<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <rdf:RDF xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:taxo="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:syn="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:admin="http://webns.net/mvcb/">
  <channel rdf:about="http://pinboard.in">
    <title>Pinboard (robertogreco)</title>
    <link>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/public/</link>
    <description>recent bookmarks from robertogreco</description>
    <items>
      <rdf:Seq>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-24/billionaires-bankroll-san-francisco-comeback-one-party-at-a-time"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOW03nzWSXM"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://thebaffler.com/salvos/hollowed-out-ray"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://xiaoweiwang.com/spicytakes/2019-05-01/post"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/view/22155"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.mnn.com/your-home/remodeling-design/blogs/in-rural-alabama-student-architects-jump-start-a-neglected-park"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.diy-manifesto.com/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://rebuild-foundation.org/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpRZH6TZiJs"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://betterblock.org/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.npr.org/2012/08/02/156980469/marfa-texas-an-unlikely-art-oasis-in-a-desert-town"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/sympathy-for-the-suburbs"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.tnr.com/article/metro-policy/the-detroit-project?page=0,0"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/arts/design/30urba.html?ex=1322542800&amp;en=f3474c7abd88119f&amp;ei=5090&amp;partner=rssuserland&amp;emc=rss"/>
      </rdf:Seq>
    </items>
  </channel><item rdf:about="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-24/billionaires-bankroll-san-francisco-comeback-one-party-at-a-time">
    <title>Billionaires Bankroll San Francisco Comeback One Party at a Time - Bloomberg</title>
    <dc:date>2025-11-28T23:06:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-24/billionaires-bankroll-san-francisco-comeback-one-party-at-a-time</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Crime surveillance, food assistance, an 83-foot Christmas tree – they’re all being paid for by an increasingly influential coalition of San Francisco billionaires.

In the latest blurring of the lines between city services and private philanthropy, crypto billionaire Chris Larsen is chipping in for a monthly downtown block party featuring prominent DJs and a giant disco ball. The goal is to entice costume-clad revelers to help revive the city’s struggling financial district and counteract images of a blighted San Francisco.

“It’s about righting the ship,” Larsen said.

The growing municipal role of the ultra-rich represents a broader shift in San Francisco’s balance of power toward moderate Democrats backed by a resurgent tech and financial elite – a vision championed by Mayor Daniel Lurie. Gap Inc. board director Bob Fisher and Salesforce Inc. are joining Larsen to back the street parties. Venture capital billionaire Mike Moritz’s private foundation helped fund city food assistance during the federal government’s shutdown.

“We are at the forefront of what it actually means to work with, live with and create a city with folks that do have that kind of wealth,” said Katy Birnbaum, founder of Into the Streets, the group that organizes the street parties. Her organization and the San Francisco Downtown Development Corp., a civic booster group aligned with Lurie, convinced Larsen to give $2 million to keep the festivals known as Downtown First Thursdays going next year.

But the rivers of private cash are also spurring divisions over whether billionaires should be relied on for their generosity – or taxed at higher rates. Connie Chan, a progressive lawmaker on the city’s Board of Supervisors, is looking to reinstate an “Overpaid Executive Tax” on San Francisco businesses with the highest-paid chief executive officers, telling a local outlet “it’s time to make sure they pay their fair share.”

Many San Franciscans have long pushed back against exorbitant wealth in a region where tech and artificial intelligence have fueled some of the world’s largest fortunes. Residents have blamed the influx of highly paid tech workers for San Francisco’s housing crunch and gentrification for years. Demonstrators this month marched through the city’s richest neighborhoods demanding “people over billionaires.”

“Slashing services and then backfilling with billionaire funds is not good policy,” said Dean Preston, a former San Francisco board member who lost his seat in last year’s election. “We’re at a crossroads: Whether oligarch rule becomes the norm and gets normalized or whether people react and reject it.”

Preston warned of “growing resentment” of the ultra-wealthy in the region, particularly as Silicon Valley leaders have aligned themselves with President Donald Trump.

But the city government needs money. Lurie, who took office in January, made courting private donors a key part of his push to revitalize San Francisco at a time of chronic budget deficits.

A wealthy heir to the Levi Strauss & Co. fortune who forged a career in philanthropy, he has brought the rich closer to his administration through a variety of civic groups and repeatedly urged them to give more.

In turn, a wealthy elite has helped him fund priorities such as beautifying the city’s downtown. Larsen, whose net worth is $14.6 billion according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, is at the center of much of the giving.

In addition to the street parties, the 64-year old co-founder of Ripple is footing the bill for the marquee Christmas tree in Union Square, San Francisco’s answer to New York’s Rockefeller Center. The tree has historically been funded by Macy’s Inc., the flagship retailer in Union Square. But as Macy’s faced harder times, city sponsors turned to Larsen for backing. The name they settled on: “Macy’s Great Tree, presented by Ripple.

Larsen also funded a program giving local police a dozen drones and free office space, and teamed up with Moritz to pay for street cleanings. Moritz’s private foundation, Crankstart, recently spent $9 million to bridge SNAP funding during the government shutdown.

