread of free market capitalism and western aid. Development is working, and soon, one day in the very near future, poverty will be no more.

It is a comforting story, but unfortunately it is just not true. Poverty is not disappearing as quickly as they say. In fact, according to some measures, poverty has been getting significantly worse. If we are to be serious about eradicating poverty, we need to cut through the sugarcoating and face up to some hard facts.

False accounting
The most powerful expression of the poverty reduction narrative comes from the UN's Millennium Campaign. Building on the Millennium Declaration of 2000, the Campaign's main goal has been to reduce global poverty by half by 2015 - an objective that it proudly claims to have achieved ahead of schedule. But if we look beyond the celebratory rhetoric, it becomes clear that this assertion is deeply misleading.

The world's governments first pledged to end extreme poverty during the World Food Summit in Rome in 1996. They committed to reducing the number of undernourished people by half before 2015, which, given the population at the time, meant slashing the poverty headcount by 836 million. Many critics claimed that this goal was inadequate given that, with the right redistributive policies, extreme poverty could be ended much more quickly.

But instead of making the goals more robust, global leaders surreptitiously diluted it. Yale professor and development watchdog Thomas Pogge points out that when the Millennium Declaration was signed, the goal was rewritten as "Millennium Developmental Goal 1" (MDG-1) and was altered to halve the proportion (as opposed to the absolute number) of the world's people living on less than a dollar a day. By shifting the focus to income levels and switching from absolute numbers to proportional ones, the target became much easier to achieve. Given the rate of population growth, the new goal was effectively reduced by 167 million. And that was just the beginning.

After the UN General Assembly adopted MDG-1, the goal was diluted two more times. First, they changed it from halving the proportion of impoverished people in the world to halving the proportion of impoverished people in developing countries, thus taking advantage of an even faster-growing demographic denominator. Second, they moved the baseline of analysis from 2000 back to 1990, thus retroactively including all poverty reduction accomplished by China throughout the 1990s, due in no part whatsoever to the Millennium Campaign.

This statistical sleight-of-hand narrowed the target by a further 324 million. So what started as a goal to reduce the poverty headcount by 836 million has magically become only 345 million - less than half the original number. Having dramatically redefined the goal, the Millennium Campaign can claim that poverty has been halved when in fact it has not. The triumphalist narrative hailing the death of poverty rests on an illusion of deceitful accounting."

…

"A more honest view of poverty

We need to seriously rethink these poverty metrics. The dollar-a-day IPL is based on the national poverty lines of the 15 poorest countries, but these lines provide a poor foundation given that many are set by bureaucrats with very little data. More importantly, they tell us nothing about what poverty is like in wealthier countries. A 1990 survey in Sri Lanka found that 35 percent of the population fell under the national poverty line. But the World Bank, using the IPL, reported only 4 percent in the same year. In other words, the IPL makes poverty seem much less serious than it actually is.

The present IPL theoretically reflects what $1.25 could buy in the United States in 2005. But people who live in the US know it is impossible to survive on this amount. The prospect is laughable. In fact, the US government itself calculated that in 2005 the average person needed at least $4.50 per day simply to meet minimum nutritional requirements. The same story can be told in many other countries, where a dollar a day is inadequate for human existence. In India, for example, children living just above the IPL still have a 60 percent chance of being malnourished.

According to Peter Edwards of Newcastle University, if people are to achieve normal life expectancy, they need roughly double the current IPL, or a minimum of $2.50 per day. But adopting this higher standard would seriously undermine the poverty reduction narrative. An IPL of $2.50 shows a poverty headcount of around 3.1 billion, almost triple what the World Bank and the Millennium Campaign would have us believe. It also shows that poverty is getting worse, not better, with nearly 353 million more people impoverished today than in 1981. With China taken out of the equation, that number shoots up to 852 million.

