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    <title>Mapping the ADL’s Origins in Settler-Colonial Liberalism, State Power, &amp; Civil Rights as Cover... - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2026-07-04T06:17:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56ZWnjnN7Vc</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this episode we are joined by Emmaia Gelman, author of The Anti-Defamation League and the Racial State, a critical history of the ADL as a Cold War neoconservative institution. Gelman excavates the Anti-Defamation League's origins as a white, settler colonial institution founded by German-Jewish elites—not to combat antisemitism broadly, but to manage class respectability and suppress Eastern European Jewish immigrant socialists whom they viewed as a racial and social threat. 

 Gelman looks back at how early Jewish settlers had built fortunes through participation in 19th-century US territorial expansion, Indigenous dispossession, and slavery's economic system, understanding themselves as white Europeans racially distinct from the "vermin" arriving from the Pale of Settlement. The ADL and its predecessor, the American Jewish Committee (founded 1906), operated as Progressive Era eugenicist charities designed to "correct and fix" rather than support self-determination, preemptively capturing Jewish political identity to prevent autonomous radical organizing.

 Gelman traces how the ADL evolved from an instrument of McCarthyite purges—coordinating mass firings of Jewish leftists in 1951, offering its services to McCarthy committee members, and abandoning Julius and Ethel Rosenberg to execution while denying antisemitism played any role in their prosecution (the judge who sentenced them sat on the ADL's Civil Rights Committee)—into a key architect of Cold War anti-communism and neoconservative "democracy promotion." The organization attacked Arab League representatives speaking about Zionist violence in Palestine as early as 1946, treating Palestinian and Arab organizing as "foreign insurgency" while framing Jewish fundraising for Israeli settlement as natural civic participation. After Israel's 1967 military victory, the ADL strategically re-racialized Jews as non-white within the framework of race liberalism, allowing it to cast Israeli militarism as defensive racial liberation and Arab calls for refugee return as antisemitic rather than anti-colonial. This racial pivot occurred precisely as European Jews had achieved economic whiteness through the GI Bill, suburbanization, and the collapse of university quotas—benefits systematically denied to Black populations through redlining.

 Emmaia Gelman is the author of The Anti-Defamation League and the Racial State, a critical history of the Anti-Defamation League as a Cold War neoconservative institution (UC Press, 2026) and co-editor of The Anti-Defamation League: A Critical Reader (Pluto Press, 2026). She co-hosts the podcast Unpacking Zionism. Emmaia is co-chair of the American Studies Association Caucus on Academic and Community Activism, and a longtime activist in New York City.

 She is the founding director of the Institute for the Critical Study of Zionism, which examines the political and ideological work of Zionist institutions in Palestine and transnational contexts. She researches the history of ideas about race, queerness, safety, and rights, and their production as levers in surveillance, “anti-terror”, and war. Her teaching spans academic and community spaces."

[also here:
https://millennialsarekillingcapitalism.libsyn.com/mapping-the-adls-origins-in-settler-colonial-liberalism-state-power-civil-rights-as-cover-with-emmaia-gelman 

See also:

The Anti-Defamation League and the Racial State, by Emmaia Gelman (2026)
https://www.ucpress.edu/books/the-anti-defamation-league-and-the-racial-state/hardcover 

Institute for the Critical Study of Zionism
https://criticalzionismstudies.org/ ]]]></description>
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    <title>Descolonización del patrimonio en Puerto Rico con Rafael Capó García y Javier Arbona-Homar • Sur-Urbano</title>
    <dc:date>2026-07-03T22:56:24+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Puerto Rico: Un archipiélago que, cada año, recibe a millones de turistas. Muchos de estos visitantes llegan a un lugar que, por décadas, se ha posicionado en una ruta de consumo caribeño – un lugar famoso por fantasías tropicales de ron, cigarros, café y, más recientemente, reggaetón. Si queremos ser más específicos, el Viejo San Juan, el sector colonial de la capital de Puerto Rico, está organizado en torno a satisfacer al visitante con sus restaurantes de comida criolla, coctelerías, tiendas y una proliferación de alquileres a corto plazo. Pero este modelo termina volviéndose insostenible para quienes la habitan. Detrás de las campañas publicitarias cuidadosamente diseñadas para atraer a turistas a un destino familiar y convenientemente situado “dentro” de los Estados Unidos, se oculta una historia incómoda de guerra, racismo y represión violenta.

Hay muchas personas en Puerto Rico cuestionando el espacio público y excavando las historias que existen debajo de cada monumento, de cada estatua, de cada ciudad y su infraestructura. Una de esas personas es Rafael Capó García, el fundador de Memoria (De)Colonial – un proyecto en Puerto Rico que ofrece recorridos históricos en San Juan. Los guías interrogan los legados coloniales de la herencia y el patrimonio puertorriqueño. Esto lo hacen a través de un lente decolonial y antirracista, y el proyecto tiene como misión promover perspectivas críticas en el momento de acercarnos a un monumento histórico. Pueden conocer más de su proyecto aquí:

https://memoriadecolonial.com/

Para pensar más en este acercamiento hacia los monumentos, nos sentamos también con Javier Arbona-Homar, un profesor puertorriqueño en UC Davis quien se enfoca en el diseño y en los estudios explosivos, es decir, cómo las explosiones transformaron la política espacial de los paisajes. Pueden encontrar su libro más reciente, “Explosivity Following What Remains”, aquí:

https://www.upress.umn.edu/9781517918842/explosivity/ "]]></description>
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    <title>We Investigated The Biggest Government Fraud In America. You're Paying For It. - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2026-07-02T03:23:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpmIaajDfcM</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Arizona has a huge school voucher program, and the money is being spent in shocking ways — lingerie, Xboxes, Disney vacations.

The vouchers were sold as helping poor kids, but the money is going to rich families and private schools, while public schools close and suffer."]]></description>
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    <title>DEBATE: Who is Responsible for &quot;Woke?&quot; (with Musa al-Gharbi) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2026-06-26T05:13:05+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Author of We Were Never Woke: The Cultural Contradictions of a New Elite and professor in the School of Journalism at Stony Brook University, joins Bad Faith to discuss his historical review of the history of "wokeness," why it cyclically emerges and declines over the decades, and the dangers the "symbolic capitalism" class present to the pursuit of economic equality. Though there's much agreement on the pernicious effects of woke identity politics, we debate our different theories of who is responsible for "woke," and assess whether Tuesday's big DSA wins in New York herald the end of the establishment's superficial identity driven "woke" politics."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.404media.co/are-public-libraries-becoming-childrens-libraries/">
    <title>Are Public Libraries Becoming Children’s Libraries?</title>
    <dc:date>2026-06-23T06:55:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.404media.co/are-public-libraries-becoming-childrens-libraries/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Books written for younger audiences are being relocated to adult sections at alarming rates. We asked experts to predict what that means for the rest of us."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://educationwars.substack.com/p/tied-up-in-knots">
    <title>Tied Up in Knots - by Jennifer Berkshire</title>
    <dc:date>2026-06-12T13:35:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://educationwars.substack.com/p/tied-up-in-knots</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["For the 'reform' wing of the Democratic Party, education is a knotty business"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://sfstandard.com/2026/06/06/sfusd-willie-brown-middle-school-miracle/">
    <title>The middle school miracle: How an SF school went from ‘carnage’ to a waitlist | The San Francisco Standard</title>
    <dc:date>2026-06-07T01:00:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://sfstandard.com/2026/06/06/sfusd-willie-brown-middle-school-miracle/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The $54 million Willie Brown Middle School was to be the pride of SFUSD. Then it cracked apart. Now its principal has led a once-unthinkable turnaround."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/one-more-time-the-average-american">
    <title>One More Time: The Average American K-12 Student is Doing Fine Relative to the International Baseline</title>
    <dc:date>2026-05-20T06:14:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/one-more-time-the-average-american</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["and problems relative to the historical baseline are happening around the world"

...

"I’ve pointed this reality out within larger arguments many times before, but I feel like I need to put it down as its own thing. In particular, the comments on this post got me thinking that maybe I haven’t made the point directly enough: the average K-12 student in the United States is doing fine. Even if you don’t accept my overall position on our education system and its perceived problems, that is true. Even if you think that poor educational performance is straightforwardly the product of teachers or schools or policy or pedagogy, which I very much disagree with, that is true. So much of our discourse on American public education relies on a crisis narrative that simply is not justifiable based on data.

It’s a persistent and bipartisan conviction in our media: are public schools are in a state of crisis, producing functionally illiterate graduates, falling far behind international peers, and failing an entire generation. This narrative is repeated so often that it’s become axiomatic, in the sense that people who say it feel that they don’t have to justify the claim with evidence. If we do look at the evidence, however, we’ll find a far different story, a more complicated and more hopeful story. To whit:

• The average American public school student performs quite respectably in an international context

• American students at the upper end of the distribution are world-class by any objective measure

• Recent test score declines that people worry about mirror declines across the entire developed world, and are therefore not a distinctively American pathology.

• The genuine crisis in American education is geographically and sociologically concentrated in a small number of profoundly disadvantaged districts, not distributed evenly across the system.

• The famous finding that Americans give their local schools much higher grades than they give “American schools” in the abstract turns out, on inspection, to be perfectly rational.

***

When Americans encounter headlines about international test scores, the framing is almost always one of failure: the U.S. is “behind,” “lagging,” or “falling.” But this framing depends heavily on selectively reading the data. The most authoritative international benchmark is the OECD’s PISA, or Program for International Student Assessment, which tests 15-year-olds across 81 countries in mathematics, reading, and science every three years. In the most recent 2022 results, released in December 2023, the United States outperformed the vast majority of the world."

...

"Hell, the OECD’s own country profile for the United States notes that the percentage of top performers across all three subjects combined is one of the highest among PISA-participating countries, and 14% of U.S. students scored at Level 5 or higher in reading, double the OECD average of 7%. The U.S. also reached its highest-ever share of top science performers,11%, compared to the OECD average of 7%. None of this is the profile of a failing education system. It’s the profile of a large, diverse nation educating a uniquely heterogeneous population at or above world norms. And you can only participate in the fiction that we’re a uniquely poorly-performing country if you a) are ideologically inclined to hold that view and b) don’t bother to check the stats.

Ah, but a constant claim from my commenters is that our system does not serve their kids, who are gifted and talented, exceptional, most likely to succeed. Setting aside just how statistically unlikely it is that all of you really have exceptionally bright children… guys, with the possible exception of truly unrepresentative countries like Singapore, there is nowhere else in the world that I’d rather raise an exceptional student than the United States. Our record in that regard is truly remarkable; we have produced a hugely disproportionate number of the most quantitatively and competitively accomplished students, relative to our population size. The PISA averages obscure a real feather in the cap of the America system: our best students, including at public schools specifically, are among the best in the world at what they do. Our best kids kill it in international academic competitions year after year, but because that doesn’t fit the narrative, that accomplishment is ignored by our media and pundit class."

...

"OK, so what about recent declines? Isn’t the United States seeing major and unprecedented declines in many academic metrics? Well, this is why international context is as important as (or more important than) historical context: the declines are major but not unprecedented, precisely because those declines are happening all over the developed world. I just wrote a post that looks at this reality extensively and with graphs. If you’re concerned with American academic declines, you have to grapple with the fact that every comparable country experienced the same declines at the same time, which strongly implies a common cause rather than a uniquely American failure.

I don’t want to waste your time by re-prosecuting the case I made in that recent post. But let me make this point plain: the 2022 PISA results showed an unprecedented worldwide collapse in scores."

...

"None of the above should be taken to deny that there is a genuine crisis in some schools in the United States. But to put it very mildly, those problems are not evenly distributed across the country’s approximately 13,000 school districts. Instead, our real problems are heavily concentrated in a relatively small number of urban and rural outlier districts facing overlapping and severe sociological and economic challenges. The average parent on the average American suburban town just doesn’t have much to worry about when it comes to their kid’s school. But parents in concentrated poverty very much do.

Look at the NAEP’s Trial Urban District Assessment program, which provides district-level data for 26 large urban districts. That data makes the concentration of our problems quite visible.

[details about Detroit, Cleveland, and Baltimore]

So here’s my question. Do you really think that these schools perform that way because they have teachers unions, just like many of the highest-performing affluent suburban school districts do? That all of the teachers who work in these districts, including all the Ivy League do-gooders who show up with only a yardstick and a dream to fix the system, are just that lazy and untalented? That they just refuse to open the three-ring binder with the “GOOD PEDAGOGY” label on the cover? Detroit, Cleveland, Baltimore, et al do not share common district policies, or common union contracts, or common teaching philosophies and pedagogy. They do share catastrophic rates of child poverty and endemic crime and unemployment problems! They do share extreme segregation, population collapse, and decades of disinvestment in their surrounding communities! As I have done many times in the past, I’ll ask you to consider what would happen if these inner-city schools simply swapped student populations with the schools in the richest nearby suburban districts. I don’t think anyone doubts that the Detroit students would still struggle if they went to Bloomfield Hills schools, or that Bloomfield Hills students would excel in Detroit Schools, even if we disagree on the margins. Well, that should guide your perception of the overall state of education in this country.

For the record, schools in comparable cities (Miami, Charlotte, Austin…) which serve diverse and lower-income populations, but within more economically stable metropolitan environments, consistently outperform the crisis districts on NAEP despite often spending significantly less per pupil. The crisis is not inherent to large, diverse urban systems. It is specific to places with extreme and compounding disadvantage. Meanwhile, the OECD country profile notes something rarely reported: the math performance of U.S. students in the bottom international decile of socioeconomic status ranks 6th out of 64 comparable nations. To reiterate: even America’s most disadvantaged students perform remarkably well, when considered against the world’s most disadvantaged students! Thus it is not even true to say that our lowest performing outliers are uniquely bad. The problem is not that American schools fail poor kids at an unusual rate. The problem is that some of our communities are poor to a degree that is extreme even by international standards, and those communities schools bear the full weight of that concentrated hardship.

The academic outcomes of these areas of extreme concentrated poverty and dysfunction are indeed disturbing. But then, what’s disturbing is the concentrated poverty and dysfunction themselves, not the NAEP and state standardized test scores which are ultimately just evidence of these problems. That’s what’s disturbing, the inequality and hopelessness in the most economically powerful country in the world. Blaming the schools is like blaming thermometers for global warming. It’s malpractice.

In general, America’s public schools are judged by averages that obscure more than they reveal. A relatively small number of deeply struggling district, typically serving students facing concentrated poverty, unstable housing, underfunded services, and other compounding disadvantages, pull national performance measures downward and create a misleading impression that the system as a whole is failing. Those schools matter, their students matter, and both schools and students deserve attention, investment, and reform. But it’s an analytical mistake as well as political senseless to treat the most distressed outliers as representative of American public education in general.

***

For as long as I’ve been reading and writing and researching about education and education policy, pollsters and journalists have expressed puzzlement (that is to say, condescension) at a persistent finding in American public opinion surveys: Americans think their own community’s schools are fine, even as they believe American education in general is in crisis. The Gallup Poll on Public Attitudes Toward Public Schools has shown this gap consistently since 1985. In the 2025 survey, for instance, only 13% of respondents gave the nation’s public schools an A or B rating, down from 26% in 2004… while 43% gave their own community’s schools an A or B. Public school parents are even more positive about their own child’s specific school. (So not just the local schools or the district schools but their kid’s school.) More than three-quarters of public school parents give their child’s school an A or B. The percentage who are completely or somewhat satisfied with their child’s education has never dropped below 68% since Gallup began asking in 1999, even through the pandemic years. Parents like the schools their kids go to. They’ve been propagandized about supposedly failing public schools by Jon Chait et al for so long that they believe America’s public school system is a lost cause. But it simply isn’t true.

This gap, the gap in the belief “American schools are bad, but my kid’s school is good,” is typically explained as parents being irrational, as a form of cognitive bias, an embarrassing refusal for parents to accept just how bad everything is. People are too emotionally attached to their own schools to see them clearly! But in light of everything above, a simpler and better explanation is available: the parents are largely right and the national narrative is largely wrong. And honestly, what should you trust more, a parent’s take on their own kid’s school, or their attitude towards schools in general? Which do they have better information on? Which do they have real experience with? Gallup itself has acknowledged that parent views of the schools their kids go to are based on direct experience, whereas American views of public education more generally are based largely on what they see in the media. Parents in Naperville, Illinois or Falls Church, Virginia or Newton, Massachusetts, or Palo Alto, California, whose kids attend schools that consistently produce excellence - they’re not wrong when they shrug at national crisis coverage. Their local experience is accurate; it just isn’t representative of Detroit. But why would we base our perception of the system on the worst examples within it… unless, like the usual suspects, we’re actively looking to undermine public education?

The policy implication of this diagnosis is quite different from the policy implication of the generic “American schools are failing” narrative. If the problem was distributed evenly, the solution would indeed be systemic reform - new national curricula, universal testing regimes, wholesale reorganization. But that’s just not the reality. The problem is, in fact, remarkably concentrated, and in very predictable places, places that struggle from all manner of social ills, the most obvious and consistent and powerful of them being systemic poverty and community breakdown. Therefore the solutions have to be concentrated too: large-scale targeted intervention in the specific districts with the greatest disadvantage, not only or even primarily in the schools but instead concentrated in community investment, economic development, and poverty reduction that might actually make durable improvement possible. You see, friends, panic that is misattributed to the wrong cause produces wrong solutions, wrong solutions like “fire the teachers, close the schools, private school vouchers for everyone.” Precision, which every wonk should strive for, is where genuine reform begins."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://theamericanvandal.substack.com/p/afteropenai?triedRedirect=true">
    <title>After OpenAI (Vandal Live at Wake Forest Humanities Institute)</title>
    <dc:date>2026-05-14T04:33:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theamericanvandal.substack.com/p/afteropenai?triedRedirect=true</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Apple Podcasts | Spotify

As part of the Spring Symposium at the Wake Forest Humanities Institute, Matt Seybold discusses the present and future of AI speculation, including an extended discussion with Wake Forest faculty, many who were part of WFHI’s Interdisciplinary Faculty Seminar on Language, Theory, & Artificial Intelligence.

Cast (in order of appearance): Jennifer Greiman, Matt Seybold, Derek Lee, Michaela Appeltova, Nisrine Rahal, Barry Trachtenberg, Jeff Bills-Solomon, Dean Franco, Amanda Gengler

Featured Guests

Jennifer Greiman is Professor of English at Wake Forest University and Director of The Humanities Institute there.

Matt Seybold is Associate Professor of American Literature & Mark Twain Studies at Elmira College, as well as resident scholar at the Center For Mark Twain Studies and executive producer of The American Vandal Podcast.

Episode Bibliography

Emily Bender & Alex Hanna, The AI Con (HarperCollins, 2025)

Emily Bender, Timnit Gebru, et al. “On The Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?” FAccT 2021

Tressie McMillan Cottom, “The Tech Fantasy That Powers AI is Running on Fumes” The New York Times (April 29, 2025)

Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (U California Press, 1984)

Virginia Dignum, The AI Paradox: How To Make Sense of a Complex Future (Princeton UP, 2026)

Ronan Farrow & Andrew Marantz, “Moment of Truth” The New Yorker (April 13, 2026)

Karen Hao, Empire of AI: Dreams & Nigthmares in Sam Altman’s Open AI (Penguin Random House, 2026)

Andy Hines, Outside Literary Studies: Black Criticism & The University (U Chicago Press, 2022)

E. D. Hirsch, Cultural Literacy (Houghton Mifflin, 1987)

Tyler Johnston, “The reporters at this new site are AI bots. OpenAI’s Super PAC appears to be funding it.” Model Republic (April 24, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum, “Grok is an Epistemic Weapon” Tech Policy Press (January 13, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum, “Texpocalypse Now: AI and The New Political Economy of Writing” PennAI (April 17, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum & Rita Raley, “AI & The University as a Service” PMLA (May 2024)

Christopher Newfield, Unmaking The Public University (Harvard UP, 2011)

Britt S. Paris, Radical Infrastructure: Imagining The Internet From The Ground Up (U. California, 2026)

Ann Pettifor, The Global Casino: How Wall Street Gambles with People & The Planet (Verso, 2026)

Ann Pettifor, “The Next Crisis is Coming” Politics Joe (April 1, 2026)

Ann Pettifor, “Is the next financial crisis only a matter of time?” De Balie (February 16, 2026)

Daniel Roher & Charlie Tyrell, The AI Doc, or How I Became An Apocaloptimist (2026)

Matt Seybold, “Against Technofeudal Education” The American Vandal (June 10, 2025)

Matt Seybold, “The Technofeudal Text” The American Vandal (August 25, 2025)

Matt Seybold, “Mamdani Win Could Be The First Step Towards Seizing The Means of Knowledge Production” The American Vandal (November 5, 2025)

Matt Seybold & Eric Hayot, “The ‘Crisis In The Humanities’ Is Over. That’s Not a Good Thing.” Chronicle Of Higher Education (December 29, 2025)

Matt Seybold & John Warner, “The Technology That’s Taking Your Freedom” Academic Freedom On The Line (February 3, 2026)

Matt Seybold et al, “The Secret History of Canvas LMS, Corporate Raiders, & The Chatbot Bubble” The American Vandal (March 24, 2026)

Matt Seybold et al, “HBCUs & The Philanthrocapitalist Swindle” The American Vandal (February 4, 2025)

Jacob Silverman, “The Death of an AI Whistleblower” The Nation (May 2026)

Nick Srnicek, Silicon Empires: The Fight For The Future of AI (Polity, 2026)

Ben Tarnoff, “Frankenstein’s Regret” The Nation (May 2026)

Wake Forest Humanities Institute, “Language, Theory, & Artificial Intelligence” (May 2026)

McKenzie Wark, Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse? (Verso, 2019)"]]></description>
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    <title>Flea | Where Everybody Knows Your Name - YouTube</title>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers drops in on his good friend Woody Harrelson and new friend Ted Danson! They’re going deep: creativity and spirituality, overcoming substance abuse, the words from Flea’s daughter that changed his life, his relationship with Los Angeles, and much more. Bonus: Flea hints at some compromising footage of Woody."

[happens to be wearing his F.P.Journe Octa Lune]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/when-people-say-they-want-good-schools">
    <title>When People Say They Want to Send Their Kid to a Good School, They Usually Mean Schools Without &quot;Bad Kids&quot;</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-24T20:43:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/when-people-say-they-want-good-schools</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["parents intuitively understand that a school's "quality" is a product of how its student body was selected"

...