“Crankstart contributed more than $100 million to San Francisco-related causes in 2025 because we believe in the promise of this city,” said Crankstart CEO Missy Narula in an email. “San Francisco has always been a home for innovators and collaborators, and we endeavor to support leaders with these values.”

Crankstart’s largest grant went to the mayor’s “Breaking the Cycle” vision to change the way the city addresses the homeless crisis. It also contributed to neighborhood projects in the Tenderloin and Indian Basin, while gifting money to the public defender’s office as well.

“We are really fortunate to have families and corporations in this city that are committed,” said Shola Olatoye, CEO of the San Francisco Downtown Development Corp., a nonprofit created to mobilize private capital for revitalization projects in the city’s core. “They’re all in.”

Larsen’s vision for San Francisco blends tougher stances on public safety and clean streets with a counterculture vibe inspired by Burning Man, the weeklong desert festival where Silicon Valley’s power elite parties in a makeshift utopian city without money or political divides.

“I actually saw Chris recently and I said, ‘Man, you are like single handedly holding the city together with your finances,’” San Francisco District Attorney Brooke Jenkins said in an interview. “Those are the billionaires I like because they get a bad rap often, but they are pouring money into making sure this city turns around.”

Still, San Francisco’s relationship with its billionaire class remains uneasy, and the relationship is becoming increasingly tangled in the age of Trump. Last month, Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff sparked a firestorm when he welcomed National Guard troops into San Francisco.

That gave Lurie another chance to enlist his billionaire network in favor of his vision for San Francisco. As media reports swirled about an impending federal immigration crackdown, the mayor rallied billionaires including OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and Nvidia Corp.’s Jensen Huang to call Trump and urge him to back off.

Benioff backtracked and phoned the White House as well. On Oct. 23, Trump said on Truth Social that he called off the surge, specifically naming Benioff and Huang as influencing his thinking.

Adroit political maneuvering is unlikely to head off future local debates about taxing San Francisco’s great fortunes, however. Larsen, for his part, says new wealth taxes will drive away the super rich.

He’s betting that an elite more involved in city politics and civic boosterism will tone down the billionaire bashing and push San Francisco closer to the Burning Man utopia.

“We got to stop the BS,” he said. “We got to make peace with the far left and the techies and the moderates.”"

[Via:
https://mailchi.mp/f7abbff7d6c6/sf-astroturf-network-hangover-13052372?e=e2b01efe62

See also:
https://sfstandard.com/2025/11/24/sf-downtown-first-thursdays-returns-2026-funding-expansion/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>sanfrancisco daniellurie millionaires downtown 2025 chrislarsen philanthropicindustrialcomplex philanthropy charitableindustrialcomplex charity michaelmoritz bobfisher salesforce vc venturecapital conniechan bigtech deanpreston oligarchy ripple eliyahukamisher surveillance governance government democracy crankstart privatization tendrloin indiabasin nationalguard marcbenioff samaltman nvidia jensenhuang openai taxes taxation elitism boosterism politics burningman sholaolatoye revitalization development missynarula siliconvalley gentrification katybirnbaum intothestreets</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:326de2cd9c22/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sanfrancisco"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:daniellurie"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:millionaires"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:downtown"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2025"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:chrislarsen"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:philanthropicindustrialcomplex"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:philanthropy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:charitableindustrialcomplex"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:charity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:michaelmoritz"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:bobfisher"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:salesforce"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:vc"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:venturecapital"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:conniechan"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:bigtech"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:deanpreston"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:oligarchy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:ripple"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:eliyahukamisher"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:surveillance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:governance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:government"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:democracy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:crankstart"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:privatization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:tendrloin"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:indiabasin"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nationalguard"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:marcbenioff"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:samaltman"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nvidia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:jensenhuang"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:openai"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:taxes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:taxation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:elitism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:boosterism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:burningman"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sholaolatoye"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:development"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:missynarula"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:siliconvalley"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:gentrification"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:katybirnbaum"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:intothestreets"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOW03nzWSXM">
    <title>&quot;There Are Good Reasons to Defund the FBI. They Have Nothing to Do with Trump&quot;: Alex Vitale - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-08-16T14:27:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOW03nzWSXM</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Defund the FBI" is the growing call by Republicans after the FBI searched former President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate. We get response from Alex Vitale, author of "The End of Policing," who lays out reasons to defund the FBI that have nothing to do with Trump. Vitale reviews the history of the FBI, which he says has "always been a tool of repression of left-wing movements," and calls the FBI investigation into Trump a "short-sighted" attempt to shut down some of the most extreme parts of the right wing. He uplifts efforts to "reduce the power and scope of the FBI in ways that limit their ability to demonize and criminalize those on the left." 

