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    <title>Tolstoy and the Illusion of Inevitability | THR Web Features | Web Features | The Hedgehog Review</title>
    <dc:date>2026-06-17T10:22:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://hedgehogreview.com/web-features/thr/posts/tolstoy-and-the-illusion-of-inevitability</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Western thought repeatedly returns to the hope that contingency is an illusion."

...

"<blockquote>“Traveler, there is no road. The road is made by walking.” —Antonio Machado</blockquote>

Machado’s famous line suggests that the future does not exist in advance, waiting to be discovered, but comes into being through a choice among possible actions. Many possibilities exist at any given moment. The one that becomes actual depends on coincidences and chances as well as choices, all producing events whose significance emerges only as they unfold.

That, as it happens, is also Leo Tolstoy’s argument in War and Peace. In the book’s battle scenes, plans dissolve into confusion, causes multiply beyond reckoning, and outcomes hinge on fleeting, unrepeatable moments. On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, the novel’s hero, Prince Andrei, reflects that what lies ahead is not a determinate sequence but “a hundred million chances…decided on the instant.” What matters is less the perfection of a plan and more the ability to respond to what no plan could anticipate, by means of what Tolstoy calls “alertness.”

For Tolstoy, this is a feature not of war alone but of reality in general. History, far from representing the execution of a grand design, is rather the result of countless interacting elements, each shaping and reshaping what can happen next. New possibilities are always emerging as earlier ones are left unrealized. Life more closely resembles an evolving system than a solved equation. Events are contingent in Aristotle’s sense of the term: They “can either be or not be.” After all, if things could only happen one way, human action would collapse into the mechanical execution of what was already implicit in the present.  “If human life could be [entirely] governed by reason,” Tolstoy writes in the book’s epilogue, “the possibility of life is destroyed.” 

And yet again and again, in our aspiration to a hard science allowing for prediction, we are drawn to deny this. That is one reason War and Peace has never lost its relevance.

The Recurring Dream of Certainty

Since the scientific revolution, Western thought has repeatedly returned to the hope that contingency might be an illusion. As Newton explained the baffling complexities of planetary motion by four simple laws, perhaps, many imagined, the same could be done for human affairs. Thinkers as diverse as Marx, Skinner, and Malinowski have shared this dream, with each promising, in his own way, to reveal necessity beneath apparent disorder.

Complexity, for such men, is conceived of as a surface phenomenon, concealing an underlying simplicity that, once uncovered, will render the future knowable. Pierre-Simon Laplace insisted that events are certain, not probable: In speaking of their probability, we are really speaking of the chances our guesses may be accurate, but the events themselves are certain. Time and again, the apparent contingency of events is presented as evidence of our own ignorance. If we knew enough, we would see that events could not have happened otherwise.

But there is another possibility: that contingency is real—that the world is not merely complicated but fundamentally generative, that new possibilities are not simply revealed over time but produced within it, through the interaction of elements that cannot be fully anticipated in advance.

This is the world Tolstoy describes, one where knowledge cannot precede action, only emerge through it.

Time and the Limits of Foresight

Tolstoy’s deepest insight concerns time itself. In a deterministic view, time is a neutral space where events unfold according to fixed laws and the future lies already implicit in the present, waiting to be revealed. But in Tolstoy’s world, time is generative. Each moment reshapes what can happen next. Possibilities interact, combine, and disappear, their significance becoming visible only as events unfold.

One might say that the system is constantly generating variation—new configurations, new alignments, new opportunities—but without any overarching mechanism that selects among them in advance. Selection happens locally, in real time, through action. The closer one looks, the more things fail to simplify, as in the Newtonian model, and ramify instead. What happens to be taken up is what persists.

This is why most Austrian and Russian generals in War and Peace are consistently wrong. They believe they possess a science of warfare—a system capable of anticipating outcomes. Before Austerlitz, they insist that “every contingency has been foreseen.” The result is Napoleon’s greatest victory—yet their confidence remains intact, attributing failure to imperfect execution, never to the limits of prediction itself. As so often happens, the conviction that events must conform to a science makes the supposed science unfalsifiable.

The wisest general, Kutuzov, appreciates that people conceive only of a few possibilities while there are thousands. Famously, in the Council of War before Austerlitz, he advises not more planning but “a good night’s sleep.” What matters most is the alertness to seize opportunities that cannot be anticipated in advance.

This distinction—between a world that can be mapped and one that must be navigated—extends beyond warfare. Wherever outcomes depend on unfolding interactions, local knowledge, and irreversible time, no complete science is possible. One can orient oneself, but one cannot blaze the path in advance.

The Illusion of Inevitability

If the future is open, why does the past so often appear inevitable? Tolstoy offers several answers, including what he calls “the law of retrospection.”

Once events have occurred, we can reconstruct the paths that led to them. We identify signs that seem to foreshadow the outcome we now know. Alternatives fade from view—not because they were not real, but because they left no trace. The result is a powerful illusion: What happened begins to seem as if it had to happen.

Tolstoy asks us to imagine a group of men hauling a log, all pulling in different directions. Wherever they happen to wind up, someone will say they planned to do so.

This retrospective projection—which one of us has called backshadowing—reshapes our understanding of history. We look at earlier moments and conclude that the outcome was implicit all along. The more coherent the explanation, the easier it is to forget that things might have turned out otherwise. To avoid backshadowing, we must practice sideshadowing—recognizing that other outcomes, some of which we can imagine, were genuinely possible.  

That is just the insight that those who believe they have discovered a hard science allowing for prediction in the social world forget or deny. And yet they cannot foresee their own future. 

Tolstoy’s narrative resists this illusion by preserving the density of lived experience—the sense that at each moment multiple futures were genuinely possible. History, in this view, is not a line but a branching structure, most of whose branches vanish without record.

AI and Narrative Certainty

In the age of AI, this dream of certainty has taken a new and more persuasive form. Artificial intelligence can process vast datasets, identify patterns invisible to human perception, and generate explanations with remarkable coherence. Faced with such capabilities, it is tempting to believe that uncertainty can finally be overcome—that the future can be rendered legible in advance.

But the deeper effect of AI lies in its ability to reorganize the past. Given sufficient data, AI systems can produce narratives that make outcomes appear coherent, even inevitable. They can identify correlations, reconstruct causal chains, and highlight what they regard as signs foreshadowing what followed. The result is not necessarily false, but it is selective.

In this way, AI functions less as a predictor than as a powerful engine of narrative compression, reducing the apparent space of possibilities by presenting a single path as the path. What was once understood as a field of possible alternatives becomes retrospectively legible as an inevitable sequence, reducing many “futuribles” to one. The danger here lies in premature coherence, the sense that complexity has been resolved when it has only been reorganized into a persuasive form.

A Compass Rather Than a Map

Tools do more than extend thought; they reshape the environment in which thought occurs. AI, for instance, introduces a distinctive bias by generating what is statistically coherent, what resembles patterns derived from accumulated data.

In an evolutionary system, what persists is not necessarily what is best in any absolute sense but what is most easily selected under prevailing conditions. AI changes those conditions in the intellectual world, lowering the cost of generating variations while subtly guiding selection toward what is already legible within its patterns.

Over time, this can narrow the space of perceived possibilities by making them less visible, less accessible, less likely to be pursued. Certain forms of thought—those that resist simplification, that depend on sustained attention, or that emerge from direct engagement with the world—become comparatively fragile.

What follows from Tolstoy’s ideas, on the other hand, is not that prediction is useless or that analysis should be abandoned, but rather that we must think in terms of a compass rather than a map. A map assumes a fixed terrain and a determinate path, while a compass provides direction without specifying the route. In a world of genuine contingency, only the latter is available. One can choose a bearing, but the path itself is discovered through movement. Orientation is not foresight.

This is the force of Machado’s insight: The road is made by walking not because we lack information but because the path does not exist until it is created.

To accept this is to adopt a different understanding of knowledge, not as a complete representation of what will happen, but as a capacity to respond intelligently to what does happen. It is inseparable from time, from attention, from the ability to recognize significance as it emerges.

The impulse to eliminate contingency is understandable. Uncertainty is uncomfortable: It resists control and frustrates planning. But it is also what makes agency possible.

A world in which everything could be predicted would be a world in which nothing could be otherwise. Action would lose its meaning, since outcomes would already be fixed. The openness of the future is not a defect in our knowledge, but a condition of human life.

Artificial intelligence does not change this condition—but it can make us forget it. By rendering the past as if it had been inevitable, it invites us to imagine that the future is already written. Against this, one must insist on what Tolstoy and Machado understood in saying that the future remains unwritten, not because we have failed to compute it but because it does not yet exist."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-bills-that-destroyed-urban-america">
    <title>The Bills That Destroyed Urban America — The New Atlantis</title>
    <dc:date>2026-04-01T04:17:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-bills-that-destroyed-urban-america</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The planners dreamed of gleaming cities. Instead they brought three generations of hollowed-out downtowns and flight to the suburbs."

[See also:


"The Demise of Real Neighborhoods Is a Story of Finance"
https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-demise-of-real-neighborhoods-is-a-story-of-finance

"America’s neighborhoods were once beautiful, unique, dense, and scaled for a communal life on foot. But obscure federal rules piling up over a century have made it nearly impossible for banks to finance new ones."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>josephlawler cities us 2026 urbanplanning urban cars stlouis automobiles policy markgelfand history middleclass transit publictransit transportation streetcars rail railways trains congress pruitt-igoe neighborhoods progressive progressivism catherinebauer housing mobility nyc lecorbusier rationalism paris villeradieuse slums density crime michaelbloomberg rudolphgiuliani edithelmerwood puertoricop sanjuan planning laws law legal 1937 detroit zoining howardhusock publichousing society roberttaft banking banks finance lawmaking robertomoses 1949 1954 1973 richardnixon poverty fha 1932 1934 1944 alexandervonhoffman morthages suburbs suburbia economics economy race racism brooklyn oarkslope boston southend 1849 housingact</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.versobooks.com/products/602-capital-city">
    <title>Capital City: Gentrification and the Real Estate State | Verso Books</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-30T18:49:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.versobooks.com/products/602-capital-city</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Gentrification isn't driven by latte sipping hipsters – it's engineered by the capitalist state

Our cities are changing. Global real estate is now a $217 trillion dollar industry, 36 times the value of all the gold ever mined. It makes up 60 percent of the world's assets, and the most powerful person in the world – the president of the United States – made his name as a landlord and real estate developer.

As Samuel Stein makes clear in this tightly argued book, its through seemingly innocuous profession of city planners that we can best understand the transformations underway. Planners provide a window into the practical dynamics of urban change: the way the state uses and is used by organized capital, and the power of landlords and developers at every level of government. But crucially, planners also possess some of the powers we must leverage if we ever wish to reclaim our cities from real estate capital."]]></description>
<dc:subject>2019 gentrification samuelstein via:javierarbona realestate housing cities change landlords development us planning urbanplanning urbanchange capitalism government power</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.koozarch.com/essays/on-remaining-porous-research-as-a-lived-practice">
    <title>On Remaining Porous: research as a lived practice – KoozArch</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-29T01:54:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.koozarch.com/essays/on-remaining-porous-research-as-a-lived-practice</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In an era where institutional gravity favours the speed of "solutions" and the clarity of measurable outcomes, what does it mean to simply hold space for the unresolved? This essay marks a year of collaboration with the Nieuwe Instituut, reflecting on a decade of its Research Fellowship Programme — supporting the work of dozens of scholars and practitioners. Following contributions from former fellows, in this essay Delany Boutkan and Federica Notari advocate for a shift from the institution as a concrete host to a porous body."]]></description>
<dc:subject>delanyboutkan federicanotari 2026 nieuweinstituut institutions porosity unschooling unresolved altgdp openstudioproject practice research method complexity acceleration ambiguity funding planning systems concersation slow koozarch cláudiobueno akilscafe-smith sethscafe-smith loumo manuelazechner marinaoteroverzier najiabagi siegrunsalmanian brandonlabelle katíatruijen learning howwelearn knowledge trust hosting kristajantowski reinaartvanhoe renlorenbritton conclusions collapse ogrupinteiron refusal deschooling füsuntretken chrislee lunabughanem danielfrotaabreu robinhartantohonggare proximity distance evaposas life living exposure vulnerability fellowships inbetween betweenness situated time linearity alinear collectivism closure deadlines extraction norms measurement companionship pace disagreement justification burnout everyday timelines evaluation possibility deliverables progression progress accumulation hospitality unfinished temporary ephemerality productivity exhaustion inbetweenness between</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.upress.umn.edu/9781517916459/reclaiming-the-road/">
    <title>Reclaiming the Road: Mobility Justice beyond Complete Streets, by David L Prytherch (2025)</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-22T01:46:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.upress.umn.edu/9781517916459/reclaiming-the-road/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Imagining equitable streets for all

For the past century, our roadways have been engineered as pipes for cars, but they offer vast potential as public spaces. From New York and Boston to Portland and Los Angeles, cities are rethinking their streets, going beyond sidewalks and bike lanes to welcome nonmotorists to share the asphalt roadway. Reclaiming the Road traces the historical evolution of America’s streets and explores contemporary movements to retake them from cars—temporarily and permanently—for diverse forms of mobility and community life. To share the street raises important questions of equity, in transportation and beyond. David L. Prytherch proposes a bold, intersectional vision of a more just street.

Reclaiming the Road connects cutting-edge theory, policy analysis, and firsthand accounts from those leading the charge in transforming our streets to advocate for changing how we think about and design roads. Prytherch features case studies of nine major cities in the United States to show how experiments in reclaiming streets accelerated during the Covid-19 pandemic to become lasting changes. Through in-depth interviews, he shares stories of how planners, transportation advocates, and community leaders have implemented innovative programs for slowing neighborhood streets, opening roads for walking and biking, and reconstructing roadways with public parklets and street plazas as social spaces for curbside conversation.

Examining movements to transform streets through the lenses of equity and justice, Reclaiming the Road tackles the conceptual challenge of defining mobility justice and the practicalities of planning a more just public street, offering a compelling vision for the future of America’s public spaces."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/champions-apathy">
    <title>Champions of Apathy | Commonweal Magazine</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-10T22:46:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/champions-apathy</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The first neoliberals distrusted Christianity. Their heirs have tried to revise it."

...

"It would be easy to see all this as the triumph of the Calvinist doctrine of total depravity over the Catholic notion of the common good, but much of the debate took place between Catholics. Buckley was raised Catholic, Bozell converted as a young adult, Kirk converted in 1963, and Meyer did the same shortly before dying in 1972. Hayek was a Catholic as well.

Mises claimed that the Catholic Church’s premodern origins made it a natural ally of anyone who was against the current order. This conclusion was grounded in his suspicion of Catholicism, but it accurately identified the countercultural possibilities of the Church in a secularizing liberal world. Not surprisingly, there are also non-neoliberal currents within the American right, and here as well Catholicism looms large. Self-described “postliberals” and national conservatives (“natcons”) embrace tariffs—anathema to neoliberals—and claim to support a kind of neo-Fordist welfare state. Many are Catholic converts, and some of them, like Vice President J. D. Vance, have explicitly cited their faith as a reason for their break with neoliberal orthodoxy. But it remains to be seen whether—apart from tariffs, an idea Trump supports for his own reasons—postliberals and “natcons” will have much influence on economic policy or whether their influence will actually counteract neoliberalism. It is notable, and sadly predictable, that few postliberals and natcons publicly opposed Trump’s budget bill, which starved the welfare state to pay for massive tax cuts for the rich.