Some economists go further and advocate for an IPL of $5 or even $10 - the upper boundary suggested by the World Bank. At this standard, we see that some 5.1 billion people - nearly 80 percent of the world's population - are living in poverty today. And the number is rising.
These more accurate parameters suggest that the story of global poverty is much worse than the spin doctored versions we are accustomed to hearing. The $1.25 threshold is absurdly low, but it remains in favour because it is the only baseline that shows any progress in the fight against poverty, and therefore justifies the present economic order. Every other line tells the opposite story. In fact, even the $1.25 line shows that, without factoring China, the poverty headcount is worsening, with 108 million people added to the ranks of the poor since 1981. All of this calls the triumphalist narrative into question.

A call for change

This is a pressing concern; the UN is currently negotiating the new Sustainable Development Goals that will replace the Millennium Campaign in 2015, and they are set to use the same dishonest poverty metrics as before. They will leverage the "poverty reduction" story to argue for business as usual: stick with the status quo and things will keep getting better. We need to demand more. If the Sustainable Development Goals are to have any real value, they need to begin with a more honest poverty line - at least $2.50 per day - and instate rules to preclude the kind of deceit that the World Bank and the Millennium Campaign have practised to date.

Eradicating poverty in this more meaningful sense will require more than just using aid to tinker around the edges of the problem. It will require changing the rules of the global economy to make it fairer for the world's majority. Rich country governments will resist such changes with all their might. But epic problems require courageous solutions, and, with 2015 fast approaching, the moment to act is now."]]></description>
<dc:subject>jasonhickel poverty capitalism 2014 economics thomaspogge inequality statistics lyingwithstatistics worldbank</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/mar/30/it-will-take-100-years-for-the-worlds-poorest-people-to-earn-125-a-day?CMP=share_btn_tw">
    <title>It will take 100 years for the world’s poorest to earn $1.25 a day | Global Development Professionals Network | The Guardian</title>
    <dc:date>2015-04-10T06:04:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/mar/30/it-will-take-100-years-for-the-worlds-poorest-people-to-earn-125-a-day?CMP=share_btn_tw</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The sustainable development goals will aim to eradicate poverty by 2030 but our current economic model, built on GDP, could never be inclusive or sustainable"

…

"If you follow international news you will be accustomed to headlines announcing that world leaders have succeeded in cutting global poverty in half over the past couple of decades. Its sounds like brilliant news, but it’s just not true. The numbers have been furtively manipulated to make it seem as though our economic system is working for the majority of humanity when in fact it is not.

The sustainable development goals, to be decided in September, will take this dubious good-news story a step further. This time, the main goal is not just to further reduce extreme poverty, but to eradicate it entirely – and to do so by no later than 2030. This is a welcome move: it’s about time we finally got around to putting poverty eradication firmly on the agenda. But it also raises some tough questions. Is it possible to end poverty under our current economic system?

A few weeks ago economist David Woodward tackled this question in an article published in the World Economic Review. His findings are shocking. He shows that, given our existing economic model, poverty eradication can’t happen. Not that it probably won’t happen, but that it physically can’t. It’s a structural impossibility.

Let’s assume that we can maintain the fastest rate of income growth that the poorest 10% of the world’s population have ever enjoyed over the past few decades. That was between 1993 and 2008 – after the debt crisis of the 1980s that crippled much of the developing world and before the banking collapse of 2008. During that period, their incomes increased at a rate of 1.29% each year.

So how long will it take to eradicate poverty if we extrapolate this trend? 100 years.

That’s what it will require to bring the world’s poorest above the standard poverty line of $1.25/day. Compare that with the SDGs’ 2030 target. And keep in mind that Woodward’s methodology is not able to capture the poorest 1% of the world’s population, who will still remain in poverty even at the end of this period. That’s 90 million people, more than the entire population of Germany today, who will remain in poverty forever. Whatever the SDGs will achieve, poverty “eradication” won’t be one of those things.

Even this extremely optimistic, best-possible scenario does not account for the slowdown in income growth since the financial crash. It doesn’t factor in the spikes in food prices that have effectively wiped out the incomes of the poor over the past few years, or the fact that climate change is already unravelling development gains across the global south. It imagines all of this away, and assumes that no further economic or ecological crises will happen in the next 100 years – which is a very big assumption indeed.