[See also:
"There Are Good Reasons to Defund the FBI. They Have Nothing to Do With Trump."
https://truthout.org/articles/there-are-good-reasons-to-defund-the-fbi-they-have-nothing-to-do-with-trump/

"This seeming contradiction helps us get to a deeper truth about the nature of police power. The FBI in particular, and the police in general, were not created to provide justice. Instead, the history of the FBI is one of repressing movements for liberation and carrying out wars on marginalized communities in the guise of wars on drugs, crime, terrorism, gangs and communism, among other phenomena determined by the state to be threats. The FBI’s long-running stretches of state-sanctioned violence have served to criminalize those that challenge the status quo, either through organized resistance or through survival strategies that interfere with capitalist notions of protecting the private property and individual autonomy of the rich and powerful."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>fbi defunding law lawenforcement police policing us 2022 alexvitale donaldtrump politics cointelpro blackpantherparty blackpanthers history americanindianmoovement mlk martinlutherkingjr fascism authoritarianism socialjustice republicans crime disinvestment racism race immigration housing health healthcare marjorietaylorgreene communism labor jedgarhoover suppression left blackliberationmmovement waronterror terrorism environmentalism repression corruption operationrelentlesspursuit blacklivesmatter dea atf cities urban urbanism revitalization liberalism centrism property capitalism class statusquo gangs violence stateviolence globalwaronterror</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:4921cc25f2a3/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:fbi"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:defunding"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:law"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:lawenforcement"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:police"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:policing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:us"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2022"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:alexvitale"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:donaldtrump"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cointelpro"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:blackpantherparty"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:blackpanthers"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:americanindianmoovement"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:mlk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:martinlutherkingjr"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:fascism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:authoritarianism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:socialjustice"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:republicans"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:crime"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:disinvestment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:racism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:race"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:immigration"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:housing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:health"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:healthcare"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:marjorietaylorgreene"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:communism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:labor"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:jedgarhoover"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:suppression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:left"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:blackliberationmmovement"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:waronterror"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:terrorism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:environmentalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:repression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:corruption"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:operationrelentlesspursuit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:blacklivesmatter"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:dea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:atf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:liberalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:centrism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:property"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:capitalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:class"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:statusquo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:gangs"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:violence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:stateviolence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:globalwaronterror"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://thebaffler.com/salvos/hollowed-out-ray">
    <title>Hollowed Out | Tarence Ray</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-07T00:55:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thebaffler.com/salvos/hollowed-out-ray</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Over the years, this effort has become a bit of a sick joke: it’s attracted more and more grant funding, while the building itself has sunk deeper into a state of disrepair. In 2017 the town council got half a million dollars from the Appalachian Regional Commission to fix it up, and one year later the roof caved in. It now looks like something you’d see in Dresden, 1945.

That hasn’t stopped regional technocrats from using it as an example of what “downtown revitalization” could look like, if done properly. This is because the push to develop sites like the Daniel Boone Hotel is largely an effort in narrative-building, bolstered by grants and strategic media coverage. If you can sell the resurrection of the Daniel Boone Hotel to people who want a brighter future for their deindustrializing region, you can get more grants for that effort, which gets you more press, which gets you more grants. It’s a feedback loop in which you never really have to do anything. A local write-up of that half-million-dollar grant reported that stabilization of the hotel would begin by summer 2017. All that’s happened since is the caved-in roof.

Staring up at the building’s crumbling edifice, I wondered what kind of fantastical grant narrative had justified those half-million dollars. After all, I used to write grants for a living, and I’ve developed a bit of an eye for the tricks of the trade. I found this on the ARC’s website:

<blockquote>The hotel is a central component of Whitesburg’s economic development future and revitalization plans. After the structure is stabilized and renovated, it will be a regional destination and economic driver. The project will create 23 jobs, leverage $2,000,000 in private investment, and will attract 9,900 additional visitors annually to the area. [Emphasis mine.]</blockquote>

These metrics are how you determine the ambition of the project: 9,900 additional visitors annually to the area. How’d they get that number? Well, they either made it up, or some consulting firm gave it to them, and they probably made it up.”

…

“It’s clear how the POWER Initiative benefits Appalachia’s new managerial class, disaster capitalists who are forward-looking only in their desire to exploit resources in Appalachia which don’t yet exist. But it certainly hasn’t benefitted the people at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder, who don’t have the capital to start their own entrepreneurial “ecosystems” or run countless feasibility tests with no discernable purpose. I realize I’m missing the point here; the eminently wise technocrats of the ARC would tell me that of course poor and working people aren’t going to start their own businesses. The point is to get middle- and upper-class gentrifiers to start those businesses, and then they’ll employ everyone in a community, and their wealth will trickle down. Even if that were possible in a rapidly depopulating region, many people would remain trapped in violent, backbreaking, dead-end jobs.

But training poor and working people for different jobs is equally unpromising. The majority of the tech skills that that POWER grantees have promised to teach are in some of the most replaceable jobs in the industry: app development, web development, and dataset management. And even if those jobs aren’t easily replaceable by fellow low-paid workers, in a few years they will be, by machines. One POWER project in Pennsylvania got over half a million dollars to train former coal miners to become pipeline workers in oil and gas, an industry that automates and mechanizes at hyperspeed.

Of course people will still be needed to run and monitor the machines, but there isn’t much manufacturing going on in the Appalachian interior, and there never will be, simply because it’s not profitable to put your factory in a remote county in eastern Kentucky, far away from all major ports and transportation corridors. The very people who love capitalism so much that they’d base their entire Appalachian revitalization project on its inerrancy constantly forget its basic premise: things must be profitable in order to matter.