"The notion that we should help students learn by purging the worst-performing, most-disruptive students is appealing to anyone who has ever witnessed a classroom torpedoed by a student who has no interest in learning, but of course it’s also dangerous. There’s an inherent inflationary tendency, when we’re defining the worst, least-committed students. Charter school roster-pruning can be, in some instances, sufficiently aggressive to root out students who have an interest in learning but limited talent. And those less-talented kids, below a certain age, have to end up somewhere; this is, indeed, core to the complaints of public school teachers, that they run the schools of last resort and are then blamed when many of their kids fail. From a broader perspective, we could be adults and admit that many parents who send their kids to private schools just want to avoid the “bad kids,” and that whether they admit it to themselves or not, they’re really talking about Black kids or poor kids. We had to have a Supreme Court decision outlawing segregation, followed by a massive desegregation effort that was never fully completed, because parents want their kids to be kept away from certain other kids. There is a more sympathetic version of this in the pro-charter-selectivity attitude, and as I’ve intimated, this version is very often made by Black parents who want their kids to escape their station. Whether we decide to give them what they want by engineering benevolent segregation or not, can we at least admit that that’s what we’re doing, and that the public schools who get their leftovers will inevitably look worse for that very reason?"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://unherd.com/2026/02/why-your-kid-hates-learning-apps/?edition=us">
    <title>The plot to replace teachers with tech</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-28T17:14:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://unherd.com/2026/02/why-your-kid-hates-learning-apps/?edition=us</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The popular i-Ready platform dulls young minds"

[archived:
https://archive.ph/hsvbh

via:

https://www.frontporchrepublic.com/2026/02/seeds-scribes-and-jeremiahs/

"John Allen Wooden eviscerates a major player in the ed-tech industry: “Partisan tribalists may blame their favorite villains — lazy union teachers and woke-ness for the Right, structural racism and poverty for the Left. But both political parties have been equally guilty of legislating more and more standardized testing over the past 25 years, creating an ideal environment for Big Tech to hawk ‘data-based’ panaceas like i-Ready. Marketed as a high-tech solution to lagging scores on government-mandated tests, i-Ready is used across 30-plus US states and a staggering 70% of the top-100 school districts, covering nearly half of elementary- and middle-school children. This, even though i-Ready has never been proved to successfully teach, immerses already-screen-addled kids in yet more screens, and in all likelihood is making America’s children quantifiably dumber.”"

and 

https://social.ayjay.org/2026/02/28/this-story-about-a-universally.html

"This story about a universally despised, utterly useless, and yet widely deployed e-learning app should remind us of a key truth: American schools at all levels will buy and mandate the use of anything that promises them cost savings. (And “cost savings” = “employing fewer humans.”) "]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://educationwars.substack.com/p/overselling-the-mississippi-miracle">
    <title>Overselling the Mississippi Miracle - by Jennifer Berkshire</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-27T22:37:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://educationwars.substack.com/p/overselling-the-mississippi-miracle</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nea.org/nea-today/all-news-articles/racist-beginnings-school-vouchers">
    <title>The Racist Beginnings of School Vouchers | NEA</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-27T22:09:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nea.org/nea-today/all-news-articles/racist-beginnings-school-vouchers</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["From segregation academies to universal “choice,” the hidden history shaping today’s voucher expansion."

...

"Voucher expansion is re-segregating schools by race and income and reflects a policy rooted in resistance to school integration.

Programs framed as equity tools often become subsidies for families with means.

The new federal voucher program risks scaling these harms nationwide."]]></description>
<dc:subject>vouchers schools schooling history race racism publicschools education 2026 brendaálvarez segregation inequality</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/no-thats-not-what-the-research-says">
    <title>No, That's Not What &quot;the Research&quot; Says About Exam Schools</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-18T02:00:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/no-thats-not-what-the-research-says</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>freddiedeboer schools schooling education testing pedagogy teaching howweteach 2026 jessicawinter inequality giftedandtalented publicschools atilaabdulkadiroğlu joshuaangrist paragpathak meritocracy nyc examschools china selectivity standardizedtesting douglasdetterman edunihilism sociaslmobility intelligence elitism patronage data egalitarianism charterschools sat enrollment admissions us achievement gpa nepotism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://missionlocal.org/2026/02/sfusd-teachers-strike-daniel-lurie/">
    <title>San Francisco's school district fumbled the teachers strike</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-14T06:27:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://missionlocal.org/2026/02/sfusd-teachers-strike-daniel-lurie/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The district’s write-the-term-paper-in-the-hallway strategy put it on the back foot"]]></description>
<dc:subject>2026 sfusd joeeskenazi strike schools publicschools labor danielluria mariasu teachers bargaining seiu cherylstevens journalism media unions organizing collectivebargaining</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://bayareacurrent.com/sf-public-school-educators-are-striking-for-the-first-time-in-47-years-and-thats-a-good-thing/">
    <title>SF Public School Educators Are Striking for the First Time in 47 Years — And That's a Good Thing.</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-10T22:23:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://bayareacurrent.com/sf-public-school-educators-are-striking-for-the-first-time-in-47-years-and-thats-a-good-thing/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The strike isn't just about saving public education. It's part of the fight against billionaire domination."

...

"Ultimately, the teachers' fight is a double-sided one: against short-sighted management of public education, but also against the logic of austerity. This logic falsely dictates that workers can never gain without a commensurate cut somewhere else. Money must keep funneling up, out of the workforce and into the pockets of a billionaire class, who increasingly feel that they need not launder their excess accumulation into philanthropy. Now, billionaires buy CBS, hand gold baubles to the President, gut their pet newspapers, and generally thumb their noses at the public."]]></description>
<dc:subject>california sanfrancisco education schools publicschools 2026 sfusd losangeles sandiego teachers austerity inequality history utla uesf covid-19 pandemic coronavirus 2023 strikes labor unions 2017 2020 billionaires workforce prop13 proposition13 1979 1968 funding eugeneviolet</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://48hills.org/2026/02/a-little-perspective-on-the-teacher-strike/">
    <title>A little perspective on the teacher strike - 48 hills</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-10T22:15:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://48hills.org/2026/02/a-little-perspective-on-the-teacher-strike/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Chron coverage of the looming strike at the SF School District has been, at times, surprisingly good. This piece, by Jill Tucker, explains the position of the teacher’s union pretty well:

“We did not come to this decision lightly,” said United Educators of San Francisco President Cassondra Curiel. “We want to be in our classrooms and school sites with all of our students. …. The district has every opportunity to come with the spirit and proposals to make a deal,” Curiel said. “This is like, the homework is due at midnight, and it’s 11:59.”

On the other hand, the Chron editorial board has been, not surprisingly, horrible.

MissionLocal has done a great job of covering the breaking news.

The SF Standard has a typical analysis, saying the problem “has no easy solution.”

Let me put this in a bit of context.

The main demands of the union—paid dependent health care and better working conditions and staffing for special education—would cost about $35 million.

San Francisco added about twice that to the Police Department budget this year, despite the lowest crime rate in 50 years.

The Board of Supes just approved giving $40 million in tax benefits to a luxury hotel in Soma.

A starting SF cop earns $119,000 a year, which is more than most teachers make after decades on the job, even with advanced degrees. A starting SFUSD teacher makes $79,000 a year.

Cops get health care for their families. Teaches have to pay as much as $1,200 a month ($4,400 a year, or about 5 percent of their pay) for family health care.

Many cops make in the high six figures, and after 30 years, they can retire with family health care for life at 90 percent base pay. Very few SFUSD teachers make more than $130,000. Their pensions are about half what the cops get.

The cops get paid for their training; teachers take out loans to pay for theirs.

If you don’t think quality education is a public safety issue, then you should be on the spaceship to Mars with Elon Musk. Why not make it simple: Cops and teachers should have pay and benefit parity.

Meanwhile, almost every unionized city employee (outside of the teachers) gets paid family health benefits. Why can’t the teachers be on the same city system?

The Chron loves stupid red herrings like algebra in eighth grade, but missing from this entire discussion: Revenue. Since Prop. 13, most of the money for local schools in California comes from the state. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is running for president, has balanced this year’s budget without making any effort to bring in more money from the 188 billionaires in the state; in fact, he opposes the billionaire tax.

From the California Budget and Policy Center:

<blockquote>“Governor Newsom’s reluctance to propose meaningful revenue solutions to help blunt the harm of federal cuts undermines his posture to counter the Trump administration. While the governor’s budget maintains and protects many current state programs, it leaves millions of Californians worse off as a result of federal cuts. The proposal will leave many Californians without food assistance and health care coverage. 

“Californians are facing mounting affordability pressures alongside unprecedented federal harm, including brutal attacks on immigrant communities. The sweeping Republican megabill, H.R. 1, delivers massive tax giveaways to the wealthiest households and highly profitable corporations and increases funding for harmful immigration detention and deportation efforts, while slashing funding for Medi-Cal, CalFresh, and other essential supports that millions of families and low-wage workers rely on. The Legislature cannot allow the cruelty of the federal administration and the governor’s reluctance to act boldly to dictate our future — they must act decisively to protect communities, prevent additional harm, and invest in the well-being of all Californians.</blockquote>

Mayor Daniel Lurie wants the two sides to come together to settle the strike. But Lurie also opposes the billionaire tax, opposes both local CEO taxes, and has done nothing, nothing, to push Newsom, his pal and ally, to raise taxes on the very rich in this very rich state.

Budgets are a statement of priorities. Lurie and Newsom have made theirs clear: Cops are more important than teachers. Billionaires are more important than public schools.

(I have no problem paying police officers a good salary, even though the SFPD spends a lot of money on copaganda. But teachers are at least as important as cops to society, and if we can afford to hire 500 more cops at six-figure starting pay, we can afford to pay the current teaches enough to live in this city.)

Also: Just 0.005 percent of the estimated $1 trillion wealth of just San Francisco’s billionaires would fund everything SFUSD needs. The net wealth of these folks increased 20 percent in the past year.

It’s an absolute disgrace that the teachers have to go on strike to make a living wage and to save special ed.

Priorities, folks."]]></description>
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    <title>Opinion | California’s teachers can’t fix low test scores alone</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-04T21:33:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://calmatters.org/commentary/2026/02/test-scores-schools-california-teachers/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["California’s latest standardized test results have triggered the usual alarm: Why are students underperforming? 

But the familiar narrative — blaming teachers, curriculum or school culture — misses deeper structural realities behind the numbers.

Just 47% of students met English standards and 36% met math standards, according to the 2024–25 California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress results. On the National Assessment of Educational Progress exam, only 29% of California 4th-graders and 25% of  8th-graders scored proficient in reading and math. 

These numbers look stark, but in context they reveal far more about the conditions California children are growing up in than the quality of classroom instruction.

California educates a disproportionate share of children experiencing housing insecurity. A 2024 analysis found that 4% of California students were homeless, with some counties reaching 16%. The California Department of Education reports 230,443 homeless students statewide, a 26% increase over five years that mirrors broader trends in affordability, overcrowding and displacement. 

Poverty and residential instability suppress academic outcomes across states. Still, California’s much higher share of students facing these hardships and attending public schools — rather than being absorbed into private ones — exerts a downward pressure on statewide scores.

Another defining factor is California’s substantial English learner population. According to the Public Policy Institute of California, current and former English learner students score 16–17 percentage points lower, on average, than peers who were never classified as English learners.

This is not evidence of system failure; it reflects the time and stability required to learn academic English. California’s public schools serve more English learner students than any other state. These students need multi-year support, consistent teaching and predictable housing.

Pandemic recovery, too, remains uneven. California’s national assessment results are still below pre-pandemic levels, and the lowest-performing students lost the most ground — an inequity that the Public Policy Institute and CalMatters have repeatedly documented. Chronic absenteeism also has not returned to pre-2020 levels.

Additionally, in some higher-income districts, many of the highest-achieving students now opt out of the state’s standardized testing altogether, meaning statewide averages increasingly reflect a more skewed testing pool.

Who’s not taking the tests?

The least-discussed factor may be the most important: who is not included in California’s test scores. 

The state and national tests rely almost entirely on public school samples. Private school students — who are disproportionately affluent, stably housed and high-performing — are not included in state averages. According to the California Department of Education, 494,464 students attend private schools statewide, representing 7.8% of all K–12 students. 

In San Francisco, the share reaches nearly 30%. A full county-by-county breakdown is available here. 

The exclusion of these students reshapes the public school landscape. Public schools end up serving a much more concentrated population of high-need students, independent of teaching quality. And the fiscal consequences are severe: public-school funding follows enrollment. When families move to private schools, districts lose revenue.

KQED reports that San Francisco Unified’s loss of 4,000 students cost the district roughly $80 million annually, or $20,000 per student. 

Fewer students mean fewer counselors, fewer reading specialists, and fewer supports that help struggling learners succeed. Loss of federal funding also affected English learners and other support services, exacerbating the problem.

Improving the odds

Raising California’s test scores requires solving the right problem. Scores are low because a higher proportion of children live in deep poverty, experience housing instability or homelessness, are learning English, or are attending school inconsistently — and because a significant share of higher-income students is not in the testing pool at all.

Test scores improve when children’s conditions improve. That means expanding stable, affordable housing; adopting and scaling the science of reading statewide; providing targeted, meaningful support for English learners; reducing chronic absenteeism, and stabilizing district funding in communities experiencing enrollment loss.

California’s public schools are doing the most challenging work with the fewest advantages. If we continue judging them without acknowledging who they serve — and who they don’t — we will continue diagnosing the wrong problem and offering the wrong solutions."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHYXFu7GWGg">
    <title>In Indian Country, the Future of Sovereignty Is Closer Than You Think | The Futurology Podcast - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-12-29T21:05:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HHYXFu7GWGg</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[also here:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/05wdNNP8tuhy2XDvIg5e3d
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-future-of-sovereignty-is-closer-than-you/id1821718921?i=1000742483803 ]

"The current world order seeks to make sovereignty simple. One map. One flag. One final authority. But in Indian Country, the borders break down. Tribal nations govern alongside the United States, and sovereignty overlaps in real, everyday ways. This isn’t a historical footnote. It’s the future, hiding in plain sight.

In this episode, Graham Brewer – the AP’s National Correspondent covering native lands and peoples – traces what sovereignty looks like when power overlaps and treaty promises from the 19th century adapt to the 21st. That negotiation is now playing out in the cloud: as languages are revived and culture moves onto servers. By its nature, the training of AI frontier models plunders native wisdom, but fully opting out risks another century of invisibility.

Chapters
Introduction - (0:00)
University of Oklahoma: Grant and Graham’s Shared Background - (3:48)
The Indigenous Journalists Association - (6:27)
Why Newsrooms Still Overlook Native Communities - (10:08)
What Oklahoma Schools Teach About Native History - (15:48)
Reporting on Oklahoma’s Prisons and Executions - (23:30)
Covering the Death Penalty: The Role of Witnesses - (27:51)
Clayton Lockett: The Execution That Caught National Attention - (34:49)
Journalism Today: Ethics, Media Distrust, and TikTok Journalists - (38:38)
Indigenous Journalism: Covering Native Communities Responsibly - (41:42)
Leonard Peltier and the Idea of “Aboriginal Sin” - (46:42)
Objectivity and Activism in Journalism - (51:01)
Imagining Indigenous Life Before Settler Colonialism - (59:20)
Treaties and Promises in Today’s Politics - (1:05:37)
State and Tribal Dual Sovereignty in Oklahoma - (1:07:33)
McGirt v. Oklahoma and Its Impact on Tribal Governance - (1:12:04)
Sovereign Internets and Indigenous Data Sovereignty - (1:19:10)
Large Language Models and Indigenous Languages - (1:29:18)
What Indigenous Worldviews Can Teach Us in a Climate Crisis - (1:33:58)
Closing: What Are We Wrong About Now? - (1:35:08)

Graham Brewer
https://apnews.com/author/graham-lee-brewer
https://x.com/grahambrewer

Subscribe to Futurology on your favorite listening platform
Apple Podcasts
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/futurology/id1821718921

Spotify
https://open.spotify.com/show/2I38HvHP6KlXrD5ysfygxk?nd=1&dlsi=ac8cda6751834298

Anywhere you get your podcasts 
https://linkin.bio/futurology/

Resources
The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity — David Graeber & David Wengrow (Book, 2021) 
https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374157357/thedawnofeverything/

The Cherokee Nation and the Trail of Tears — Theda Perdue & Michael D. Green (Book, 2007)
https://www.amazon.com/Cherokee-Penguin-Library-American-History/dp/0143113674

Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance — Leonard Peltier (Book, 1999)
https://birchbarkbooks.com/products/prison-writings

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) — U.S. Congress (U.S. law, 1990)
https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nagpra/index.htm

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) — United Nations General Assembly (UN declaration, 2007)
https://social.desa.un.org/issues/indigenous-peoples/united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples

Music Modernization Act — U.S. Congress (U.S. law, 2018)
https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1551

McGirt v. Oklahoma — Supreme Court of the United States (Supreme Court case, 2020)
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/18-9526_9okb.pdf

Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta — Supreme Court of the United States (Supreme Court case, 2022)
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/21-429_8o6a.pdf

Treaty of New Echota — Cherokee Nation and United States Government (Treaty, 1835)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_New_Echota "]]></description>
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    <title>School Closures and a Real Estate Grab - The Phoenix Project</title>
    <dc:date>2025-11-15T04:22:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.phoenixprojectnow.com/phoenix-review/blog/school-closures-and-a-real-estate-grab</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["David Sacks, a wealthy tech investor and President Donald Trump’s crypto and artificial intelligence czar, owns a Pacific Heights mansion large even by Billionaire’s Row standards. Spanning a city block, it sits on the site of what was once a public elementary school. Built in 1892 and rebuilt in 1921, the Grant School was sold at auction in the late 1990s.

The location of Sack’s extravagant home carries with it a rich irony: The San Francisco billionaire has been among the conservatives bankrolling an effort to undermine the city’s public schools. Included in their game plan is attacking progressive leaning School Boards for “incompetence,” the better to make the case for the privatization of public education. The tactic has been used effectively in cities across the country.

Sacks, along with William Oberndorf, the founder of right-wing political group Neighbors for a Better San Francisco, tech investor Arthur Rock and Garry Tan financed the 2022 recall of three progressive members of the San Francisco School Board. All but Tan are billionaires. Rock’s $499,500 was the was the largest contribution to that effort followed by Oberdorf’s Neighbors for a Better San Francisco, which contributed $458,800. Sacks spent a relatively modest $74,500 while Tan contributed relatively a puny $15,001. 

Additionally, the California Association of Realtors donated $84,900 to the recall campaign. Why would the state’s Realtors be interested in ousting members of the San Francisco School Board? The most logical answer is that the city’s public schools sit on valuable land that is ripe for development. 

The trio of School Board commissioners — Alison Collins, a Black woman, Gabriela Lopez, a Latina and Faauuga Moliga, a Pacific Islander — were removed from office. Their replacements were appointed by Mayor London Breed, whose campaigns were also funded by conservative-leaning tech and real estate interests. A year later, with acquiescence from the new School Board, the San Francisco Unified School District began a Resource Alignment Initiative, bureacrat-ese for the plan to close 11 public schools. 

Public relations campaigns were regurgitated in legacy media outlets to rationalize school closures using two main justifications: Budget deficits and declining enrollment. They suggested that closing schools is a practical — and easy — solution to the so-called “fiscal cliff” facing the School District  and an inoculation against “state takeovers.” 

As it turns out, school closures offer scant savings:  Public schools don’t pay rent since they own their buildings and students from closed schools still need teachers. When independent media outlet Mission Local asked SFUSD for specific savings amounts from the proposed 2024 closures, the district admitted that very little money would be saved — if any.

Arguments for declining enrollment were based on pandemic era data, but that was a time when many families relocated — and many who could afford to move to private schools did so. Using pandemic era data to justify school closures was short-sighted, deceptive and as a result, deeply flawed. With California’s housing element, mandating at least 82,000 new homes to be built in San Francisco by 2031, the demand for public schools will surely increase in the very near future.

The schools selected for closure were disproportionately those in which most students were low income, Black and/or Latine. But, low enrollment can be engineered: Past decisions diverted investments away from these schools, making them less desirable to the families of potential students.

The plan to close schools is driven by ideology, one driven by politically interested billionaires like William Oberndorf and Arthur Rock, and carried out by School Board Commissioners aligned with their interests. As for the real estate industry, it sees the dismantling of public schools as simply another opportunity to profit.

Oberndorf is a long-time proponent of “school choice,” a movement with an end goal of privatizing public education. He is the current chairman of the American Federation for Children, succeeding Betsy DeVos, Education Secretary in the first Trump Administration. The organization advocates for school choice, diverting tax dollars from public to charter and private schools. Fellow recall donor Rock is another prolific funder of school choice initiatives. He and his wife Toni Rembe Rock donated over $20 million to the Northern California division of KIPP, one of the largest charter school organizations in the United States. A common fate of closed public school buildings is to lease the property to charter schools. Another is to place the properties on the auction block. This reflects the conservative tactic of seizing and privatizing public assets, supposedly for our own good, then extracting profits from them. The process extends touting funding to public institutions and using the resulting under-performance as a rationalization for more cuts-this is essentially a self-licking right-wing policy ice cream cone.

San Francisco narrowly avoided school closures in 2024. When the list of 11 schools was made public, enraged parents fought back and Mayor Breed, facing a tough campaign for re-election, moved quickly to stop the process.  

But we are not out of the woods yet. In early October, District Superintendent Maria Su closed The Academy at McAteer, a small high school with a program that allowed students to take classes at City College. It was among the 11 schools on last year’s closure list. At about the same time, the School Board approved a 5-year extension for two charter schools.

Should school closures go forward, some of the sites will likely be sold. It may turn out that a former school will become home to another San Francisco billionaire like David Sacks."]]></description>
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    <title>The Long Aftermath of the Mass Cheating Trial in Atlanta Public Schools</title>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In the wake of prison time, school closures, and extraordinary prosecutorial overreach, educators and activists are trying to reclaim their public schools."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://thebaffler.com/salvos/manual-labor-leland">
    <title>Manual Labor | Andrew Leland</title>
    <dc:date>2025-10-31T21:55:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thebaffler.com/salvos/manual-labor-leland</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A new generation of deaf writers reimagines language, text, and sound"]]></description>
<dc:subject>andrewleland 2025 howweread howwewrite writing deaf deafness language text sound reading literacy asl darcelrockett disabilities disability chrisrufo christopherrufo charliekirk rachelkolb communication christinesunkim saranović 2022 publishing austinworkman phonology jeffreyzuckerman childhood deafculture culture thomashopkinsgalludet oralism manualism rebeccasanchez indigeneity indigenous society williamstokoe linguistics curtisrobbins deafpresidentnow elisabethzinser nyledimarco marleematlin tedkoppel greghlibok ikingjordan schools schooling education highered highereducation academia colleges universities georgehwbush ada americanswithdisabilitiesact publicschools access accessibility residentialschools cochlearimplants history estrangement</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.publicbooks.org/to-save-public-higher-ed-stop-revering-californias-tiered-system/">
    <title>To Save Public Higher Ed, Stop Revering California’s Tiered System - Public Books</title>
    <dc:date>2025-10-14T02:59:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.publicbooks.org/to-save-public-higher-ed-stop-revering-californias-tiered-system/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["At San Francisco State University, 2023 marked the lowest enrollment in almost half a century. That is, until 2024, when SFSU enrollment dropped again: from the previous year’s 23,700 total undergraduate and graduate students to only 22,375 students. In fact, a steady decline had begun back in 2018, which was then accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, according to SF State President Lynn Mahoney, this decline will extend into the foreseeable future (this is due to the demographics of the state—the majority of Californians live in the south—and the so-called demographic cliff—a decline in national birth rates attributed to the 2008 financial crisis).