And it is hard to believe that any postliberal or natcon influence would actually represent a move toward a more compassionate right. Postliberals’ political activity seems less defined by concern for the poor and the working class than by hostility toward “outsiders”—immigrants, racial and ethnic minorities, and transgender people. Somewhat paradoxically, the Silicon Valley figures whose ideas owe something to the work of Meyer are often the allies of ideologues who follow in the tradition of Bozell: Vance, for example, is a protégé of libertarian billionaire Peter Thiel. And though Elon Musk himself has fallen out with the Trump administration, his crusade against federal agencies continues through the efforts of Russell Vought, the powerful director of the Office of Management and Budget. Musk is hostile to the “woke mind virus” not only as it pertains to business and government, but to any other field of endeavor. Neoliberalism’s opposition to any collective intervention motivated by compassion seems like its most durable contribution to the right, one capable of surviving in a post-neoliberal authoritarian age. 

Peter Thiel recently complained that Christianity “always takes the side of the victim,” and characterized “wokeness” as an “ultra-Christianity” extended from this compassion. He may foam at the mouth over the “woke mind virus” the way Elon Musk does, but he and the right more broadly agree that it has to be destroyed “for us to go back to a society that’s progressing.” The Silicon Valley right has invented its own gospel and even its own idea of the soul: Hayek’s conception of the mind was incongruous with human psychology but describes well the tech right’s vision for AI. Behold. From the industry that brought you libertarianism without civil liberties and currencies without value come minds without will and a Gospel without mercy."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://theconversation.com/a-1930s-movement-wanted-to-merge-the-us-canada-and-greenland-heres-why-it-has-modern-resonances-252587">
    <title>A 1930s movement wanted to merge the US, Canada and Greenland. Here’s why it has modern resonances</title>
    <dc:date>2026-01-22T06:55:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theconversation.com/a-1930s-movement-wanted-to-merge-the-us-canada-and-greenland-heres-why-it-has-modern-resonances-252587</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A movement that wanted to merge North America into one nation and extend its borders as far as the Panama Canal might sound incredibly familiar. But this group, called the “technocracy movement”, was a group of 1930s nonconformists with big ideas about how to rearrange US society. They proposed a vision that would get rid of waste and make North America highly productive by using technology and science.

The Technocrats, sometimes also called Technocracy Inc, proposed merging Canada, Greenland, Mexico, the US and parts of central America into a single continental unit. This they called a “Technate”. It was to be governed by technocratic principles, rather than by national borders and traditional political divisions.

These ideas seem to resonate with some recent statements from the Trump administration about merging the US with Canada. Meanwhile, the US Department of Government Efficiency (Doge) set up by Trump and led by tech billionaire Elon Musk, has also outlined a vision of efficiency cuts by slashing bureaucracy, jobs and getting rid of leaders of organisations and civil servants he thinks are advancing “woke” values (such as diversity initiatives). This slash-and-burn approach also fits with some of the ideas of the Technocrats.

In February, Musk said: “We really have here rule of the bureaucracy as opposed to rule of the people — democracy”. The Technocrats viewed elected politicians as incompetent. They advocated replacing them with experts in science and engineering, who would “objectively” manage resources for the benefit of society.

“The people voted for major government reform, and that’s what the people are going to get,” Musk told reporters after visiting the White House last month.

What did the Technocrats want to get rid of?

The 1930s’ movement was an educational and research organisation that advocated for a fundamental reorganisation of political, social and economic structures in the US and Canada. It drew on a book called Technocracy published in 1921 by an engineer called Walter Henry Smyth, which captured new ideas about management and science.

The movement gained significant attention during the Great Depression, a period of mass unemployment and economic problems lasting from 1929 to 1939. This was a time when widespread economic failures prompted radical ideas for systemic change. Technocracy appealed to those who saw technological advancements as a potential solution to economic inefficiency and inequality.

The Technocrats gained traction largely due to the work of Howard Scott, an engineer and economist, along with a group of engineers and academics from Columbia University. In 1932, Scott founded the Technical Alliance, which later evolved into Technocracy Inc.

Scott and his followers held lectures, published pamphlets and attracted a significant following, particularly among engineers, scientists and progressive thinkers. The movement may have influenced the design of future concepts such as planned communities and economies using more automation.

The movement’s ideological foundation was built on the belief that industrial production and distribution should be managed scientifically. Advocates argued that traditional economic systems such as capitalism and socialism were inefficient and prone to corruption, but that a scientifically planned economy could ensure abundance, stability and fairness.

[image: "A map coloured in red showing the area of the Americas the Technocracy movement wanted to unite.
An image from the Cornell University collection on the Technocracy movement. Cornell University – PJ Mode Collection of Persuasive Cartography"]

In the 1930s, members of Technocracy Inc sought to replace market-based economies and political governance with a system where experts made decisions based on data, efficiency and technological feasibility. Technocrats aimed to regulate consumption and production based on energy efficiency, rather than market forces.

Technocrats also believed that mechanisation and automation could eliminate much of the need for human labour, reducing work hours while maintaining productivity. Goods and services would be distributed based on scientific calculations of need and sustainability.

While the movement saw rapid growth in the early 1930s, it quickly lost momentum by the mid-to-late 1930s. Echoing some of the concerns of contemporary Americans, critics feared that a government run by unelected experts would lead to a form of authoritarian rule, where decisions were made without public input or democratic oversight.

Technocracy reborn?

But are we seeing a rebirth of some of these kinds of ideas in 2025? Musk has a familial connection with the movement, so is likely to be aware of it. His maternal grandfather, Joshua N. Haldeman was a notable figure in the technocracy movement in Canada during the 1930s and 1940s.

Musk’s ventures, such as the electric car giant Tesla, his space programme SpaceX, and neurotechnology company Neuralink prioritise innovation and automation, which aligns with the Technocrats’ vision of optimising human civilisation through scientific and technological means.

Tesla’s push for autonomous vehicles powered by renewable energy, for instance, chime with the movement’s early aspirations for an energy-efficient, machine-managed society. Additionally, SpaceX’s ambition to colonise Mars reflects the belief that technological ingenuity can overcome the limitations of living on Earth.

What Trump would disagree with

There are some significant differences between the current US government and the Technocrats, however. Musk’s approach to commerce remains firmly embedded in the free market.

His ventures thrive on competition and private enterprise rather than that of centralised, expert-led planning. And while the Technocrats believed in the abolition of money, wages and traditional forms of trade, the Trump administration clearly doesn’t.

Trump believes that politicians like him should run the country, along with partners such as Musk. Technocrats worried about elected politicians being driven by self-interest, but the current US administration seems to value mixing business interests with government decisions.

Although the technocracy movement never became a dominant force, its ideas influenced later discussions on topics such as scientific management and economic planning. The concept of data-driven governance championed by the Technocracy movement is part of modern planning, especially in areas like energy efficiency and urban planning.

The rise of AI and big data has reignited discussions about the role (and reach) of technocracy in modern society. In countries including Singapore and China governance is dominated by departments headed by those with technological backgrounds, who gain an elite status.

In the 1930s, the Technocrats faced significant criticism. The unions, more powerful than today, were almost entirely supportive of the progressive New Deal and its protection of workers’ rights, rather than the Technocrats. The US public’s resurgent belief in the US government during the New Deal era was far greater than today’s declining support in its political institutions, so those institutions would have been better equipped to resist challenges than they are today.

The technocracy movement of the 1930s may have faded, but its central ideas continue to shape contemporary debates about the intersection of technology and governmental planning. And, possibly, who should be in charge."]]></description>
<dc:subject>via:javierarbona technocracy technocrats elonmusk donaldtrump greenland doge 1930s history management mexico us canada henrysmyth howardscott technicalalliance automation economics economy capitalism socialism abundance stability fairness corruption scientificmanagement governance government consumption production centralplanning mechanization labor sustainability joshuahaldeman tesla spacex neuralink avs marscolonization colonialism colonization freemarket planning singapore china society</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Km2bn0HvUwg">
    <title>Everything Was Already AI - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2026-01-09T19:34:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Km2bn0HvUwg</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Feedback welcome, hope you enjoy this video which was a lot of fun to make (albeit late)

References (in rough order of appearance)

How to Make Realistic Predictions About AI, Tantham
https://curveshift.net/p/how-to-make-realistic-predictions

Silicon Valley Insider EXPOSES Cult-Like AI Companies | Aaron Bastani Meets Karen Hao 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8enXRDlWguU

‘Large AI models are cultural and social technologies’, Farrell et al.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt9819

Artificial Intelligences, Herbert Simon

Debunking Economics, Keen 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debunking_Economics

Scientists Just Discovered Why All Pop Music Sounds Exactly the Same
https://www.mic.com/articles/107896/scientists-finally-prove-why-pop-music-all-sounds-the-same

The Dorito Effect, Shatzker
https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Dorito-Effect/Mark-Schatzker/9781476724232

How Corporations Hijacked Anti-AI Backlash 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRq0pESKJgg

The Stock Market is a Conventional Wisdom Processor: Why Trump’s Tariffs Crashed the Stock Market While the Trump Musk Payments Crisis Hasn’t (Yet), Tankus
https://www.crisesnotes.com/content/files/2025/04/The-Stock-Market-is-a-Conventional-Wisdom-Processor-Why-Trump-s-Tariffs-Crashed-the-Stock-Market-While-the-Trump-Musk-Payments-Crisis-Hasn-t--Yet-.pdf

Elon Musk’s Billionaire Games - Between the Scenes | The Daily Show 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gqlbn2nPO-A

The Job Market Is Hell: Young people are using ChatGPT to write their applications; HR is using AI to read them; no one is getting hired. By Annie Lowrey
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/09/job-market-hell/684133/

What's Wrong with Capitalism (Part 1) | ContraPoints 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJW4-cOZt8A

Disney is Perfectly Happy With Their Catastrophic Downfall
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW2Zr8Q6Xqw  

Mr. Plinkett's What Happened To Star Wars?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xeMak4RqJA

AI Slop Is Destroying The Internet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zfN9wnPvU0

Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Economy - with Dr Stuart Mills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9E6p3J9dko8

An Existing, Ecologically-Successful Genus Of Collectively Intelligent Artificial Creatures, Kuipers
https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.4116
https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~kuipers/papers/Kuipers-ci-12.pdf

AI Integration Is the New Moat, Tim O’Reilly
https://www.oreilly.com/radar/integration-is-the-new-moat/

Dirty Little Marketing Secrets That Always Work - Rory Sutherland (4K)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvpw4_O25eU

The Time for Cybernetics Has Come - with Daniel Davies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3HpdNGvJDc

notes on the industrialisation of decision making, Davies
https://backofmind.substack.com/p/notes-on-the-industrialisation-of

the only message the channel can carry is a scream, Davies
https://backofmind.substack.com/p/the-only-message-the-channel-can

The AI Circular Economy, Blakeley
https://graceblakeley.substack.com/p/the-ai-circular-economy

The Case Against Generative AI, Zitron
https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-case-against-generative-ai/

The Map is Eating the Territory: The Political Economy of AI, Farrell
https://www.programmablemutter.com/p/the-political-economy-of-ai

the ending of every 7 hour video essay
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8reiauyQCM 

Further reading

AI: What Could Go Wrong? with Geoffrey Hinton - The Weekly Show with Jon Stewart | Podcast on Spotify
https://open.spotify.com/episode/4pWuwQq8M8Gzf9F9U0AYZW

Transformers, the tech behind LLMs | Deep Learning Chapter 5 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjZofJX0v4M

You're Being Lied To About Private Equity | Truth Complex 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pzLhWCxH_g 

AI As a Normal Technology, Arvind Narayanan & Sayash Kapoor
https://knightcolumbia.org/content/ai-as-normal-technology "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2025/11/20/reshaping-the-city-key-to-the-city-zoning/">
    <title>Reshaping the City | Samuel Stein | The New York Review of Books</title>
    <dc:date>2025-11-22T20:21:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2025/11/20/reshaping-the-city-key-to-the-city-zoning/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["What does zoning reform have the power to change?"

[archived:
https://archive.ph/SAr50 ]

"The ire Bronin summons on the issues of CAFOs and car culture makes for a stark contrast with the way she treats the other big issues she discusses, particularly housing affordability. In virtually every city and many smaller towns across the country, housing prices are far outpacing wages, leading to a groundswell of organizing to bring down rents and build up social housing. In their fight against big real estate, tenant organizers use much the same language as Bronin does in her critique of big agriculture, but if they read Key to the City they will find little of that fury aimed at corporate landlords or luxury developers. One reason Bronin may hold back on some of these other issues, however, is that zoning reform alone is rarely enough to resolve them.

In several places, Bronin acknowledges that rezoning an area will not in and of itself achieve the desired changes. She commends Minneapolis for comprehensively revising its zoning code to allow for more housing construction, for instance, but finds that not much was actually built. She makes a strong case for mixed-use density being essential to well-functioning public transportation, arguing that when housing, workplaces, retail, and community spaces are widely separated, transit systems cannot work and people spend an inordinate amount of time in their cars, but she laments that rezoning itself will not bring in new transit or demolish useless highways. That would require other planning decisions and, crucially, significant amounts of capital and operating funding, which many cities cannot afford, particularly in the absence of strong federal support for mass transit.

In one telling section, Bronin points to inclusionary zoning, or rules mandating that new development include some affordable housing, as an example of how “well-intentioned zoning policies can go awry.” Following up on a tip from her sister’s boyfriend, a Pittsburgh property developer, she finds that the city’s inclusionary zoning policy, implemented as a pilot program in 2019, failed to produce much affordable housing. She believes the problem is that in low-growth markets, inclusionary zoning ultimately imposes costs on developers that stymie housing production and raise prices overall. This may be true, but it overlooks another way the policy missed the mark. Bronin describes Pittsburgh as “one of the five poorest large cities in the country, with one-fifth of its residents living below the poverty line,” but she declines to mention that its inclusionary zoning rules require housing only for people earning two to three times the poverty wage. Bronin can demonstrate why the policy frustrates developers but not how it fails tenants, and thus she misses the opportunity to explain why zoning is insufficient to solve the problems of poverty and for-profit housing.

Given Bronin’s extensive work in Hartford, which she returns to several times throughout the book, I was curious to see how conditions there changed after its 2016 comprehensive rezoning, which allowed for more housing and business development throughout the city, altered rules about sidewalk and road design, and reduced public input over individual construction projects. Census data from the five years prior to and following 2016 show a confounding set of trends, which may or may not be related to the rezoning. On the positive side, the housing stock increased by 5 percent, including a notable number of new buildings with over fifty apartments. Labor force participation increased slightly, and real incomes went up by $2,653. But the same data also show a decline both in overall population and in population density, as well as a rise in vacant housing units that are neither for sale nor for rent. The number of detached single-family homes rose, while the number of denser attached homes fell. Most starkly, the racial income gap exploded, with white households’ incomes rising over thirty times more than those of Black households—a median increase of $13,594 versus $427.

As Bronin rightly reminds us, the effects of rezoning take time. Zoning codes are largely rules about what private developers can and cannot do, but these rules do not mandate that developers act. Still, it would be helpful to know whether Bronin believes Hartford’s rezoning is responsible for any of these changes, good or bad.

If zoning is the key to the city, we might wonder, what is the lock? For Bronin, zoning is ultimately both lock and key: the lock because it has been “cloaked in a shroud of mystery that obscured its culpability” and because it maintains features that residents might otherwise seek to change; the key because, armed with this knowledge, residents and city planners can rewrite zoning codes to radically reform cities. “Done wrong, zoning can yoke us to past mistakes, acting as an invisible drag on our aspirations,” Bronin writes. “But done right, zoning can be a revolutionary vehicle for transforming place.”