As if the 100-year timeline isn’t disappointing enough, it gets worse. A growing number of scholars are beginning to point out that $1.25/day – which is the official poverty line of the SDGs – is actually not adequate for people to survive on. In reality, if people are to meet their most basic needs and achieve normal human life expectancy, they need closer to $5/day. How long would it take to eradicate poverty at this more accurate line? 207 years.

Progress is woefully slow because to date the only strategy for reducing poverty is to increase global GDP growth. Politicians, economists and the development industry all have no other ideas. But GDP growth doesn’t really benefit the poor – or the majority of humanity, for that matter. Of all the income generated by global GDP growth between 1999 and 2008, the poorest 60% of humanity received only 5% of it. The richest 40%, by contrast, received the rest – a whopping 95%. So much for the trickle-down effect.

To eradicate poverty global GDP would have to increase to 175 times its present size if we go with $5/day. In other words, if we want to eradicate poverty with our current model of economic development, we need to extract, produce, and consume 175 times more commodities than we presently do. This is horrifying to contemplate. And even if such outlandish growth were possible, it would drive climate change to unimaginable levels and wipe out any gains in poverty reduction.

It’s a farcical proposition – a cruel joke played at the expense of the poor. And, as if to add insult to injury, to achieve this level of GDP growth, global per capita income would have to be no less than $1.3 million. In other words, the average income would have to be $1.3 million per year simply so that the poorest two-thirds of humanity could earn $5 per day. It’s completely absurd, but shows just how deeply inequality is hardwired into our economic system.

But it is in fact possible to eradicate poverty in fewer than 207 years, and to do so without destroying our ability to inhabit this planet. We need to abolish debts owed by developing countries, close down the tax havens, install a global minimum wage, place a moratorium on land grabs, and put an end to the structural adjustment programmes that allow rich countries to control the fates of poor countries. On top of all this, we need to dethrone the GDP measure and replace it with something more rational – like the Genuine Progress Indicator or the Happy Planet Index. 

Unfortunately, the SDGs do not provide the answer, because they are not allowed to challenge dominant economic interests. Despite the fact that we’re already overshooting our planet’s total biocapacity by about 50% each year, growth, production, and consumption remain at the centre of their agenda. Yes, it’s all qualified by terms like “inclusive” and “sustainable”, but there are no clear commitments on what this is supposed to look like.

Of course, the corporations and rich-country governments that control the SDG process are very unlikely to adopt the change needed to truly eradicate poverty, because it would threaten the interests of the global 1%. But that’s exactly the point, and we need to be making it every chance we get."

[See also: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/08/exposing-great-poverty-reductio-201481211590729809.html ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>poverty economics 2015 jasonhickel capitalism davidwoodward inequality measurement statistics lyingwithstatistics gowrth gdp politics optimism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Muv99kqKU4U">
    <title>To Count for Nothing: Poverty Beyond the Statistics by Professor Ruth Lister - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-27T19:21:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Muv99kqKU4U</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The lecture, chaired by Professor Sir John Hills CBE FBA, London School of Economics, was held at the British Academy in Carlton House Terrace in London on February 5th 2015.

Beyond the statistics that tend to dominate much public debate, a focus on the experience of poverty reveals its relational as well as material nature. The lecture explored this understanding of poverty with reference to the impact of the discourses that shame 'the poor' as 'the other' who 'count for nothing'. It argued that acknowledgement of the agency of people in poverty and the structural constraints and insecurity within which it is exercised together with a focus on human rights can frame counter discourses. The lecture ended with some brief reflections on political and policy implications.

About the speaker:
Ruth Lister is a Member of the House of Lords and Emeritus Professor of Social Policy, Loughborough University. She is also Honorary President and former Director of the Child Poverty Action Group, and Member of the Joint Committee on Human Rights. Baroness Lister has served on various independent Commissions, and she has published widely on poverty, social security, citizenship and gender."