However, across the Bay from SF State, the University of California–Berkeley enjoys booming admissions. One of the flagships of the entire UC system, Berkeley boasts an 11.7 percent acceptance rate, nearly 80 percent of whom are California residents. Clearly, neither tuition ($8,256 in-state for SF State and $17,478 for UC Berkeley), the application processes (while both systems no longer require standardized test scores, Berkeley’s holistic review takes into consider things beyond high school grades, like extracurriculars and high school rank), nor the exorbitant cost of living in the Bay Area are what’s keeping would-be college students from attending SF State rather than Berkeley.1

Resources and prestige are seemingly obvious reasons for the differing circumstances of these two institutions—and to a varying extent between the University of California System and the California State University System more generally. The accruing of both to the UCs at the expense of the CSUs and community colleges—as Andrew Stone Higgins argues in Higher Education for All: Racial Inequality, Cold War Liberalism, and the California Master Plan—was an intentional project of the much renowned Master Plan. Though often remembered through rose-colored glasses for its promise of free tuition for California residents, the Master Plan was lambasted by the student activists of the 1960s for enshrining institutional hierarchy into public higher education and thus exacerbating racial and economic inequality. Perhaps the most influential higher education policy of the 20th century, the Master Plan, and the critiques against it, offer important insights into our current crises of higher education.

Thus, long before U.S. News and World Report began to issue its asinine and insidious college rankings, the Master Plan created a tiered education system in the guise of public good by not only differentiating the function of each institution but also the students they should admit. Before the Master Plan, as Higgins recounts, “the UC had accepted the top 15 percent of graduating high school seniors from California, and the state colleges had taken on upward of the top 45 percent. After the Master Plan, the UC would begin to curb admissions to the top 12.5 percent of students, while the state colleges set a firm limit of 33 percent. The remaining 67 percent—up from 55 percent prior to the Master Plan—were consigned to community colleges.” Due to racial segregation, that meant California’s minorities students were by and large relegated to community colleges that received less funding. Though ostensibly the plan promised easy transfer from community colleges to the four-year institutions, the vast majority of community college students at the time never did—and today fewer than 10 percent do. And the UC system has only gotten more competitive: Today the UC Statewide guarantee only applies to the top 9 percent of California high school graduates—and not to their campus of choice.

Given this institutional baggage, it doesn’t inspire much confidence that the latest plan to save California state schools like SF State doesn’t target the real issues. Instead, to combat declining enrollment, SF State and a number of other struggling schools in the Cal State University System (CSU) have turned to a seemingly progressive solution, launching this fall 2025.

“Direct admissions” allow colleges to automatically admit students that meet minimum criteria. In the case of California, the state’s new pilot program—especially hoping to attract low-income, nontraditional, and Black and brown students—will offer direct, conditional admissions to 10 of the CSU’s 23 universities to qualified high school seniors in Riverside County, one of the fastest growing counties in the state. Cal State East Bay, located south of Oakland in Hayward, will launch a similar program for high school graduates of Hayward and neighboring San Leandro public schools. CSU is following in the footsteps of over a dozen other states, including Illinois, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Georgia, and Idaho, the first state to implement direct enrollment in 2015.

The CSUs and many struggling regional public universities have turned to open admissions. Simplifying access for low income, nontraditional, and Black and brown students through direct admissions is an admirable goal, but the desire to increase enrollment is really a desire to increase tuition receipts, whether from students themselves or federal aid like Pell grants.

The CSU system boasts being “the nation’s largest four-year public university system, providing transformational opportunities for upward mobility to more than 450,000 students from all socioeconomic backgrounds” with over “one in every 20 Americans holding a college degree [from] CSU.” Their and other non-flagship public universities’ ability to continue to be the “the workhorse of social mobility” was jeopardized well before Trump—the result of a decades-long, bipartisan retreat at the state and federal level from funding public higher education, with California and the Master Plan at the vanguard. Neoliberal competition between colleges for funds has only exacerbated this trend.

Ronald Reagan made his political career, and the new right itself, during his successful gubernatorial campaign of 1966, by, in the words of Higgins, “focus[ing] his ire on the three key issues of race, the Vietnam War, and public higher education.” However, the student activists that he hoped to squash—the 1964–65 Free Speech Movement at UC Berkeley and later the Black Student Union and Third World Liberation Front 1968 strike at SF State—had largely emerged to protest the supposedly more liberal 1960 Master Plan for making public higher education a tool of the US war machine and racial segregation.

While the issue facing public universities in the 21st century is low enrollment and demographic declines, the Master Plan sought to prepare California’s institutions of higher education for the demographic boom and scientific arms race of the Cold War era. Though a number of California policymakers were involved, the plan was largely a compromise between Roy Simpson, Superintendent of Public Instruction and thus de facto head of the California State College (later university) system, and Clark Kerr, the president of the UCs. While Simpson sought to gain more prestige for the state colleges, Kerr wanted to maintain the UC’s monopoly on scientific research in the wake of the 1958 National Defense Education Act. When the Master Plan was sign into law in 1960, the community colleges were charged with “technical training,” the state colleges with “occupational training,” and the UCs with “professional training.” This division largely still holds, with the UCs monopolizing doctoral programs and the CSUs fighting to keep California’s community colleges from offering bachelor degrees.

Though Kerr has long been revered as the mastermind of the Master Plan, both he and Simpson held what Higgins cogently argues was an “instrumentalist vision of educational attainment above any consideration of the effects their system would have on California’s large and diverse minority population.” Neither California’s diverse population, nor the growing number of women entering higher education were concerns for the architects of the Master Plan. The Master Plan inaugurated many of the problems facing higher education today—the overemphasis on STEM education; the dependence on federal and private funding for questionable, warmongering and surveilling industries; and the funneling of public funds to the already privileged. While we can indeed blame Reagan and the new right for laying the groundwork for public universities’ dependence on tuition, the antidemocratic structure of the Master Plan laid the groundwork for public education as individual, private good and, in the words of Kerr, “‘a society much like a modern university—highly competitive, essentially undemocratic, effective.’”2 That sounds strikingly like Trump’s vision for higher ed.

The student activists at the time recognized this contraction of access for what it was. Higgins surveys a large sample of student movements throughout the state—from Berkeley’s famed Free Speech Movement and the Black Student Union and Third World Liberation Front Stike at SF State to the Chicano Master Plan for Higher Education at UC Santa Barbara. The Third World Liberation Front’s strike was as much a struggle for Black and ethnic studies as it was one for more diverse admissions and faculty hiring. Higgins opens his history of the Master Plan and student critique with a March 1971 article by UC Davis student-activist Fusha Hill published in the student paper, the California Aggie:  “Black students are attempting to show the academic community that the policies laid down in the Master Plan are inherently racist.” A month later excerpts from the piece were republished in Fresno State’s Daily Collegian because, as Higgins explains, “Hill’s critique could speak to the concerns of student activists at both the UC and state colleges, as well as California’s community colleges, because all three systems were regulated by the admissions standards that had been established by the 1960 California Master Plan for Higher Education.” Originally titled “Davis Campus Community Effort in Support of a Meaningful UC Budget,” the Daily Collegian  retitled the piece “Open Admissions Stop Institutional Racism” and signed it “the Third World.”

Unfortunately, as the dismantling of affirmative action makes clear, many Americans may not want to stop institutional racism. However, part of why the right’s campaign against affirmative action was so successful is that admissions criteria at selective universities, including public flagships, seem nebulous and arbitrary. And, coupled with rising costs, many Americans are beginning to question the value of a college education at all. In favoring selectivity over the public good, the Master Plan laid the groundwork for some colleges to be perceived as less worth attending than others. Rather than a means to bail out the budgets of cash trapped public regional universities, open admissions to all state-funded public universities—including prestigious flagships like UC Berkeley—could break the competitive concentration of prestige, increase affordability through more egalitarian institutional funding, and restore Americans’ faith in higher education as a public, rather than “highly competitive, undemocratic” good."]]></description>
<dc:subject>universityofcalifornia calstate csu 2025 stephaniereist hierarchy highered highereducation colleges universities communitycolleges sfsu ucberkeley masterplan inequality admissions race policy california segregation competition funding tuition ronaldreagan thirdworldliberationfront politics coldwar clarkkerr roysimpson activism ucsb racism egalitarianism democracy 1960 budget publicschools publicuniversities liberalism minorities institutions education csueastbay enrollement calstateeastbay californiamasterplan affirmativeaction donaldtrump uc californiastateuniversity</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/more-workslop-for-mother/">
    <title>More Workslop for Mother</title>
    <dc:date>2025-09-26T16:07:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/more-workslop-for-mother/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Brian Merchant's assertion that "The Luddite Renaissance is in full swing," The Jacobin's claim that "The AI Revolution Might Be Running Out of Steam" – these feel a bit too optimistic perhaps, particularly if you're one of many educators who's been compelled these past few weeks/months to sit in back-to-school training sessions in which administrators crow about whatever "AI" product they purchased last spring: how it's poised to allow you to "do more" [unspoken: with less]. "AI" as counseling. "AI" as advising. "AI" as tutoring. "AI" as grading. "AI" as curriculum development. "AI" as reporter. "AI" as researcher. "AI" in the LMS. "AI" in test proctoring. "AI" everywhere, whether you like it or not.

"AI will save you so much time," management insists, with this as with every new piece of hardware and software they force workers to use, never ever admitting their own complicity in why everyone is so overworked in the first place. Instead – and we all know this in our guts – they're going leverage "AI" to threaten and to eliminate jobs, to refuse to hire replacements, to diminish everyone's creativity and autonomy, to lower everyone's standard of living except – oh, interesting – their own. (Echoes of Marc Andreessen here, who's certain that "AI" could never replace venture capitalists.)

But maybe "AI" is finally finally finally running out of steam. Maybe as n+1 writes (in a little nod to Thomas Pynchon's 1984 essay so it has been a long time coming), "It's okay to be a Luddite!"

(It is! It is!)

The tenor of a lot of reporting about "AI" has, no doubt, shifted. It shifted with the flop of ChatGPT 5. It shifted with the NYT story on Adam Raine's suicide. It shifted with the MIT study that found 95% of AI pilots fail. Oh sure, there are still those who try to keep cheerleading – The Wall Street Journal, for example, says "Stop Worrying About AI’s Return on Investment." And there are those who signed multi-million-dollar deals with OpenAI and Anthropic and Google earlier this year who really don't want to look like they were duped (not to mention those who've staked new careers and new identities on some glorious "AI" future, who probably don't want to look like they were part of a con).

But the emporer, as that little boy in Hans Christian Andersen's story pointed out, wears no clothes.

"AI ‘Workslop’ Is Killing Productivity and Making Workers Miserable," 404 Media reported this week, pointing to a handful of the recent articles – journalistic, academic, and otherwise – that reaffirm what many of us already knew: this stuff sucks, and those who keep asserting that it's amazing are probably not the people who have to go back and clean up all the mistakes and finesse all the banal verbosity that's been "generated" by a chatbot.

"Workslop" is a great little neologism, and it feels like it can easily be applied to education – not just to the "AI"-generated essays, but to the "AI"-generated textbooks and tests and curriculum and handouts. The researchers/consultants who coined the term define "workslop" as "AI generated work content that masquerades as good work, but lacks the substance to meaningfully advance a given task." The assignment is complete; and yet nothing has been done, nothing has been taught, nothing has been learned. Workslop "shifts the burden of the work downstream," they write, "requiring the receiver to interpret, correct, or redo the work. In other words, it transfers the effort from creator to receiver."

More Work for Mother – first published forty years ago – remains as relevant as ever, particularly as "AI" colonizes work and leisure, the job and the home. I think I saw Tressie McMillan Cottom post something on social media a while ago, something like "men use AI to do less work, and women use AI to do more." Which tracks. And it tracks in education too where the "downstream" the authors above point to involves the kind of care work, the kind of group work, the kind of emotional and relational work, that has never been valued but that is absolutely necessary for the generous reading and listening that teachers and students must do together.

The San Francisco Standard's Ezra Wallach reported on the opening of an Alpha School in the city. Sigh, you know: Mackenzie Price's "2 hour learning" private school hustle: "It’s the city’s new most expensive private school — and AI is the teacher." I'm quoted calling the whole thing "snake oil," which makes me extraordinarily happy. Sorry not sorry.

I told Wallach that this push for "personalized learning" – everyone's just rebranded this as "AI" now – is no damn good as it disrupts this relational, reciprocal aspect to learning. When we isolate everyone on a screen, via an algorithm, and pretend the primary values in education are efficiency, optimization, and "individualization," then we lose all sense of community, all sense of responsibility to one another. And that is how we learn – in relationships with people, their words, their ideas, their embodied selves.

"AI" is damaging and dangerous because it is profoundly anti-democratic – this concerted effort to undermine public education is just one part of it. The "AI" industry is firmly committed to centralizing control of information – control of creativity, decision-making, work, health, prediction, policing, teaching, learning (that is, ostensibly, everything). And centralizing control in the hands of a bunch of villains, monsters, dickheads, dumbasses to boot – one of whom is openly toying with the idea of being the Antichrist.

And yeah, these fellows have plans for schools (although, if it's at all reassuring, they've been working on these plans since at least 1970 and have never get very far because they're losers and nobody likes them)."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://harpers.org/archive/2025/09/from-the-archive-lesson-plans-sloan-wilson-public-schools-are-better-than-you-think/">
    <title>Lesson Plans, by Sloan Wilson</title>
    <dc:date>2025-09-12T14:51:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://harpers.org/archive/2025/09/from-the-archive-lesson-plans-sloan-wilson-public-schools-are-better-than-you-think/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["From “Public Schools Are Better Than You Think,” [https://harpers.org/archive/1955/09/public-schools-are-better-than-you-think/ ] which appeared in the September 1955 issue of Harper’s Magazine. The complete article—along with the magazine’s entire 175-year archive—is available online at harpers.org/archive."

...

"The verbal splendor resulting from recent charges that the schools are not teaching reading right, and older charges that they aren’t teaching anything right, is exhilarating. And while we haven’t heard much lately of the evils of “progressive education”—­the very phrase has acquired a nostalgic ring­—there are still those who seem convinced that the public schools are promoting socialism of some kind, or worse. The schools have been called godless, their faculty described as cotton-­headed; arguments are started everywhere over the question of whether there should be federal aid to education; the phrase “crisis in education” has become a cliché used by some to mean that the schools are inept and by others to mean that they are woefully short of money. A visitor to this country would presume from the headlines that things have never been so bad. As a friend of mine said at a PTA meeting: What’s going on here, anyway?

I have an uneasy answer. In the past fifty years, our nation has gone humanitarian to a great and wonderful degree, but it doesn’t want to pay for it. The schools have never been so good as they are now, but the gap between what they are and what people want is greater than ever. Yet nobody wants to provide the money, time, and thought necessary to closing that gap—­the hope is that it can just be argued away.

To understand the truth of this, it is necessary to have an unsentimental view of the way the schools were in the past. The idea that we once had marvelous public schools, and that modern philosophies of education have ruined them, is obvious nonsense. No nation has ever had good public schools for all its people, or seriously tried to. Good education for every child is a startling new concept, one of which the United States can be proud.

Fifty years ago, city schools were dingy, with classes of forty or more pupils common. Country schools were one-­room affairs, with children of varying age and ability taught together. Few teachers had anywhere near the education that most do today. The elementary school curriculum was mostly limited to the three R’s, and the high schools confined themselves to a college-­preparatory program. The subjects were optional: the pupil could take them or stay home. The majority of students never went to high school.

Then, year by year, more and more pupils sought admittance to the high schools. A high school education was the American dream, and people in those days dreamt hard and fruitfully. But, plenty of educators objected, all children aren’t capable of a straight classical program. In turn, they devised new programs for those who were unable or unwilling to take on college-­preparatory work. The sound of the hammer was heard in the land as courses in manual training and mechanics proliferated. For girls there were “domestic arts,” a phrase for cooking, sewing, and housewifely chores.

The public was demanding more of the schools; inevitably, the schools had to demand more of the public. Here the controversy began, for the people who asked for new courses were under the impression that public education is free. What do you mean it costs money, taxes? What’s getting into the schools, anyway? They’re spending more and more every year! Taxes are going up. Somebody must be getting something out of this. It’s socialism, that’s what it is.

Maybe there is an easy answer, after all—­easy to say, if not to do. Maybe everything would be all right if the public realized the nobility of the goal it has set for the schools, and realized the enormous amount of money, time, and thought needed to achieve it. Maybe everything would be all right if everyone realized that the goal of schools capable of wasting no human talent is one worth pursuing, and that a nation with the economic power of this one could for the first time in history achieve it."]]></description>
<dc:subject>1955 sloanwilson education schools schooling publicschools progressive progressivism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://harpers.org/archive/2025/09/the-homemade-scholar-chandler-fritz-empowerment-scholarship-account-arizona-schools/">
    <title>The Homemade Scholar, by Chandler Fritz</title>
    <dc:date>2025-09-12T14:50:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://harpers.org/archive/2025/09/the-homemade-scholar-chandler-fritz-empowerment-scholarship-account-arizona-schools/</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-09-01/what-artificial-intelligence-looks-like-in-america-s-classrooms">
    <title>AI and Chatbots Are Already Reshaping US Classrooms - Bloomberg</title>
    <dc:date>2025-09-05T16:47:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-09-01/what-artificial-intelligence-looks-like-in-america-s-classrooms</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[archived:
https://archive.ph/SgJPO ]

"How Chatbots and AI Are Already Transforming Kids' Classrooms

Educators across the country are bringing chatbots into their lesson plans. Will it help kids learn or is it just another doomed ed-tech fad?"

[via:
https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/brood-parasites/

"Brood parasitism is not a perfect metaphor, by any means, for the offloading of ed-tech development onto teachers and students, but reading Vauhini Vara's brilliant investigation into how the tech industry is pushing "AI" in schools, published in Bloomberg this week, I couldn't help but think of the parasitism, the vampirism of Silicon Valley. Hence the whydah. Why the whydah. There's a quote in her piece from Tony Wan, a former editor from Edsurge and now a venture capitalist, that struck me:

<blockquote>Tony Wan, head of platform at MagicSchool investor Reach Capital, explained to me that AI education companies benefit from teachers and students flagging inappropriate content and otherwise helping guide product development. To that end, he said, “we often encourage our founders to just get this in the hands of teachers and users as quickly as possible—not necessarily as a refined product. And I don’t mean that in a bad or irresponsible way.” Wan later clarified that this “should not come at the expense of quality or pose risks.”
</blockquote>

This offloading of responsibility, this casual but incessant leeching of money and power and data – it's all fundamental to "the business." An "evolutionary strategy," or something. Brood parasitism, except the offsprings here are products, not people."

...

"If there's one thing you read this week, it really should be Vauhini Vara's article in Bloomberg: "AI and Chatbots Are Already Transforming Kids' Classrooms." If nothing else, it's a good reminder that ed-tech needs much much more investigative journalism. (Contrast Vara's article, for example, with this piece in Vox, a publication funded in part by effective altruist dollars, that wants you to believe that "AI in the classroom doesn't have to be a catastrophe.") Vara's article covers a lot of ground – various deals that various districts have made with various "AI" providers, various educators' efforts to use "AI" in their classes. But it's the inquiry into Alpha Schools that I found particularly interesting, because although there's already been a lot of reporting on Mackenzie Price and her promise of "2 hour learning," this piece finally cracks open the shady political, financial, and technological arrangements of this company.

<blockquote>While the school has received high-profile attention for its devotion to AI, including from the hedge-fund manager Bill Ackman, what’s gotten less notice is its ties to the administration’s businesses. State filings from as recently as December describe both Legacy of Education (that is, Alpha) and 2HR Learning as subsidiaries of a Texas software firm called Trilogy Inc. While Price is the public face of Alpha, the principal overseeing all of its campuses is Trilogy’s founder, an Austin billionaire named Joe Liemandt who said at a conference last year that he’s spent $1 billion on a mission to transform education using AI. (A Texas business filing by Trilogy in December also names Liemandt as its president and a director; his LinkedIn profile describes him as the chairman.) Price and Liemandt are longtime friends; Price’s husband, Andrew Price, is the chief financial officer of Trilogy and, according to the filings, also holds roles at Legacy of Education and 2HR Learning.

The financial arrangements among these entities is unclear, but the filings suggest that Alpha has been serving as a sort of in-house distribution channel for a corporation developing AI products for schools. Trilogy also submitted the initial trademark applications for 2HR Learning and several education products before assigning those rights to 2HR Learning itself. And positions at both Alpha and 2HR Learning were recently posted on Trilogy’s corporate LinkedIn page.

...

A publication called Colossus that profiled Liemandt in August said that he had lately been building ed tech products at a “stealth lab” staffed by about 300 people and was preparing to publicly launch a flagship product called Timeback. While the article didn’t name the lab, a Texas filing in early August recorded the formation of a company called TimeBack LLC, with Andrew Price named as a manager. A website for a product called TimeBack that fits Colossus’s description, meanwhile, calls it the system behind Alpha’s schools. And Legacy of Education has a trademark pending for the name. The article describes the product as recording a raw video stream of students, monitoring the “habits that make learning less effective, like rushing through problems, spinning in your chair, socializing,” then generating feedback for kids on how much time they’re wasting and how to do better.

Alpha’s privacy policy accounts for this sort of tracking and more, claiming far more access to student information than is typical for companies selling AI to schools, including MagicSchool. Alpha can, for example, use webcams to record students, including to observe their eye contact (partly to detect engagement and environmental distractions). And it can monitor keyboard and mouse activity (to see if students are idle) and take screenshots and video of what students are seeing on-screen (in part to catch cheating). In the future, the policy notes, the school could collect data from sleep trackers or headbands worn during meditation.</blockquote>

Read the whole article, all the way to the kicker, which is also superb."]

[archived:
https://archive.ph/XcZMq ]

"I realized that, for all our conversations about how the students used MagicSchool, Fairchild and I hadn’t discussed whether he was using AI to generate lesson plans and so on, which the companies typically center in their training materials. When I asked him about this, he admitted he wasn’t. He doubted it would actually save him time, and he also had a deeper reason. “I have an artistic resistance to it,” he said. “For me that’s where the art of teaching sits—processing my students’ needs and building a lesson and then building a rubric and evaluation for it. For me that’s where the emotional and spiritual dialogue between the teachers and students is, so at this time, I’m unwilling to hand that off.”

CEI’s Roberts told me that rationale made sense to her. In fact, she said, she wasn’t using AI much herself. Having learned all she had about AI and its potential role in education, she’d arrived at a sharp critique of the technology. At one point, she texted me, “The negative impacts of tech always impact low-income Black and Brown communities first and more.”

A couple of minutes later, she emailed an article about allegations that a data center owned by Elon Musk’s xAI was spewing pollution near a mostly Black Memphis neighborhood; she’d previously raised with me how xAI’s Grok chatbot had spouted off in May about a nonexistent “genocide” against White people in South Africa. (xAI didn’t respond to requests for comment.)

The incidents brought to mind a trope among advocates of AI in schools that irritated her to no end—the notion that it was at least as useful and as harmless as the calculator, another product whose rollout to schools once drew suspicion. “The calculator doesn’t construct facts about world knowledge and give them to you,” she said. “The destruction of knowledge is something that should concern any educator.”
Her candor was jarring, coming from someone so involved in one of the highest-profile statewide AI education programs in the US. She’d recently been promoted to become CEI’s director of district implementation and partnership, with the statewide AI program set to expand in the 2025-26 academic year. Plans include offering AI training to students and school counselors in addition to teachers. But while all this seemed to conflict somewhat with Roberts’ personal views, she said she’s constrained by the demands of American education culture.

