Pigeons housed in aviaries provided with clockwise or counter-clockwise deflectors, once released, displayed a corresponding deflection in initial orientation.

the odour-based map does not have the structure of a map defined by a bicoordinate system, thereby giving the exact position and distance of two points with respect to each other. The olfactory map is supposed to provide information exclusively about the direction of displacement.

odours perceived during transportation indeed constituted a source of positional information

stable ratios, rather than the absolute concentrations, of at least three different volatile compounds are sufficient

Some of these compounds are emitted by trees, the pine fragrance one smells during a walk in the forest. Other pungent natural emissions come from the sea, while still further VOCs can be emitted from industry.

Homing pigeons could detect extremely low frequency sounds (infrasounds) as low as 0.05 Hz in a sound isolation chamber. … Natural infrasounds come from many sources including weather patterns, topographic features, and ocean wave activity. Infrasounds propagate long distances and can be detected hundreds or even thousands of km away from their sources.

magnetoreception is based on a complex quantum mechanical process that takes place in certain cells in the retinas of migratory birds.

There is no cognition step between sense and act with smell. Smell is all about moving through the insides, through a field of intensities, of potential.