[via somewhere I have forgotten a while ago and now via: https://twitter.com/josiefraser/status/581437348082249729 ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.edutopia.org/landmark-education-report-nation-risk">
    <title>Education at Risk: Fallout from a Flawed Report | Edutopia</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-27T04:32:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.edutopia.org/landmark-education-report-nation-risk</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Nearly a quarter century ago, "A Nation at Risk" hit our schools like a brick dropped from a penthouse window. One problem: The landmark document that still shapes our national debate on education was misquoted, misinterpreted, and often dead wrong."

…

"Once launched, the report, which warned of "a rising level of mediocrity," took off like wildfire. During the next month, the Washington Post alone ran some two dozen stories about it, and the buzz kept spreading. Although Reagan counselor (and, later, attorney general) Edwin Meese III urged him to reject the report because it undermined the president's basic education agenda -- to get government out of education -- White House advisers Jim Baker and Michael Deaver argued that "A Nation at Risk" provided good campaign fodder.

Reagan agreed, and, in his second run for the presidency, he gave fifty-one speeches calling for tough school reform. The "high political payoff," Bell wrote in his memoir, "stole the education issue from Walter Mondale -- and it cost us nothing."

What made "A Nation at Risk" so useful to Reagan? For one thing, its language echoed the get-tough rhetoric of the growing conservative movement. For another, its diagnosis lent color to the charge that, under liberals, American education had dissolved into a mush of self-esteem classes.

In truth, "A Nation at Risk" could have been read as almost any sort of document. Basically, it just called for "More!" -- more science, more math, more art, more humanities, more social studies, more school days, more hours, more homework, more basics, more higher-order thinking, more lower-order thinking, more creativity, more everything.

The document had, however, been commissioned by the Reagan White House, so conservative Republicans controlled its interpretation and uses. What they zeroed in on was the notion of failing schools as a national-security crisis. Republican ideas for school reform became a charge against a shadowy enemy, a kind of war on mediocrity.

By the end of the decade, Republicans had erased whatever advantage Democrats once enjoyed on education and other classic "women's issues." As Peter Schrag later noted in The Nation, Reagan-era conservatives, "with the help of business leaders like IBM chairman Lou Gerstner, managed to convert a whole range of liberally oriented children's issues . . . into a debate focused almost exclusively on education and tougher-standards school reform."

The Inconvenient Sandia Report

From the start, however, some doubts must have risen about the crisis rhetoric, because in 1990, Admiral James Watkins, the secretary of energy (yes, energy), commissioned the Sandia Laboratories in New Mexico to document the decline with some actual data.

Systems scientists there produced a study consisting almost entirely of charts, tables, and graphs, plus brief analyses of what the numbers signified, which amounted to a major "Oops!" As their puzzled preface put it, "To our surprise, on nearly every measure, we found steady or slightly improving trends."

One section, for example, analyzed SAT scores between the late 1970s and 1990, a period when those scores slipped markedly. ("A Nation at Risk" spotlighted the decline of scores from 1963 to 1980 as dead-bang evidence of failing schools.) The Sandia report, however, broke the scores down by various subgroups, and something astonishing emerged. Nearly every subgroup -- ethnic minorities, rich kids, poor kids, middle class kids, top students, average students, low-ranked students -- held steady or improved during those years. Yet overall scores dropped. How could that be?

Simple -- statisticians call it Simpson's paradox: The average can change in one direction while all the subgroups change in the opposite direction if proportions among the subgroups are changing. Early in the period studied, only top students took the test. But during those twenty years, the pool of test takers expanded to include many lower-ranked students. Because the proportion of top students to all students was shrinking, the scores inevitably dropped. That decline signified not failure but rather progress toward what had been a national goal: extending educational opportunities to a broader range of the population.

By then, however, catastrophically failing schools had become a political necessity. George H.W. Bush campaigned to replace Reagan as president on a promise to confront the crisis. He had just called an education summit to tackle it, so there simply had to be a crisis.

The government never released the Sandia report. It went into peer review and there died a quiet death. Hardly anyone else knew it even existed until, in 1993, the Journal of Educational Research, read by only a small group of specialists, printed the report.