It’s a culture in which, with ever-diminishing resources available for proven structural improvements, some educators find that AI assistance makes their life a bit easier and their students a bit more engaged. It’s also a culture in which schools are viewed less as a route to liberation than as a training camp for a future workforce. Assuming AI companies continue to dominate, the students Roberts cares about could graduate into a more precarious future if people like her don’t help them play along.

“If I could wave my magic wand and AI doesn’t exist, I’d be like, ‘Great,’” she said. In the absence of that, she said, she had a plan. This year she hoped to transform the Colorado program as much as she could. Even as she facilitated the advance of AI products into schools, she planned to raise awareness about the environmental impact of those products, the ideological influence of the corporations behind them and the possible negative impacts on learning. A term already existed to describe the kind of work she’d be doing. The job at hand, she said, was harm reduction."]]></description>
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    <title>San Francisco Parents Coalition and the Astroturf Network - The Phoenix Project</title>
    <dc:date>2025-09-03T03:12:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.phoenixprojectnow.com/phoenix-review/blog/san-francisco-parents-coalition-and-the-astroturf-network</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In four short years, an Astroturf group that exploited the COVID-19 pandemic to unseat three progressive members of the San Francisco School Board has parlayed its powerful and wealthy connections to present itself as the leading voice for public school families.

Created in September 2020, the San Francisco Parent Coalition was originally called Decreasing the Distance. Its animating force was — and still is —  Meredith Dodson, a management consultant married to a well-connected financial investor. Dodson’s husband, Stephen, is the son of Jerome Dodson, the legendary founder and chairman of Parnassus Investments, a San Francisco wealth management firm with a staggering $43 billion in assets. Stephen Dodson worked for his father before eventually starting his own investment firm, the Bretton Fund, with a far more modest $100 million in assets.

All this is to say that Merdith Dodson is hardly the typical San Francisco public school parent. More than half of San Francisco Unified students are eligible for free and reduced price meals. To qualify, the income limit for a family of three is $49,303. 

Despite her enormous wealth,  Meredith Dodson has positioned herself as the leader of a grassroots organization, advocating for the needs of parents and children in one of the most diverse school districts in the country. It helped that she enjoys financial support from some of the city’s most politically active billionaires, most notably former venture capitalist Michael Moritz and Mimi Haas, heiress to the Levi Strauss fortune and mother, and chief financier of  the city’s recently elected mayor. Moritz’s Crankstart Foundation and the Mimi and Peter Haas Fund are prominently featured on SF Parents’ list of champion supporters.

Until recently, Moritz was the chief funder of conservative political group TogetherSF while Haas has contributed to various right-wing causes including Neighbors for a Better San Francisco, the so-called 800-pound gorilla of the city’s Astroturf Network.

Neighbors donated $50,000 to San Francisco Parents Coalition in 2023 contributing to their $737,792 total revenue for the year. That figure does not include the additional $126,893 raised in the same year by the organization’s 501c4 arm San Francisco Parent Action. Neighbors was started by William Oberndorf, a conservative billionaire and long-time advocate for so-called school choice. A typical tactic of the school-choice movement is to attack public school governance and teachers unions, the better to argue for vouchers to private and charter schools, which are independent.

Decreasing the Distance began its political life by leading the charge for reopening public schools during the COVID-19 pandemic, exploiting the exhaustion of parents juggling full-time jobs and parenthood during the early days of a public health catastrophe. It also preyed on parent fears that their kids would fall behind the learning curve as distance learning failed to measure up to in-person education. Cynically, Dodson never acknowledged that San Francisco’s historically underfunded public schools lacked the resources to make in-person learning safe during a pandemic that saw more than a million Americans die. Instead, it echoed the messaging of school privatizers like Oberndorf, blaming  the teacher’s union and the progressive members of the School Board, arguing that they had the power to force children back into classrooms, but were instead wasting time on social justice initiatives.

In August 2021, Decreasing the Distance — and Dodson — received the star treatment from then-San Francisco Chronicle columnist Heather Knight, who has long been the unofficial voice of kvetchy conservative San Francisco. Her laudatory piece, entitled, “San Francisco School Parents Find their Voice,” downplayed Dodson’s involvement in Decreasing the Distance, presenting it as a grassroots organization. By November 2021, it would create a 501c4, a nonprofit allowing it to participate in political campaigns just in time to push for the recall of progressive School Board Trustees Alison Collins, Gabriela Lopez and Fauuga Moliga. Collins, Lopez and Moliga were ousted, in part, with the help of Dodson’s advocacy and money from Oberndorf’s Neighbors for a Better SF which spent $458,800 on the recall.

Since then, Meredith Dodson has wielded clout rare for a public school parent. She has availed herself of district property for San Francisco Parent Coalition events. The group was the sole recipient of a 5-year-grant in the Outreach and Access category from the city’s Department of Children, Youth and their Families, muscling out 14 other local organizations who depended on this funding for much of their revenue. Three of the recently elected school board candidates were graduates of its bootcamps. 

Dodson is using her newfound clout to reliably advocate for conservative causes. She joined the fight against San Francisco Unified’s ethnic studies curriculum despite its support from educators, and most importantly, students. For San Francisco’s billionaires, the investment in the San Francisco Parents Coalition has delivered a handsome payoff.

Noah Sloss is a San Francisco public school parent. He sits on the board of Parents for Public Schools of San Francisco, a grassroots organization serving public school families."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/i-know-what-you-did-last-summer/">
    <title>I Know What You Did Last Summer</title>
    <dc:date>2025-08-29T19:16:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/i-know-what-you-did-last-summer/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If you were to tell the story of the end of public education in the US, you wouldn't begin with the Trump Administration's bluster about closing the Department of Education. You wouldn't begin with Trump Administration policies at all – as awful and destructive as they are – and not simply because, as we are so often reminded, public education in the US is mostly a state, not federal, issue. What we are witnessing now – is it the end? – is obviously part of a much longer narrative arc, a much older push to privatize. This story of the end – some are rooting for it, you know, and there have been plenty of people who've been scheming and Milton-Friedman-ing for a good long while now – many of them in and around ed-tech.

No matter where you opt to launch your tale, I reckon it's likely the story will take the form of that classic Hemingway quip from The Sun Also Rises: "How do you go bankrupt?" "Two ways. Gradually, then suddenly." We like that formula (more than we like Hemingway, I dare say), perhaps because we recognize, as protagonists in our own stories, we aren't so good at paying attention until things become simply too dire to ignore. As Joni Mitchell put it, "Don't it always seem to go that you don't know what you've got 'til it's gone. Paved paradise. Put up a parking lot."

"Is Public Education Over?" [https://educationwars.substack.com/p/is-public-education-over ] Jennifer Berkshire asked in her newsletter this week, detailing a number of efforts across a number of states to push vouchers and private schools – that's the long-standing tactic of the "free market" folks – and to double-down on standardized testing and close "failing schools" – and that is the utterly dismal response of the Democrats' school reformers. "If you, like me, have been sounding the alarm about the dangers of school privatization," she writes, "it’s impossible to ignore the sense that the future we've been warning about has arrived." Indeed, and when it comes to the alarms I've been sounding, I'd add that the ed-tech crowd has always believed it could profit off of crisis, no matter which side here was triumphant: selling software, selling testing technology, selling "intelligent tutoring systems," selling "teacher-less" schools [https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2025/08/26/alpha-school-virginia-ai-education/ ], extracting student data, selling student data, privatizing infrastructure, funding charter school networks and now hyping some microschool bullshit.

(In the latest back-to-school edition of Wired, Julia Black explores "How Microschools Became the Latest Tech Mogul Obsession." [https://www.wired.com/story/silicon-valley-tech-moguls-microschools/ ] There's no mention of charter schools like Rocketship. There's no mention of AltSchool. So I do want to us to recognize, despite the latest! craze! framework that Wired loves to invoke: this new tech mogul obsession is an old tech mogul obsession. They just want to convince consumers (parents, politicians, journalists) that this is new and interesting, that this is different, that this time this time, their product will work magic.)

[screenshot captioned: "Anytime someone tries to tell them Reid Hoffman is "one of the good ones," feel free to laugh in their face"

<blockquote>Al is the best learning technology invented to date, and I'm excited to see innovators like Alpha School co-founder MacKenzie Price leveraging it to reimagine K-12 education. Spoiler alert: That doesn't mean replacing teachers, but it does involve redefining their roles.

If you haven't heard about MacKenzie's network of Al-powered K-12 private schools-or if you have but want to hear her respond to common criticisms-I'd encourage you to check out this week's Possible. You'll also hear from Alex Mathew, a high school senior from Austin, TX, about his experience at Alpha, where students learn core academic subjects through a personalized learning platform for two hours every morning, and then spend the rest of the day focused on passion projects and life skills.

Alpha plans to open a dozen new schools across the U.S. this fall, and I believe there's a lot we can learn from what MacKenzie is doing.

Curious to hear what you think in the comments.</blockquote>]

***

Today marks the 20th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. If you were to tell the story of the end of public education in the US, you might start here – I think I would. Start with the subsequent takeover of the New Orleans public school system by charter school operators and the jubilance with which this was enacted (and is still talked about today). The dismantling of democratically-controlled institutions – this didn't begin with Trump.

The storm was the best thing that had happened to the education system in the city, Secretary of Education Arne Duncan would later pronounce, lauding the opportunities that "disaster capitalism" afforded. Almost 2000 people died in the storm, and education reformers like Duncan crowed because they could take leverage the tragedy and pursue their anti-union mission – "shock doctrine," as Naomi Klein put it. And plenty of folks are still cheering – in The Washington Post this week, we are told this was "a schools revolution unmatched anywhere for its radicalism and scale." [https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2025/08/28/new-orleans-schools-hurricane-katrina/ ]

The firing of New Orleans' educators also marked "one of the largest displacements of Black educators since Brown v. Board of Education." [https://journals.sagepub.com/stoken/default+domain/FC7C33GCVUNV5NRD9XXM/full ] The unemployment rate for Black women was 9.1% post-Katrina [https://www.npr.org/2005/12/20/5062687/katrinas-effect-on-jobs-for-black-women?ref=2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com ], incidentally. And with the firing of federal workers under Trump, unemployment for Black women has skyrocketed once again [https://19thnews.org/2025/07/black-women-unemployment-jobs-warning-sign/ ]. It's a bad signal for the economy, so we're told. But all this is a bad signal for democracy.

The end of public schools. The end of democracy. They are intertwined.

***

People love to tell the story about the end of B. F. Skinner, thaT behaviorism were defeated – chased out of the field of psychology, erased from scientific relevance, made a mockery, rejected, forgotten, whatever – when Noam Chomsky wrote a very mean book review [https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1971/12/30/the-case-against-bf-skinner/ ] of Beyond Freedom and Dignity. (In some versions of the story, it was an earlier book review, in which Chomsky lambasted Verbal Behavior, that set all this scorn in motion.)

It's a weird story. I don't buy it, in part because I just don't believe that a book review (or Noam Chomsky, bless his heart) wields that much cultural power.

But mostly I don't buy it because behaviorism is still absolutely fucking everywhere, despite all the talk of a "cognitive turn." And while the promoters of "AI" like to talk about themselves as creating machines that mimic the mind – something that Skinner would surely laugh himself – these technologists are utterly beholden to behaviorism, to conditioning, to reinforcement learning.

In MIT Technology Review, Ben Crair makes the case for "Why we should thank pigeons for our AI breakthroughs." [https://www.technologyreview.com/2025/08/18/1121370/ai-pigeons-reinforcement-learning/ ] Poor birds. It's not their fault.

***

I wrote a little bit in Wednesday's newsletter [https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/back-to-school-obligatory/ ] about the fallout from the underwhelming launch of ChatGPT5 – about a small shift (maybe) towards more skepticism about "AI," about how we'll see "AI" evangelists start to sell their services with slightly different messaging. But I think I'll leave the gloating and "I told you so" to Gary Marcus [https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/gpt-5-overdue-overhyped-and-underwhelming ], mostly because the harms from all this hype are ongoing, regardless of any proposed guardrails or policies or frameworks.

Kashmir Hill's story in The New York Times this week – "A Teen Was Suicidal. ChatGPT Was the Friend He Confided In" [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/26/technology/chatgpt-openai-suicide.html ] – is a case in point. And the story is probably one of the most upsetting things I've read in a while. And I read about this stuff for an living.

Adam Raine had started using ChatGPT for homework help; the technology offered him explicit guidance on how to take his life.

[screenshot: "From the wrongful-death lawsuit filed by Raine's parents" https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/26075676-raine-v-openai/ ]

"Best learning technology invented to date," says one of the most powerful people in Silicon Valley. He's wrong. But it is, perhaps, the culmination of decades of behaviorial engineering and surveillance capitalism [https://www.bloodinthemachine.com/p/a-500-billion-tech-companys-core ], the latest technology designed to capture and hold our attention – to nudge us and to monitor us and to hook us.

What are we doing?! What are we doing to children?! [all links]

Professors, professing: "Reclaiming Conversation in the Age of AI" [https://www.afterbabel.com/p/reclaiming-conversation-age-of-ai ]by Sherry Turkle. "Human Literacy" by Eryk Salvaggio. "Shifting My Thinking about AI in the Classroom" [https://theimportantwork.substack.com/p/shifting-my-thinking-about-ai-in ] by Michael Burns. "Yes, It Is Our Job As Professors To Stop Our Students Using ChatGPT" [https://katemanne.substack.com/p/yes-it-is-our-job-as-professors-to ] by Kate Manne. "Why We're Not Using AI in This Course, Despite Its Obvious Benefits" [https://emergingethics.substack.com/p/why-were-not-using-ai-in-this-course ] by Patrick Lin. "What Happened When I Tried to Replace Myself with ChatGPT in My English Classroom" [https://lithub.com/what-happened-when-i-tried-to-replace-myself-with-chatgpt-in-my-english-classroom/ ] by Piers Gelly. "College Students Have Already Changed Forever" [https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2025/08/ai-college-class-of-2026/683901/ ] by Ian Bogost. "Students Hate Them. Universities Need Them. The Only Real Solution to the A.I. Cheating Crisis" [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/26/opinion/culture/ai-chatgpt-college-cheating-medieval.html ] is the blue book, says Clay Shirky.

I'm only a chapter or so into R. F. Kuang's new novel Katabasis – two grad students travel to Hell to rescue their dissertation advisor – but damn, I can't help but quote her here:

<blockquote>Success in this field demanded a forceful, single-minded capacity for self-delusion.</blockquote>

Elsewhere on campus: "This Is the Group That's Been Swatting US Universities," [https://www.wired.com/story/purgatory-gores-swatting-us-universities/ ] says Wired. "Inside the Rise of OnlyFans on College Campuses," [https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a65529930/onlyfans-college-side-hustle-trend-explained-interview-2025/ ] from Town and Country Magazine. Anthropic has released a report [https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-education-report-how-educators-use-claude ] on how it says educators are using Claude, and the data will not surprise you. The New York Post boasts this "exclusive": "First lady Melania Trump will head effort to teach next generation about AI." Perfect. Honestly perfect. No notes.

***

"I am an AI Hater," [https://anthonymoser.github.io/writing/ai/haterdom/2025/08/26/i-am-an-ai-hater.html ] writes Anthony Moser, "and I will not be polite. The machine is disgusting and we should break it. The people who build it are vapid shit-eating cannibals glorifying ignorance. I strongly feel that this is an insult to life itself."

And from Ed Zitron, ever prolix: "How to Argue with an AI Booster." [https://www.wheresyoured.at/how-to-argue-with-an-ai-booster/ ]

[screenshot of Stefan Edward Jones post:

"1997. I-Con SF convention on the SUNY Stony Brook campus.

We put Vernor Vinge and grey eminence of SF Frederik Pohl on a panel about the Singularity.

Before it started, Pohl asked "What is hell is the Singularity?"

I filled him in.

Right there, in front of Vinge:

"What a load of crap. Here's what's going to happen. We're going to burn through our resources, ruin the environment, civilization will collapse, and the survivors will despise us.""]

And finally, Rebecca Solnit on "Circuses vs. Roses: Notes on Pleasure and Scold Culture." [https://www.meditationsinanemergency.com/circuses-vs-roses-notes-on-pleasure-and-scold-culture/ ] That is to say, you can be absolutely enraged about the world, and you can be actively engaged in the struggle for human rights and climate justice, and you can spend some time looking at the pretty photos Travis Kelce and Taylor Swift posted to announce their engagement.

<blockquote>I have no strong feelings about these very wealthy and successful young people, but I do have strong feelings about people who tell us that flowers are bourgeois and we can't take pleasure in what we take pleasure in. Yes we can. And, I think, we must. As one of my favorite gospel songs puts it, "I won't let nobody steal my joy."</blockquote>"]]></description>
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    <title>Is Public Education Over? - by Jennifer Berkshire</title>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1Jms0yCRV0">
    <title>Palestine is getting relegated to an impermissible viewpoint with Christine Hong and Theresa Montano - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-08-07T02:29:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1Jms0yCRV0</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We welcome two brave California educators, Dr. Theresa Montano of Cal State Northridge and Dr. Christine Hong of UC Santa Cruz, who have been at the forefront of developing and advocating for a California Ethnic Studies Curriculum grounded in liberation and social justice rather than identity politics. We discuss how Ethnic Studies went from an insurgent field of knowledge in the 1960s to one adopted in 2017 by California. We also cover why the racist Palestine exception remains alive and well in the state of California; how educators, progressive politicians, and union organizers are pressured into complicity in denying Palestinian history; and we examine, as a generational shift takes place in support of Palestinian freedom and humanity, the insidious California Assembly Bill 715, which was brought by the Jewish Legislative Caucus in the midst of Israel’s genocide against Palestinians in Gaza; we discuss how the bill would censor as “antisemitic” the teaching of Palestinian history by defining anti-Zionism as antisemitism, by amending the state education code to define nationality as a social group with shared values, and by creating a statewide K-12 antisemitism “coordinator” to police teachers and prevent students from learning about Palestine.

Date of recording: July 16, 2025."

[also here:
https://directory.libsyn.com/episode/index/id/37674335
https://sites.libsyn.com/495388/palestine-is-getting-relegated-to-an-impermissible-viewpoint-wchristine-hong-and-theresa-montano ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/the-alpha-bet/">
    <title>The Alpha Bet</title>
    <dc:date>2025-08-01T23:16:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/the-alpha-bet/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Sometimes you have to repeat yourself. Sometimes you didn't say things clearly the first time. Sometimes your intended audience didn't hear you or they didn't listen. Sometimes there were louder voices, different messages that drowned yours out. Sometimes you need a do-over. Sometimes you are certain, "ah, this time, this time, I'll get it right."

To be clear, this is not my making the case for yet another attempt at a Fantastic Four movie – good grief, Marvel. Stop it already.

[screenshot]

It's simply a lament that, back in January, Dan Meyer wrote an excellent essay [https://danmeyer.substack.com/p/the-truth-about-2-hour-learning-and ] on MacKenzie Price's "2 Hour Learning" hustle – schools in which students spend just two hours a day on math and reading and thanks to "AI" instruction (the school boasts "no teachers") students achieve "2.6x," even "6.5x" growth. They "crush it," [https://alpha.school/ ] the company's website reads, echoing the language of startup and hustle-culture figures like Gary Vee and Tim Ferriss.

Dan's essay really should have been the final thing anyone had to say about this whole "2 Hour Learning" endeavor, which a lot like Vee and Ferriss's very popular shtick, sells a certain story that a certain audience finds very appealing. Problem is: it's mostly bullshit.

As Dan quipped, "They haven’t replaced teachers with AI. They have replaced poor kids with rich kids." (They haven't replaced teachers with anything, I'll add. They simply call the adults in the classroom "guides" instead; in some job announcements, they still require these adults have teacher certifications.)

There are, in fact, two versions of the startup product that MacKenzie Price is selling: one, a private school that costs $40K a year, in which students spend those 2 hours doing interactive worksheets (it's not "AI"; it's just plain ol' "adaptive learning" software, cleverly rebranded) and then engage in various hands-on projects for the rest of the day. Shockingly, these affluent students seem to turn out okay!

Price's other startup, Unbound Academy, is a virtual charter school, and she's expecting you conflate the two. She's hoping you not ask obvious questions like "what the hell do students do for the rest of the day once they've done their obligatory click-farming" – because virtual charter schools don't exactly cater to days filled with fun, hands-on group activities. Even more damning, we know that virtual charter schools – "AI"-enhanced are not – are bad, bad news, so bad [https://credo.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/online_press_release.pdf ] that even the Walton Family Foundation, which has regularly funded all sorts of truly terrible educational initiatives, has admitted as much [https://www.waltonfamilyfoundation.org/stories/strategy-and-learning/we-must-rethink-online-learning ]. So bad that students would learn as much math by not attending school at all as they do by attending an online charter school.

I wasn't totally shocked when The New York Times pronounced this week that "A.I.-Driven Education: Founded in Texas and Coming to a School Near You" [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/27/us/politics/ai-alpha-school-austin-texas.html ] – an Alpha School is quite literally coming to a neighborhood near me in NYC. But reading the story, you can see how this vigorous handwaving that some folks are doing about "AI" is already shutting down our critical faculties well before the LLMs have had a chance to do so.

It's all a con. A dangerous, dangerous con.

***

[video embed: https://x.com/disclosetv/status/1949934677885898758 ]

AI is cop shit.

***

Sonja Drimmer writes [https://sonjadrimmer.com/blog-1/2025/7/30/how-to-read-an-ai-press-release ], "Every so often someone like Mark Zuckerberg or Sam Altman will dribble out some unadorned text, announcing with stentorian certitude the advent of a new world that their latest product will avail. Zuck seems to love dressing up his thought bubbles in Times New Roman for the purposes of LARPing intellect, which I find funny and tragic."

The CEO of Meta typed out some deep thoughts on "Personal Superintelligence" [https://www.meta.com/superintelligence/ ] on Wednesday. Or maybe he typed them out earlier – days, weeks, months ago – and it was simply on Wednesday when the folks in PR decided it was okay to hit "publish," lest all the discussions about OpenAI's educational endeavors [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jul/29/chatgpt-openai-chatbot-study-mode-universities-students-education ] and Anthropic's astronomical valuation [https://www.theinformation.com/briefings/anthropic-talks-raise-170-billion-valuation ] pushed Meta out of the "AI" limelight yet again.

Zuckerberg argues that, with superintelligence (whatever that is) "now in sight," we will be freed from the chains of productivity software – a claim I do find quite interesting as I believe this software (the spreadsheet, the "doc," the PowerPoint) has profoundly shaped our thinking [https://www.wired.com/2014/10/a-spreadsheet-way-of-knowledge/ ] over the course of the past few decades. A claim I find interesting, but not appealing because the vision that Zuckerberg has instead – blah blah blah "more time creating and connecting" – is at best totally banal. (There are echoes of Altman here, whose "gentle singularity" [https://blog.samaltman.com/the-gentle-singularity ] is also incredibly vapid.)

The tech oligarchs talk a lot about the coming capabilities of their "AI" to utterly transform everything everything everything but particularly "work"; and yet they seem to have no fucking clue what "work" is, other than writing a few lines of code or sending a few emails. That group chat with Andreessen [https://www.semafor.com/article/04/27/2025/the-group-chats-that-changed-america ] maybe. Work, to them is a white collar affair, almost exclusively managerial at that.

The kinds of reproductive labor that is foundational for everything, that actually maintains the world, is so absent from their vision because they literally do not see the people – Black, brown, immigrant, women – who do this.