“Revolutionary” is a strong word. Elsewhere in the world, zoning is but one limited tool in the array of mechanisms available to urban planners. Bronin acknowledges this in the book’s final paragraph:

<blockquote>To be sure, zoning is not the only tool that matters. History, time, wealth, geography, and countless other factors will shape how communities evolve and develop. But while good zoning is not sufficient, it is necessary. Most important, it’s something that we control. And that makes it the key to building the cities and towns that we long for.</blockquote>

This disclaimer is itself necessary but insufficient. Zoning may be what American cities control, but that is largely because their power over so much else has been stripped away by federal and state policy and budget reforms. The high point of American planning was likely the New Deal, when government not only directed private capital but built new social infrastructure on a monumental scale. The historian Joel Schwartz has called the 1930s in New York City “a decade where everyone dabbled at planning.” Advocates for a Green New Deal seek to revive this era of decisive state action and implicitly critique the notion that zoning is the pinnacle of planning.

American planning is so tethered to zoning in large part because it is the last option available. Sure, it might be better for cities to build mass social housing, but with the resources they have, an upzoning will do. Yes, it might be best to build high-speed rail lines and streetcars across the nation, but reducing parking mandates is a start. Certainly we would like to rebuild large urban commons for community farming, but for now we can at least relax rules against keeping chickens and bees.

To move beyond these limited horizons, we need politics: political movements of organized people fighting for their interests and contesting those who exploit them. Rezoning should be a component of those politics, but it cannot be their sum. Even if it were, any major rezoning effort is sure to encounter resistance. Reshaping the city takes power, not just policy."]]></description>
<dc:subject>samuelstein 2025 cities urban urbanism planning urbanplanning development deregulation zoning reform housing yimby yimbys yimbyism ezraklein derekthompson abundance abundancenetwork abundancemovement via:javierarbona california gavinnewsom ericadams nyc democrats affordability zohranmamdani thepowerbroker sarabronin sanfrancisco policy houston nimby nimbyism nimbys property privatization rentcontrol publicowership publichousing theastergates highline upzoning rezoning vacancies power greennewdeal construction urbandevelopment joelschwartz hartford poverty inequality population demographics pittsburgh tenants minneapolis abundanceagenda</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHMGb-dLfOU&amp;t=1s">
    <title>Fighting San Francisco's Manhattanization with Tim Redmond - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-10-08T20:56:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHMGb-dLfOU&amp;t=1s</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Welcome to another episode of the Doomloop Dispatch, the news show covering the worst parts of the San Francisco Bay Area. In this episode, Kevin and D Scott talk to Tim Redmond, editor of the 48 Hills and former executive editor of the Bay Guardian. We get into Tim’s reporting on the recall of San Francisco supervisor Joel Engardio and his thoughts on Engardio’s replacement. We also talk about how real estate speculation destroyed the city and the state of local legacy media. Really good stuff!

Sources

All of Tim’s stories in 48Hills
https://48hills.org/author/tim/

Here’s what Scott Wiener has done
https://48hills.org/2025/09/heres-what-scott-wiener-has-done/

The Engardio recall, Yimby urbanist elitism, and the next step in SF politics
https://48hills.org/2025/09/the-engardio-recall-yimby-urbanist-elitism-and-the-next-step-in-sf-politics/

The Engardio recall and the failure of conservative politics in SF
https://48hills.org/2025/09/the-engardio-recall-and-the-failure-of-conservative-politics-in-sf/

Strange (and maybe inappropriate) actions at the Planning Commission …
https://48hills.org/2025/09/strange-and-maybe-inappropriate-actions-at-the-planning-commission/

Bullshit opinion piece on Family Zoning plan
https://sfstandard.com/opinion/2025/09/21/small-business-lurie-upzoning-sharky-laguana-ben-bleiman/ "]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://thedigradio.com/podcast/actual-abundance-w-isabella-weber-malcolm-harris-paul-williams/">
    <title>Actual Abundance with Isabella Weber, Malcolm Harris, Paul Williams · The Dig</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-25T05:50:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thedigradio.com/podcast/actual-abundance-w-isabella-weber-malcolm-harris-paul-williams/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Featuring Isabella Weber, Malcolm Harris, and Paul Williams on Abundance. A debate and discussion of: the book; the discourse; the underlying economic and political questions of how we make the affordable housing, green energy, and fast trains we need; and how actual capitalist social relations appear to us in mystified form as “supply” and “demand.”"

[Also here:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/actual-abundance-w-isabella-weber-malcolm-harris-paul/id1043245989?i=1000718510277
https://open.spotify.com/episode/3NtyySysDLXxXveZilPwma ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>isabellaweber malcolmharris paulwilliams 2025 thedig danieldenvir abundance abundancenetwork ezraklein derekthompson neoliberalism growth trickledowneconomics economics yimby yimbyism yimbys media socialmedia upzoning housing liberalism greenenergy energy deregulation capitalism transportation medicine healthcare china publicfinance planning centrism radicalcentrism policy moderates left berniesanders zoning investment power abundancemovement regulation accelerationism progressivism technosolutionism trickledown abundanceagenda</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://worksinprogress.co/issue/how-to-redraw-a-city/">
    <title>How to redraw a city - Works in Progress Magazine</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-17T19:14:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://worksinprogress.co/issue/how-to-redraw-a-city/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Japan faced some of the world’s toughest planning problems. It solved them by letting homeowners replan whole neighborhoods privately by supermajority vote."]]></description>
<dc:subject>anyamartin japan urbanplanning 2025 tokyo cities urban urbanism infrastructure naples london napoli land landuse us germany spain españa italia italy barcelona berlin expropriation france paris roads west landownership property circulation modernization planning decentralization frankfurt weimarrepublic gardencities suburbs reconstruction landreadjustment change homeowners netherlands piotyrstolypin russia england landrights commons stintedcommons stints agriculture rural taiwan southkorea korea redevelopment israel vancouver squamish angola huambo uk nepal bhutan mongolia housing anglosphere</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hcICHEjX08">
    <title>Why the Left Should REJECT Ezra Klein's &quot;Abundance&quot; Garbage - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-29T18:39:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8hcICHEjX08</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This abundance panel, which been weeks in the making, is well timed: A new poll shows that voters prefer populist messaging to "abundance" messaging by a significant margin, throwing advocates of Abundance -- a new book by Ezra Klein & Derek Thompson--  into a tizzy. So what is "Abundance" anyway, & why has left-twitter been so antagonistic to the ideology? Are pro-Abundance advocates like Matt Yglesias, Ezra Klein, & Derek Thompson right when they say the left's critiques are only vibe based, or is the left raising legitimate concerns about a corporate-backed, astro-turfed campaign intended to syphon off genuine populist anger? We've assembled the authors of three of the best abundance-critical op-eds to discuss. It's the most comprehensive and specific explanation of why the left should reject the "abundance" framing you're likely to hear."]]></description>
<dc:subject>abundance 2025 ezraklein derekthompson neoliberalism redistribution economics mattyglesias sandeepvaheesan aaronregunberg isabellaweber markets ecomomics trickledowneconomics trickledown liberals liberalism regulation renewables cleanenergy zephyrteachout left corporations corporatism greed deregualtion economy politics politicaleconomy democrats democracy progressivism progressive workingclass berniesanders oligarchy maga donaldtrump resistance fascism antifascism zoning healthcare medicareforall affordability populism fossilfuels ai artificialintelligence bigtech reaganism lexfridman profits billionaires yimby yimbys yimbyism labor work workers nimby nimbyism osha nimbys pollution health education environmentaljustice socialjustice rightwing farright bureaucracy technocracy us china hsr highspeedrail texas california privatesector privatization government governance elonmusk spacex nasa infrastucture tesla newdeal history nuclearenergy nepa lobbying utilities monopolies policy extraction extractivism fdr pu</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://jacobin.com/2025/03/abundance-klein-thompson-book-review">
    <title>What the “Abundance Agenda” Leaves Out</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-19T05:14:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://jacobin.com/2025/03/abundance-klein-thompson-book-review</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson’s new book Abundance has plenty of merits, writes Matt Bruenig, but its emphasis on growth and innovation must be married to other egalitarian concerns."]]></description>
<dc:subject>ezraklein derekthompson 2025 abundance mattbruenig planning infrastructure economics politics policy cities urban urbanims trickldowneconomics neoliberalism growth innovation deregulation inequality statusquo welfarestate nordiccountries taxes taxation donaldtrump malcolmharris berniesanders capitalism yimby yimbys yimbyism liberalism trickledown trickledowneconomics growrh environment regulation housing housingcrisis sanfrancisco law legal government governance technosolutionism technooptimism libertarianism reaganism abundanceagenda abundancenetwork abundancemovement accelerationism progressivism</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:abfb410e0155/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUdtXxzBVG0">
    <title>CLIR Climate Resiliency Webinar. Session 5: Placed Base Planning - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-11T20:52:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUdtXxzBVG0</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Culture bearers, stewards, librarians, archivists, and museum professionals play a vital role in preserving history, memory, and culture for local and regional communities. The impacts of climate change make preserving cultural heritage more challenging for the heritage and arts sectors. Assessing risk and long-term effects based on data, as well as cross-sector network building, is critical to strengthening community resilience at both the local and regional levels. Participants in this workshop will learn how to use online tools to interpret climate data at the local and regional level to understand the risks for long-term impacts of climate change. Participants will also learn how to gain situational awareness at the local and state levels by identifying climate-related planning and policy documents created by governmental entities. With climate data and knowledge of existing plans and policies, participants should feel more confident in understanding community resilience and how to tap into support networks and identify those concerned and experienced in addressing climate change."]]></description>
<dc:subject>2025 jenniferwaxman archives archiving libraries librarians climate climatechange environment globalwarming museums via:todrobbins history memory culture knowledge risk riskassement awareness policy planning</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://cooperationjackson.org/announcementsblog/buildandfighteducationalseries">
    <title>The Build and Fight Educational Series — Cooperation Jackson</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-09T20:11:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://cooperationjackson.org/announcementsblog/buildandfighteducationalseries</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Join us for this critical educational series the second Tuesday of every month. The series will center around presentations given by Kali Akuno, but will include special guests for various sections who will share their experiences and learnings to add onto the formula and how it can be employed to build eco-socialism from below. 

The Build and Fight Formula is both an argument and a proposed methodology on how to build eco-socialism from below, meaning through the self-organized activities and institutions of the working class and oppressed people. 

We hope this series will provide organizers and activists with some critical analytical tools and methods to improve their practice and to encourage us to better coordinate and plan our productive activities, and to horizontally federate in order to build and aggregate our social and political power to advance our liberation. 

Sessions will be aired at 7 pm est/6 pm cst/5 pm mst/4 pm pst every second Tuesday of the month and streamed on Youtube, Facebook, Instagram and other social media platforms."

["The Build and Fight Formula is a program for the radical transformation of society. Kali Akuno, Co-founder and Executive Director of Mississippi-based Cooperation Jackson, leads this multi-part educational series in partnership with Rootwork. Subscribe also to Cooperation Jackson’s channel, @jacksonrising, as well."

Part 1: Introduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFA7urzNwt8

Part 2: Mutual Aid and Social Reproduction 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-DGOLRSYWU

Part 3: Food Sovereignty and Land Decommodification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgf7b-P3rbc

Part 4: Worker Self-Organization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydSN10BEb1c

Part 5: Community Production
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnHCFC4F3FM

Part 6: Social Digital Infrastructure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOOrym6JALo

Part 7: Self-Defense
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IV6SMZCvc4

Part 8: People’s Assemblies and Planning Councils
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiV9ZmsaWn8 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>cooperationjackson kaliakuno 2025 mutualaid organzing socialreproduction economics foodsoverignty landdecommodification land landus workers work labor unions community communityproduction production socialdigitalinfrastructure self-defense collectivism collectives cooperatives cooperation resistance planning organizing</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02637758241263205">
    <title>Terra infirma: On the base map in urban cartography and GIS - Clancy Wilmott, Alexis E Wood, 2024</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-23T17:01:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02637758241263205</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This article investigates the ways in which base maps are a fundamental, but under-recognised, starting point for planners, architects, cartographers and geographic information scientists in urban spatial planning and decision-making contexts. Focusing on the case study of a collaborative mapping project with the Wood Street Commons, an unhoused community in West Oakland, it contends that base maps create a cartographic terra infirma, fundamentally shaping the process of negotiations over urban space in ways that reinforce possessive logics and normalize property as central to the function of the city. Base maps do so by paradoxically absenting all people – with the effect of absenting the occupation of land by unhoused people, while shielding property owners from view while enacting their possession through infrastructure, parcel boundaries and land features. We argue this privileging inherent in the urban base map ultimately fuels a process of “unbecoming” (Fraser, 2018) – a simultaneous invisibilizing and reproduction of spatial inequality – and in response, call for attention towards the politics of base maps from urban cartographers, planners, architects and spatial scientists alike."]]></description>
<dc:subject>2024 maps mapping cartography gis basemaps clancywilmott alexiswood westoakland geography politics planning architecture homeless homelessness erasure terrainfirma urban urbanism urbanplanning woodstreetcommons</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/U/bo51204053.html">
    <title>Urban Lowlands: A History of Neighborhoods, Poverty, and Planning, by Steven Moga (2020)</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-20T03:24:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/U/bo51204053.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Interrogates the connections between a city’s physical landscape and the poverty and social problems that are often concentrated at its literal lowest points.

In Urban Lowlands, Steven T. Moga looks closely at the Harlem Flats in New York City, Black Bottom in Nashville, Swede Hollow in Saint Paul, and the Flats in Los Angeles, to interrogate the connections between a city’s actual landscape and the poverty and social problems that are often concentrated at its literal lowest points. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective on the history of US urban development from the nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century, Moga reveals patterns of inequitable land use, economic dispossession, and social discrimination against immigrants and minorities. In attending to the landscapes of neighborhoods typically considered slums, Moga shows how physical and policy-driven containment has shaped the lives of the urban poor, while wealth and access to resources have been historically concentrated in elevated areas—truly “the heights.” Moga’s innovative framework expands our understanding of how planning and economic segregation alike have molded the American city."]]></description>
<dc:subject>geography cities urban urbanism poverty econpmics stevenmoga 2020 via:javierarbona harlem nyc nashville losangeles saintepaul swedehollow lowlands landscape planning urbanplanning</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:c2baecb67550/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-31/to-ease-parenting-burdens-we-need-better-housing-and-street-designs-too">
    <title>To Ease Parenting Burdens, We Need Better Housing and Street Designs, Too - Bloomberg</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-04T00:03:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-12-31/to-ease-parenting-burdens-we-need-better-housing-and-street-designs-too</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Family life has always been stressful. But a recent declaration by the US Surgeon General that parenting is a public health crisis has reignited conversations about how families might stop the endless spiral of expectation. What’s been less discussed is how the physical design of housing, transportation and public space makes life harder by increasing commute times, reducing communal play spaces and creating barriers to children’s mobility.

Parenting experts say children need to learn independence and resilience. But cities and suburbs don’t offer safe pedestrian and bike routes to school, malls kick teenagers out on the weekends, and free time disappears under a spreadsheet of activities. All of those “musts” take more of the parents’ time or money to navigate, because the child can’t do it on their own.

As Darby Saxbe, a clinical psychologist, recently wrote in the New York Times, “underparenting requires structural change.” Unlike most political pundits, she’s not just talking about economic policies like family leave and subsidized child care. She’s talking about actual physical structures, and the cultural change required to populate them. We need to “build back our tolerance for children in public spaces,” she writes, “and create safe environments where lightly supervised kids can roam freely.”

Calls for such environments increased during the pandemic, as cities nonsensically closed playgrounds, and families found themselves pinched between remote work and remote school. Philadelphia’s Parks & Recreation department moved summer camp to the street, while parents whose kids had previously been too busy to socialize found driveways, garages and cul-de-sacs made great play zones when no one was driving in and out.

While many temporary fixes disappeared once the pandemic was declared over, Queens’s Paseo Park, a 1.3-mile-long corridor in family-heavy Jackson Heights, is finally getting a permanent open streets design to reduce car traffic after people experienced the joys of not having to text to make plans, pay for organized after-school activities, or battle with cars when learning to ride a bike.