All of this is to say that we can identify several themes in the Obama administration’s grand Appalachian economic development initiative. First: never meet peoples’ material needs directly or encourage them to organize. Rather, study the feasibility of giving them things, or throw some money at a community college, which can train people in the art of being a well-behaved and productive worker, so that they can then get things themselves. Second: if you absolutely must build any infrastructure, make sure that it’s in service to something else, like a wildlife viewing facility or a prison. Third: use as many fancy words as possible to make it sound like you’re keeping busy. Target and deploy your dislocated coal workers to maximize creative potential so that we can create a thriving and diverse restorative economy in the mountains.

And finally, the fourth and most important thing: remember that you don’t actually owe anybody anything, that the government has ceased delivering people even their most basic needs, that it has in fact altogether stopped caring if they live or die. Remember that agencies like the Appalachian Regional Commission exist first and foremost to facilitate industry, and that the grant they’ve given you is meant to be deployed for that purpose. Remember that the story you tell is more important than the work you do, which should never amount to more than attending conferences and joining conference calls. And through it all, don’t forget to tell your friends and family that you’re helping the poor people of Appalachia who are too dumb and broke and demoralized and addicted to help themselves.

Right now, the hillbillies are a rich seam of grant money. Capitalists, being opportunists, will always flock when they see one.”

…

“In rolling out the POWER Initiative, the Obama administration rarely mentioned poverty; the rhetoric was all about the middle class and their well-paying, skilled jobs. The elite no longer have to manage the lower classes through ambitious national political projects; their single-minded obsession with preserving the middle class does that for them, because it provides a bulwark against working-class solidarity.

Those of us who do want a better world often find our efforts stymied by projects claiming to be progressive. The single most important legacy of the War on Poverty is the creation of a massive nonprofit industry in poor, rural areas like Appalachia. As Goldstein writes, “For a select few, antipoverty programs were a means toward political mobility and professional advancement as representatives or intermediaries for the poor. Funding made possible the development of a new class of local political leaders and nonprofessional social workers habituated to the routines of the political process.”

These leaders and nonprofessional social workers have never gone away. They tell us every day that the way to turn around our prospects is to work within the system, to be nice to our politicians and oligarchs so that they’ll give us nice things in return, to work out and eat right so we might deserve those nice things. Meanwhile, infrastructure continues to crumble and working people struggle to put food on the table. But at least, thanks to the POWER initiative, we can work out our abs on the walking trail to liberation.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>charitableindustrialcomplex philanthropicindustrialcomplex waronpoverty nonprofit nonprofits 2019 rural appalachia revitalization loops powerprogram funding class solidarity ideology capitalism poverty inequality statusquo workingwithinthesystem kentucky westvirginia tarenceray management disastercapitalism gentrification profit philanthropy charities charity</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:e94a6653a82e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:charitableindustrialcomplex"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:philanthropicindustrialcomplex"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:waronpoverty"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nonprofit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nonprofits"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2019"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:rural"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:appalachia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:loops"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:powerprogram"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:funding"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:class"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:solidarity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:ideology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:capitalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:poverty"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:statusquo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:workingwithinthesystem"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:kentucky"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:westvirginia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:tarenceray"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:management"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:disastercapitalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:gentrification"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:profit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:philanthropy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:charities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:charity"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://xiaoweiwang.com/spicytakes/2019-05-01/post">
    <title>notes from the periphery | spicytakes [Futures/futurities for The Redirect at SFMOMA]</title>
    <dc:date>2019-08-27T19:05:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://xiaoweiwang.com/spicytakes/2019-05-01/post</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["For this talk, I was asked to present a vision of the future, guided by a series of questions sent to me. I am very grateful for these questions, the chance to present a vision. But I was unable to conjure a vision of the future.

Instead, I will try the difficult task of describing the present as I see it, and perhaps somewhere our views might overlap – difficult these days. For me, traveling through the world, through China, through the US can be time travel enough.

I see the hyperspeed of the Bay Area, as a black Tesla scrapes against a parked car in slow motion, outside a historic black church in Oakland, next to a new brunch spot. Churchgoers and Sunday brunchers mix in a line that goes around the corner, spirituality and community threaded. A homeless man sells print media, as brunchers are glued to their phones. Depending on who you ask these days, Oakland is in the middle of a tech induced decline or a creative renaissance, or both. Survival at the edges.

I can describe to you a warp speed visit to Shenzhen, in its tech culture that remixes and hacks parts into new forms of hardware, hardware that hold an exuberant virality. In Shenzhen’s lack of intellectual property rights, I see entirely modular phones that make repair easy, unlike the cypher of an iPhone. There are phones with built in compasses that point to Mecca, earbuds that sell like hotcakes in Nairobi, co-designed by young Kenyan and Chinese entrepreneurs.

The death of intellectual property rights means a death to a human right, the assumed human right towards claiming invention. It spells a death to the elevated, individual genius. In much of Western media this death is noted as deeply problematic: copy cat culture in Shenzhen, the Chinese inability to innovate, only steal.