But as Zuckerberg tries to carve out his visions for an "AI" that is about everything else beyond work – something that "helps you achieve your goals, create what you want to see in the world, experience any adventure, be a better friend to those you care about, and grow to become the person you aspire to be" – it's so painfully clear there is absolutely no vision at all.

It's all a con. A dangerous, dangerous con.

***

OpenAI has launched something called "study mode" [https://openai.com/index/chatgpt-study-mode/ ] in ChatGPT, which Wired says is "designed around the Socratic method" [https://www.wired.com/story/chatgpt-study-mode/ ] because god knows, if you can reference an ancient Greek philosopher when extolling the benefits of AI tutors, you are home free.

Study mode, according to OpenAI, will not just give students the answers to their homework questions. "Study mode is designed to be engaging and interactive, and to help students learn something—not just finish something." The system prompt [https://chatgpt.com/share/68891e52-8f38-8006-b88b-e8342bf93135 ] specifically instructs the chatbot to

<blockquote>DO NOT GIVE ANSWERS OR DO HOMEWORK FOR THE USER. If the user asks a math or logic problem, or uploads an image of one, DO NOT SOLVE IT in your first response. Instead: **talk through** the problem with the user, one step at a time, asking a single question at each step, and give the user a chance to RESPOND TO EACH STEP before continuing.</blockquote>

None of this will stop students from using plain ol' regular ChatGPT to do their homework for them, of course, but I guess we're supposed to still clap that OpenAI "takes education seriously" or some shit like that.

The system prompt also says

<blockquote>Be warm, patient, and plain-spoken; don't use too many exclamation marks or emoji. Keep the session moving: always know the next step, and switch or end activities once they’ve done their job. And be brief — don't ever send essay-length responses. Aim for a good back-and-forth.</blockquote>

As Benjamin Breen observes in his testing of study mode [https://resobscura.substack.com/p/openais-new-study-mode-and-the-risks ], there are a lot of assumptions here about what "good teaching" looks like. (Socrates, clearly – renowned for his warmth, patience and plain-speaking.) Breen finds he's able to get the chatbot to be quite agreeable, raising the specter of the recent update that made its responses even too sycophantic for the very sycophantic Sam Altman. "A future of LLM tutors which are optimized to keep us using the platform happily — or, perhaps even worse, optimized to get us to self-report that we are learning — is not a future of Socratic exploration," Breen writes. "It’s one where the goals of education have been misunderstood to be encouragement rather than friction and challenge."

The vision of the future, as imagined Altman and Zuckerberg and Thiel et al, is one in which they cannot fathom anyone ever pushing back, ever bristling at them. It's a world without friction. A world without disagreement. It's a con. A dangerous, dangerous con.

(Related: Timothy Burke argues "Generative AI IS the Marshmallow Test." [https://timothyburke.substack.com/p/generative-ai-is-the-marshmallow ] And Rusty Fowler contends "We Need to Talk about Sloppers" [www.todayintabs.com/p/we-need-to-talk-about-sloppers-b732 ] – those people who use ChatGPT to make every decision.)

***

There have been a number of posts on LinkedIn recently, that hub of AI hype, about how students are going to use AI agents to do every task assigned in the LMS and how teachers are going to use AI agents to do every task in the LMS and what-are-you-going-to-do-about-it. And listen, I get the urge to sing "the Doom Song." [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nw_cdqQHGA8 ] But as I watch some of these, I am utterly unimpressed with the technology mostly because it's the goddamn LMS. I mean, yeah – we've built an utterly templated pedagogy with templated tasks on top of a templated online portal and someone's trained a bot to ingest the templates and automate the templates and click the little boxes and we're supposed to be panicked / thrilled?! [https://biblioracle.substack.com/p/chatgpt-cant-kill-anything-worth ]

***

The Wall Street Journal reports that "The Most-Taught Books in American Classrooms Have Barely Changed in 30 Years," [https://www.wsj.com/us-news/education/books-most-popular-american-schools-class-982c57fd ] drawing on a recent NCTE survey [https://ncte.org/blog/2025/07/literature-use-in-secondary-english-classrooms/ ]. The top 10: Romeo and Juliet. The Great Gatsby. The Crucible. Macbeth. Of Mice and Men. To Kill a Mockingbird. Night. Hamlet. Fahrenheit 451. Frankenstein.

"The staying power of the classics...has as much to do with inertia as literary merit" – inertia. The ol' "schools haven't changed in hundreds of years" (or in this case decades) narrative strikes again.

But it's so much more complicated than that. (It always is.) Book bans are at an all-time high [https://biblioracle.substack.com/p/chatgpt-cant-kill-anything-worth ], and attempts to introduce different texts, diverse texts, are met with hostility, even violence. According to the NCTE data, 20% of teachers reported having no choice in book selection; even more said they were following a scripted curriculum.

Such a strong push for "AI" agents; barely a word about teacher autonomy. Perhaps that's the point.

Such a strong push for automated text extrusion in the classroom, but little questioning about why the machinery might write so passably about Romeo and Juliet.

***

"Waiting until kindergarten to start teaching AI literacy misses a key window of opportunity," [https://www.the74million.org/zero2eight/why-ai-literacy-instruction-needs-to-start-before-kindergarten/ ] says sponsored content in The 74, so that's a depressing way to begin a learner's life (and end this newsletter)."]]></description>
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    <title>Ethnic studies faces SF pressure decades after birth in city | Education | sfexaminer.com</title>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>ethnicstudies sanfrancisco sfusd schools schooling education sfsu gregwong history thirdworldliberationfront publicschools highered highereducation colleges universities academia ucberkeley 1968 1969 laureenchew fredkorematsu jeffleong mariasu</dc:subject>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The great American wealth transfer is underway"]]></description>
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    <title>The AI slop that Mike Miles is feeding HISD | Opinion</title>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[archived:
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via:
https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/bird-of-pray/ ]

"[image: "A close-up view of an AI-generated image from an HISD lesson plan on the Harlem Renaissance. The image appears in a separate place on a student worksheet."]

The Harlem Renaissance produced a rich tapestry of poems, novels and paintings of Black life in the early 20th century, all expressing the artistry and brilliance of people whose equal citizenship and full humanity had long been denied.

Yet this February, when eighth graders in the Houston Independent School District sat down for a lesson about the movement’s significance, they were treated to a slideshow with zero images made by Harlem Renaissance artists.

Instead, students were shown two obviously AI-generated illustrations. Both depicted Black people with missing or monstrously distorted facial features, a tell-tale sign of “AI slop.”

Buildings pictured were inscribed with gibberish, including a misspelling of the word “Renaissance.” 

And when students turned to a passage about poetry and literature in the Harlem Renaissance, they found more AI-generated illustrations in the margins — but no actual poems. With strictly-timed exercises forcing students to move swiftly through a set of multiple-choice questions like those they would see on end-of-year tests, there was little time for verse.

On May 8, the HISD Board of Managers approved the controversial curriculum that contains lessons like this one for use again next year. The rubber stamp was expected, given the Board’s unstinting support for the state-appointed superintendent Mike Miles and his New Education System (NES).

But this decision is only the latest of many reasons why we — as educators at Rice University and parents of HISD students — are so concerned about the district’s direction since its takeover by the Texas Education Agency in 2023.

At Rice, we also belong to a diverse group of nearly 50 university employees who have met over the last three semesters to discuss our experiences and perspectives as HISD parents and supporters. We join with others in our community who worry about the education Houston’s children are receiving.

[image: "These AI-generated images are from an HISD lesson plan on the Harlem Renaissance and appear in separate places on a student worksheet."]

A failure to listen

The situation is urgent. On June 1, the TEA takeover was extended for another two years and four of the state-appointed board members — who some community members felt had been the most responsive to their concerns — were abruptly replaced. Already, NES is being touted by state officials and Miles as a miraculous turnaround for Houston schools. They point to some improvements in standardized test scores and claim that the district should be a model nationwide.

Yet the public lacks sufficient data or independent research to draw firm conclusions. Meanwhile, the takeover has alienated huge factions of the Houston community.

According to a recent article in the Houston Chronicle, Ric Campo, president of the district’s state-appointed board of managers, “said the only times he hears negative feedback about Miles is at local protests or at school board meetings.”

If that’s so, Campo and other members of the board are not listening hard enough.

Our conversations with fellow educators and parents suggest that a centralized curriculum infused with AI slop is just one symptom of ongoing disregard for teacher expertise and community concerns. In fact, it is emblematic of Miles’s disruptive reforms two years in, as well as the broader statewide shift towards mandates driven by standardized tests.

The slop is what results from a series of poor choices about public education in Texas, from severe underfunding to undemocratic governance to mandated curricula. This is what it looks like to adopt a school reform plan on the model of a Silicon Valley boardroom, with its ethos of moving fast and breaking things in the name of efficiency and innovation. 

Our schools do need a renaissance. This isn’t it.

[image: "This HISD worksheet features an AI-generated image showing a horse with three hind legs."]

Lazy errors and lifeless lessons

Little is publicly available about the content of HISD’s centrally planned curriculum, aside from the district’s decision to hire a new “artificial intelligence” company called Prof Jim to help generate worksheets, slides and reading passages for use in Miles’s schools. HISD is the company’s first school-district client.

Most Houstonians therefore remain in the dark about the district’s materials, which are already part of the curricula at all but a handful of HISD campuses. In our experience, it’s not always clear where a given lesson has come from. Elements of our own children’s curriculum this year were culled from or generated by a variety of sources, including Canva, Edmentum, Khanmigo, voronoiapp.com and flocabulary.com. More sources are listed in the district’s AI guidebook. 

HISD parents, though, can see what is going on. All school-year long, in online forums and community meetings, we have shared troubling findings from our students’ computers and backpacks: worksheets riddled with errors and lifeless lessons that stifle curiosity and emphasize standardized tests.

We commiserate about the lazy misspellings in district-provided PowerPoints (Brahmins, not Bhramins!), YouTube videos of questionable origin, and generally confounding discussion questions — with incorrect punctuation to boot: “What is the exclamation point(s) to something that surprised you.”

We try to laugh about our most absurd discoveries, like the worksheet on transportation technology that asked seventh graders to analyze a picture of an automobile mashed up with a chariot — pulled by an AI-generated horse with three hind legs.

Or the one for a third-grade “Art of Thinking” class that asks students to match prompts to a chatbot’s responses and then “identify how AI positively impacts critical thinking.”

Or the Harlem Renaissance slides without Harlem Renaissance art.

All of these examples come from students and parents we personally know, but we worry over the future for all of Houston’s children as alarm bells about HISD sound.

A culture of surveillance and micromanagement has taken root, creating a revolving door of principals and staff at both NES and non-NES schools. The district is continuing to hemorrhage experienced and certified teachers; many would rather leave Houston or the profession than stay in schools with rigid, one-size-fits-all methods. 274 HISD schools now have only 23 librarians between them, while libraries have been converted into team centers where students pore over AI-generated texts instead of novels and textbooks. 

And lest it sound like this has all been about “failing” campuses, promises of “defined autonomy” for high-performing schools have gone unfulfilled. When Miles launched the NES program in 2023-2024, it was implemented in 85 schools. Today, NES is in 130 schools, and the difference between the two kinds of campuses is increasingly blurry.

[image: "A close-up view of an AI-generated image from an HISD lesson plan on the Harlem Renaissance."]

As HISD loses talent, so does Houston

Now another school year has come to an end. Once again, we are receiving notes from our children’s teachers announcing their departure from HISD for private schools or public districts where their expertise is respected. Once again, we are reading articles about principal removals.

This year, our group at Rice is paying particular attention to the fact that we are starting to lose colleagues, too. Ongoing turmoil at HISD will only make it harder for our university, as well as local businesses, hospitals, tech start-ups and arts institutions, to recruit and retain staff with school-age children. Equally, we are seeing the growing impact of disinvestment from public education across the state on our students at Rice.

For-profit “educational technology” companies like Prof Jim are eager to turn the crisis of public disinvestment into a money-making opportunity. In a public talk last year, the company’s CEO and founder proudly claimed that, “We are now able to use AI to automatically create things like slide decks for teachers … You just push a button.” He predicted that within 10 years, robots would be good enough to enter physical classrooms and teach. 

HISD says that humans review all AI-generated lessons before teachers use them. We don’t find that reassuring given what we’ve seen. And how sad that teachers have to spend time and labor sorting through and editing AI slop, when there is a wealth of vetted teaching material available that experienced teachers have long used.

As K-12 school curricula continue to be reshaped by unproven educational technologies and the demands of state tests, we anticipate that HISD students headed to college will be seriously disadvantaged compared to their peers from other districts whose teachers are trusted to teach beyond the test. And we fear that uncritical adoption of AI will only deepen student deficits when it comes to long-form reading and writing.

National news reports are full of scandal over college students using AI chatbots, short-circuiting the hard work of learning and short-changing themselves in the process. But can we blame them if they’ve been learning from the likes of Prof Jim?

[image: "A Houston ISD school work hand out, consisting of reading passages written by artificial intelligence company ‘Prof Jim Inc.’, is photographed on Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2024 in Houston. This kind of artificial intelligence is now a part of the district curriculum."]

What works? A well-funded, complete education

Of course, we recognize that HISD was not perfect before the takeover. Far too many students were being left behind. That’s why we have also been working to educate ourselves about the structural challenges facing public education and the different viewpoints on how to address them. 

Research from Rice’s own Kinder Institute shows that 73% of Texas public school districts are already deeply underfunded. HISD is one of the worst off, in the “severely underfunded” category. Yet the governor recently signed a $1 billion voucher bill that diverts public dollars to private schools. The legislature increased public school funding but not enough to keep up with inflation. Per student funding remains shamefully low.

So, is the ongoing takeover the right solution to the problem? With so little oversight and accountability to voters? Without the corresponding investment from the state? And without a compelling vision for the education of Houston’s children beyond tracking their scores on tests?
In another recent interview, Campo emphasized the role of public schools in producing “enough people to employ” for “our economy,” overlooking their role in cultivating the intellects, imaginations and creative capacities of our students. 

The omission is telling. And while preparation for meaningful employment matters, this narrowed vision of the goal of public education is not one that we should fully embrace. 

In fact, a broader vision is suggested by a partial quotation from Martin Luther King, Jr., displayed on an HISD website for curriculum design. 

As quoted there, King once said, “The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education.”

In his full text, however, King said that and more. Though he could not foresee worksheets written by robots, or policies that equate learning outcomes with test scores, King rightly warned that “education which stops with efficiency may prove the greatest menace to society.”
“The complete education,” he continued, “gives one not only power of concentration, but worthy objectives upon which to concentrate.”

HISD’s destabilizing personnel changes, choppy instructional methods, overreliance on AI-generated materials, and standardized approach are directly at odds with these goals we share as educators, parents and community members.

All Houston students deserve a complete education. Under the present leadership, is that what they are getting?

W. Caleb McDaniel is Mary Gibbs Jones Professor of Humanities at Rice University. Ragini Tharoor Srinivasan is an assistant professor of English at Rice University. Both are HISD parents. "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/religious-right-real-origins-107133/">
    <title>The Real Origins of the Religious Right - POLITICO Magazine</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-28T16:43:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/religious-right-real-origins-107133/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["They’ll tell you it was abortion. Sorry, the historical record’s clear: It was segregation."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.phoenixprojectnow.com/phoenix-review/blog/the-plan-to-eliminate-public-schools-has-started-in-san-francisco">
    <title>The Plan to Eliminate Public Schools Has Started in San Francisco - The Phoenix Project</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-26T04:01:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.phoenixprojectnow.com/phoenix-review/blog/the-plan-to-eliminate-public-schools-has-started-in-san-francisco</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Last October, grassroots organizations, families, and educators thwarted then-Mayor London Breed’s push to permanently shutter 13 public schools. School closures are a conservative tool used as further “evidence” that public-schools are “failing,” a justification for charter schools, vouchers and the eventual privatization of public education. How did San Francisco, often misleadingly described as a bastion of progressivism, arrive at this moment?

A concerted effort by moneyed conservatives to tarnish the city’s public school system, especially its governing body, was behind this effort. Sullying the San Francisco Board of Education with charges of incompetence furthers their agenda, one that drains public schools of resources and denies the community a voice in how its children are educated. 

It is an often-used strategy employed against public school districts around the country, particularly those with left-leaning boards.

The right-wingers found their moment during the devastating COVID-19 pandemic. The “reopen schools” movement emerged early, well before vaccines became available, a callous decision given that the virus would take more than a million American lives. 

“Reopening” became the bludgeon used against the San Francisco Board of Education, eventually leading to the recall of three of its members: President Gabriela López, Vice President Alison Collins and Commissioner Faauuga Moliga. López, who is Latina, Collins, who is Black, and Moliga, the only Pacific Islander ever elected to public office in San Francisco, had been consistent advocates for the students of color who comprise more than 80% of the public school population.

San Francisco joined the pile on. In December 2020, the Board of Supervisors unanimously passed a resolution, co-authored by the San Francisco Parent Coalition (formerly known as “Decreasing the Distance"), demanding that the board agree to in-person instruction. Vaccines for educators, parents, grandparents or those with pre-existing conditions, would not become available for months.

Although the San Francisco Parent Coalition purported to be a grassroots group, it is not. In fact, it has strong ties to the Astroturf Network, especially Neighbors for a Better San Francisco. Neighbors’ founder, longtime Republican mega donor William Oberndorf, is a long-time advocate for “school choice.” Not only does Oberndorf have a long history of bankrolling right-wing candidates and causes, he replaced Betsy DeVos as the chairperson of the American Federation for Children in 2016 after Trump appointed DeVos as Secretary of Education.

The Parent Coalition also received donations from billionaire venture capitalist Michael Moritz through his Crankstart Foundation. Moritz has been a generous donor to conservative Democrat candidates and causes in San Francisco. In addition, the Coalition is the chapter of a national organization, the National Parents Union, which is funded by the Walton Family Foundation, long-time proponents of school vouchers.

Maurice T. Cunningham, author of Dark Money and the Politics of School Privatization, writes that “privatizers like the Waltons and their partners are using the Covid crisis as an opportunity to attack and undermine public education. For obvious reasons they can’t become the public face of that activity, so they underwrite. . . NPU (National Parents Union) to masquerade as parent representatives.”

At the time of the Board of Supervisors’ vote, the city lacked a feasible plan for keeping students and educators safe. Not only was a vaccine unavailable, the district lacked the necessary equipment to properly ventilate classrooms. In response to the supervisors’ vote, Kim Tavaglione, executive director of the San Francisco Labor Council, issued a scathing rebuke: “I think it is despicable that any politician is criticizing educators and faculty of school districts for the schools not opening. They sit in their ivory towers being safe while criticizing others for caring about their safety. It’s unfair and not true. All workers should have the absolute right to bargain their own safety,”

Two months later, City Attorney Dennis Herrera, at the behest of Mayor Breed, brought a lawsuit against the San Francisco School Board, the School District, and then-Superintendent Vincent Matthews for failing to reopen. The lawsuit quoted Emily Oster, an economist without a medical background. Oster furthered the false claim that schools were not a significant source of COVID-19 spread. Notably, her “research” is funded by leading right-wing groups and individuals including those with strong ties to the charter-school movement.

López, Collins, and Moliga were recalled in February 2022, victims of a campaign that not only tarred them as incompetent, but also claims that they were under the thrall of San Francisco’s teachers’ union. A pro-recall political action committee, Concerned Parents Supporting the Recall of Collins, López and Moliga, raised more than $1 million. Donors included Oberndorf’s Neighbors for a Better San Francisco, which spent $458,800 in donations, making it the largest single contributor.

A newly constituted Board of Education acted quickly to appease conservatives. It relinquished its traditional oversight over school district operations, adopting the Student-Outcomes Focused Governance model. The model has been used as another weapon for school privatization. According to Moira Kaleida, national director of Alliance to Reclaim Our Schools,  “The ultimate goal of the Student Outcomes Focused Governance (SOFG) model is to dismantle public education through realignment and transformation (school closures and privatization).” The model is a program of the Council of the Great City Schools, which is funded by the pro-charter school foundation the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

The mayhem and budget mismanagement that ensued has been used to forward a narrative that schools needed to close.

School closures would devastate communities where they provide critical support to struggling students and their families. “In a lot of these neighborhoods, schools are the last institutions standing. Grocery stores, parks, churches may be gone, and schools become the community’s backbone,” said Noli Brazil, a professor at the University of California at Davis. Real estate developers are notorious for policies that push Black families out of neighborhoods, easing the path toward gentrification. School closures, which disproportionately target Black and Brown schools, are a vehicle for this pushout. The people buying the luxury housing the developers are building are much more likely to be able to afford private schools than the working class families they are displacing.

School closures also reduce the quality of the education for those that remain. Classroom sizes balloon, leading to poorer academic outcomes and long-term harm. According to Education Week, “Students who attend a school that closes during their K-12 career have lower test scores along with worse attendance and behavior in the short term. In the long term, they’re less likely than their peers to complete college and have a job, and their earnings tend to be lower.”

Moreover, school closures rarely fail to save significant money. A 2011 report by the Pew Charitable Trusts examined school closures in Chicago, Detroit, Kansas City, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C. finding that “no district has reaped anything like a windfall.”  According to the Advancement Project, “School closures often lead to further decreased enrollment when neighborhoods are left only with charter options, which only further exacerbates any budget shortfalls.”  

After a pause, Superintendent Maria Su is again  beating the drum for a renewed discussion of school closures, regardless that they save little money. San Francisco’s neighborhoods should not have to endure the blight and chaos caused by school building closures. And every child in San Francisco deserves a world-class school in their neighborhood.

Brandee Marckmann is a public school parent and organizer with the San Francisco Education Alliance."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.kqed.org/news/12037206/why-is-private-schooling-so-popular-in-the-san-francisco-bay-area">
    <title>Why Is Private Schooling So Popular in the San Francisco Bay Area? | KQED</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-03T06:13:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.kqed.org/news/12037206/why-is-private-schooling-so-popular-in-the-san-francisco-bay-area</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://missionlocal.org/2025/04/sf-scrap-bayview-arts-nonprofit-losing-lease/">
    <title>SCRAP, the longtime Bayview arts nonprofit, is losing its lease</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-24T04:56:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://missionlocal.org/2025/04/sf-scrap-bayview-arts-nonprofit-losing-lease/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Sweetheart rent of $1,000 a month from SFUSD will end next year"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/private-schools-dont-want-an-all">
    <title>Private Schools Don't Want an All-Private-School-Voucher Future</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-24T04:45:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/private-schools-dont-want-an-all</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["the whole point of American private school is keeping the poor kids out"

...

"An NYT piece on the relentless march of Republican-powered “school choice” states the obvious:

<blockquote>In campaigning for the bill, supporters did not dwell on old arguments that promoted choice’s potential to improve public education through competition, or on the belief that academic achievement would improve in private schools.

Instead, Gov. Greg Abbott and allies emphasized parental rights and personalized learning. They also leaned on the culture war issues that have dominated the Trump era, arguing that vouchers would allow families to escape liberal teachings on gender, sexuality and race.</blockquote>

This has been one of the most obvious shifts in ed reform debates since the high-water mark of liberal zeal for school reform during the middle of the Obama administration. Private school vouchers became more directly right-wing coded as liberals doubled down on charter schools, and as they did, school quality improvements ceased to be a central argument in their favor. In part, this was because conservatives cared about other values, in part it was because “freedom” and “choice” proved to be a more effective sales pitch, and in part it was because the research record regarding school vouchers is truly dismal. I must admit that, as much as I hate the whole agenda - public funds should be used for public schools, not private enterprise, and particularly not for religious indoctrination - there’s something refreshing about this abandonment of equality jargon as a justification for ed policy. Typically school reform types hold on to their justice rhetoric like death.