Cities, already in dire need of more affordable housing and ways to retain families, should look to the past: History has no shortage of other examples of designs that foster more spontaneous interactions and spaces for play. Indeed, urban planners have been trying to design dense, connected, family-friendly neighborhoods since the turn of the last century.

Progressive-Era transit-oriented suburbs like Radburn, New Jersey, turned the cul-de-sac inside out, creating a connected greenspace on the doorstep of dozens of homes, and banishing cars to the periphery. Denser versions built in the 1970s, with stacks of mid-rise apartments rather than single-family homes overlooking an open green, also proved so successful that people haven’t wanted to abandon their community — even after the children are long gone.

Unlike most postwar suburbs, these developments prioritized common space over individual square footage, with small private yards and few bonus rooms; birthday parties happened in the common house, and child-led play on the common playground. You don’t need your own swing set when the community provides.

The same kind of thinking prevails in family-oriented urban buildings: While developers do need to provide more three-bedroom apartments, shared amenities like playrooms, courtyards, and party rooms can take the pressure off individual apartments. Cohousing, a longstanding intentional community model, usually adds shared guest apartments and a big kitchen to the mix to encourage group activity and make smaller apartment sizes acceptable.

A town doesn’t need to redesign its housing stock to achieve many of the same ends. Widening sidewalks, closing streets for play on afternoons and weekends, adding speed humps and opening schoolyards after hours can immediately provide the same ease for impromptu hang-outs, with even more potential playmates. Neighborhoods that mix housing with retail and offices have built-in amenities that make such spaces more conducive to child independence and whole-family convenience: Corner stores for coffee and snacks, shops for running errands before, after or during play, and often more ambitious and more varied play equipment.

Additional conveniences along daily routes can and should be built into street designs. In 2019, the National Association of City Transportation Officials, released the report Designing Streets for Kids, which underlined two major design imperatives: increased and independent mobility, and more spaces to pause and rest. The report stresses the physical and mental benefits of streets designed with kids in mind, but also warns that “children’s bodies and brains are less developed and more vulnerable to the environment in which they live,” and that they need an “environment in which unhealthy risks from the street” — traffic violence, pollution and noise — are minimized, while opportunities for play, independent movement, and social interactions are maximized. As transportation scholar Tara Goddard said in a recent episode of The War on Cars, “We want to have places, especially in our dense urban areas, where, you know what? It’s OK if a kid darts out. …We need to build an environment that is more forgiving of that.”

While open streets and open schoolyards are nice, families also crave no- and low-cost indoor activities. In winter, it can be difficult to squeeze in a park visit before dark, so cities need to invest in good lighting, both for the equipment and, in a larger park, on the paths from sidewalk to playground. Some new park designs address this by adding indoor-outdoor spaces: In its masterplan for Tucson’s Reid Park, Sasaki leveraged the redesign of a restroom pavilion into a large overhanging roof, creating a shaded space with tables and chairs next to a playground with a brand-new splash pad.

As the planet warms, low- and no-cost climate-controlled spaces like community centers and public libraries also need to be considered family amenities — and built to accommodate physical play as well as story time and craft classes. There are fewer shopping malls than there used to be, yet they have also long served both the very young and very old in extreme weather, with hot and iced drinks, bathrooms and plenty of seating.

For teens, public amenities can provide needed opportunities to take their interactions offline. Hanging out in groups is not necessarily prohibited in urban parks the way it is in playgrounds with age restrictions, parking lots with “no loitering” signs, and malls with curfews and parental escort policies. In cities, they don’t need drivers’ licenses and cars to meet up. But parks also need to be designed for these uses, with conversational seating, bigger and riskier swings and climbing structures, and young adult-centric programming like skate parks. Passive supervision in these spaces — from concessionaires, older skaters, or just good lighting and circulation — can help to defuse the inevitable “teens can’t handle it” pushback.

If children have been raised for independence — walking or riding to school, rather than being driven, for example — the transition from childhood to adolescence, and the ability to access first the block, then the neighborhood, then the city, is much smoother. Psychologist Jacqueline Nesi noted in a recent edition of her Techno Sapiens newsletter, “We often lament kids’ filling their free time with screens, but here’s the thing: we need to be providing them with alternatives.”

American childhood has become so privatized that political parties fight child-care subsidies. In this climate, child-friendly street improvements, much less teen-centric hangout spots, may seem like a bridge too far. But most of the amenities that would make having a family easier benefit everyone. You might not care about slow streets, shaded benches, or walkable shops now, but you are one pregnancy, knee operation, or visit from an older relative away from becoming suddenly, even painfully, aware of the location of every bench, elevator, ramp and bathroom on your daily commute.

A city of singles and young marrieds is a city that is constantly reintroducing itself to the world, chasing dollars with brunches and happy hours, and then having to do it all over again as those couples depart for places with affordable three-bedrooms and trees within reach.

Parenthood is a time when adults should naturally become more rooted in place, as they re-experience the built environment at toddler pace, and a time when they often seek community with other new parents. Urban areas, built right, could support families by making their lives easier — one courtyard, speed bump and playground at a time."

[via:
https://sarahendren.com/2025/02/03/children-in-public-spaces/

"Everyone loves to complain about helicopter parenting. Folks to my left want state-provided, kinda-structured free-range play; folks to my right want homeschooling cooperatives. But so many designed solutions for free outdoor play are ready to hand, if communities can just rally around them. People of the USA, I beg you: build parks, good sidewalks, shaded indoor-outdoor spaces — not just fenced yards. These spaces make neighborhoods, which are the real user interface.

via Jarrett Fuller [https://scratchingthesurface.fm/263-nicolay-boyadjiev ]"]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://newrepublic.com/article/148137/wendell-berry-wants">
    <title>What Wendell Berry Wants | The New Republic</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-27T00:34:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://newrepublic.com/article/148137/wendell-berry-wants</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Can an environmentalist avoid political movements and the big, structural solutions they offer?"

...

"It would be as reductive to call Wendell Berry a conservationist as it would be to call him an essayist. In the 31 pieces collected in The World-Ending Fire: The Essential Wendell Berry, the National Humanities Medal-winning poet, novelist, essayist, conservationist and farmer expounds on topics that range from farming, technology, economics, man’s proper relationship to nature, government, and social movements, to industrial disasters, marriage, the human acquisition of knowledge, drowning, labor, animal husbandry, eating, education, the Bible, Huckleberry Finn, and pleasure. Written between 1968 and 2011, all of the essays are ultimately about the same thing: how to live a rightly-ordered life.

Berry is not the type of chipper environmentalist who believes that capitalism can persist unabated as long as we install more solar panels. Nor is he the type of cerebral climate catastrophist who considers all action futile, opting instead to mutter into his wine glass about the anthropocene. In his view, the rightly-ordered life respects nature’s ability to give us sustenance and to destroy us, as it brings both the yearly flowering of bluebells and the deadly currents of the flooded Kentucky River. Topsoil is “Christ-like in its passivity and beneficence.” Nature is, in the words of the poet Edmund Spenser, “the greatest Goddesse… the ‘equall mother’ of all,” who “knittest each to each, as brother unto brother.’” She operates as God’s deputy to mete out earthly justice. And she has a warrant out for us.

Perhaps it makes sense for a man whose outlook is based on a kind of mysticism to eschew political categories and to be leery of social movements. The World-Ending Fire includes the 1998 essay “In Distrust of Movements,” in which Berry claims that political movements are ineffective because they tend to focus myopically on single issues instead of on structures, and because their language is often co-opted by corporations. He claims elsewhere that large-scale solutions inevitably ignore the particularities of local cultures and local ecosystems. “My own inclination,” he told Sarah Leonard in a 2012 interview for Dissent, “is not to start with a political idea or theory and think downward to the land and the people, but instead to start with the land and the people, the necessity for harmony between local ecosystems and local economies, and think upward to conserving policies such as those of the 50-Year Farm Bill.”

On the whole, this political ambivalence works to Berry’s advantage, allowing him a kind of broad appeal that few anti-capitalists or conservationists enjoy. He has a large conservative and Christian readership that is drawn to his promotion of housekeeping, agriculture, humility, and devotion to community. He is also admired by proponents of farm-to-table eating like Mark Bittman, who calls him “the soul of the real food movement.” Berry and his wife Tanya famously run a farm in Port Royal, Kentucky which relies on horse-drawn plows. In “The Making of a Marginal Farm,” from 1980, he describes “producing nearly everything that we ate: fruit, vegetables, eggs, meat, milk, cream, and butter.” In “The Pleasures of Eating,” from 1989, Berry urges readers to grow and prepare their own food, at least to the extent that it’s possible. “I like to eat vegetables and fruits that I know have lived happily and healthily in good soil, not the products of the huge, bechemicaled factory-fields,” he writes.

The trouble is, most of the essays in The World-Ending Fire deal with with topics that are, at heart, political. In “Economy and Pleasure,” from 1988, he writes about incipient American inequality in the aftermath of the Farm Credit Crisis and two rounds of Reagan tax cuts:

The ideal of competition always implies, and in fact requires, that any community must be divided into a class of winners and a class of losers. The losers simply accumulate in human dumps. The idea that the displaced and dispossessed “should seek retraining and get into another line of work” is, of course, utterly cynical. There is no limit to the damage and the suffering implicit in this willingness that losers should exist as a normal economic cost.

The danger of the ideal of competition is that it neither proposes nor implies any limits. It proposes simply to lower costs at any cost, and to raise profits at any cost. It does not hesitate at the destruction of the life of a family or the life of a community. It pits neighbor against neighbor as readily as it pits buyer against seller. Every transaction is meant to involve a winner and a loser. And for this reason the human economy is pitted without limit against nature.

At times it is frustrating that political categories and ideologies as such rarely figure into his work, though he examines their effects. Wary of large-scale solutions and “government planning,” in World-Ending Fire, Berry repeatedly rails against “bureaucrats.” “We have failed to produce new examples of good home and community economies,” he writes in “Word and Flesh,” from 1989. “Without examples, we are left with theory and the bureaucracy and meddling that come with theory.” Writing, here, in the wake of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, he finds the environmental movement lacking; the best way to make a disaster like this less likely to happen again, he argues, is for individuals to become less dependent on fossil fuels. Never mind that one of the reasons so many individuals are dependent on fossil fuels is that fuel companies in the United States contrived to kill public transit and make American communities car-dependent.

Today’s most pressing environmental threats require large-scale solutions. Alyssa Battistoni has made the case that a universal basic income could lay the groundwork for an economy not centered on growth but on respect for nature’s limits. And Ryan Cooper has proposed that the most effective way to address climate change would be through a “green New Deal.” Both of these solutions are big and centralized, and would require government intervention, which would require building broad public support—through the work of politics. To take big solutions off the table is a kind of giving up.

But Berry reminds us that to take small solutions off the table is also a kind of giving up. Some conservationists believe that because ecological problems are structural, there is no point in growing and cooking your own food, in setting down roots in a community, in being kind to your neighbors. Because you don’t personally own an oil corporation or an agribusiness concern, because you are but one interchangeable unit in a system that doesn’t care if you live or die, you may as well drive as much as you want, waste paper towels, and buy meat from corporations that keep pigs in excrement-coated cages. Berry reminds us that to live this way is to forfeit our souls. It is important—no matter what is going on at a macro level—to be kind to your family, your neighbors and the land."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/urban-reinventions-san-franciscos-treasure-island/">
    <title>Urban Reinventions: San Francisco’s Treasure Island – UH Press</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-22T20:51:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://uhpress.hawaii.edu/title/urban-reinventions-san-franciscos-treasure-island/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["When it was built in 1937, Treasure Island was considered to be one of the largest man-made islands in the world. Located in the middle of San Francisco Bay, the 400-acre island was constructed out of dredged bay mud in a remarkable feat of Depression-era civil engineering by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Its alluring name is an allusion to the fabled remnants of the California Gold Rush found in the ocean sediment that formed the island.

This collection of essays tells the story of San Francisco’s Treasure Island—an artificial, disconnected island that has paradoxically been central to the city’s urban ambitions. Conceived as a site for San Francisco’s first airport in an age of automobile and air transport, Treasure Island hosted the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) in 1939 and 1940, celebrating the completion of the Golden Gate and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridges. With particular focus on Asia and Latin America, the GGIE promoted peace, harmony, and commerce in the Pacific. Treasure Island’s planned use as an airport was scuttled when World War II abruptly reversed the exposition’s message of Pacific unity, and the US government developed Treasure Island and the adjacent Yerba Buena Island into a naval training and transfer station, which processed 4,500,000 military personnel on their way to the Pacific theater.

In the midst of a twenty-first-century high-tech boom and in one of the most expensive real-estate markets in the world, the city of San Francisco and its developers have proposed an ambitious model of military base reuse and green urbanism—a new eco-city of about 19,000 residents on Treasure Island and Yerba Buena Island. The project is synonymous with a growing global trend toward large-scale, capital-intensive land developments envisioned around ideas of sustainability and spectacular place making. Seen against the successive history of development, future visions for Treasure Island are part of a process of building and erasure that Horiuchi and Sankalia call urban reinventions. This is a process of radical change in which artificial, detached, and delimited sites such as Treasure Island provide an ideal plane for tabula rasa planning driven by property, capital, and state control.

With essays by contributors well known for their interdisciplinary work, Urban Reinventions demonstrates how a single site may be interpreted in multiple ways: as an artificial island, world’s fair site, military installation, a semi-derelict relic of past lives, a toxic site of nuclear waste, and a future eco-city and major real estate development. The volume offers a wide spectrum of critiques of race, imperialism, gendered Orientalism, military land use, property capital exchange, new eco-cities, sustainability, and waste as a byproduct of development.

The book will be of interest to general readers as well as teachers, scholars, and practitioners in the fields of geography, architecture, city planning, urban design, history, environmental studies, American studies, Asian studies, and military history, among others.

Lynne Horiuchi and Tanu Sankalia have organized a fascinating collection of essays, many of them by prominent scholars, on the complex multi-layered history of Treasure Island, a man-made island in the middle of San Francisco Bay that has been reinvented in radically different ways over time. Essays look at the history of the island from multiple perspectives that go beyond simple observation and description. Although the island is small, its history provides a context for discussing issues of broader concern locally and globally: colonialism, racism, sustainability, symbolism and meaning, reinvention of urban space, and more.
—Michael Southworth, University of California, Berkeley"

[See also:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv105b9k8

"1. Urban Reinventions
LYNNE HORIUCHI and TANU SANKALIA
Flat and rectangular, Treasure Island is a contained mass of landfill surrounded by water. It looks like a floating platform from which you can gaze out, 360 degrees, and take in spectacular views of the varied geography that forms the San Francisco Bay Area (Figure 1.1). The island is so low lying that it feels as though you can almost touch the cold waters that steadily lap its well-defined edges. On some days, the island is cloaked in fog and on others bathed in sun; yet you can always feel the brisk, chilling, ocean winds that unforgivingly sweep the island...

2. The Island at the Center of the Bay
RICHARD A. WALKER
In The Island at the Center of the World, Peter Shorto (2004) recovers the forgotten origins of New York, the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam that occupied Manhattan Island in the first half of the seventeenth century. His argument that the past still resonates today is music to the ears of any historian. More than that, it speaks to the geographer, for whom the distinctiveness of place is fundamental, as is the way every locale is connected to the wider world. How surprising what an unprepossessing little island can portend! As everyone knows, New York went on to become the...