In Shenzhen I interview a prominent member of the maker movement who calls herself a cyborg. She brings up the deep contradictions of Western views on innovation. Why was it, she tells me, that the girls she grew up with in Shenzhen, who went on to work as factory girls in electronics factories were seen as mindless drones, while a few miles away, she soldered on Youtube and was heralded as a maker movement star? In this challenge to an Enlightenment era construction of humanity, of a purity of invention, I think of Sylvia Wynter’s wise words. “…The struggle of our new millennium will be one between the ongoing imperative of securing the well-being of our present ethnoclass (i.e., Western bourgeois) conception of the human”, she writes. And this line between security and uncertainty I believe, marks so much of our relationship to technology. the moment, as the computer scientist Terry Winogrand writes about, as the moment where we ascribe rationality to machine and the ongoing obsession with who is human.

I travel to another fold in time, rural Shandong China, in a Taobao village. In this village, over 70% of households make products at home for Taobao.com, an e-commerce platform made by the Chinese tech giant Alibaba. In rural Taobao land, the laws of Taobao supersede government laws. Farmers toil in the fields and during holiday seasons, they make costumes in home workshops for customers from Shanghai to Hanoi. One farmer is now a millionaire. I wander through fields, judging and gauging, ready to indict the viscitudes of platform capitalism, worried of a future where an entire village uses Alibaba’s mobile payment system, of tech led credit ratings. Of being beholden to Alibaba forever, amidst a village Taobao kindergarten and a Taobao hotel. The number of Taobao villages have skyrocketed, with more to come under Alibaba’s Rural Development Strategy. Other companies, like Foxconn are beginning to understand this spatial fix, this moving inward into the countryside, leaving expensive cities, like Shenzhen. Last year, Foxconn opened a 300,000 person iphone factory in Henan. All of this, under a loose policy by the government of “rural revitalization” – a nod to the rise of industrialized farming and the tech economy that must replace it.

I ask one farmer, who is also a Taobao producer, about his concerns for the future of his village’s close ties to Taobao.

He tells me that “the future” is a concept created if you believe that everything in the present is imperfect. He says that here, in the fields, in the long dark of winters, is the revelation that the universe is perfect as is. It is up to us to maintain it. There is no future, because every day depends on precariously balancing the present.

So if the future is produced, what does it mean to hold still the present? When we speak of crisis and apocalypse in the future, what needs do those words serve? Who’s needs do they serve? I think of an interview with indigenous sci-fi writer Rebecca Roanhorse. In it, she says “I think Native folks have already experienced an apocalypse, all the sort of dystopian tropes you see in movies, we’ve experienced those — our land lost, our children taken away, sent to schools and things like that. And we’ve survived.”

To hold still the present for a moment, means facing the different threads of time that weave our understanding of technology, of who we construct as the human, of what we construct as technology to begin with. After all, technology itself is a produced concept, as historian Ruth Oldenziel has documented: it was Thorsten Veblen who came up with the idea that technology is something that engineers produce. Before that, the loose umbrella of how-to was an unelevated, technical art that anyone (including) could attend to.

In a constructed futurity: who has the right to the future, who is left to steward the present? I think of software and how its builders dream of changing the world, while underneath, labor and geographic peripheries power copper mines and data centers. I think of how much work we have if we commit to the project of revolution, and who really does the work.

I wonder who are the people who must agree to the fictions someone else wrote, and those who are powerful enough to write fictions for the rest of us? I am not good at inscribing fiction, because I am still unlearning everyday the concrete and psychological fictions someone else has written.

And spending time in the Chinese countryside trying to unravel rural technology use, economic prosperity and nationalism, I begin to realize my questions are all insufficient. The mismatch is my urban understanding of time, the fictions that I have learned. Life in one village still centers around the agricultural calendar. In the agricultural calendar there are nine days in a week. Because of this, I never get the market days right.

When I finally figure out the days, I walk by people stirring sesame oil in a giant wok, all sorts of contraptions to distill, boil, assemble, nourish. If Veblen could divide realms into technology or not, surely these contraptions can be technologies too. And if we already live in a world where time travel is possible simply by traveling through multiple understandings of time and talking to others, what happens when there are multiple understandings of technology? If we embrace multitudes, what happens to the desire for a singular future, for reassurance, or our even our desires for certainty?"]]></description>
<dc:subject>xiaoweiwang 2019 rural shenzhen china manufacturing alibaba taobao capitalism platformcapitalism ruraldevelopmentstrategy foxconn revitalization ruralrevitalization future bayarea oakland peripheries nairobi present futures countryside</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:cef549ada5db/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:xiaoweiwang"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2019"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:rural"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:shenzhen"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:china"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:manufacturing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:alibaba"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:taobao"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:capitalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:platformcapitalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:ruraldevelopmentstrategy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:foxconn"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:ruralrevitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:future"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:bayarea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:oakland"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:peripheries"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nairobi"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:present"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:futures"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:countryside"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/view/22155">
    <title>Coyote is not a metaphor: On decolonizing, (re)claiming and (re)naming “Coyote” | Risling Baldy | Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education &amp; Society</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-04T00:40:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://decolonization.org/index.php/des/article/view/22155</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This article examines Indigenous oral traditions as methodologies for decolonization by extending Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang’s (2012) settler moves to innocence to include “colonial parallelism.” This article also looks at how western attempts at colonial parallelism have resulted in Coyote First Person being compared to and identified with “trickster” characters and argues that drawing this colonial parallelism of Coyote First Person as part of a universal trickster archetype renders Coyote First Person as a metaphor and erases how Coyote First Person actually builds and supports Indigenous ideas about the world and unsettles western ideas about the world. Ultimately this article asks readers to consider that, as we engage with Coyote First Person as a philosopher and philosophy of decolonization discourse, we should consider how the (re)naming of Coyote, rather than Coyote First Person or the given Indigenous language name, speaks to our theoretical standpoint."]]></description>
<dc:subject>coyote coyoyes trickster decolonization coyotefirstperson language colonialparallelism 2015 kwayneyang evetuck oralhistory revitalization cutcharislingbaldy wayneyang</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:7325d6bef8c1/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coyote"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coyoyes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:trickster"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:decolonization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coyotefirstperson"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:language"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:colonialparallelism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2015"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:kwayneyang"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:evetuck"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:oralhistory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cutcharislingbaldy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:wayneyang"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.mnn.com/your-home/remodeling-design/blogs/in-rural-alabama-student-architects-jump-start-a-neglected-park">
    <title>In rural Alabama, student architects jump-start a neglected park | MNN - Mother Nature Network</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-27T18:55:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.mnn.com/your-home/remodeling-design/blogs/in-rural-alabama-student-architects-jump-start-a-neglected-park</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A shift from architectural showstoppers to “in-between areas”
In 2012, Rural Studio’s citizen architects doubled up again for two distinct Lions Park projects.
 