Getting Educators Out of Education

In 1989, Bush convened his education summit at the University of Virginia. Astonishingly, no teachers, professional educators, cognitive scientists, or learning experts were invited. The group that met to shape the future of American education consisted entirely of state governors. Education was too important, it seemed, to leave to educators.

School reform, as formulated by the summit, moved so forcefully onto the nation's political agenda that, in the 1992 presidential campaign, Bill Clinton had to promise to outtough Bush on education. As president, Clinton steered through Congress a bill called Goals 2000 that largely co-opted the policies that came out of the 1989 Bush summit.

After the 2000 election, George W. Bush dubbed himself America's "educator in chief," and until terrorism hijacked the national agenda, he was staking his presidency on a school-reform package known as the No Child Left Behind Act, a bill that -- as every teacher knows -- dominates the course of public education in America today."

…

"Reform, Not Improve
Bush Sr. launched the idea of a national education policy shaped at the federal level by politicians. Clinton sealed it, and our current president built on this foundation by introducing a punitive model for enforcing national goals. Earlier education activists had thought to achieve outcomes through targeted spending on the theory that where funding flows, school improvement flourishes. The new strategy hopes to achieve outcomes through targeted budget cutting -- on the theory that withholding money from failed programs forces them to shape up.

Which approach will actually improve education? Here, I think, language can lead us astray. In everyday life, we use reform and improve as synonyms (think: "reformed sinner"), so when we hear "school reform," we think "school improvement." Actually, reform means nothing more than "alter the form of." Whether a particular alteration is an improvement depends on what is altered and who's doing the judging. Different people will have different opinions. Every proposed change, therefore, calls for discussion.

The necessary discussion cannot be held unless the real alternatives are on the table. Today, essentially three currents of education reform compete with each other. One sees inspiration and motivation as the keys to better education. Reform in this direction starts by asking, "What will draw the best minds of our generation into teaching? What will spark great teachers to go beyond the minimum? What will motivate kids to learn and keep coming back to school?"

In this direction lie proposals for building schools around learners, gearing instruction to individual goals and learning styles, pointing education toward developing an ever-broader range of human capacities, and phasing in assessment tools that get at ever-subtler nuances of achievement. Overall, this approach promotes creative diversity as a social good.

A second current, the dominant one, sees discipline and structure as the keys to school improvement. Reform in this direction starts by asking, "What does the country need, what must all kids know to serve those needs, and how can we enforce the necessary learning?" In this direction, the curriculum comes first, schools are built around the curriculum, and students are required to fit themselves into a given structure, controlled from above. As a social good, it promotes national unity and strength. This is the road we're on now with NCLB.

A third possible direction goes back to diversity and individualism -- through privatization, including such mechanisms as tuition tax credits, vouchers (enabling students to opt out of the public school system), and home schooling. Proponents include well-funded private groups such as the Cato Institute that frankly promote a free-enterprise model for schooling: Anyone who wants education should pay for it and should have the right to buy whatever educational product he or she desires.

What's Next?
Don't be shocked if NCLB ends up channeling American education into that third current, even though it seems like part of the mainstream get-tough approach. Educational researcher Gerald Bracey, author of Reading Educational Research: How to Avoid Getting Statistically Snookered, writes in Stanford magazine that "NCLB aims to shrink the public sector, transfer large sums of public money to the private sector, weaken or destroy two Democratic power bases -- the teachers' unions -- and provide vouchers to let students attend private schools at public expense."

Why? Because NCLB is set up to label most American public schools as failures in the next six or seven years. Once a school flunks, this legislation sets parents free to send their children to a school deemed successful. But herds of students moving from failed schools to (fewer) successful ones are likely to sink the latter. And then what? Then, says NCLB, the state takes over.

And there's the rub. Can "the state" -- that is, bureaucrats -- run schools better than professional educators? What if they fail, too? What's plan C?