It makes me think of a bit of a counternarrative that I’ve heard about charters over the years, actually. Charter schools have been wrapped up in liberatory language for so long it’s hard to extricate the concept from that packaging. Core to that promise is the “no child left behind” element, the idea that the school reform movement has a deep moral duty to save each and every kid and that the various tools school districts and states have used to shuffle poorly-performing students off the books are immoral.1 It’s for that reason that longstanding and serious concerns about how charter schools manipulate their student bodies are so morally challenging for the movement; if it’s true that the best charter schools develop that reputation by getting selective with admissions in a way public schools can’t, it directly undermines their claims to being part of a righteous reform movement. But as the years have passed since my first book came out and I’ve talked to more and more people from various places in the educational landscape, I’ve heard from a few charter-adjacent people - a half-dozen parents maybe, a handful of teachers and administrators - who actually affirm the very thing that I’ve been accusing charters of for years: that they exist as a tool to prune incoming student bodies, using various tricks to keep out the students who are hardest to educate. A few brave souls have told me, in fact, that such exclusionary behavior is exactly the point.

Exactly the point, that is, because in this telling it’s precisely the universal guarantee of public education that ruins everything. To hear these rare advocates tell it, a central problem with struggling schools and districts is that the students who don’t care and don’t want to be there are disruptive of the whole enterprise, ruining it for everyone else. This is a hard matter to prove empirically - like just about everything else in the research record, the evidence for peer effects is far more muted than you’d guess based on rhetoric - but certainly in the broader social sense feels intuitively compelling. It’s hard to run a school with violence issues, hard to give adequate attention to students who need it when constantly diverted to behavioral problems, hard to justify using resources on students who plainly don’t want to be there. So for those charter advocates, the selection bias is a feature, not a bug. The whole point is to give the kids who care a chance to escape from the places that have to warehouse the kids who don’t.

I think that this is also quietly at play with the deeper question of whether school really has much impact on quantitative metrics at all. As I tell people all the time, parents have almost literally zero sense of a given school’s educational quality, despite evincing total confidence in that understanding; I personally believe that school quality (as defined as the ability to manipulate quantitative metrics and relative placement in the performance distribution!) is largely illusory, but even if you don’t agree, sorting out what’s input and what’s output is really challenging. I often want to ask parents who are sending their kids to Montessori or whatever if they’re really confident that it’s going to result in better learning outcomes for their kid; I suspect that they know that their kid is going to flourish anywhere. (Parents tend to understand the inelasticity of school outcomes when it comes to their own kid, even if that reality remains untenable as a broader observation; they don’t expect their child to bounce around from A student to D and back again, they expect their child to perform as well as they always have.) Which again speaks to a part of all this that usually goes unspoken, for obvious reasons: a lot of parents, even progressive parents, just don’t want their kids to go to school with the wrong sort. Sometimes that’s explicitly racist and classist. More often, I suspect, it’s inchoate and vague. But still powerful.

Which brings me to private school generally. One important point about American education that I think often goes under the radar: private school teachers, in general, get paid less than their public school counterparts. Often a lot less, with typical estimates for median pay gap around $15-$20k a year. And even this is a little distorted, given that the priciest private academies will often pay dramatic outlier salaries to their teachers, bending the average up. This is all true despite the fact that there isn’t any particular pedagogical difference between public and private; while there are specific private school traditions like Montessori that have some systematic pedagogical differences, private schools generally teach the same material in about the same way as public. (You’ll note that ed reform boilerplate is almost always about teacher hiring and firing decisions, tenure, pay, “accountability,” etc. - that is, administrative issues, not pedagogical.) So why would private school teachers accept such a scenario, making much less money than their public counterparts while doing more or less the same thing in the classroom?

The answer, of course, is that private schools screen out the hardest-to-educate kids, making the job of a teacher much more attractive. I don’t think this is some libelous argument. The costs of private school alone tend to make the student bodies much easier to manage, many have onerous application processes that can require a transcript review and/or testing, many have requirements regarding past attendance and behavior, and with a few exceptions related to federally-prohibited discrimination, they can refuse any students they choose. Private schools also rarely offer special education services unless they are specifically dedicated to that task, and practically speaking they have far less onerous standards to meet if parents allege that their special education student’s needs aren’t being met. (Special ed is, for the record, the biggest source of supposed cost and efficiency advantages that private schools have over public; special ed cost public schools $50 billion a year… a quarter century ago.) In general, private school student bodies are far richer and whiter than public, with dramatically lower behavior and attendance problems and with more engaged and dedicated parents. This is what private school teachers are getting in exchange for lower salaries; it’s just a far easier job thanks to the differences in who you’re teaching.

And so consider now the longstanding libertarian dream of getting rid of government-funded and run schools altogether and just distributing money to parents to pay for private schooling. This doesn’t work for a variety of reasons, and the special ed point is a good example of why; like a lot of government-funded enterprise, K-12 schooling relies on pooling money together to pay for costs that are unequal from student to student. (That is to say, a kid/the parents of a kid who’s not in special ed, doesn’t have serious behavioral problems, and doesn’t require remediation are in a certain sense subsidizing those who do.) There’s also the fact that, as the NYT piece says, in many contexts the introduction of private school vouchers simply incentivizes local private schools to raise their prices. But those private school teachers and their worse salaries, worse job security, and lack of labor power point to the bigger problem: the whole enterprise of private school is built on exclusion. Parents don’t like private school despite the fact that private schools exclude certain kinds of students. They like private schools because they exclude certain kinds of students. Switch the United States to an all-voucher system, and suddenly you’re threatening both what parents like about sending their kids to private school and what private school employees like about working in them.

This, again, is a case of where having a big educational network has helped me hear the quiet part out loud. Talk to some people involved in the world of private education, and you’ll note a great deal of ambivalence towards the idea of a vastly larger world of vouchers. Of course they’d like to get their hands on some tax dollars. But very few are eager to simply become the workforce of a new de facto public school system; that’s not what they got into private education for, and it’s certainly not why most parents like private schools. I know that some will treat this as a terribly inflammatory set of statements, but it’s simply the case that what defines the sales job for private school is the fact that it is not public school.

And voucher programs already underline that fact. The Times piece points out that “new schools founded to take advantage of private-school choice policies have sometimes struggled to find their footing and shut down quickly, sending students back into public education.” Why are new schools necessary when voucher programs have tended to remain limited in size, relative to public schooling? Because in general, private schools that accept vouchers are not necessarily giving up any of their usual right to selectivity - meaning that parents might be newly armed with money, but unable to spend it at the schools of their choice. An inevitable outcome of a vast new voucher system is going to be a mushrooming number of shitty, fly-by-night schools that exist simply to sop up loose voucher cash. The “good” private schools will remain out of reach to most families, which is imperative for those schools, because their status as “good” schools depends on having good student bodies, that is, on their continuing to exclude marginal students. And once we understand this, we’re really putting a ton of weight on the value of CHOICE in and of itself. Is that really what parents crave, choice? Or is it the choice to get into a good school? And are they prepared to grapple with the question of whether good schools are good precisely because they exclude the hardest-to-educate students?

Two things that sit in tension with each other: government-funded and run universal education for all children is one of the best things this country ever did, and exclusion has always been core to education and how it functions. I am a big, big fan of compulsory public education for children, even though I think that students should be able to drop out sooner than policy currently allows. That surprises some people, given that I think that different individual students have different individual levels of academic potential and this potential seems largely static. But that’s only a knock against universal education if you think the point is for everyone to become an academic star, which is the opposite of what I think. The fact remains, though, that for most the world’s history, before reformers like John Dewey spread the gospel of universal potential, very few assumed that education had an egalitarian purpose at all. Education, for much of the world’s history, has been fundamentally about preparing an already-blessed elite. And while that assumption came packaged with all manner of noxious attitudes, the rise of egalitarian educational rhetoric has brought with it the many distributional paradoxes I’m forever pointing out. It remains true that there’s only room for 1% of students in the academic 1%, and that it will never be possible for every student - and every school - to be above average.

High school kids who get rejected from their dream college might cry for the missed opportunity. But they still don’t wish that the school would drop all of its selectivity and start accepting every student who applies; part of what they dreamed of, after all, was being blessed by that selectivity. Something like that is happening with private school too, where more and more vouchers are inevitably going to make plain the reality that what parents want for their kids is precisely to set them up in an ivory tower that those other kids can’t climb into."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://rosselliotbarkan.com/p/the-vanishing-genius">
    <title>The Vanishing Genius - Political Currents by Ross Barkan</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-07T23:18:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://rosselliotbarkan.com/p/the-vanishing-genius</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["And I think, watching these children from afar, that almost none of them are going to conceive the next Pet Sounds or Song of Solomon or Mulholland Drive. For all the obsessing modern parents do over the fates of their children, they’re happy to toss out an iPad or a smartphone or a Nintendo Switch and let their boys and girls melt, slowly, in the blue light. A person close to me once suggested that wardens should start giving prisoners iPhones because there’s nothing that will more rapidly pacify an unruly and restless population. If iPhones were teleported back in time to the twentieth century, would we have a twentieth century? Much of the mass culture then, high and middle, was birthed, with little exaggeration, in unremarkable New York City public schools. Here’s one era: Paul Simon (Forest Hills HS ‘59, with Art Garfunkel), Carole King (James Madison HS ‘58), Barbra Streisand (Erasmus Hall HS ‘59), Neil Diamond (Lincoln HS ‘58, and attended Erasmus with Streisand), Barry Manilow (Easten District HS ‘61), David Geffen (New Utrecht HS ‘60), and Tony Visconti (New Utrecht HS ‘60). Gerry Goffin went to the more selective Brooklyn Tech and graduated in 1957. Lou Reed grew up in the nearby Long Island suburb of Freeport and graduated Freeport High in 1959. If you’re looking for literary lions, the city public schools have a few, including Arthur Miller (Lincoln HS ‘32), James Baldwin (attended DeWitt Clinton HS), Cynthia Ozick (Hunter College HS ‘46), and Norman Mailer (Boys High ‘39). This is not an argument for sending your precious offspring to neighborhood New York schools—no school anywhere has magic genius fairy dust to make your child into a generational talent—but it is a reminder that these men and women all had parents who behaved very differently than today’s spiritual technocrats. All of these giants, in their youth, had time to dream—and dream grandly. What kind of time do children have now? What about teenagers? Twenty-somethings? Brian Wilson once called music God’s voice and I mull this occasionally, the link between art and divinity and the purpose of a human life. If we want to give honor to something greater than ourselves, we must not squander the potential we do have, the genius we might harbor. To do so would be, if not a sin against creation, then a tragedy. And an avoidable one."

[via:
https://blog.ayjay.org/two-quotations-on-the-effects-of-phones/ ]]]></description>
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    <title>San Francisco schools in 'dark money' crackdown</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-02T18:09:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://sfstandard.com/2025/04/02/sf-parents-pta-dark-money-crackdown-public-schools/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The city is home to some of California's biggest PTA fundraisers. Faced with new rules, the wealthy may flee SFUSD altogether."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://chrishedges.substack.com/p/erasing-history-how-fascism-works">
    <title>Erasing History: How Fascism Works (w/ Jason Stanley)</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-27T06:23:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://chrishedges.substack.com/p/erasing-history-how-fascism-works</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Jason Stanley joins The Chris Hedges Report to give proper context to what fascism means and how the Trump administration’s second term could really mean the completion of the American fascist state."

]]></description>
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    <title>Computing versus Democracy</title>
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<item rdf:about="https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/03/bilingual-education-2/">
    <title>Why California’s bilingual education progress has slowed - CalMatters</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-18T21:54:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2025/03/bilingual-education-2/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Just one bill invests in bilingual education programs and its focus on instructional materials is a far cry from the systemic change advocates have called for."]]></description>
<dc:subject>schools schooling california publicschools bilingual education 2025 taragarcíamathewson funding softbank masayoshison cheguevara marxism truth abuse</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/save-the-library-save-the-world/id1648960830?i=1000683085784">
    <title>Save the Library, Save the World - Socialism Conference - Apple Podcasts</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-17T23:54:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/save-the-library-save-the-world/id1648960830?i=1000683085784</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Emily Drabinski and Mariame Kaba speak in this session recorded at Socialism 2024. This session was sponsored by Social Justice Initiative. The public library is an example of the world we want. Everything from books and media to cake pans and garden tools are held in common and shared equitably, expanding the public good and access to it. This is precisely why libraries are under attack, and why we must organize to win the library and, in turn, the world. The next Socialism Conference will be held in Chicago, July 3-6. Learn more about the Socialism Conference at www.socialismconference.org. Buy books from Haymarket: www.haymarketbooks.org Follow Haymarket on podcast platforms for regular event recordings, book talks, political analyses and poetry readings!"]]></description>
<dc:subject>2024 emiliydrabinski mariamekaba libraries books media publicgoods publiclibraries us librarians socialism organizing bookbans libraryboards politics unions unionization governance public funding equity left sustainability socialwork communities community rightwing centerleft farright power mobilization publicgood infrastructure maintenance exlibris education publicschools schools prisons prisonabolition commons publicparks privatization commoning softbank masayoshison cheguevara marxism truth abuse</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/what-the-assault-on-public-education-means-for-kids-with-disabilities">
    <title>What the Assault on Public Education Means for Kids with Disabilities | The New Yorker</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-19T20:52:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/what-the-assault-on-public-education-means-for-kids-with-disabilities</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The future of the Department of Education may hinge on the world views of two billionaires who abhor what they perceive as weakness and waste."
]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/venture-capitals-epistemology-violent-masculinity-and-eugenics/">
    <title>Venture-Backed Conspiracies</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-17T18:42:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/venture-capitals-epistemology-violent-masculinity-and-eugenics/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I regret to inform you that Paul Graham, investor and founder of the startup training program Y Combinator, has published a new essay: "The Origins of Wokeness." You can tell the political bent of his screed by the invocation of "woke," no doubt. But at this stage, I'm not sure we even need to see this sort of thing in writing – it's become abundantly clear that Silicon Valley has fully embraced reactionary politics.

"Wokeness," Graham claims, is a "mind virus," the latest version of "political correctness" which he says emerged from universities – surprise, surprise – in the 1980s. Those origins are not in their math or engineering departments, of course. "Obviously it began in the humanities and social sciences." Obviously. These are fields that are too "soft" and too feminized – intellectually inadequate to prepare students for a high-tech future, as we're often told, and yet somehow also so incredibly powerful that they can bend all of society to suit their outrageous political demands, all while making it dangerous for rich white men like Graham to openly speak their minds.

"I saw political correctness arise," he tells us. He was there. "When I started college in 1982 it was not yet a thing. Female students might object if someone said something they considered sexist, but no one was getting reported for it."

Oh.

It had been safe in earlier decades, he claims, to be a physics professor and be a radical – hahaha, tell me you haven't seen Oppenheimer without telling me you haven't seen Oppenheimer, Paul – but things soon changed. And now, thanks to the media (both traditional journalism and social media), folks get really mad and, even worse, really loud when you're racist or sexist. (The last time I interacted with Paul Graham, incidentally, was on Twitter circa 2016. He was upset that someone had called him a racist and I reminded him – before he blocked me – that there was one good way of not being called a racist....)

Graham rails against women – women, he argues, enjoy being "moral enforcers" more than men. He rails against leftism – Marxism, of course, and the Cultural Revolution – and against recent civil rights movements – Black Lives Matter, the Me Too Movement. He insists that these forces are all "aggressively conventionally minded" and engage in "aggressively performative moralism" – which writing a 6000-word essay decrying political correctness on the eve of Trump's second inauguration is definitely aggressively not.

Graham's essay is very long and very bad, but it's not necessarily the worst thing that a powerful technology investor wrote or said this week. There Graham has competition from Peter Thiel, who penned an essay in The Financial Times calling for "truth and reconciliation" – or at least an "apokálypsis," an unveiling of the secrets that the government has hidden from us: who killed Jeffrey Epstein, who shot JFK, who started COVID, who "debanked crypto entrepreneurs," and other important issues. Thiel, like Graham, is hardly an underdog or an outsider; this is a powerful, influential person at the center of Silicon Valley and DC circles. And crucially too, this is a man who literally traffics in secrets ("intelligence"), as well as in conspiracy theories, as the co-founder of Palantir, a surveillance company with billions of dollars of military and police contracts.

Mark Zuckerberg was at it again too, appearing on Joe Rogan's podcast on the heels of axing Facbook's content moderation teams and its DEI initiatives. There he lamented that corporations have become "neutered or emasculated," and he opined that he wanted to see more "masculine energy" at Facebook – where about two-thirds of current employees are men. Zuckerberg's language echoes Graham's: male aggression is good, necessary even. Zuckerberg has, in recent years, famously embraced martial arts – physically and financially, as he's replaced Nick Clegg on Facebook's board with UFC's Dana White. And all of this emphasis on strong, pure male bodies, as I've written before, is part of a longer history of "physical culture," masculinity, eugenics, and fascism.

Indeed, much of what these tech industry leaders have said and written has echoes in "The Futurist Manifesto" of Filippo Tomasso Marinetti – a proto-fascist manifesto that, as others have noted, Marc Andreessen seemed to directly channel in his 2023 "Techno-Optimist Manifesto." Where Marinetti wanted to drink from "the factory gutter" and savor "a mouthful of strengthening muck which recalled the black teat of my Sudanese nurse," today's techno-fascists want to inhale the data stream and swallow the extractions of a renewed racist order, a renewed imperialism. Marinetti – like Graham, like Zuckerberg, like Thiel, like Andreessen – railed against women, against schools: "We want to demolish museums and libraries, fight morality, feminism and all opportunist and utilitarian cowardice."

<blockquote>We will sing of the great crowds agitated by work, pleasure and revolt; the multi-colored and polyphonic surf of revolutions in modern capitals: the nocturnal vibration of the arsenals and the workshops beneath their violent electric moons: the gluttonous railway stations devouring smoking serpents; factories suspended from the clouds by the thread of their smoke; bridges with the leap of gymnasts flung across the diabolic cutlery of sunny rivers: adventurous steamers sniffing the horizon; great-breasted locomotives, puffing on the rails like enormous steel horses with long tubes for bridle, and the gliding flight of aeroplanes whose propeller sounds like the flapping of a flag and the applause of enthusiastic crowds.</blockquote>

The manifesto was a call for violence. Epistemological violence and literal violence. It is a call for violence. It is a demand to erase history, to re-inscribe hierarchy and order. Eugenics will be reaffirmed through today's discrimination engine: the Internet, the algorithm, AI.

For all that AI seems to promise "the future of knowledge," this is a call for ignorance and for, as Helen Beetham puts it, a radical thoughtlessness. This is the antithesis of care – care and criticality are feminine, weak.

This is the future, they tell us. But it is not a rupture. It is a continuation, a future unbroken from computing’s past.

Over the past few decades, technology has played an instrumental role in neoliberalism and austerity – as we have dismantled public institutions and "the welfare state," we've told people they should just rely on the Internet instead. AI is absolutely the next step in this – as Sam Altman wrote in his latest blog post, "We believe that, in 2025, we may see the first AI agents 'join the workforce' and materially change the output of companies." The system wants us to be ever-more productive, and if AI cannot do that as an “agent” or “assistant” – that sure seems to be the bet the British government is making with its horrifying plans to "unleash AI" on its people – then workers will be fired. Perhaps replaced with robots, but more likely replaced with a more compliant, more precarious workforce.

Technology enables this structurally, but it works for this culturally and intellectually as well, with its core ideological underpinnings — libertarianism, individualism. Technology has aided in the political project of reorienting the mission of institutions like schools away from civic goals (as well as away from any sort of human flourishing) and towards the goals of industry – hence all the talk about “technical skills” and “digital literacy” as the way in which children are supposed to “read” and interact with the world.

Critical thinking (and critical theory) is, despite Paul Graham's vehement mischaracterizations, one way in which we can help students to understand the world, to understand its diversity – to deal positively, and dare I say generatively, with people and ideas that are different from their own. Despite all the handwaving about the importance of critical thinking and creativity for "the jobs of the future" (more on this in the coming weeks too), it seems clear that what the system wants is for us to be productive and be compliant. The algorithms (and the storytelling) it's unleashing will serve to identify those who it deems useless at best, dangerous at worst."]]></description>
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    <title>The Truth About 2 Hour Learning &amp; Unbound Academy a/k/a The School “Replacing Teachers with AI”</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-11T23:52:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://danmeyer.substack.com/p/the-truth-about-2-hour-learning-and</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["They haven’t replaced teachers with AI. They have replaced poor kids with rich kids."

...

"No cheat codes.
I’d never claim that public schooling is perfect, or that every public school is doing a great job. But the hardest part about public schooling is obviously the “public,” not the “schooling.” The hardest part is our commitment to educating everybody rather than just a wealthy few, a commitment that gets harder and harder to meet as life gets more and more precarious for more and more people.

Because of our country’s economic and political choices, millions of kids experience poverty, food insecurity, and record levels of homelessness. Even as material conditions worsen for those students, school budgets stay the same. Teacher pay stays the same. Student-teacher ratios stay the same. We ask teachers to motivate and educate all of those kids, whatever their circumstances, often without extra resources.

Educating everybody, especially under those worsening conditions, is a task that requires a significant number of humans—teachers in particular. If you tell me your school doesn’t need teachers, my first guess is either that you are misleading me or you aren’t trying to educate everybody.

This is the case with Unbound Academy, which is hiring just as many teachers as the public schools it derides in its charter application. This is the case with the Alpha private school network, which gets great results, as far as I can tell, not by replacing teachers with AI, but by replacing poor kids with rich kids, by replacing unengaged families with engaged families.

Unbound Academy wants us to believe they have found a technological cheat code for the most enduring challenge in public schooling. We, the public, should be thrilled if that were true, but Unbound Academy shouldn’t receive any of our resources until they can prove it."
]]></description>
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    <title>John Holt's Last Homeschooling Speech - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-04T05:58:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DHfaOqULHg</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["John Holt sometimes used his Sony Walkman cassette recorder to tape his public talks, and this one, on April 29, 1985,  turned out to be his last. The sound quality deteriorated a lot on this tape, so I had it remastered successfully and I hope you enjoy the audio. John was contending with cancer during this talk and he died on Sept. 14, 1985. Nonetheless, John continued to share and explain his ideas about education in an amiable manner, enjoying his interactions with the children and adults, and making some off-hand comments about Shakespeare and other educational topics that will infuriate some and tickle others."

[See also:
https://www.johnholtgws.com/pats-blog/a-new-john-holt-recording

"John Holt sometimes used his Sony Walkman cassette recorder to tape his speeches and after his death I found two cassettes in his apartment. One is a speech he gave at the Smithsonian American History Museum on April 15, 1985, and it is damaged and unlistenable. But the deterioration of the second tape wasn’t as bad and I was able to have it restored to a decent listening experience. This is John’s last public speech, presented at the National Coalition of Alternative Community Schools (NCACS) conference at the Clonlara School in Ann Arbor, MI on April 28, 1985. 