The first, Lions Park Scout Hut, is just that — a handsome new home for the local Boy Scout and Cub Scout troops that have long served as environmental stewards of the park. The log cabin-inspired facility is equipped with restrooms, storage areas, woodstove and a kitchen that’s sizable enough to handle the Scout’s annual catfish fry fundraiser. As noted by Architectural Record, “the hut's dimensions were determined largely by the space required to house two travel trailers and the imperative to accommodate an elevated track for the Pinewood Derby — the legendary Cub Scouts model car race. Pack 13 wanted the longest one they could have: 48 feet.”
 
In tandem with the Scout Hut, the second thesis team — Alex Henderson along with Jessica Cain, Mary Melissa Yohn and Benjamin Johnson – embarked on the Lions Park Landscape project. Although this project did not yield razzle-dazzle restrooms, crowd-drawing concrete half-pipes or a Tom Kundig-esque atelier, it served as a vital — and much needed – step in the transformation of Lions Park: it visually ties everything together.
 
As explained by Henderson, Lions Park’s turnaround has progressed in a somewhat piecemeal fashion. Certain areas were lavished with a fair amount of attention while other areas — the “in-between areas” as Henderson calls them — were left largely untouched. The balance was off-kilter. Lions Parks, home to several new eye-catching structures that had attracted the attention of the global architecture community, was still rough around the edges.

“The goal was to give all of the park’s empty spaces a name and character,” says Henderson. “We were trying to give all of the park attention.”
 
To beautify the areas around the new sports facilities and make the park a more appealing place to simply relax and unwind, Henderson and his peers planted a large number (about 170) and a wide variety of trees — white oak, eastern redbud, bald cypress, red maple, flowering dogwood and others. The team also created a quartet of rain gardens to better manage stormwater runoff while tackling assorted landscaping odd-and-ends that tie disparate sections of the park together into a cohesive whole. Additionally, the team devised a long-term maintenance plan, not just for the park’s landscaped elements but for infrastructure as well.
 
The maintenance conversation is still an on-going one that centers around the central question: how can a city, a city that’s modest in both size and affluence like Greensboro, successfully use limited resources to maintain a park for the long-haul?
 
As Henderson points out, “you don’t want to build something that can’t be taken care of.”
 
One solution now underway is the transition from a joint-ownership model towards a single ownership scenario in which the city of Greensboro would main control over the park. A first-ever parks and recreation board consisting of a council of appointees would be formed to direct management and oversee a small annual budget.
 
For now, Lions Park, along with a few pocket parks scattered around town, are maintained by the city road crew — the same folks responsible for fixing potholes, picking up litter and mowing the lawn in front of the county courthouse. It’s a big job for these city employees, whom Henderson refers to as the “unsung community heroes.” In the future, a small maintenance team would be assembled to exclusively attend to Greensboro parks to ensure that they receive the attention they need."]]></description>
<dc:subject>ruralstudio alabama greensboro architecture design auburn matthickman 2015 parks revitalization sammockbee andrewfreear</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:844f257b7caf/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:ruralstudio"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:alabama"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:greensboro"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:architecture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:design"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:auburn"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:matthickman"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2015"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:parks"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sammockbee"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:andrewfreear"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diy-manifesto.com/">
    <title>DIY Manifesto | Une ode à la ville du Do-It-Yourself !</title>
    <dc:date>2014-11-03T22:05:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diy-manifesto.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Previously: http://detroitjetaime.com/about/ ]

[See also: http://stocktown.com/detroit-diy-manifesto/
http://www.cityfarmer.info/2014/05/11/3-acres-in-detroit/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>diy hacking urbanfarming mobility bikes biking documentary detroit noramandray hélènebienvenu fabienneservan-schreiber davidbigiaoui urbangardening urban urbanism cities revitalization diymanifesto</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:2e221bd3e7c0/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:diy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:hacking"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanfarming"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:mobility"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:bikes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:biking"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:documentary"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:detroit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:noramandray"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:hélènebienvenu"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:fabienneservan-schreiber"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:davidbigiaoui"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbangardening"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:diymanifesto"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://rebuild-foundation.org/">
    <title>Rebuild Foundation</title>
    <dc:date>2014-07-12T06:30:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://rebuild-foundation.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Rebuild Foundation catalyzes neighborhood revitalization through artistic practices, individual empowerment and community engagement. We accomplish this by:

Activating underutilized spaces in the community with arts and cultural programming.