Part I Treasure Island, an Airport, and the Golden Gate International Exposition

3. How to Celebrate a Bridge
ANDREW M. SHANKEN
Treasure Island, that artificial island built on the shoals of Yerba Buena Island, is now a minor curiosity of windswept fields, aging housing, and an odd hodgepodge of postmilitary institutions. But in its day it ranked among the visionary projects that aimed to transform San Francisco into a metropolitan area that could compete with Los Angeles. The largest human-made island in the world when it was completed, it took its place among the most ambitious public works projects in the nation. In the mid-1930s, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge (1933–1936), or SFOBB, and the Golden Gate Bridge (1933–...

4. Visions of Progress and Peace: Foreign Architectural Representations at the Century of Progress and Golden Gate International Expositions
LISA D. SCHRENK
The 1930s was the most active era of American world expositions.¹ Within a span of only five years, six major fairs, including the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) on Treasure Island, were held in the United States.² All were attempting to emulate the economic success of the 1933–1934 World’s Fair in Chicago. Held at the nadir of the Great Depression, A Century of Progress looked to American corporations to fill a gap left by foreign countries, which, facing economic difficulties of their own, had in many cases declined to sponsor individual buildings. As at Chicago, large, modern corporate pavilions...

5. A Local Global Utopia: The Japan Pavilion at the Golden Gate International Exposition
LYNNE HORIUCHI
A 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition brochure and visitor’s guide, titled The Japan Pavilion Welcomes World Visitors, described the pavilion and its site to visitors in the romantic and overheated style of exposition rhetoric:

Amidst an exotic Japanese setting of terraced gardens, with plants and shrubbery and many varieties of trees that shade the placid lagoons, Japan Pavilion, an original combination of the architecture of a Feudal Castle and a Samurai house of the 17th Century, stands in majestic splendor as one of the finest and most interesting sights of the Golden Gate International Exposition at Treasure Island. (1)

Part II Naval Station Treasure Island and Military Occupation

6. Trial by the Bay: Treasure Island and Segregation in the Navy’s Lake
JAVIER ARBONA
During the months of September and October 1944, Admiral C. H. Wright, commandant of the Twelfth Naval District, placed fifty black sailors on trial for mutiny at the Treasure Island US Naval Training and Distribution Center. Although this event is largely forgotten or its location confused, the Treasure Island naval base served as a setting where the Navy asserted its power to maintain Jim Crow segregation—frequently misunderstood as a Southern system alone—at the same time that the United States and its allies battled totalitarianism abroad.

The fifty men were survivors of a catastrophic munitions detonation at the Port...

7. Pandemonium on the Bay: Naval Station Treasure Island and the Toxic Legacies of Atomic Defense
LINDSEY DILLON
A man steps into his white, rubber-lined body suit, zipping it up to his chin. He pulls a protective hood over his head and tightens it against the straps of his gas mask. It is 1968. Flower children gather in San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district, and an office-building boom shoots up skyscrapers in the financial district downtown. Across the Bay in Oakland, Huey Newton is convicted of manslaughter and J. Edgar Hoover declares the Black Panther Party “the greatest threat to the internal security of the country.” Thousands of soldiers, headed for Vietnam, pass through the gates of Naval Station Treasure...

8. Visions for Reuse: The Legacy of the Bay Area’s Military Installations
(pp. 159-183)
MARK L. GILLEM
As a cool bay breeze swept across Treasure Island, forgotten aluminum cans rattled against a chain link fence. Regularly spaced along the fence were warning signs painted with the universal yellow background and black icon: a black center circle of the sign at the focal point of three black pie-shaped wedges whose wider ends implied the circumference of an outer circle. From Chernobyl to Treasure Island, the frighteningly familiar sign warned of radioactive danger lurking in the background. For Treasure Island, the radioactive waste is just part of the slowly decaying history of the US military’s presence on the island...

Part III The Treasure Island–Yerba Buena Island Development Project

9. Visions of an Island Ecotopia
TANU SANKALIA
On June 7, 2011, the City and County of San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a new redevelopment project for Treasure Island (TI) and Yerba Buena Island (YBI) (SFBOS 2011).¹ The news of the approval was welcomed in the local press (Kane 2011), possibly foreshadowing a fourth reinvention of the island following its previous three avatars as airport site, fairground, and naval base. The timing of the approval was contemporaneous with a steadily growing heated public debate surrounding housing demand in San Francisco—a good reason for why the project was approved—and meant that Treasure Island and Yerba Buena...

10. Magic City 2.0: Articulations of Soil, Law, and Capital on Treasure Island
JOHN STEHLIN
Few landscapes are as obviously constructed as Treasure Island, a stretched octagon of landfill jutting awkwardly out from Yerba Buena Island in the middle of the San Francisco Bay. The island is constructed in a dual sense, however, as a technical object in continual flux and as a political mirror for San Francisco’s developmental ambitions. The most recent plan echoes an increasingly dominant commonsense regarding sustainable urbanism, calling for a futuristic, carbon-neutral eco-city of nineteen thousand new residents (see Sankalia, this volume). Its signature feature is the construction of a dense, walkable urban form connected by frequent ferry to San...

11. Groundwork: (De)Touring Treasure Island’s Toxic History
C. GREIG CRYSLER
As is the case with many feats of engineering, Treasure Island is often described through the scale of the technical achievements involved in producing it. The island was created from below the waters of the bay using industrial dredging techniques, a spectacle of production that formed a complementary narrative to the completion of the two bridges nearby. Both used the latest in engineering to cross between land; here dredging was used to produce an exploitable terrain. The process of forming Treasure Island’s four-hundred-acre surface took more than eighteen months. Twenty-five million cubic yards of fill was mechanically sucked and clawed..."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://thedigradio.com/podcast/democratic-dealignment-w-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor/">
    <title>Democratic Dealignment with Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor · The Dig</title>
    <dc:date>2024-11-23T18:27:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thedigradio.com/podcast/democratic-dealignment-w-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Featuring Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor on Trump’s decisive victory, Harris’s catastrophic loss, multi-racial working-class dealignment, and where the left might go from here."

[See also:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/democratic-dealignment-w-keeanga-yamahtta-taylor/id1043245989?i=1000676321849 ]]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pke3OnztBi8">
    <title>Automation &amp; The Future of Subways - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-11-16T23:11:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pke3OnztBi8</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As more and more automotive companies start to develop driverless technology for their cars, automated trains might already be the real future of automated transportation. Let's take a closer look at this decades-old transformative technology."]]></description>
<dc:subject>rmtransit mobility automation publictransit transportation transit 2024 avs robotaxis trains maintenance emissions efficiency cities urban urbandesign planning urbanplanning urbanism walking bikes biking landuse weather climate airports rail railways automatedtransit subways syndey paris copenhagen nyc sanfranciso montreal dallas atlanta hyperloop affordability space london dlr technology osaka railsystems railnetworks toronto lyon vancouver barcelona singapore buses britishcolumbia roads highways freeways kualalumpur doha rennes</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2022/1/13/american-suburbs-are-a-horror-movie-and-were-the-protagonists">
    <title>American Suburbs Are a Horror Movie and We’re the Protagonists</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-27T23:27:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2022/1/13/american-suburbs-are-a-horror-movie-and-were-the-protagonists</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>suburbs suburbia us shinashayesteh 2022 architecture photography development walking disability disabilities isolation uncanniness uncertainty parking cars neighborhoods health community communities business environment walkability mobility urbanplanning planning landscape stroads well-being austin bancars wellbeing</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.hamiltonnolan.com/p/cars-have-fucked-up-this-country">
    <title>Cars Have Fucked Up This Country Bad - by Hamilton Nolan</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-11T00:53:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.hamiltonnolan.com/p/cars-have-fucked-up-this-country</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["There is much beauty in America. Yet, on average, America is an ugly country. The median American scene, the one that illustrates the most typical view of the most typical place, would be an exhaust-choked roadway flanked on both sides by fast food restaurants and big box stores. This is what we have done with our purple mountains, majesty, from sea to shining sea.

The culprit is the car. More specifically, the culprit is America’s decision to design our cities around the car. Predicting the future is almost impossible, but one of the few predictions that I feel very confident in is that, a century or so down the road, people will look at modern car-centric America with the same disgust that we feel when we hear about old timey cities without modern sewage systems, where everyone just dumped their chamber pots in the street. “Whoa, that’s fucked up!” people will marvel from their quiet, pedestrianized cities of the future. “They couldn’t walk anywhere.”

America’s collective decision in the 20th century to make cars and the roads serving them the bedrock of all urban and regional planning will go down in history as just another of our nation’s awful, ruinous ideas that we nevertheless clung to for generations, like slavery or lead paint. Cars, of course, have a way of making themselves very hard to progress away from. Once you build the towns and cities around the road patterns for cars, and allow the interstate highway system to determine development patterns, the entire system gets locked in in a way that is difficult to change. Even as ever-widening highways and air pollution and the immense parking lots destroy ever larger swaths of peace and scenery, they also represent ever larger sunk costs from consumers and governments, which make everyone more reluctant to try to break away from them.

New cars spawn new roads. New roads spawn new sprawl. It all spawns new debts. To admit that this entire thing was a mistake involves surveying our suburban homes, our paved driveways, our SUVs, our shopping centers, our entire beloved home towns, and saying: Okay, this has all gotten out of control. As all addicts know, this piercing self-criticism can be more difficult than just continuing doing something that is unhealthy, but familiar.

Tennessee Williams famously said “America has only three cities: New York, San Francisco, and New Orleans. Everywhere else is Cleveland.” I might toss in Chicago and Philly, but the observation still holds true today—except that now, everywhere else is Denton, Texas, or The Shitty Sprawl Outside of Tampa. It is no coincidence that the real cities in America are those that developed enough before the rise of cars that they could not be totally destroyed by the Highway Cloverleaf Era. Robert Moses did his best to fuck up NYC, and New Orleans got I-10 bulldozed straight through it, but both had enough urban character already in place to survive. Not so for most places. Americans unlucky enough to grow up in more recently built towns and exurbs are stuck having their entire lives defined by the spatial needs of cars. Their neighborhood density is low, their mobility options are limited, and the most urban-esque experience they ever get growing up might be playing with friends on the pavement of a suburban cul-de-sac. Never will they “walk” to a “corner store.” Always will they drive to a Target. If there were ever any beautiful nature along the way, now there is only highway and billboards and shredded semi truck tires on the side of the road. Sad.

Since Jane Jacobs, urbanists and regular city residents alike have had the strong intuition that building more roads to fit more cars into cities is a fundamentally stupid thing. Engineers have long known that widening highways does not fix traffic gridlock, but that has not stopped states from spending billions of dollars to build more and more lanes, until huge swaths of LA and Houston and Atlanta resemble dystopican concrete car rivers more than cities where humans might live. A new study in the Journal of the American Planning Association provides the best estimate yet of just how much space we have ceded to roads in our cities. “ We found that a little less than a quarter of urbanized land—roughly the size of West Virginia—was dedicated to roadway. This land was worth around $4.1 trillion in 2016 and had an annualized value that was higher than the total variable costs of the trucking sector and the total annual federal, state, and local expenditures on roadways,” the study found. In an example of the sort of dry wit that you might not expect from the Journal of the American Planning Association, the authors added, “Conducting a back-of-the-envelope cost–benefit analysis, we found that the country likely has too much land dedicated to urban roads.”

In fact, the study calculates that “the average cost of expanding roadways exceeded the benefits by a factor of nearly three when accounting for land value.” This observation gets to the heart of the most common-sense objection to the way that we allow roads to dictate urban development: the more space that we dedicate to getting there, the less space there is for where you are trying to get. To see a city choked by busy roads is to witness a manifestation of missing the point. Roads are barren, inhospitable landscapes whose only redeeming value is allowing us to reach somewhere much more pleasant than the road itself. When roads come to dominate the non-road area of a city, you have, by definition, built too much road. It is like building a staircase that takes up the entire first floor of a two-story house. You have left yourself nowhere to live.

This grotesque pattern of development rests upon a wild overvaluation of “how long it takes to drive somewhere” and an accompanying undervaluation of “all quality of life categories apart from driving time.” Unfortunately, the path out of our predicament is a long one. Ripping ill-advised existing highways out of cities is a great idea, but it will be most helpful only in cities that were well developed before the highway existed. The situation of the millions of Americans who live in newer sprawl-based towns and suburbs whose entire design is based on the idea that you will drive anywhere any time you want to do anything is more grim. These are the places where the handful of impoverished car-less citizens are forced to pedal bikes on the unprotected shoulders of roads like suicidal hobos. To suggest that these places should stop being car-centric is to suggest that they should probably just be bulldozed down to the dirt and rebuilt as civilized compact urban areas suitable for mass transit. I don’t expect that will happen any time soon. But it wouldn’t be a bad idea.

Instead, I expect that America will undergo a long process, lasting much longer than my own lifetime, in which cities that are not built around cars will gradually expand and attract an ever-increasing share of the population, and the most thinly populated car-centric places will gradually decline in value, because they are just not nice places to live. Medium sized cities in places like the Sunbelt that experience a lot of growth due to affordable housing prices or economic booms will, at some point, reach levels of density that make car-centric planning so clearly insane that even the most truck-loving state and local governments will be dragged into the age of mass transit, by necessity. This is one of those areas where you can be pretty certain that a better future will arrive purely because the logic of it is unavoidable. And you can be equally certain that the path to getting there will be longer and more excruciating than it should be, because here in America, we will stubbornly cling to our outmoded, counterproductive, discredited ideas longer than anyone.

We’re number one!"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://mtc.ca.gov/">
    <title>Metropolitan Transportation Commission | MTC is the transportation planning, financing and coordinating agency for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area.</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-08T02:09:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://mtc.ca.gov/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["MTC is the transportation planning, financing and coordinating agency for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area."

...

"What Is MTC?

MTC was created by the California Legislature in 1970 to plan, finance and coordinate the Bay Area’s transportation system. The Commission's scope over the years has expanded to address other regional issues, including housing and development.

The Bay Area is home to 101 cities and nine counties, each with its own transportation and housing needs.

MTC provides planning, funding, coordination and technical assistance to cities, counties, transit agencies and other partners to bring the region together — to make life better for residents and make the Bay Area’s transportation system more resilient to future challenges.

Learn more about the agency’s history and the Equity Platform that guides MTC’s work.

MTC History

Originally created to plan for the Bay Area’s expanding transportation network, MTC has evolved to take on additional responsibilities and to ensure transportation investments work closely with housing and development.

Equity Platform

Equity means just inclusion into a Bay Area where everyone can participate, prosper and reach their full potential. Equity is one of MTC’s guiding values, and the work is ongoing."]]></description>
<dc:subject>sanfrancisco bayarea transportation transit publictransit planning</dc:subject>
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    <title>Control Everything: On Hartmut Rosa’s “The Uncontrollability of the World” | Los Angeles Review of Books</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-02T06:48:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/control-everything-on-hartmut-rosas-the-uncontrollability-of-the-world/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["LAST SPRING, SOME PUBLISHING HOUSES began asking authors of soon-to-be-published books to add prefaces, scattered tidbits, or even entire chapters relating their work to COVID-19 and/or racial issues. For most, including myself, this was a big stretch, but we tried. Hartmut Rosa either was never asked or did not agree. There is not a single reference to “virus,” “pandemic,” “race,” or any other “2020-was-the-worst-year-ever” topic in his new book. When it comes to analyzing the concrete effects of capitalism, modernity, and social acceleration, Rosa’s work in general is extremely insightful, so it would be inaccurate to say that his latest book is “timelier than ever.” We might, however, say that our experiences over the two years or so put us in a better position to appreciate what Rosa has to offer. Perhaps we now have a more palatable feeling of acceleration, uncontrollability, and the need for resonance.