The NCACS talk brought back so many memories to me since I was in charge of John’s medical care and personal finances in his final years. John was diagnosed with cancer, melanoma on one his legs, and he followed the doctor’s advice and was admitted to a hospital to remove the tumor in the late 1970s. However, on the day of the surgery a nurse marked the wrong leg for the operation. When John told the nurse this, he or she was dismissive and left the room. John decided he couldn’t trust the hospital with his care and immediately checked himself out. The tumor didn’t grow quickly after that, but when it did, starting around 1983, John started exploring all types of cancer therapies. He went to a hospital in IL to explore laser treatments, a naturopath clinic in Mexico, and tried wheat grass therapy. Finally, his friend and editor, Merloyd Lawrence, convinced John to see Dr. Bernie Siegel, author of Love, Medicine and Miracles, and the tumor was removed, but too late. Cancer had spread through John’s body. He wrote openly about this in Growing Without Schooling (GWS), describing how he wanted to use his remaining time playing and studying music and would therefore be raising his speaking fees so high that he would only get a few per year.

So here he is, giving this talk five months away from his death, nonetheless speaking clearly and deeply (and likely with no speaking fee!) about homeschooling to an audience of parents, children, and alternative educators. In one of his last letters about his cancer John wrote in GWS 43:

<blockquote>…I am tired of talking to school people, educators, meetings of teachers, educational conferences,  and all that, tired of talking to people who are not really looking for new ideas of ways to improve their work, and who do not take seriously what I say and never did. Not only am I fed up with talking to school people, I am fed up with talking, reading, even thinking about schools. For some time, to people who have asked me, “Why have you given up on schools?” I have said that I haven’t given up on them, that I was as interested as I ever was in making them better, if only I could see a way to do it. I learned from my cancer that even if this was true for a while it is not true anymore. I have indeed given up on schools. According to Dr. John Goodlad, Dean of the School of Education at UCLA and author of the book A Place Called School, they have not changed in any important respect in close to a hundred years. They certainly haven’t changed in the forty years of my adult lifetime, except to get worse—bigger, more rigid, more bureaucratic, more fake-scientific, more incompetent, more full of excuses, and above all more greedy and ambitious—the N.E.A. now wants compulsory school to begin at age four! As I said in Instead of Education, they are bad because they start with an essentially bad idea, not just mistaken or impossible, but bad in the the sense of morally wrong, that some people have or ought to have the right to determine what a lot of other people know and think. As long as they start from this bad idea they cannot become better, and I don’t want to take part any longer in any public pretense they can. I am not going to waste any more time or energy—and I have wasted a great deal—trying to change them or make them better; all I want is for them to let those people who want to, teach their own children, and to bother these people as little as possible.</blockquote>

I feel fortunate to have known John and his circle of friends and to continue his work. Supporting people to use real life, a variety of people, local resources, and a wide number of texts and projects to help children learn isn’t a very profitable vocation. It is not something one can package, sell, and scale like a school curriculum, but it is a very vital and under appreciated aspect of how people learn. As John notes in this recording:

<blockquote>My interest in homeschooling and for that matter alternative schooling —and I was interested in alternative schools before I became interested in homeschooling. My interest in it is that it makes it at least possible for those people who want to give their children a natural, organic, uncoerced learning experience to do so.

Not everybody is going to use it that way. People start schools which they hope will be even more coercive than the schools that exist. There are certainly some people who teach their children thinking that they can pound in learning faster than the local schools who were doing it. I don't think many of them stick it out very long because they find out it doesn't work.

… I mean if I look far enough down the line I like to think of schools as learning experiment activity centers. Somewhat analogous to public libraries, but rather wider in scope. Places to which people can come if they feel like coming to do the things that they want to do for as long as they want to do them. … I would hope that somewhere we would find a way to call these places something other than schools. Because they're really very fundamentally very different.

…We have to understand we're going to probably have to agree to disagree about this. Because nobody who walks into a room believing in some kind of forced learning is going to walk out of the room not believing in it because they've heard me preach this little mini-sermon about it. But I want you to be very clear about where I personally stand. And I should say, by the way, that I suspect that the number of homeschoolers or alternative school people who really agree with me is probably well under 50%. I mean, I think this is a minority even among homeschoolers.

You don't have to believe what I just said to be a homeschooler or to run an alternative school. But I'm the one who's sitting up here and that's what I think. …</blockquote>

While listening to this talk I’m struck not just by John’s insights about how schooling would continue on it’s trajectory of forced learning, but also how he notes how American businesses, politicians, and academia continually miss important aspects of the downsides of chasing cheap labor while supporting a system that’s supposed to increase one’s income through education. John’s opinion, in 1985, that China would likely rise to the economic top tier as a result of these policies is notable.
 
It is sad to see how people like John Holt, Ivan Illich, and others who saw the dangers of putting all our education eggs in the basket of compulsory schooling are ignored by those who control the levers of power and markets. Giving children autonomy to learn, which Holt called “unschooling,” is considered dangerous and irresponsible by educators even though they know it is a vital part of everyone’s ability to learn. As I write this, I read an article in the NY Times (1/2/2025), “Giving Kids Some Autonomy Has Surprising Results.” The authors note, “In third grade, 74 percent of kids say they love school. By 10th grade, it’s 26 percent. School feels like prison, many teenagers told us over three years of research. The more time they spend in school, the less they feel like the author of their own lives, so why even try?” As you read the article it becomes clear that giving children in school some autonomy is just a means to make students more pliant with existing school practices; it is not a change of mind about where children can be and what they can do during the day:

<blockquote>In 35 randomized control trials in 18 countries, he and other researchers found that when students are allowed some opportunity to take their own initiative, they are more engaged in class and better able to master new skills, they have better grades and fewer problems with peers — and they are happier, too. The effect sizes were often between 0.7 and 0.9, a significant degree of impact.

Importantly, the teachers did not need to change the curriculum they taught or alter their disciplinary approach. They just applied a few new teaching practices in the course of their normal lesson. [My emphasis—PF]</blockquote>

I’m glad that teachers now have research that supports having them talk to their students with a reasoning tone instead of a controlling tone, but shouldn’t there be more than just manipulating language to create a real level of autonomy for children’s learning? There is not one word in this article about the history and work of the many educators, homeschools, and alternative schools that give children true autonomy that helps them become successful adults.

Fortunately, those who want to let children have “a natural, organic, uncoerced learning experience” can do so, though the doors are shutting on this option in several countries, such as France and Germany. This is why we need to use and protect this space for our children and ourselves, because the forces of standardization and the pressure to compete in a global race for higher test scores are squeezing out the time, space, and resources we need to create our local, personal, and communal connections for living and learning. I hope listening to John’s talk will encourage you to consider other ways we can help children learn and grow besides the school schedule."]]]></description>
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    <title>Teacher Fight - Abbott Elementary - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-29T06:43:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrudkAzYIws</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["With only two courtside tickets to a Philidelphia 76ers up for grabs for the whole faculty, tensions run high as the teachers try to decide who gets them. Watch 'Abbott Elementary' WEDNESDAYS 9/8c on ABC and Stream on Hulu."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://press.princeton.edu/ideas/ideas-podcast-raised-to-obey">
    <title>Ideas Podcast: Raised to Obey | Princeton University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-27T00:57:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://press.princeton.edu/ideas/ideas-podcast-raised-to-obey</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Nearly every country today has universal primary education. But why did governments in the West decide to provide education to all children in the first place? In Raised to Obey, Agustina Paglayan offers an unsettling answer. The introduction of broadly accessible primary education was not mainly a response to industrialization, or fueled by democratic ideals, or even aimed at eradicating illiteracy or improving skills. It was motivated instead by elites’ fear of the masses—and the desire to turn the “savage,” “unruly,” and “morally flawed” children of the lower classes into well-behaved future citizens who would obey the state and its laws.

Drawing on unparalleled evidence from two centuries of education provision in Europe and the Americas, and deploying rich data that capture the expansion of primary education and its characteristics, this sweeping book offers a political history of primary schools that is both broad and deep. Paglayan shows that governments invested in primary schools when internal threats heightened political elites’ anxiety around mass violence and the breakdown of social order."

...

"Agustina S. Paglayan is assistant professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego, and nonresident fellow at the Center for Global Development. Her work has been covered by The Economist, the Washington Post, Devex, NPR, and NBC."

[via:
https://www.are.na/block/3322684

See also:
https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691261270/raised-to-obey

"How the expansion of primary education in the West emerged not from democratic ideals but from the state’s desire to control its citizens

Nearly every country today has universal primary education. But why did governments in the West decide to provide education to all children in the first place? In Raised to Obey, Agustina Paglayan offers an unsettling answer. The introduction of broadly accessible primary education was not mainly a response to industrialization, or fueled by democratic ideals, or even aimed at eradicating illiteracy or improving skills. It was motivated instead by elites’ fear of the masses—and the desire to turn the “savage,” “unruly,” and “morally flawed” children of the lower classes into well-behaved future citizens who would obey the state and its laws.

Drawing on unparalleled evidence from two centuries of education provision in Europe and the Americas, and deploying rich data that capture the expansion of primary education and its characteristics, this sweeping book offers a political history of primary schools that is both broad and deep. Paglayan shows that governments invested in primary schools when internal threats heightened political elites’ anxiety around mass violence and the breakdown of social order.

Two hundred years later, the original objective of disciplining children remains at the core of how most public schools around the world operate. The future of education systems—and their ability to reduce poverty and inequality—hinges on our ability to understand and come to terms with this troubling history."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.johnholtgws.com/pats-blog/helping-children-grow-into-peaceful-adultsnbsp">
    <title>Helping Children Grow Into Peaceful Adults  — John Holt GWS</title>
    <dc:date>2024-11-16T06:59:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.johnholtgws.com/pats-blog/helping-children-grow-into-peaceful-adultsnbsp</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I was pretty disappointed when the HoltGWS Facebook page recently got bombarded with a slew of hateful posts by people who do not believe that homeschooling can co-exist with public schooling. I wanted to respond by posting an article John Holt wrote for Phi Delta Kappan magazine, “Schools and Homeschoolers: A Fruitful Partnership,” but I can’t locate a copy in my files. (If anyone does have a copy of this article can you share it with me?) I also learned that Facebook will not help you with such bullying and harassment unless you pay them a monthly fee to protect your brand and gain access to their human support team, so I followed the advice of friends—“Don’t feed the trolls”—and have resigned myself to coping with a new wave of anti-homeschooling sentiment in our troubled times.

However, I did come across this unpublished piece John wrote that was printed in Growing Without Schooling 70 that explores how the experience of school shapes people and how it could be made better. The issue also contains several thoughtful responses from readers of this essay when it was published in 1989. I look forward to your comments in 2024.

John Holt wrote in the mid-1960s:

<blockquote>  …  Traditional education, sometimes inadvertently but quite often deliberately, denies children the kind of experiences that would help them grow up to be the kind of people who, being at peace with themselves, are ready and eager to live at peace with other human beings. 

Our efforts for peace are doomed to fail unless we understand that the root causes of war are not economic conflicts or language barriers or cultural differences but people—the kind of people who must have and will find scapegoats, legitimate targets for the disappointment, envy, fear, rage, and hatred that accumulates in their daily lives. The man who hates or despises his work, his boss, his neighbors, and above all himself, will find a way to make some other man suffer and die for the sense of freedom, competence, dignity, and worth that he himself lacks. There will always be others to help him, political leaders ready to appeal to and make use of his unconscious but inexhaustible and insatiable desire to do harm. 

The fundamental educational problem of our time is to find ways to help children grow into adults who have no wish to do harm. We must recognize that traditional education, far from having ever solved this problem, has never tried to solve it. Indeed, its efforts have, if anything, been in exactly the opposite direction. An important aim of traditional education has always been to make children into the kind of adults who were ready to hate and kill whoever their leaders might declare to be their enemies  …   

Human society has never until now had to come to grips with the source of human evildoing, which is the wish to do evil. It has been sufficient, until now, to control human behavior, to prevent most people from robbing, injuring, or killing their neighbors by threatening to punish them if they do, because if anyone wanted badly enough to hurt other people, legitimate victims could always be found. The moral codes worked, at least fairly well, within their limited frames of reference, precisely because there was always an escape, there always were people whom it was all right to hate and injure as much as you wished. And humanity was able to afford the escape clause, was able to survive the killing and destruction of enemies that our moral codes allowed us, because, after all, our means of destruction were so limited, and because it took most of our time and energy just to keep ourselves alive  …   

But no more  …   The means to kill tens and hundreds of millions of people, even to destroy all life on earth, lie ready at hand  …   The man who does not value his own life, and hence feels that no life has value, may not be able to make Doomsday machines in his own basement, but with the vote, or even without it, he can get his governments to make them, and eventually to use them  …   

Seen against this background and in this light, the argument of A.S. Neill of Summerhill, that the business of education is above all else to make happy people, must be acknowledged to be, not frivolous and sentimental, as its opponents claim, but in the highest degree serious, weighty, and to the point. For the sake of our survival we must indeed learn to make happy people, people who will want and will be able to live lives that are full, meaningful, and joyous. We may be able to do more than this (though Neill feels this is enough), and perhaps we should; but we must do at least this much. If we can get wisdom, skill, and intelligence along with the happiness, and we probably can, as they tend to go together, so much the better; but the happiness we can no longer do without. 

The word ‘happiness’ is so generally abused and so little understood that it may be well to try to put this objective into clearer and sharper terms. Happiness is not game to be trapped, or a bird to be caught in a net. It does not come when we beckon, or even when we pray. There is no formula for it, no sure recipe; we cannot bake it like a cake. The most we can say is that there are elements or ingredients of life, in the presence of which happiness may be found very often, and in the absence of which it is rarely found at all. 

There can be a great variety of happy persons, living in a great variety of circumstances, but about them a few things will almost always be true. The happy person has a strong sense of his own aliveness: his senses are keen, or at least he rejoices in them and makes full use of them. He is not dead to the world about him. He does not seek happiness for escape and forgetfulness; he is alive and aware, and moves toward life. Also, he has a strong sense of his own unique identity: he is himself, and not someone else, and not like anyone else: he has his own very particular ideas, and opinions, and tastes, and skills, and pleasures, that no change in his circumstances can take from him. He is not a mass man, who has to be told who he is; he knows. Most important of all, he has a strong sense of his own dignity, competence, and worth. He may value the good opinion of others, but he does not need it or depend on it. For he knows, despite his many faults and weaknesses, that he is a creature worthy of affection and respect and that, in however tiny a degree, the world is a different and probably better place for his being in it. 

Only a rare child could possibly survive conventional schooling feeling this way about himself. That it happens at all, as it occasionally does, proves how tough and resilient children can be  …   

[In their schooling] children are above all else demeaned and degraded by being subject for so long to the feeble, wavering, capricious, arbitrary, and aimless tyranny of their elders. Submission to authority is not always or necessarily degrading. We are not lessened in our own eyes by having to do the bidding of someone we know to be our superior; thus musicians, for example, felt it an honor to submit to the tyranny of Toscanini. We can even obey the orders of lesser men, and suffer indignities at their hands, when we know it is done in a good cause  … Children could very probably submit, without feeling resentment or suffering harm, to a strict and even harsh adult tyranny, if they could believe that the adults knew what they were doing, and that the grown-up world they were being prepared to enter made sense and had some stability and purpose. But what child of today can believe this, when twelve, ten, even six year olds talk, and think, and dream of the end of the world, when little children say, as I have heard them say, not “when I grow up,” but “if I grow up”? 

To have most of your life controlled by people who are so clearly not your superiors in anything except age, size, and power, and who are so far from being able to manage their own lives, is a continuing indignity that cannot but destroy, as it does, most of the self-respect of the children who undergo it. As it destroys their self-respect, it destroys their respect for other people, and forces them to try to find a sense of being and worth in one of the collective identities (be it teenage gang or nation state) that have throughout history been the great agents of human evildoing, and that today stand solidly in the way of peace and brotherhood  …</blockquote>"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/the-basics-school-reform">
    <title>The Basics: School Reform - Freddie deBoer</title>
    <dc:date>2024-10-14T22:28:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/the-basics-school-reform</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Education may be the issue that I’ve written about the most in my career, at least on my own blogs and newsletters. It’s the topic I’m the best credentialed in, whatever that means, and I have taught many classes and worked in various capacities in schools at several levels; I also come from a family of educators. Beyond those things, though, I think education is a perpetually fascinating topic which brings some core elements of modern society into friction with each other, sometimes even productively. Education is the ultimate proxy issue, the issue we use to talk about core societal dynamics that many in our society would otherwise prefer to avoid, most notably racial issues but also gender, class, opportunity, the definition of success. American education is, as they say, a rich text.

Education discourse is caught in many contradictions and tensions, including

- Our education system is presumed to serve the essential function of sorting high school graduates into colleges and college graduates into jobs commensurate with their ability, but modern norms prevent us from acknowledging that for this system to work, there must be students who are at the bottom of the distribution - that is, bad at school

- Education is purported to be a great equalizer even while it fulfills the aforementioned mission of sorting good students from bad, a central internal tension that results in endless controversies like those concerning the SAT

- Education research has profound and unique challenges in terms of basic research design and empirical principles, which I detail here

- Issues of schooling highlight the odd reality that many people have limitless compassion for children and will support all manner of programs to help them but lose all of that sympathy once someone turns 18, putting intense pressure on the system to promote social justice while they’re young

- Basic resource questions, like “Should the best teachers teach the best-performing students or the worst?,” go unanswered even in elite spaces that regularly debate education, largely because those questions are complex, uncomfortable, and politically unpalatable1

- In recent decades our school system has been purported to be the key mechanism through which society moves people out of poverty and promotes equality, tasks which schooling was never designed to accomplish.

Nowhere are the pathologies of our education discourse more apparent than in the school/education reform movement. By that I mean the somewhat-amorphous but impossible-to-ignore effort to dramatically change American schooling that attracted a remarkable amount of attention, funding, and influence in the 2000s and 2010s. This powerful movement still exists, albeit in a diminished state. Typically associated with neoliberalism/market liberalism/Democratic technocracy etc, the education reform/school reform movement seeks to “fix” American education with reforms that stress accountability, choice, and using the power of markets to improve academic outcomes. Their consistent targets are teachers and their unions, arguing that endemic failures within our country’s poorest districts are primarily the fault of feckless and untalented teachers who are protected by their unions and teacher tenure. They have, at times, venerated heroes like Harlem Children’s Zone school Geoffrey Canada, former Washington DC public school chancellor Michelle Rhee, and Obama administration Secretary of Education Arne Duncan. They tend to deploy a maximally righteous political rhetoric, insisting that any objections to either the fairness or efficacy of their professed solutions are simply excuse-making.

Some key ed reform efforts include

- The dramatic expansion of America’s (almost always non-union) charter schools, which is to say, schools that operate with government blessing and often some degree of government oversight but outside of most local school district leadership structures and, crucially, without falling under the collective bargaining agreements that teachers unions strike with traditional public school systems

- Merit pay initiatives that seek to reward teachers based on the performance of their students, rather than a conventional salary structure that includes bumps for seniority and sometimes for additional education; these systems often are tied to various value-added models and similar efforts to fairly and accurately assess how well teachers are teaching

- The establishment of universal standards, common assessment methods, and shared national benchmarks for success, based on the notion that there’s too much variability from state to state and district to district in what students learn and how that learning is measured; the Common Core represents something of an ideal for the movement, both conceptually and in its remarkable success in being passed in a large majority of the states in the nation (in part because there was so little public input or debate when the standards were being adopted)

- Relentless census-style standardized testing

- Some school reform types have traditionally supported private school vouchers, while others have not

- Some school reform types have traditionally supported abolishing teachers unions and teacher tenure entirely, while others have not

-. In general, education reformers have demanded systems with more latitude on the parts of principals and superintendents to make pedagogical and administrative decisions without being hampered by regulation, union contracts, and normal procedure; in practice, this mostly means conflicts with teachers over their rights and due process as employees."

...

"American students do better than you think.

...

There’s no glorious past of American education to compare ourselves to.

...

Expecting markets to fix education makes no sense.

...

The measurements are wonky.

...

We live in a profoundly unequal society.

...

Individual students have different levels of individual academic ability, student-side variables dominate school-side variables in influence, and thus expecting all our kids to meet arbitrary benchmarks is folly.

...

You don’t have to turn everyone into an A student to fight poverty, promote equality, and improve mobility.

...

Schools provide many wonderful benefits."]]></description>
<dc:subject>freddiedeboer schools schooling education schoolreform policy us 2024 matthewyglsias metrics measurement standardization economics inequality mobility socialmobility class poverty ability abilities influence politics nclpb rttt georgewbush democrats republicans barackobama teaching learning howweteach howwelearn meritpay teachers vouchers privatization markets assessment commoncore standards standardizedtesting testing children publicschools charterschools government governance arneduncan michellerhee harlemchildrenszone geoffreycanada rhetoric 2000s 2010s technocracy liberalism neoliberalism funding schooliness</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://aeon.co/videos/scenes-from-a-school-year-paint-a-refreshingly-nuanced-portrait-of-rural-america">
    <title>Scenes from a school year paint a refreshingly nuanced portrait of rural America | Aeon Videos</title>
    <dc:date>2024-08-15T04:03:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://aeon.co/videos/scenes-from-a-school-year-paint-a-refreshingly-nuanced-portrait-of-rural-america</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The feature-length documentary North Putnam follows a year at a public school district in rural Indiana, chronicling the many ways in which community and education intersect in this small slice of the American Midwest. This excerpt from the documentary, exclusive to Aeon, features a series of interconnected moments from the titular North Putnam School Corporation and the region it serves. This includes frank discussions between students and teachers about the challenges the school district faces; moments from a contentious school board meeting; the ritual of a high-school football game; depictions of the region’s deep ties to agriculture and faith; and scenes from the Putnam County criminal justice system, where some parents of students make their living, and others are incarcerated.

In his depiction, the US director Joel Fendelman eschews the sensationalisation that so often consumes coverage of the issues depicted on screen. Rather, with an unobtrusive style, he provides a refreshingly honest view of one small slice of the United States where many live below the poverty line – and especially the challenges educators face. The film is a project by the North Putnam Putnam County-based nonprofit organisation The Castle, which, ‘in the midst of increasing assessment pressures, increasing class sizes, reduced funding in the arts and diminished resources overall’ aims to ‘inject a sense of play and joy back into the classroom for teachers and their students’."]]></description>
<dc:subject>schools education publicschools rural children joelfendelman documentary indiana us poverty</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/elite-education-journalism-still">
    <title>Elite Education Journalism: Still Ideology at Its Purest</title>
    <dc:date>2024-06-26T20:22:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/elite-education-journalism-still</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The outdated or just incorrect truisms will never die, or so it seems. Class size is the key! No, even proponents of smaller classes usually acknowledge that the effects are small and inconsistent. We’re understaffed! No, public school staffing levels per 1,000 students have increased dramatically. The problem is that schools are funded locally, which leads to inequality! No, that’s out of date. State funding is now at parity or higher than local funding in public schooling, and federal funding has increased for decades. Try again. And all of this happened before the Covid-relief spending explosion. I am just at a loss as to how people continue to promulgate these blatantly false narratives. Yes, more school funding is good when it gives students safer, more comfortable spaces in which to learn and to be nurtured as human beings. It’s good when it’s intended to provide enrichment in a holistic sense, with trips to the zoo and picture books and ant farms. Trying to use school funding to juice grades, test scores, or graduation rates is an experiment that has been failing for longer than I’ve been alive. Asked and answered, guys. Asked and answered.