Providing opportunities and spaces for neighbors to come together and engage in meaningful exchanges that spark collaborative action.

Empowering artists and creative individuals to realize their potential as community change agents.

Investing in the development of the skills and talents of local residents to catalyze entrepreneurial efforts."

…

"Rebuild Foundation, a not-for-profit creative engine focused on cultural-driven redevelopment and affordable space initiatives in under-resourced communities, currently manages projects in Chicago, St. Louis and Omaha. Our programs enlist teams of artists, architects, developers, educators, community activists, and residents who work together to integrate the arts, apprenticeship trade training and creative entrepreneurship into a community-driven process of neighborhood transformation. Rebuild engages an artistic practice which uses as its medium the urban fabric of under-resourced districts, bridging the creation of art with adaptive reuse of abandoned spaces and community-driven initiatives for neighborhood revitalization.

Rebuild Foundation is the creation of Chicago native, artist, urban planner, and Wall Street Journal 2012 Innovator of the Year, Theaster Gates, Jr. who has conducted innovative renovation of unused spaces and community service activities through his art practice since 2005. Rebuild received its official 501©3 status in December 2010, and immediately continued Gates’ work leveraging creative community resources to build thriving neighborhoods. We act as a catalyst in local economies by integrating arts and cultural programming, workforce enhancement, creative entrepreneurial investment, hands-on education, and artistic intervention. Rebuild began creating cultural programming in Gates' renovated and repurposed buildings first in the Greater Grand Crossing neighborhood of Chicago’s South Side. Next, Rebuild established operations in the Hyde Park neighborhood of St. Louis, activating two residential spaces of Gates'. Soon after, Rebuild entered a partnership with Beyond Housing to establish a programming hub from one of their neighborhood spaces in the north St. Louis community of Pagedale. Also in 2011, Rebuild began a partnership with the Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts in Omaha to activate a derelict bank building with renovation, arts programming, and the incubation of a local small business.

Rebuild hosted the 2012 Bruner Loeb Forum "The Art of Placemaking" conference and will break ground on the Dorchester Artist Housing Collaborative in 2013 with the Chicago Housing Authority, transforming an empty housing project into a 36-unit complex with mixed income housing and a community arts center for programming, performance, and arts exhibition.

Rebuild Foundation has received funding support from ArtPlace, Creative Capital Foundation, JB and MK Pritzker Foundation, Kanter Family Foundation, Kresge Foundation, Surdna Foundation, Leveraging Investments in Creativity, W. Clement & Jessie V. Stone Foundation, University of Chicago, and others."]]></description>
<dc:subject>chicago art artists theastergates rebuildfoundation revitalization community participatory neighborhoods activism collaboration omaha stlouis place placemaking</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:c1ff9b433295/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:chicago"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:art"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:artists"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:theastergates"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:rebuildfoundation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:community"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:participatory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:neighborhoods"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:activism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:collaboration"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:omaha"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:stlouis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:place"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:placemaking"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpRZH6TZiJs">
    <title>▶ IdeasLabs 2012 - Carol Becker - Creative Urbanization - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2013-11-25T22:22:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpRZH6TZiJs</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>carolbecker cities revitalization creativeurbanization urban urbanization urbanism 2012 gentrification</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:b5782f011783/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:carolbecker"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:creativeurbanization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2012"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:gentrification"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://betterblock.org/">
    <title>The Better Block</title>
    <dc:date>2012-08-23T22:28:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://betterblock.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Cities around the U.S. are looking for tools to help redevelop communities that enable multi-modal transportation while increasing economic development, and reducing carbon emissions. The “Better Block” project is a demonstration tool that acts as a living charrette so that communities can actively engage in the buildout process and provide feedback in real time. This site is dedicated to providing news, information, and utilities to help cities develop their own Better Block projects and to create a resource for best practices."

[via: http://www.good.is/post/better-block-bottom-up-urban-reboot-in-a-single-weekend/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>betterblock participation urban design revitalization urbanrevitalization sustainability planning urbanism urbanplanning</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:8f9806eac87b/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:betterblock"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:participation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:design"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanrevitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sustainability"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:planning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanplanning"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.npr.org/2012/08/02/156980469/marfa-texas-an-unlikely-art-oasis-in-a-desert-town">
    <title>Marfa, Texas: An Unlikely Art Oasis In A Desert Town : NPR</title>
    <dc:date>2012-08-05T01:17:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.npr.org/2012/08/02/156980469/marfa-texas-an-unlikely-art-oasis-in-a-desert-town</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Johnson runs Marfa's bookstore, with an unsurprising emphasis on art books, art theory and poetry journals. Yoga classes are held there in the morning. It's the only place that sells The New York Times. But even though the Marfa Book Co. makes the town more tourist-friendly, Johnson does not believe Judd would approve of Marfa's emergence as a chic art world destination.