Rosa’s topic is Unverfügbarkeit, normally translated as “unpredictability.” After abandoning that term and trying a few others, including “non-availability” and “non-engineerability,” Rosa and his excellent translator James Wagner settled on “uncontrollability.” The book is then about “modernity’s incessant desire to make the world engineerable, predictable, available, accessible, disposable (i.e. verfügbar) in all its aspects.” Uncontrollability, coupled with “dynamic stabilization” — that is, the notion that social systems today can only remain stable through constant growth — characterizes what Rosa means by “modernity.”

Growth means continual expansion of humanity’s reach. We want more of everything, and we want to control it all. Rosa delineates four dimensions of control: rendering things visible, reachable, manageable, and useful. From nature and time to our own sleep habits and step counts, we must know, master, conquer, or make useful whatever we can. The world, and even our own bodies, then, become points of aggression — their Unverfügbarkeit aggravates us. The result is, curiously enough, a “paradoxical flipside” where the world mysteriously withdraws.

Rosa begins the book with a short discussion of snow: “Do you still remember the first snowfall on a late autumn or winter day, when you were a child? […] An unexpected gift.” If we reflect honestly on Rosa’s description, we find that life includes less and less “unexpected gifts,” and that the world is steadily withdrawing. We are increasingly alienated. “Alienation denotes a relation of relationlessness in which subject and world find themselves inwardly unconnected from, indifferent toward, and even hostile to each other.” Although not completely scientifically evidenced (or “controlled”), Rosa’s hypothesis seems more than worth serious consideration: “[T]he fundamental fear of modernity is fear of the world’s falling mute, of which burnout and depression are only a timely (and perhaps heightened) expression.” The way out, and the subject of Rosa’s last book, is resonance.

According to Rosa, resonance involves four characteristics. 1) Something outside of us touches or calls us in some way. This can happen when we look at a painting, or a landscape, or anytime we feel moved. 2) We must then respond by reaching out, by actively engaging with the other. 3) Transformation then occurs. Both ourselves and the other we are responding to are no longer the same. 4) Rosa stresses the need to recognize the “uncontrollability” of what goes on. It “can be neither forced nor prevented with absolute certainty.” It is open-ended, and, despite commodity capitalism, resonance “cannot be accumulated, saved, or instrumentally enhanced.”

Diving into the relationship between resonance and uncontrollability, Rosa presents “five theses on the controllability of things and the uncontrollability of experience.” First, there is no contradiction between the controllability of things and uncontrollability of resonance. Second, things we can completely control “lose their resonant quality.” They must be “semi-controllable.” The third thesis is about the uncontrollability of a thing “speaking” having its own “independent (counter)force.” In other words, it is “more than just contingency.” The fourth is that an “attitude aimed at taking hold of a segment of [the] world, mastering it, and making it controllable is incompatible with an orientation toward resonance.” However, reachability “is not a matter of pure contingency. We can of course try to create the dispositional and situational conditions necessary for us to be capable of being moved.” One major problem with modernity is that it mistakes reachability for controllability. The fifth thesis addresses this issue: “Resonance requires a world that can be reached, not one that can be limitlessly controlled. The confusion between reachability and controllability lies at the root of the muting of the world in modernity.”

The world becomes silent, and we are alienated because of the “modern rejection of the idea that there is anything beyond the control of the subject.” As we seek to control more and more things, they increasingly become points of aggression, and our mastery must be broader. In all life’s major stages, from birth and child-rearing, relationships and careers, to sickness, aging, and even death, there is an “irresolvable tension between our efforts and desire to make things and events predictable, manageable, and controllable and our intuition or longing to simply let ‘life’ happen, to listen to it and then respond to it spontaneously and creatively.”

Institutional dimensions of control propel a new social ethic. In moral and political discussions, we seek a “systematic elimination of all forms of arbitrariness and undue advantage.” Similarly, there must be documentation and transparency across the board. We all feel this in the increasing demand for “reports, proposals, and other documents,” alongside the sharp rise in rating and ranking nearly everything. There can simply be “no space in public and political discourse for the idea — the reality — of uncontrollability in social life.” Someone is always responsible. This logic similarly pervades capitalist arenas where companies regularly “imply, promise, and above all sell controllability.” Thinking this way is a symptom of assuming we can know an object entirely and not respecting the gap between the subject and the world, or subject and object.

Paradoxically, while we seek to control, predict, and evaluate everything, we simultaneously do not want to, and doing so often only makes us feel worse. In addition to alienation and loss of wonderment, Rosa looks at desire. Upon close investigation, we find that we do not want everything to be under our control or in our grasp. Anything from the Super Bowl to love can easily lose its desirability when it is completely controlled, when there is no unpredictability, unavailability, and non-engineerability. We watch sports, love people and animals, travel, read, and do all sorts of other things precisely because we do not know what will happen, what the others will do or think, or how we will change.

In this short book, Rosa argues that we lose touch with the world when we seek to increasingly control it. The world becomes something hostile — something fixed, something heretofore untamed, and, most importantly, something we need to dominate. His solution is to no longer see the world as a point of aggression, but rather allow it to be uncontrollable, and further relate to it with a resonance-based attitude. As he proposes, if we approach the world with expectations to transform and be transformed in unexpected ways, to reach and be co-constitutive with natural and social forces, then we might find more meaning in the world and in ourselves.

One example of this is nature outings. We might go for a hike or spend the day by a lake expecting to be transformed in a certain way. Images on social media, advertisements, and even our own past experiences set us up for mechanical plug-and-play expectations. If I just do exactly what that person did, or if I go on this cruise, or return to that beautiful hike, I should have precisely this or that feeling. And when we do not get or feel what we were promised (or promised ourselves), we instead become more mechanical, and our relationship with the world becomes even more aggressive. We did not imitate well enough, or the world did not do what it was supposed to. Approaching the world with the resonance model means being open to changes and mutual influence that we cannot know ahead of time. We should expect only that our feelings and interactions are unexpected or unpredictable. In this way, our relationship to the world, and ourselves, becomes healthier.

There are two aspects of Rosa’s work where further reflection might shed new light. Firstly, Rosa is heavily influenced by Charles Taylor (who was the subject of his doctoral dissertation), and the high degree of autonomy Taylor calls for in his theories of authenticity. We need to make sure we have our “own voice,” based on what Taylor calls “strong evaluations.” Secondly, the systematic breakdown of our problematic relationship to the world and others is so detailed and so comprehensive that one wonders if there is any real room for Unverfügbarkeit. In terms of thinking about both the self and the theory of Unverfügbarkeit, more appreciation of “uncontrollability” could be incorporated. Nevertheless, The Uncontrollability of the World is excellent.

In recent months, Rosa has participated in a number of discussions and interviews about the pandemic. His attitude might be a bit detached and optimistic for many. Sociologists all over the world are marveling at how governments were able to control social systems long assumed to operate with relative independence. For example, Rosa and others, including Bruno Latour, were amazed at how quickly air travel and retail shops could be shut down. It was long assumed that capitalism would not allow such halts to occur for non-capitalist-based reasons. And many intellectuals are hoping we can now seriously rethink our social and political systems as we set our sights on a post-pandemic world. On this point, Rosa is quite outspoken. Yet The Uncontrollability of the World also achieves a much humbler goal. It brings to bear something that we all know, that has always been under the surface, and is now so overwhelmingly apparent — the world is beyond our control."]]></description>
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    <title>Why We Can’t Build Better Cities (ft.Not Just Bikes) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-02-23T21:19:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lHNkUjR9nM</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["BIBLIOGRAPHY

Esther Addley, “‘This is political expediency’: how the Tories turned on 15-minute cities,” in The Guardian 
Sara Ahmed, The Cultural Politics of Emotion
Bernadette Atuahene, “Predatory Cities,” in California Law Review
Bernadette Atuahene, “The Scandal of the Predatory City,” in The Washington Post
David Banks, The City Authentic
Adam Barnett, Michaele Herrmann, and Christopher Deane, “Revealed: the Science Denial Network Behind Oxford’s ‘Climate Lockdown’ Backlash,” in DeSmog 
BBC News, ‘How 15 Minutes Cities Became a Lockdown Conspiracy’
Judith Butler, Who’s Afraid of Gender?
Alice Capelle, “The Anti 15 Minute City Conspiracy is Ridiculous”
Alice Capelle, “The manosphere meets the climate movement” 
Lisa Chamberlain, “The Surprising Stickiness of the “15 Minute City”,” in World Economic Forum 
Steven Conn, The Lies of the Land: Seeing Rural America for What It Is (And Isn’t)
Samuel R. Delaney, Times Square Red, Times Square Blue
Gareth Fearn et al., “Planning For the Public: Why Labour Should Support A Public Planning System”
Hannah Fry, “A ‘failure to launch’: Why young people are having less sex,” in Los Angeles Times
Edward Glaeser, “The 15-minute city is a dead end - cities must be places of opportunity for everyone” 
David Harvey, “The Art of Rent”
David Harvey, “The Political Economy of Public Spaces”
David Harvey, “The Right to the City”
Tiffany Hsu, “He Wanted to Unclog Cities. Now He’s ‘Public Enemy No. 1.’,” in The New York Times
Frank Laundry, “The USA Will Never Build Walkable Cities”
David Lawler, “A World of Boomtowns,” in Axios
Eisha Maharasingham-Shah and Pierre Vaux, “‘Climate Lockdown’ and the Culture Wars: How COVID-19 Sparked A New Narrative Against Climate Action,” in Institute for Strategic Dialogue
Michael Naas, “Comme si, comme ca” in Derrida From Now On
NotJustBikes, Designing Urban Places that Don’t Suck (A Sense of Place) 
NotJustBikes, How Suburban Development Makes American Cities Poorer 
NotJustBikes, Suburbia is Subsidized: Here’s the Math
NotJustBikes, The Great Places Erased by Suburbia (the Third Place) 
Oh the Urbanity! “15-Minute City Conspiracies Have It Backwards”
Feargus O’Sullivan, “Where the ‘15-Minute City’ Falls Short,” in Bloomberg
Feargus O’Sullivan and Daniel Zuidijk, “The 15 Minute City Freakout is A Case Study in Conspiracy Paranoia,” in Bloomberg 
QAnon Anonymous, “Attending the 15 Minute Cities Oxford Protest with Annie Kelly”
Elliot Sang, “Nowhere To Go: the Loss of the Third Place”
Chris Stanford, “The 15-Minute City: Where Urban Planning Meets Conspiracy Theories,” in The New York Times
Darin Tenev, “La Déconstruction en enfant: the Concept of Phantasm in the Work of Derrida”
Trashfuture, “Cell Block IPA”
Trashfuture, Honk if You’re Honu ft. Dr Gareth Fearn
Joy White, Terraformed: Young Black Lives in the Inner City
Kim Willsher, “Paris Mayor Unveils ‘15-minute city’ plan in re-election campaign,” in The Guardian"]]></description>
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    <title>More Lanes are (Still) a Bad Thing - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-02-04T21:32:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHZwOAIect4</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Script by Nicole Conlan & Jason Slaughter

Thanks to Matthew Krol (Extra Credits), Chuck Marohn (Strong Towns), & Lane Man (Cities by Diana) for quotes

References & Reading

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON INDUCED TRAFFIC
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00166218

What Is Induced Demand?
https://www.planetizen.com/definition/induced-demand

Building Bigger Roads Actually Makes Traffic Worse
https://www.wired.com/2014/06/wuwt-traffic-induced-demand/

INDUCED TRAFFIC AND INDUCED DEMAND
https://nacto.org/docs/usdg/induced_traffic_and_induced_demand_lee.pdf

Highway 401 Expansion
https://www.infrastructureontario.ca/en/what-we-do/projectssearch/highway-401-expansion-project/

Induced Demand: An Urban Metropolitan Perspective
https://escholarship.org/content/qt5pj337gw/qt5pj337gw.pdf

Supply/Demand graph based on SilverStar (CC BY 2.5)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11044484

405 Commutes Now a Minute Worse Than Before Carpool Lane
https://la.curbed.com/2014/10/9/10036932/405-commutes-now-a-minute-worse-than-before-carpool-lane

Houston commute times quickly increasing
https://www.click2houston.com/news/2014/02/04/houston-commute-times-quickly-increasing/

North Houston Highway Improvement Project (NHHIP)
https://www.txdot.gov/nhhip.html

With I-45 construction set to begin in 2024, many facets of the project remain uncertain
https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/transportation/article/i45-meetings-txdot-freeway-rebuild-18507217.php

Rethink35 Austin & Frogger
https://rethink35.org/
https://onelinergames.com/games/i35frogger/webversion/

Lawsuit against TxDOT
https://www.zeffy.com/en-US/fundraising/41a2391b-9075-4700-b504-5c4ce1937e3f

Mr. Biden, Tear Down This Highway
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/09/08/opinion/urban-highways-segregation.html

Braess's paradox - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braess%27s_paradox

The Spring Paradox
Steve Mould
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cg73j3QYRJc

Congestion Decreases When Cities ‘Delete’ Road Lanes
https://cal.streetsblog.org/2022/05/13/three-reasons-why-congestion-decreases-when-cities-delete-road-lanes

Exploring traffic evaporation
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213624X22002085

Traffic Evaporation: What Really Happens When Road Space is Reallocated from Cars?
https://thecityfix.com/blog/traffic-evaporation-what-really-happens-when-road-space-is-reallocated-from-cars/

From Freeways to Waterways: What Los Angeles Can Learn From Seoul
https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/departures/from-freeways-to-waterways-what-los-angeles-can-learn-from-seoul

청계고가, 밤 12시부터 전면 통제, 고가도로 철거 오는 10월 말까지 마무리
https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N0311442270

Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration Project
https://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/cheonggyecheon-stream-restoration-project

WSDOT VS. REALITY, Puget Sound traffic forecasts don't even pass the laugh test.
https://www.sightline.org/2011/07/13/wsdot-vs-reality/

Every traffic projection is wrong
https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2021/09/09/every-traffic-projection-wrong

Traffic Forecasts Ignoring Induced Demand: a Shaky Fundament for Cost-Benefit Analyses
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268293526_Traffic_Forecasts_Ignoring_Induced_Demand_a_Shaky_Fundament_for_Cost-Benefit_Analyses

Traffic volumes declined by 34 percent on SR 520 after deployment of pricing and electronic tolling.
https://www.itskrs.its.dot.gov/2017-b01188

Carmageddon Leaves Los Angeles in Gridlock With I-405 Closing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9r6gGUcAHE0

Downs–Thomson paradox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downs%E2%80%93Thomson_paradox

Do Your Buses Get Stuck in Traffic?
Not Just Bikes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQY6WGOoYis

Effects of upgrading to cycle highways
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692316304008

Bikeability and the induced demand for cycling
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2220515120

Build The Lanes (YouTube)
https://www.youtube.com/@buildthelanes

NACTO Transit Street Design Guide
https://nacto.org/publication/transit-street-design-guide/introduction/why/designing-move-people/

How Arlington Is Avoiding D.C.’s Traffic Nightmare
https://wamu.org/story/13/03/26/how_arlington_is_avoiding_dcs_traffic_nightmare/

ARLINGTON TRAFFIC COUNT DATA
https://www.arlingtonva.us/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/projects/documents/historic-traffic-counts.pdf

How Oslo Achieved Zero Pedestrian and Bicycle Fatalities
https://thecityfix.com/blog/how-oslo-achieved-zero-pedestrian-and-bicycle-fatalities-and-how-others-can-apply-what-worked/

More road tolls set to cordon off Oslo
https://www.newsinenglish.no/2017/06/06/more-road-tolls-set-to-cordon-off-oslo/

This video uses footage licensed by Getty Images"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qP4BMQ1lqo">
    <title>Celebrating the Diversity of Indigenous Homes - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-25T05:14:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qP4BMQ1lqo</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Since the beginning of humanity, Indigenous people have created homes and formed communities; in both the structural, tangible sense of the word, and the warm and fuzzy, emotional sense. Some of those early Indigenous designs continue to serve as inspiration for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous architects as they develop the world’s infrastructure."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/how-to-build-a-happy-life/">
    <title>How to Keep Time - The Atlantic [bookmarking for Season 5, &quot;How to Keep Time&quot; - this podcast covered other topics before that.]</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-23T05:11:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/how-to-build-a-happy-life/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Direct link to Season 5:
https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/how-to-build-a-happy-life/?season=5 ]

"A series exploring our complex relationship with the clock"

...