NCLB does not specify plan C. Apparently, that decision will be made when the time comes. But with some $500 billion per year -- the sum total of all our K-12 education spending in this country -- at stake, and with politicians' hands on all the levers, you can be pretty certain the decision will not be made by those whose field of expertise is learning. It will be made by those whose field of expertise is power."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://boingboing.net/2015/02/24/our-children-are-safer-than-ou.html">
    <title>&quot;Stranger Danger&quot; to children vastly overstated - Boing Boing</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-01T17:51:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://boingboing.net/2015/02/24/our-children-are-safer-than-ou.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Oft-cited stats about child abduction puts kidnappers behind every bush. But the numbers are old and frequently mangled, distorting our understanding of genuine risks to children."

…

"People send Skenazy their stories and media clippings of law-enforcement overreactions, some of which bubble up to national coverage. (Skenazy writes for the libertarian publication Reason.) She cites an appeals court decision in January 2014 in New Jersey which upheld the conviction of a mother for leaving her 19-month-old child asleep in a car for 5 to 10 minutes while she shopped.

The judge writing for the appeals panel cited a variety of potential risks: "…on a hot day, the temperature inside a motor vehicle can quickly spike to dangerously high levels, just as it may rapidly and precipitously dip on a cold night."

But the day wasn't hot, it wasn't night, and the child was never in danger. The decision left open the potential for any parent to be criminally charged and convicted for leaving a child in a car up to the age of 17, as the appeals court provided no cut-off date nor other parameters. It also thought because the task wasn't urgent, that more imaginary danger should have been considered. "Because she wasn't fantasizing, she was guilty," says Skenazy.

Many states have laws that mandate the age at which a child may be left alone at home or in a car (and the duration, among other factors), or provide such broad guidance that even if it's within the law, a child could be put in foster care and a parent arrested.

In Texas, leaving a child under seven without someone 14 or over in a car for over five minutes, is a Class C misdemeanor ($500 fine, no jail time). Texas has no rules about the age at which a kid can be left at home alone, but its definition of "neglectful supervision" includes not just "bodily injury" but "substantial risk of immediate harm to the child." This leaves an awful lot of latitude for enforcement, which we've seen in practice errs towards worst first thinking.

Skenazy says there's secondary effect, too. Parents who might otherwise make sensible choices about their kids' capabilities must also factor in the worst first thinking of neighbors and strangers. "They imagine that the authorities are using that criteria when they are making a decision about your parenting," and that results in calls to protective services and the police for behavior that isn't dangerous or unreasonable.

While the legal side remains tricky, Skenazy says parents' attitudes can be changed. For her TV show, producers received submissions from 2,000 families and picked the most-anxious 13, including a mother who still spoon fed her older child and an 8-year-old only allowed to stand on a skateboard on his front lawn. Another couple accompanied their children next door to the kids' grandparents.

She spent a few afternoons with the kids without their parents, and they bloomed. But even better, "It changes the parents utterly, completely, and forever, once the kids do something on their own. What looked like bone-deep fear, that even I — I wondered why am I here and not a psychiatrist? It's socially imposed." This gives her hope."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.pewresearch.org/next-america/">
    <title>The Next America | Pew Research Center</title>
    <dc:date>2015-01-26T22:22:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.pewresearch.org/next-america/</link>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2015/01/the_nypd_slowdown_is_proving_that_broken_windows_is_a_failure.html">
    <title>The NYPD Slowdown Is Proving That ‘Broken Windows’ Is a Failure - The Root</title>
    <dc:date>2015-01-06T00:02:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theroot.com/articles/culture/2015/01/the_nypd_slowdown_is_proving_that_broken_windows_is_a_failure.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["So what is the real takeaway from the NYPD slowdown where “broken windows” is concerned? We already knew that it was flawed in theory, and we have seen it fail miserably in application. One wild and crazy idea is that this approach to policing and the slowdown are both about little more than power and economics. The Police Department is attempting to flex its muscles to remind de Blasio and the thousands of nonviolent protesters who have dared to speak out against NYPD practices that the city needs them. The message is essentially that, even beyond the prevention of crime, police are still needed to help generate critical amounts of revenue for the city’s operating budget."]]></description>
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