I don’t use this term often, but this sure feels like what people mean when they use the term gaslighting. You have a country that spends profligately on education but which dramatically underperforms many others that spend much less, you have the same dynamics in states and districts, and you have an elite consensus whereby New York Times reporter Sarah Mervosh doesn’t just suggest that the consensus is correct, she insists on it as an assumption that will not be challenged in her piece. The best we get is vague stabs at the cost-benefit analysis, which is then not actually performed. I’m surprised she didn’t trot out Eric Hanushek so he can continue his years-long publicity apology tour.

How wide does the gulf have to be between spending and outcomes before people stop putting stock in a handful of models built on tendentious premises, developed by researchers who are clearly determined to engineer a particular outcome? Brow furrowing over this disconnect is constant; New York, by itself, has its own mini-genre of such pieces. But they’re all useless if they don’t include the most relevant information:

- Regardless of whether we spend enough in some Platonic sense, by any historical or international comparison we spend extravagantly on public education in this country

- We have vast amounts of data, compiled at every level of organization, that show that better-funded schools are not in any consistent way whatsoever producing higher-performing students, often the opposite, while the models suggesting otherwise have no similar backing in easily-observed relationships

- Student-side factors like parents’ level of educational achievement are vastly better predictors of student outcomes than school-side factors like funding, and in general, schools control very little of the variation in student outcomes

- Poorer schools with more students of color on average receive more per-pupil funding that schools with richer and whiter students

- That finding, though often treated as scandalous, should be utterly unsurprising given that we have shoveled money at the racial achievement gap for 40+ years.

There’s a lot of influences at play in the elite consensus; nonprofits don’t get funded by telling donors what can’t be accomplished, for one thing. Pundit’s Fallacy logic and the tendency to look where the light is also explains some of it. “We can’t fix poverty and we can’t fix parents, so the answer has to be found in the schools.” It’s the same old magical thinking.

Our problem is a) we’ve got social problems related to race and class that cannot be resolved in the classroom and b) students possess a level of intrinsic academic potential which is likely heavily influenced by genetics and definitely influenced by environmental factors that parents have limited ability to control and which public school educators can’t possibly influence. But the concept of an individual student’s intrinsic academic potential is not discussed in polite company, even as everyone knows it exists. (I assure you that parents do not sincerely believe that their kids have the exact same potential as everybody else’s kids.) Meanwhile, conceptual confusion abounds. The NYT piece is framed around closing Covid learning loss gaps. But if you closed all those gaps and restored the performance distribution of 2019 you’d still have a bottom half, bottom quintile, bottom 10% of students. What does success look like for them? I don’t know. The elite consensus doesn’t know either.

What would I do if I was king? Gather population-level data using stratified samples, so that we never have kids or teachers laboring under tons of testing. Stop trying to move students around dramatically in the performance spectrum because we have no reason to believe we can achieve such a thing. Reorient schooling towards making childhood safe, nurturing, and stimulating for all, giving everyone a chance to learn what they like and what they’re good at so they know what to pursue professionally. Of course, some will fail in their professions regardless, which is why the real goal is to build a humane and just society. If you really care about kids who struggle at school, you’ll stop trying to shove their square pegs into round holes and instead invest in a robust public sector that will protect them from poverty and need, no matter how they perform in school. You can read all about it [points to his book The Cult of Smart https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250224491/thecultofsmart ]."

[See also:

"Funding Gaps Cannot Explain Academic Gaps
we've been throwing money at our problems for 40+ years"
https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/is-the-conventional-wisdom-on-educational ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.hamiltonnolan.com/p/everyone-into-the-grinder">
    <title>Everyone Into The Grinder - by Hamilton Nolan</title>
    <dc:date>2024-06-04T23:20:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.hamiltonnolan.com/p/everyone-into-the-grinder</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["It is good to make powerful people participate in public systems."

...

"One of the most direct ways to improve a flawed system is simply to end the ability of rich and powerful people to exclude themselves from it. If, for example, you outlawed private schools, the public schools would get better. They would get better not because every child deserves to have a quality education, but rather because it would be the only for rich and powerful people to ensure that their children were going to good schools. The theory of “a rising tide lifts all boats” does not work when you allow the people with the most influence to buy their way out of the water. It would be nice if we fixed broken systems simply because they are broken. In practice, governments are generally happy to ignore broken things if they do not affect people with enough power to make the government listen. So the more people that we push into public systems, the better.

Rich kids should go to public schools. The mayor should ride the subway to work. When wealthy people get sick, they should be sent to public hospitals. Business executives should have to stand in the same airport security lines as everyone else. The very fact that people want to buy their way out of all of these experiences points to the reason why they shouldn’t be able to. Private schools and private limos and private doctors and private security are all pressure release valves that eliminate the friction that would cause powerful people to call for all of these bad things to get better. The degree to which we allow the rich to insulate themselves from the unpleasant reality that others are forced to experience is directly related to how long that reality is allowed to stay unpleasant. When they are left with no other option, rich people will force improvement in public systems. Their public spirit will be infinitely less urgent when they are contemplating these things from afar than when they are sitting in a hot ER waiting room for six hours themselves.

This sort of mandatory equality is obviously not what powerful people prefer. They will object that it infringes upon their rights. Because the right in question is the right to pretend that the rights of others are not as important as their own, it is not a right that we should be too bothered about violating. If they want to file a complaint, they can get in line at City Hall, like everyone else.

This general principle of good government was on my mind as I watched the Republican Party unite as one to wail about the injustice perpetrated upon convicted felon Donald Trump in that New York courtroom this week. What we winkingly refer to as “the justice system” is at the very top of the list of things that rich and powerful people are not subjected to in the same way as everyone else. It is the most pervasive and the most devastating example of this principle in action. If you can afford a lawyer, your sentence will be lighter. If you can afford bail, you will not sit in jail. If you can afford a nice home in a nice neighborhood it will be generally understood by police that their job is to work for you and not against you. In every aspect of its operation, our system of crime and punishment produces vastly nicer outcomes for the rich than for the rest of us. A private state prison full of poor people sitting not far from where Donald Trump frolics freely at Mar-a-Lago is a child’s picture book-style illustration of this whole thing in action. Here is where we send the regular crooks, and there is where we send the rich crooks.

The best reason to reform America’s system of mass incarceration is that it is an inhuman atrocity that will, in time, be viewed as the next step after slavery in our country’s list of unjust crimes of persecution. Even right wingers agree with this proposition in their own tacit way—notice how people rush to hire the very best lawyer they can possibly afford and pull every political string available to them to free themselves from the clutches of the criminal justice system whenever they face it. Notice how not too many rich people accept public defenders. This is rather inconsistent, philosophically speaking. Law-and-order Republicans should be the first ones to meekly accept the system’s harshest punishment when they do wrong. But of course, those harsh punishments are not meant for them. They are meant for the others.

The sight of the very same people who routinely demand more police and harsher criminal sentences competing to scream the loudest about the injustice of convicting a blatant crook for a blatant crime does not really require any ornamentation from me. It all speaks for itself. These people are not interested in justice; they are interested in oppression. That is the project they are enthusiastic about. From that point of view, the whole spectacle makes perfect sense.

It’s easy to laugh when all of this happens to Donald Trump. His punishment, whatever it is, will be richly deserved. But if you’re interested in using this moment for something other than schadenfreude, ask yourself: To what degree do I fall prey to the same tendencies to protect myself and let the rest of the world burn? How often have I focused my energy on using my time and resources to insulate myself from the many fucked up public systems in America, rather than thinking about how to make them better? I would never charge any of you with being as bad as Donald Trump or his enablers. But all of us have done some of this, somewhere. You send your kids to private school rather than crusading to make public schools better; you join TSA pre-check rather than writing letters to the Department of Transportation; you get the good health insurance from your job and scarcely think about the misery of the inner city hospitals; you spring for the Uber to the airport and don’t attend the public hearings about the MTA budget. This is human nature. I say this not as a condemnation, but as, perhaps, a gentle spur to action. All of us can think more deeply about the injustices that surround us. All of us can resist the temptation to purchase our way out of public problems and promptly forget about them. And all of us can enforce a social sanction—shaming—against extremely rich and powerful people who, one way or another, build a rocket to go to space while the planet burns in their wake.

There are nearly two million incarcerated people in the United States of America. Donald Trump deserves all of the same rights that they have. He can get in line behind all of them, and wait his turn patiently."

[via:
https://kottke.org/24/06/our-unpleasant-privatized-reality ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>hamiltonnolan inequality society capitalism law politics 2024 publicgoods publicschools privateschools hospitals healthcare medicine health publictransit transportation power wealth rich class rights donaldtrump prisons incarceration crime legal us policy tsa uber privatization equality commons markets publicgood</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v46/n03/rebecca-solnit/in-the-shadow-of-silicon-valley">
    <title>Rebecca Solnit · In the Shadow of Silicon Valley: Losing San Francisco</title>
    <dc:date>2024-02-02T03:46:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v46/n03/rebecca-solnit/in-the-shadow-of-silicon-valley</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I don’t know whether these billionaires know what a city is, but I do know that they have laid their hands on the city that’s been my home since 1980 and used their wealth to undermine its diversity and affordability, demonise its poor, turn its politicians into puppets and push its politics to the right. They have produced many kinds of dystopia without ever deviating from the line that they are bringing us all to a glorious utopia for which they deserve our admiration."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://kolektiva.social/@HeavenlyPossum/110989789650647995">
    <title>HeavenlyPossum: &quot;When I was a kid in the 80s an…&quot; - kolektiva.social</title>
    <dc:date>2023-09-11T02:40:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://kolektiva.social/@HeavenlyPossum/110989789650647995</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["When I was a kid in the 80s and 90s, I watched Star Trek: The Next Generation. I soaked up the vibes of a high-tech, utopian future. I internalized the trajectory we were on was good, that we had reached the End of History. There might be a few bumps on the road, but the direction was inevitable and the destination was inexorable.

It turns out that the fastest a human being has ever traveled was 39,897 kilometers per hour. That was the crew of the Apollo 10 mission returning to earth. That happened on 26 May, 1969. 

Fifty-four years ago. We peaked more than half a century ago.

In the US, life expectancy peaked about a decade ago and has declined to 76.1 years, reaching levels from about three decades ago. Critically, this decline started *before* the COVID-19 pandemic, which has certainly exacerbated the decline but did not initiate it.

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/03/25/1164819944/live-free-and-die-the-sad-state-of-u-s-life-expectancy

In the US, some 850 school districts have switched from a five-day school week to a four-day week. This by itself should not be a cause for alarm; there’s nothing intrinsically superior about a five-day week, a fairly arbitrary schedule that we inherited from decades and centuries ago.

But what is alarming is the cause: these districts are reducing hours not to experiment with the educational or other benefits of a different schedule, but because they cannot afford to continue operations five days a week.

"4-day school weeks are gaining steam, but students are suffering" (Axios)
https://www.axios.com/2023/05/08/4-day-school-week-study

Just a few decades ago, mass shootings were essentially unknown in the US, limited to infighting among organized crime or the rare spectacular incident, such as Charles Whitman’s use of the clock tower at the University of Texas to murder 15 people.

In 2021, there were 686 mass shootings in the US—incidents in which four or more people are injured or killed by a shooter. In 2023, there have been about 480 so far, with five months left to go.

The British city of Blackpool “has England’s lowest life expectancy, highest rates of relationship breakdown and some of the highest rates of antidepressant prescribing.” It’s something of a mess, in other words.

And yet its life expectancy—the lowest in the country—is the same as the average *of the entire United States.*

Everyone in the US, from the richest to the poorest, is likelier to die at any age than their counterparts in countries like the UK.

"Why are Americans dying so young?" (Financial Times)
https://www.ft.com/content/653bbb26-8a22-4db3-b43d-c34a0b774303

Some 37% of Americans lack the savings to afford a $400 emergency expense. This is an increase from 32% in 2021. Real wages fell half a percent since last year, while expenses increased, and over a third of Americans reported being worse off financially than they were last year.

Meanwhile, capitalists exploited the pandemic to post their highest profit rates since 1950.

People cannot afford emergency expenses because someone took that money from them.

"Corporate profits have contributed disproportionately to inflation. How should policymakers respond?" (Economic Policy Institute)
https://www.epi.org/blog/corporate-profits-have-contributed-disproportionately-to-inflation-how-should-policymakers-respond/

Americans collectively owe about $17 trillion in consumer debt. Right-libertarians complain about taxes, which average around a third of income for many Americans. 

If we imagine our income being directed to pay off each obligation sequentially rather than simultaneously, then we could calculate how long we labor each year to extinguish our tax burden—about halfway through April. But then we labor another third of the year to pay off our landlords and mortgage owners for permission to shelter ourselves. So let’s imagine that, by the end of July, we’ve covered those two.

Many people pay another 10% of their income to finance their car payments, while student loans consume another 10% of income for many people. 

So, perhaps by the middle of October you’ve paid those rents as well.

Americans are managed like livestock. We’re draft animals for the wealthy. And let’s be clear: this has always been the case. The US was founded as a plantation economy and while it has evolved since then, it has never lost this basic foundational aspect. 

The earliest colonial settlements were vast consumers of unfree labor: of enslaved indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans, and also of bonded and indentured and otherwise servile labor sometimes literally kidnapped from the dregs of Europe’s white lower classes.

The problem that we face today is that this system, which has faced plenty of challenges but endured for centuries, is breaking down, and indeed has been breaking down for decades. We might call this “collapse” if, like me, you have a taste for honesty even when it sounds melodramatic.

The fastest we ever travelled was in 1969. 

Societal collapse is fairly common in the historical record, but it seems melodramatic to use the phrase in this context because of how hegemonic the US has been for so long. It appears so robust in so many ways and I imagine quite a few people would laugh at me for hysterical pessimism.

But collapse is often a slow, uneven process. Historians traditionally mark the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, when the Ostrogothic king Odoacer deposed the last emperor in Rome. But Rome had faced a near-endless series of crises for centuries, including massive political transformations, loss of territory, and a decline in its ability to manage complex projects like infrastructure.

And an emperor reigned in the east until 1453, nearly a thousand years later. Lots of people living through collapse probably don’t consciously think of it as collapse, and many would probably aggressively deny any trends towards decline.

So I don’t really know what else to call what I’ve seen over the decades of my life: the shuttered factories and rotted-out downtowns. The deaths from despair from suicide and opioid overdose, to which I would even add the rise of mass shootings—in a meta-sense, the same sort of aimless and destructive lashing-out you might see from caged and stressed zoo animals. The shrinking school week and closing schools and libraries. The tent camps and bread lines, all in what is ostensibly the richest society that is or ever was.

If this thread has a thesis statement, it goes something like this:

In the early 70s, the capital class stages a revolt of the rich against the poor. The post-World War II consensus had transferred too much wealth and too much power to the working class, so the rich made it their mission to dismantle that consensus and make sure it could never re-emerge. First Nixon and then Reagan built and institutionalized debt traps, slashed social spending, annihilated labor unions, and poisoned the very idea that there was any such thing as “society” or that we could work together to solve our shared problems.

They took Margaret Thatcher’s slogan, that there is no such thing as society, and made it the guiding ethos of American society, to ensure we would remain atomized and unable to organize. And then they and their successors have milked us for everything they could, driving us as beasts of burden to the point of exhaustion. Or rather, of collapse.

What else can I point to, in order to make this case? It’s almost too much to keep track of.

Our infrastructure is crumbling because it was left to rot.

We have the largest prison population in the world, and those prisoners are often farmed out as slave labor.

We have epidemics of suicide, opioid addiction, and loneliness. We consume more anti-depressants each year.

We work longer than our counterparts in other countries, are less healthy, and then die younger.

We are often one “oh shit” moment—a car accident or a burst pipe—away from homelessness. In any given year, about 2.5 million American children experience homelessness. 

Remember those measly government benefits we received in 2020? The “stimulus” checks and unemployment benefits? Things are so bad in the US that those paltry handouts were enough to decrease poverty rates:

"Key U.S. poverty measure hit record low in 2021 largely due to federal aid" (Reuters)
https://www.reuters.com/world/us/key-us-poverty-rate-fell-record-low-2021-census-bureau-says-2022-09-13/


I think back to that optimism I had as a child and I mourn it. The society I live in is a hollowed-out shell of what I remember, and even that was a decade or more into the decline. 

Our horizons shrink. Our expectations for the future become more modest. Some of us leave if we can, and others stop having children, and some check out a bit more permanently. Big projects are postponed or canceled. Collapse is a slow process: institutions can coast on momentum and bring to bear enormous resources—including and especially violence—to maintain the status quo, at least for a shrinking elite. People will get used to new conditions, or deny that anything has changed.

But things have changed. I was trained from an early age: do well in school, go to university, get a job and work your way up. I could, I was led to believe, expect a quietly prosperous life in which I would be more comfortable than my parents and my children even more than me.

In reality, quality of life in the US is declining. I am burdened by crippling student debt. I have few realistic options for advancement. I even tried hustling a hobby into a second job once! I am so fucking tired of being stressed all the time. I am, by dint of genetics, prone to anxiety anyway, but genetics alone cannot explain away this ever-present sense of precarity, that one wrong move could ruin my life as thoroughly as millions of other Americans have had their lives ruined.

https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2020-09-11/a-global-anomaly-the-us-declines-in-annual-quality-of-life-report

This has been a bit of a bummer, so I’ll finish with a few maybe-possibly positive thoughts.

One, this is happening and there’s not much we can do about it. Putting a name to it helps me to process my grief but also to make sense of all these disparate trends.

Two, lots of hucksters will tell you that America is declining because We Strayed From Jesus or We’re Just So Mean These Days, and you know that’s bullshit. We may not have much power to stop enormous processes that were set in motion decades ago but we can at least tell the conmen to fuck off.

Three, collapses like this obviously entail enormous suffering and dislocations, but also create new opportunities and possibilities. There are some suggestions in the data that, historically, the collapse of parasitic elites actually improved the daily lives of the working class, who more or less get to go about their business without paying taxes and rents. Fingers crossed!

*************
COMMENT
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https://shiradest.wordpress.com/pubs-workshops-and-more/what-is-publicdomaininfrastructure/

1. libraries
2. mass transit
3. public health service support
4. free on-going legal & consumer debt law education/workshops/street corner talks...]]></description>
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    <title>Tales of The Town E10: OUSD Police - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-11-22T22:43:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddw4xIcN0hQ</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Oakland pig department has been a source of oppression and violence since its inception in 1853. Killings of unarmed civilians, terrorist style raids of homes, surveillance and criminalization of the youth- this is just the tip of the iceberg! The 10th episode of Tales Of The Town looks at some of the history surrounding OPD, and the communal fight to get them out of Oakland schools.

Desiree McSwain-Mims (Des): Organizer and Activist, a part of campaign to get OUSD out of Oakland schools.

Donna Murch: Professor of History at Rutgers University. Author of Living for the City: Migration, Education and the Rise of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California 

Michala Coates: Student organizer and activist."]]></description>
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    <title>Critical Race Theory: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-02-23T19:44:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EICp1vGlh_U</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["John Oliver explains what critical race theory is, what it isn’t, and why we can expect to hear more about it in the coming months."]]></description>
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    <title>What do we mean by public luxury? Glorious spaces that people can use and enjoy freely, cutting consumption and increasing connection — THE ALTERNATIVE UK</title>
    <dc:date>2022-02-07T18:19:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.thealternative.org.uk/dailyalternative/2022/1/30/what-is-the-case-for-public-luxury</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Sharp and ideas-crammed piece from the Scottish green consultant James MacKenzie, who is riffing on George Monbiot’s idea of public luxury for the Dundee Courier [https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/opinion/2923173/public-luxury-saving-world-without-personal-sacrifices/ ]. An extract below: 

Does saving the world really require major personal sacrifices? There’s a strand of environmentalism which believes it does, and that we should talk more about that. Hair shirt environmentalism may not be persuasive, they argue, but it’s necessary.

There’s no doubt we’re in a crisis. And we will need to make radical changes to find a fair way out of it. But “living well with less” is especially off-putting to people who already live and work in precarious situations.

The rich consume far more, of course. I remember flying over an affluent part of the New Jersey suburbs years ago, seeing row after row of properties, each with their own empty backyard swimming pool.

We must also continue to resist the decades-long efforts by businesses and regulators to persuade us that their failures are our fault. The radical changes required cannot be delivered by a few more people going vegan, or by the committed taking long-haul trains rather than flights.

But what changes could we make to our way of life that would make it happier while also less carbon-intensive and more resource-efficient?

One idea is the pursuit of “public luxury”, especially in cities and larger towns. It’s something George Monbiot has talked about a lot.

And it’s one way we can live more enjoyable – even more decadent – lives that are more affordable too, both financially and environmentally.


THE CASE FOR SHARED SPACE IN PUBLIC PLACES
Right now our public facilities are typically threadbare, underfunded, and anything but luxurio

I get very distressed when I hear libraries are under threat. But I think I’ve been to my local library once in the last decade. It hasn’t always been so.

This country used to build more glorious public spaces, especially in the late Victorian period of municipal Fabian idealism. For a totemic Scottish example, think of the People’s Palace in Glasgow, now in a miserable state of disrepair.

But imagine every city dotted with reimagined libraries. Imagine if they included free-to-access stylish co-working spaces, fast free wifi, screens for those who need them, alongside access to books and media.

These “people’s palaces” could be leisure spaces, as well as places for freelancers to work outside the home. Throw in some fancier sport and fitness spaces with open (bookable) access and free pool tables, perhaps steam baths too.

Include cafes where you don’t get frowned at for bringing your own packed lunch, and the possibilities of true public luxury start to become clear. We can make them places where people would actively want to spend time, paid for through progressive taxation.

Or think about personal transportation. The most urgent steps may be making our towns and cities accessible for walking and wheeling, with better public transport and town planning that doesn’t build in vast commutes.

But there will always be legitimate needs that can only really be met by a car or similar, and not just for disabled people. Replacing every petrol car with an electric is not the answer.

But what if cars could be provided as a public luxury? Each local authority could provide a car club, predominantly electrics, with a couple of hours free each week for every local resident.

Car clubs already work well for people committed enough to sign up, but the numbers remain small. For everyone else, sorting out tax, MOT, insurance, and repairs is an expensive pain – especially since each car is then used about 4% of the time.

It might feel like a treat to pick the right communally-owned vehicle for the occasion (a big van? a sleek estate? a wee runabout?), all well-looked after, and with all the paperwork taken care of for you. A national system of this sort might be the best possible carrot to help people make the shift.

For these ideas to work, we need to discard the Thatcherite myth that socialism means worse lives for the people.

The same ideology tells us that public assets must be tatty fallbacks for people who haven’t come out on top, as per the probably apocryphal quote calling anyone on a bus over the age of 30 a failure.

I’m reminded of a scene in the wonderful 1988 Channel 4 drama A Very British Coup, which imagines the victory of a leftwing Labour leader, Harry Perkins. He’s on the train from Sheffield the day after, and a journalist asks him if he wants to abolish first class travel.

With a twinkle in his eye, he says “no, I’ll abolish second class: I think everyone’s first class, don’t you?”"]]></description>
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