"About How to Keep Time

On this season of How to Keep Time, co-hosts Becca Rashid and Ian Bogost explore our relationship with time and how to reclaim it. Why is it so important to be productive? Why can it feel like there’s never enough time in a day? Why are so many of us conditioned to believe that being more productive makes us better people?

Produced by Becca Rashid. Co-hosted by Becca Rashid and Ian Bogost. Editing by Jocelyn Frank. Fact-check by Ena Alvarado. Engineering by Rob Smerciak. The executive producer of Audio is Claudine Ebeid; the managing editor of Audio is Andrea Valdez."


[Transcripts:

Episode 1
"How to Keep Time: Try Wasting It
How to Waste Time: Wasting time could be the best way to use it.
In a culture obsessed with productivity, what would it mean to commit to letting it go?"
https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/archive/2023/12/how-to-waste-time/676187/

"Co-hosts Becca Rashid and Ian Bogost explore our relationship with time and how to reclaim it. Why is it so important to be productive? Why can it feel like there’s never enough time in a day? Why are so many of us conditioned to believe that being more productive makes us better people? [includes interview with Oliver Burkeman]"

Episode 2
"How to Keep Time: Look Busy
If time is a luxury, why don’t we flaunt it?"
https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/archive/2023/12/how-to-look-busy/676195/

"Many of us complain about being too busy—and about not having enough time to do the things we really want to do. But has busyness become an excuse for our inability to focus on what matters?

According to Neeru Paharia, a marketing professor at Arizona State University, time is a sort of luxury good—the more of it you have, the more valuable you are. But her research also revealed that, for many Americans, having less time and being busy can be a status symbol for others to notice. And when it comes to the signals we create for ourselves, sociologist Melissa Mazmanian reveals a few myths that may be keeping us from living the lives we want with the meaningful connections we crave."

Episode 3
"How to Leave Work Time at Work: Time to Break Up With Your 9-to-5
Sometimes workplace culture requires you to leave the rest of your life at the door. What if there are better ways to structure time?"
https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/archive/2023/12/how-to-leave-work-time-at-work/676196/

"Before laptops allowed us to take the office home and smartphones could light up with notifications at any hour, work time and “life” time had clearer boundaries. Today, work is not done exclusively in the workplace, and that makes it harder to leave work at work.

Co-hosts Becca Rashid and Ian Bogost examine the habits that shrink our available time, and Ignacio Sánchez Prado, a professor of Latin American Studies at Washington University in St. Louis, offers his reflections on American culture and shares suggestions for how to use the time we do have, for life."

Episode 4
"How to Rest. What Is Rest, Anyway?
There’s a difference between leisure and laziness."
https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/archive/2024/01/how-to-rest/676197/

"Between making time for work, family, friends, exercise, chores, shopping—the list goes on and on—it can feel like a huge accomplishment to just take a few minutes to read a book or watch TV before bed. All that busyness can lead to poor sleep quality when we finally do get to put our head down.

How does our relationship with rest affect our ability to gain real benefits from it? And how can we use our free time to rest in a culture that often moralizes rest as laziness? Alex Soojung-Kim Pang, the author of several books on rest and director of global programs at 4 Day Week Global, explains what rest is and how anyone can start doing it more effectively."

Episode 5
"Time-Management Tips From the Universe
It could help to examine the cosmos."
https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/archive/2024/01/time-management-tips-from-the-universe/676199/ 

"Time can feel like a subjective experience—different at different points in our lives. It’s also a real, measurable thing. The universe may be too big to fully comprehend, but what we do know could help inform the ways we approach our understanding of ourselves, our purpose, and our time.

Theoretical physicist and black-hole expert Janna Levin explains how the science of time can inspire new thinking and fresh perspectives on a much larger scale."

Episode 6
"Can We Keep Time?
Do photos, social posts, and diaries actually help us remember better?
https://www.theatlantic.com/podcasts/archive/2024/01/can-we-keep-time/676198/

It can be tough to face our own mortality. Keeping diaries, posting to social media, and taking photos are all tools that can help to minimize the discomfort that comes with realizing we have limited time on Earth. But how exactly does documenting our lives impact how we live and remember them?

In this episode, diarist and author Sarah Manguso reflects on the benefits and limitations of keeping track of time, and Charan Ranganath, a professor of psychology and researcher at the UC Davis Center for Neuroscience, discusses what research reveals about how memories work and how we can better keep time."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>time clocks ianbogost beccarashid 2023 2024 podcasts psychology productivity us age aging social rest work busyness control future anxiety idleness oliverburkeman hobbies kieransetiya listening zen mindfulness happiness presence leisure laziness neerupaharia melissamazmanian ignaciosánchezprado waiting slow slowness culture society alexsoojung-kimpang downtime boredom jannalevin patience charanranganath sarahmanguso behavior addiction actions neuroscience mentalhealth luxury scarcity status italy humblebragging thorsteinveblen veblengoods socialmobility diamonds money self-worth self-importance compulsion overscheduling plans planning spontaneity avoidance multitasking taskswitching unschooling schooliness balance presentationofself guilt parenting timemanagement capitalism overwork stress success failure deadlines life living anticipation optimism pleasure satisfaction erinreid west burnout gender eviatarzerubavel mothers benedictinemonks monks spirituality industrialrevolution freetime scheduling calenda</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57hqmqyQfdk">
    <title>RESONANCE AND ALIENATION. TWO MODES OF EXPERIENCING TIME? - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-10T07:07:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57hqmqyQfdk</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["By Hartmut Rosa for TimeWorld 2019, the International congress on Time.
https://timeworldevent.com/1/accueil/

Hartmut Rosa is Professor of Sociology and Social Theory at Friedrich-Schiller-University in Jena, Germany, and Director of the Max-Weber-Kolleg at the University of Erfurt. He is also Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology at the New School for Social Research in New York. In 1997, he received his doctorate in political science from Berlin's Humboldt University. He subsequently held several professorships at the Universities of Mannheim, Jena, Augsburg and Essen, and was Vice-Chairman and Secretary General of the COCTA (Commitee of Conceptual and Terminological Analysis) Research Committee 35 of the ISA (International Sociological Association) and one of the directors of the annual International Conference on Philosophy, Research and the Social Sciences in Prague. In 2016, he was a visiting professor at FMSH / EHESS (Fondation Maison des sciences de l'Homme / École des hautes études en sciences sociales) in Paris. He is editor-in-chief of the international journal Time and Society. His publications focus on social acceleration, the resonance and temporal structures of modernity, and the political theory of communitarianism.

Conference: Resonance and alienation. Two ways of experiencing time?
Modern societies are characterized by the fact that they can only function in a dynamic stabilization mode, i.e., they are obliged to constantly grow, accelerate and innovate to maintain their structure and institutional status quo. This mode of stabilization is linked to a particular way of using and experiencing time: it becomes the rarest commodity of all. However, this way of conceptualizing and using time brings with it the risk of a profound form of alienation: social actors lack the capacity to truly "take hold" of time and usefully link their lives to the past and the future. In short, in the age of acceleration, it's becoming increasingly difficult to link the time of our daily lives to the time of our biographical lives and to the time of the historical epoch in which we live.On the other hand, if we operate in a mode of resonance, which has also become a central modern aspiration, the experience of time changes fundamentally in character: resonance is a mode of relating to the world of things, people, self and life as a totality in which a transformative appropriation of time is possible. Its characteristic feature is a living "link" between past, present and future, an opening of the temporal horizon and an immersion in time that contrasts sharply with the mercantile stance. We might well ask, then, whether alienation and resonance have become two alternative ways of relating to and perceiving time?

TimeWorld will display aspects of time from different perspectives, from theory to fact and from the past to the future. Challenging questions will be discussed by industrial actors, researchers and the general public. Everyone’s expertise will help solve a complex situation and solutions will merge in order to find new ideas and create new projects. More than inviting people to think together, TimeWorld is also the opportunity to participate in contests, workshops, playful scientific and artistic activities and exceptional shows.

Soutenir Ideas in Science, c’est se soucier des autres ! C'est prendre part à la construction d’une mémoire de savoirs en science, multiculturelle et accessible sans contrepartie. Par science, entendez mathématiques, physique, chimie, biologie, neurosciences, géologie, paléontologie, aéronautique, exploration spatiale... mais aussi sociologie, psychologie, philosophie des sciences, histoire des sciences et éthique.  

Parce qu'Ideas in Science ne se construira qu'avec vous... C'est un immense merci que nous vous adressons pour vos dons ! https://ideasinscience.org/fr/ "]]></description>
<dc:subject>time resonance alienation experience hartmutrosa 2019 socialacceleration acceleration via:daniellucas heidegger aggression temporality temporalconsciousness consciousness life living contemporaries contemporality biography perspective being planning situated linearity history epochs flexibility adaptability past present future identity philosophy psychology society institutions culture growth technology capitalism latecapitalism economics slow speed socialchange competition optimization productivity work labor rush hustle progress depression burnout power control canon vibrance families relationships presence small alinear linear running calm calming clocks synchronicity bodies sleep attention place latestagecapitalism nonlinear</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://the-santiago-boys.com/">
    <title>The Santiago Boys</title>
    <dc:date>2023-07-28T05:17:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://the-santiago-boys.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A wild tale of how Allende's engineers and a British management consultant dared challenge corporations and spy agencies - and almost won. Written and presented by Evgeny Morozov. For media inquiries, email info@the-santiago-boys.com."

...

"THE SANTIAGO BOYS
THE TECH WORLD THAT MAY HAVE BEEN

"As gripping as a Netflix thriller... Perhaps the most important political thriller of the last years...from one of the most important and critical theorists of digitalization..." --Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (Germany)

"Particularly attentive to the hidden, secret, and violent uses of technology... - the so-called Dark Tech." --La Lettura / Corriere della Sera (Italy)

"A rich podcast... a beautiful and important production that first and foremost shows how thoroughly political technology is..." --De Correspondent (Netherlands)

"Very, very good. Extremely relevant. Not a mere podcast...but a huge universe. If you are interested in technology, history, and politics, it's a must-hear" --Deutschlandfunk (German public radio)

***

The Santiago Boys is a nine-part podcast about a group of radical utopians around Salvador Allende, Chile's socialist president. Undeterred by the Cold War and machinations of their enemies and aided by an eccentric British consultant, they try to wrestle control over technology from multinationals and intelligence agencies and use it to create a more egalitarian economy. As their dream gets crushed by Pinochet's bloody coup, the Santiago Boys find an unexpected afterlife - and in Silicon Valley of all places."

[trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eka7wHag_ys ]

This project has been two years in the making and involved more than two hundred interviews and countless hours spent poring over historical documents. Given the immense importance of the topic - especially in light of our own contemporary struggles with and against Big Tech - we've decided to preserve the fruits of our research in the form of a website containing transcripts of the interviews that we conducted as well as pointers to readings, videos, and other historical materials that might enhance the listening experience. 

The podcast was written, researched, produced, and presented by Evgeny Morozov. It's a collaboration of Chora Media and Post-Utopia. 

Listen to the main music theme of The Santiago Boys composed by Luca Micheli."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://social.ayjay.org/2023/03/15/heres-another-one.html">
    <title>· Alan Jacobs</title>
    <dc:date>2023-03-20T07:32:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://social.ayjay.org/2023/03/15/heres-another-one.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Here’s another one of my little experiments in sharing ideas: Paul Kingsnorth recently published an essay and I annotated it. [link: https://social.ayjay.org/uploads/2023/90c73d25f1.pdf ]"

[original is here:
https://unherd.com/2023/02/who-will-stand-against-progress/

"The work of what we have come to call Progress is the work of homogenising the world. I capitalise the word because Progress is an ideology — even a metaphysics — and if we want to understand it we need to grasp its foundational assumptions. We are trained from birth to see the living world and its people as a matrix of interchangeable parts, all of them potentially for sale. Our bodies, our nations, our forests, our heritage: Progress will not stop until everything is measured, commercialised, commodified, altered at the genetic level, put up for sale, forced into “equitable” relationships with everything else, or otherwise flattened and sold.

The religion of Progress is leading us into the flames, as Teddy saw so many decades back. Those of us who feel this way need to have the confidence to say to: to denounce the religion of the age, to dissect it, to make claims against it. Those of us who seek to resist the emerging Total System, or simply to give it the slip, need an alternative worldview: something to stand for, and stand upon. Not an ideology, mind, and certainly not a blueprint for utopia. That’s what got us into this mess in the first place. No, what we need is something more old-fashioned: a stance. Even a politics. But what should it look like?

In a way, it seems like a superfluous question. After all, modernity has been the age of revolutions, and we have ideologies coming out of our ears. The last century has been an inferno of competing ideals on Left and Right and elsewhere, all offering a better world. But none of them, in my opinion, has challenged what Mary Harrington has usefully called “Progress Theology” at its root. They have just taken different paths towards it.

Various strands of socialism and communism, for example, have been pursued for nearly two centuries in the cause of abolishing or taming the monster of global capitalism. Some were beneficent, some were tyrannical, but none challenged the core values of Progress: all were centralised, statist, in love with technology’s promise and had their own idealist, rationalised notions of how humanity should remake Eden. Anarchism has lurked perpetually on the sidelines, but it’s barely been able to organise a meeting, let alone a revolution. The greens have been absorbed by the technosphere. Meanwhile fascism, National Socialism and their various cousins on the hard Right are infested with power-worship, a love of straight lines and marching columns, and an explicit call to impose the will of the strong on the unwilling bodies of the weak."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/know-your-enemy-on-barbara-ehrenreich">
    <title>Know Your Enemy: On Barbara Ehrenreich, with Alex Press and Gabriel Winant - Dissent Magazine</title>
    <dc:date>2023-02-13T15:06:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/know-your-enemy-on-barbara-ehrenreich</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[also here:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/on-barbara-ehrenreich-w-alex-press-gabriel-winant/id1462703434?i=1000579235168 ]

"Barbara Ehrenreich was an essential guide to the inner life of American class conflict.

When Barbara Ehrenreich died on September 1, Matt and Sam felt an urge to honor her memory and the profound influence she has had on the American left, socialism, feminism, and our collective thinking about class struggle. From her work in the women’s health movement of the 1960s and her theorizing (with ex-husband John Ehrenreich) of the “professional-managerial class” in the 1970s to her explorations of Reagan-era yuppie pathologies and her renowned exposé of low-wage work in 2001’s Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich has been an essential and nuanced guide to the inner life of American class conflict in the latter half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first.

To undertake this journey through an extraordinary body of work, we’re joined by two brilliant writers who have both taken up Ehrenreich’s profound ethical and intellectual challenge: Alex Press, staff writer at Jacobin, and returning guest Gabriel Winant, University of Chicago historian and author of The Next Shift: The Fall of Industry and the Rise of Health Care.

As Winant wrote in his stunning obituary last week, “Ehrenreich’s specialty was to reveal her readers to themselves by showing them the other. Her humor and projection of personal vulnerability were particularly deft techniques for asking the reader to see their own position, often through identification with Ehrenreich: she invites this, beckoning you to follow her into her subject, and then suddenly wheels around on you—and you are caught out.”