"He thought that making an arts-based cultural tourism was necessarily carnivalesque, which was, for him, anathema to the experience of art," he explains. "He knew that people would come see it, but he did not want that to be a large part of the economy, because he thought, socially, that would have a negative impact."…

We've never marketed…No marketing plan…No marketing director…

Unlike other towns that try to reinvent themselves as arts destinations, it has happened organically in Marfa…

…most newcomers are incredibly well-intentioned, but there's a give and take.

"Sometimes it feels like there's more taking,""]]></description>
<dc:subject>travel tourism 2012 donaldjudd cultureclash revitalization art chinatifoundation marfa</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:26d1bb3e17a7/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:travel"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:tourism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2012"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:donaldjudd"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cultureclash"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:art"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:chinatifoundation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:marfa"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/sympathy-for-the-suburbs">
    <title>Next American City » Sympathy for the Suburbs</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-22T03:50:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/sympathy-for-the-suburbs</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["But Foreclosed seethes with disdain for the suburbs, and the lack of an empathetic understanding of how the suburbs function and are changing, ultimately makes the exhibit look less visionary than ignorant…

These radical visions that are so insensitive to the suburbs remind me of the Modernist public housing projects that were once foisted on inner cities. Created by well-intentioned but essentially ignorant architects and planners, those buildings made sense in theory but not in practice. They didn’t respond to the rhythms and needs of the people who would be housed there, because the architects didn’t really respect or understand the lives of poor people. MoMA should have found some architects who could love and live in the suburbs, showing us the way to make the most of suburban housing instead of wishing it didn’t exist."]]></description>
<dc:subject>hilarysample michaelmeredith losangeles oregon illinois california florida newjersey templeterrace theoranges cicero keizer rialto cities edglaeser misregistration repurposing revitalization infrastructure jeannegang WORKac foreclosed barrybergdoll housing andrewzago buellhypothesis moma design planning poverty urbanism urban architecture suburbia suburbs 2012 foreclosure housingbubble housingcrisis edwardglaeser</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:543e0bd7b6e7/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:hilarysample"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:michaelmeredith"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:losangeles"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:oregon"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:illinois"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:california"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:florida"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:newjersey"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:templeterrace"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:theoranges"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cicero"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:keizer"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:rialto"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:edglaeser"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:misregistration"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:repurposing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:infrastructure"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:jeannegang"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:WORKac"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:foreclosed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:barrybergdoll"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:housing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:andrewzago"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:buellhypothesis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:moma"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:design"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:planning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:poverty"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:architecture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:suburbia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:suburbs"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2012"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:foreclosure"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:housingbubble"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:housingcrisis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:edwardglaeser"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.tnr.com/article/metro-policy/the-detroit-project?page=0,0">
    <title>The Detroit Project | The New Republic [via: http://archinect.com/news/article.php?id=95178_0_24_0_C]</title>
    <dc:date>2010-01-24T07:15:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.tnr.com/article/metro-policy/the-detroit-project?page=0,0</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["All this might make Detroit seem like the most hopeless case in the global history of the city. But it is hardly the worst and certainly not hopeless. Europe is filled with cities that have risen from similarly miserable conditions. ... Bilbao Ria spent 184 million euros on site cleanup; the provincial and regional governments kicked in 144 million euros--the full cost--for the Frank Gehry–designed Guggenheim museum. But the city also created a new metro system and a tram line for the revitalized waterfront. Airports, ports, and regional train systems were also modernized. And, critically, the city spent two decades and one billion euros (mostly from higher levels of government) on a new water-sanitation system to keep untreated household and industrial waste out of the river, which would make waterfront development possible."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>urbanplanning detroit cities us architecture manufacturing innovation urbanism development planning preservation regeneration industrial urban bilbao turin michigan revitalization</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:1d989579c945/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanplanning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:detroit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:us"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:architecture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:manufacturing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:innovation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:development"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:planning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:preservation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:regeneration"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:industrial"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:bilbao"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:turin"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:michigan"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/arts/design/30urba.html?ex=1322542800&amp;en=f3474c7abd88119f&amp;ei=5090&amp;partner=rssuserland&amp;emc=rss">
    <title>Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit - &quot;Seeing the Seediness, and Celebrating It&quot; - New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2006-12-01T04:11:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/arts/design/30urba.html?ex=1322542800&amp;en=f3474c7abd88119f&amp;ei=5090&amp;partner=rssuserland&amp;emc=rss</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["But the design springs from a profound rethinking of what constitutes urban revitalization. Designed by Andrew Zago, its intentionally raw aesthetic is conceived as an act of guerrilla architecture, one that accepts decay as fact rather than attempt to c
]]></description>
<dc:subject>architecture design urban urbanism revitalization detroit art museums graffiti streetart</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:ecafdbdb28bc/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:architecture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:design"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:urbanism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:revitalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:detroit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:art"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:museums"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:graffiti"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:streetart"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>