Sources and further reading:

Barbara and John Ehrenreich, The Professional-Managerial Class, Radical America (1977)
https://files.libcom.org/files/Rad%20America%20V11%20I2.pdf

The New Left and the Professional Managerial Class, Radical America (1977)
https://files.libcom.org/files/Rad%20America%20V11%20I3.pdf

Death of a Yuppie Dream, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung (2013)
https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/sonst_publikationen/ehrenreich_death_of_a_yuppie_dream90.pdf

Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English, Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers, The Feminist Press (1973)
https://www.feministpress.org/books-n-z/witches-midwives-nurses-second-edition

Barbara Ehrenreich, Fear of Falling: The Inner Life of the Middle Class, Pantheon (1989)
https://www.twelvebooks.com/titles/barbara-ehrenreich/fear-of-falling/9781455543748/

Barbara Ehrenreich, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America, Metropolitan (2001)
https://www.thriftbooks.com/w/nickel-and-dimed-on-not-getting-by-in-america-by-barbara-ehrenreich/245724/#edition=1777886&idiq=1716575

“Preface to Klaus Theweleit’s Male Fantasies Volume 1: Women, Floods, Bodies, History,” University of Minnesota Press (1987)

Gabriel Winant, On Barbara Ehrenreich, n+1
https://www.nplusonemag.com/issue-44/dead-people-rule/you-dont-want-to-know-this/

Professional-Managerial Chasm, n+1
https://www.nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/professional-managerial-chasm/

The Right Kind of Worker, Know Your Enemy
https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/know-your-enemy-the-right-kind-of-worker-with-gabriel-winant

Alex Press, On the Origins of the Professional-Managerial Class: An Interview with Barbara Ehrenreich, Dissent
https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/on-the-origins-of-the-professional-managerial-class-an-interview-with-barbara-ehrenreich

David Rieff, White Bread, White Dread (review of Fear of Falling), LA Times (1989)
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-08-20-bk-1321-story.html "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGkWO0SN06c">
    <title>Cities After... Andrés Arauz on the Legacy of Economic Shock Therapy - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-08-21T01:14:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGkWO0SN06c</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["[S01 E14] In this episode, Prof. Robles-Duran is joined by Andres Arauz, arguably, one of the most influential and intriguing political and economic thinkers of the new Latin-American left. This episode expands on the previous discussion on the contemporary effects of the Latin American economic shock therapy and how it has changed the territorial and political dynamics of the south. Robles-Duran and Arauz explore new progressive directions to counter the most recent privatization policies, and discuss the pandemic and post-pandemic socio-political battles in Latin America."]]></description>
<dc:subject>latinamerica ecuador andrésarauz worldbank imf dollarization decolonization banking finance policy politics development china bolivia chile brazil brasil venezuela argentina us intervention joebiden barackobama neoliberalism economics donaldtrump myanmar afghanistan northkorea monetarypolicy extractivism democracy accountability transparency liberalization shocktherapy shockdoctrine rafaelcorrea privatization naturalresources socialjustice caribbean globalsouth sdrs climatechange specialdrawingrights davidmalpes josephstiglitz kristalinageorgieva media investment colombia debt germany history debtforgiveness debtcancellation socialmovements extraction mining telecommunications electricity water power oil property management imperialism colonialism control constitution planning broadcasters socialism responsibility humanity future utopia buenvivir wellbeing environment sustainability capitalism inequality buildbackbetter growth globalwarming spaceexploration internationalism progressiveinternational solidar</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOCjUccnSFU">
    <title>The Insidious Technocratic Economic Philosophy Adopted By Liberals In The 1970s - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-04-16T20:17:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOCjUccnSFU</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In the 1970s liberals moved away from bold progressive policy ideas. Instead, they focused on efficiency. President Carter is often viewed as a lefty who just couldn't get things done, but he helped solidify the Democratic Party's transition to this technocratic economic philosophy."

...

"Guest: This history of how you know what I'm calling the economic style of reasoning sort of moved into Washington and spread around and took over. But a big part of what I'm also trying to do is show how that had long-term consequences and it had those effects, particularly for democrats. and I think you know some of my original motivation in writing this book was sort of you know being a product of you know coming of age in the 1990s and sort of seeing the constraints on democratic politics. And so I really wanted a way to tie very clearly this historical story to constraints on what politics on the left look like that I think are still, you know, certainly in place in the Obama administration and I think are still there today.

Emma: Absolutely I mean it's you combine despite the changes in aesthetics right of course. and I was young when Obama was first getting elected. It was my first formative political experience. The hope and change thing really got to me. But you look at the actual accomplishments of ACA, Dodd-Frank, etc. they do really do not come close to the ambitions of the policy sets the policy goals of liberals democrats in the 30s and the 70s.

Guest: yeah yeah and part of what I'm trying to argue here is that you know is that what we really had happened was that a particular set of tools for thinking about policy kind of first introduced into washington. and then really spread around became sort of taken for granted and really shaped the kinds of policy options that that we considered in the future. And so you know, when I talk about an economic style of reasoning here I'm talking about sort of a basic econ 101 kind of micro economic reasoning. So thinking about incentives, choice efficiency, you know, trying to promote choice and competition. these sort of very basic ideas. but you know as they became more prominent in policy making what ends up happening is that in some ways they also become sort of a limiting factor and what kinds of policies can be considered. and so policies that were some of the major accomplishments of democrats in the 1960s for example. something like medicare. you know if it had had to try to be passed a couple of decades later when you have institutions like the congressional budget office offering scores on policy that predict their costs. it simply wouldn't have been possible to introduce them in the same way."

[Guest is Elizabeth Popp Berman and book is Thinking like an Economist: How Efficiency Replaced Equality in U.S. Public Policy:


https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691167381/thinking-like-an-economist

"The story of how economic reasoning came to dominate Washington between the 1960s and 1980s—and why it continues to constrain progressive ambitions today

For decades, Democratic politicians have frustrated progressives by tinkering around the margins of policy while shying away from truly ambitious change. What happened to bold political vision on the left, and what shrunk the very horizons of possibility? In Thinking like an Economist, Elizabeth Popp Berman tells the story of how a distinctive way of thinking—an “economic style of reasoning”—became dominant in Washington between the 1960s and the 1980s and how it continues to dramatically narrow debates over public policy today.

Introduced by liberal technocrats who hoped to improve government, this way of thinking was grounded in economics but also transformed law and policy. At its core was an economic understanding of efficiency, and its advocates often found themselves allied with Republicans and in conflict with liberal Democrats who argued for rights, equality, and limits on corporate power. By the Carter administration, economic reasoning had spread throughout government policy and laws affecting poverty, healthcare, antitrust, transportation, and the environment. Fearing waste and overspending, liberals reined in their ambitions for decades to come, even as Reagan and his Republican successors argued for economic efficiency only when it helped their own goals.

A compelling account that illuminates what brought American politics to its current state, Thinking like an Economist also offers critical lessons for the future. With the political left resurgent today, Democrats seem poised to break with the past—but doing so will require abandoning the shibboleth of economic efficiency and successfully advocating new ways of thinking about policy."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://anarchiststudies.noblogs.org/article-a-need-for-more-room-notes-on-colin-wards-ungovernable-urbanism/">
    <title>Article: A Need for More Room. Notes on Colin Ward’s Ungovernable Urbanism – AnarchistStudies.Blog</title>
    <dc:date>2020-10-28T23:55:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://anarchiststudies.noblogs.org/article-a-need-for-more-room-notes-on-colin-wards-ungovernable-urbanism/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“[This article first appeared in March 2020 as ‘Un besoin d’espace. Notes sur l’urbanité ingouvernable de Colin Ward’ as a new postface to the French Edition of Colin Ward’s The Child in The City, L’enfant dans la ville (translated by Léa Nicolas-Teboul), published by Etrerotopia France. You can read an interview on Freedom News between Alessio Kolioulis and Jim Donaghey about the new publication, Ward’s influences, his own subsequent scholarly and professional impact, and Ward’s reception beyond the UK.] 

The Child in the City [CiC] is a book about education and planning, two of Colin Ward’s lifelong interests. As examined in the book, these two fields of politics indicate the range of terrains where planners and teachers should rethink the relationship between children, young people and the society in which they grow.

In particular, the book has the merit of exploring the social and spatial constellation between a child’s home and the school. The street, a bridge between the bedroom and the classroom, is an extension of both places, especially for children with little privacy or no garden at home, and for those adapting to overcrowded classrooms. Obviously, Ward was uninterested in issues related to overpopulation, a discourse that has gained some attention in the current climate crisis. For him, the need for adequate houses and schools was a reflection of the quality of educational systems at a time of rapid urbanisation. These aspects remain critical, and some of the challenges that educators and planners face today are the same as those identified in CiC.

The Child in the City, published in 1978, appeared after Housing: An Anarchist Approach (1976)[1] and before Arcadia for All: The Legacy of a Makeshift Landscape (1984).[2] As a planner with a background in architecture and as a researcher investigating British cities in the post-war period, Ward is profoundly inspired by the action-research of the Garden City Movement founded by Ebenezer Howard, the same movement that gave birth to the Town and Planning Association, where he worked at the time of writing CiC.[3]

Being an unorthodox anarchist operating in institutional settings enabled Ward to become a vocal public figure. He collaborated with national and multinational organisations such as The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). These collaborations suggest a strategical belief in the institutionalisation of anarchism and its ideas. Ward was an advocate of the expansion of community and cooperative practices in the planning process. By trying to find a bridge between these spaces, Ward’s intervention in the development discourse of the late decolonial process of the 1970s was aimed at shifting institutional practices in a positive, but more-often-than-not difficult, dialogue with policy makers, prompting change through political education. The question of the role of education permeates Ward’s politics, and, in turn, its urban dimension.

Ward, who had expansive interests encompassing education, planning, architecture and politics, was often invited to give lectures, predominantly in anglophone countries, and he regularly attended conferences and events organised by progressive education groups. A fundamental collection that demonstrates Ward’s passion for renewed political education is the valuable Talking Schools.[4] Published by Freedom Press, the notable publisher for which Ward worked as editor of Anarchy, and which continues to operate in East London, the book collects ten lectures addressing teachers and educators, and is a noteworthy resource for those wanting to dig deeper into the issues raised in CiC.



In one of these lessons, Ward stressed that while writing CiC he was not interested in childhood, but in the politics of “land-use conflict”.[5] With this expression, Ward refers to the wide array of contested spaces that compose the city. The child can be at conflict with a city that systematically rejects the dreams and imaginations of those growing up in them.

On this point – the conflicts of and for urban space – Ward’s thinking was significantly influenced by Paul Goodman, another anarchist, and Goodman’s masterwork Growing Up Absurd directly and positively influenced CiC. Goodman was a New York-based writer, journalist and psychotherapist as well as a ferocious critic of the organised moral corruption at the heart of the “will to govern”. With his brother Percival, an architect, he wrote the seminal book Communitas, which, thanks to the supportive promotion of Lewis Mumford, was republished in 1960 with a chapter promoting a ban on cars. The focus on the development of infrastructures, argued the Goodmans, was accelerating the conurbation of city and country at the expense of the urban poor.[6] Instead of integrating the country, the city was pushing its margins ever further away.

Ashamed of the condition of towns and cities that North American society was leaving to its future generations, Paul Goodman argued that children can become conscious adults only if they learn how to shape their environments. In psychological terms, according to Goodman, children need “adequate objects” to experience the city.[7] Yet, cities in the US were being expanded and redeveloped under the systematic marginalisation of groups, which purposefully created chaotic and derisory living conditions. Such conditions were threatening the psychic organisation of the child.

Meanwhile, state-led interventions actively advanced the ethnic and class segregation of American cities, increasing what officials called delinquency. Anarchists like Goodman interpreted these official policies as an extension of the economy that created jobs for state apparatuses. Under a racist economic regime, excluding and controlling people was profitable. Thus, following Lewis Mumford’s 20-year long critique of New York’s City Planning Commission and its modern masterplans, in Growing Up Absurd Goodman denounced the farcical relocations of low-income families into inadequate blocks that characterised the regeneration projects of the first half of the twentieth century in New York. How can a teenager live in a small flat, day and night, where a family share one bedroom? Juvenile delinquency, argued Goodman, was manufactured by urban planners.

In addition to the early signs of an incoming planetary gentrification, worthwhile relational activities and manual work were demonised even by unions. When unions ceased to protest the loss of manual jobs in the name of fighting alienation, Goodman concluded, people not only accepted these new conditions, but forgot Marxism altogether.[8] This dual transformation – of cities and of jobs – produced a society in which young people struggled to be recognised. The lack of trust in them made children feel worthless and not listened to. But for children to grow into adults, they need to be taken seriously. This is among the key lessons of anarchist education, a message that is present throughout Goodman’s and Ward’s books.

While the Left was retreating from its usual terrains, Goodman and Ward witnessed the profound changes of working-class neighbourhoods in and beyond New York and London. Both anarchists studied the new class structure of the urban poor, quickly realising the need to look beyond the low schooling rates of migrant communities. With their background in planning, they moved their attention towards the impact of housing conditions on social outcomes. In addition, a process of de-industrialisation put pressures on richer and now adult migrants ready to enter better paid jobs, only to discover that these jobs were disappearing. As a consequence, for racialised communities such as Hispanic and African Americans in New York and Asian and Caribbean people in London, education was failing them.

Overcrowded schools maintained by underpaid teachers turned into waiting rooms or, worse, prisons. As Ward argues in CiC, working class families needed a form of education that was practical and that responded to immediate local needs. These were among the reasons why Ward advocated for curricula to be de-nationalised. Thus, at the end of the Fordist era, solutions had to be fought for and found at the grassroots level and outside the expertise of decision-making institutions.

In the preface to the American edition of his friend John Turner’s breakthrough book Housing by People, Ward summarises in a few beautiful lines the problem with experts.

The moment that housing, a universal human activity, becomes defined as a problem, a housing problems industry is born, with an army of experts, bureaucrats and researchers, whose existence is a guarantee that the problem won’t go away.[9]

Turner was among the first planners to celebrate the achievements of informal urbanism against the violence of slum upgrading and regeneration plans.

Once again, Ward’s mission is to educate planners and architects about the pragmatic solutions that people around the world were applying to growing cities and settlements. Ward’s books such as The Allotment: its landscape and culture[10] and Goodnight campers! The history of the British holiday camp[11] are testament to a strenuous research to document and map the possibility of autonomy within the city.

But there cannot be autonomy without progressive education. It is therefore important to look more closely at Ward’s anarchist approach to education. As Ward wrote, “the anarchist approach has been more influential in the field of education than in other fields of life”.[12] Progressive education was the major interest of the anarchist movement of the 1960s, as education was seen as a tool to expand people’s political participation. As Ward put it, “education should mean joy”, but, as the expression suggests, education too often fails children and young people by depressing their creativity and their desire to play. A question that accompanied Ward’s life was how to build a society in which each generation can live for itself, without the Moloch of the future.

Ward was deeply interested in the history of anarchist education and focused especially on the 19th century English and American contexts. In opposition to the conceptual framework offered by the revolutionary French rationalists, in which education was a priority and a task of a well-functioning state, Ward reflected on the imposition of a national education system that led to the suppression of working-class forms of education in 1860s Britain. With no bounds to the church or to the state, such schools were seen by families as close to the needs of their communities. They did not have registers and were flexible with punctuality. Furthermore, community education taught practical things rather than moral orders!

While Ward is interested in alternative education, such as Steiner’s anthroposophy and the Ferrer schools, there are two major influences that must be mentioned to sketch a fair portrayal of his educational philosophy: William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. For decades Godwin and Wollstonecraft were primarily known as the parents of Mary Shelley, author of Frankenstein. However, in an intellectual struggle to give voice to forgotten radicals, Ward had put some effort into the renovation of Godwin and Wollstonecraft’s ideas against a national education. Against Rousseau, the early anarchist approach Ward is interested in lies in the separation of society and state. Following Godwin’s effort to think of a non-governmental society, for Ward education should remain outside the remit of the state, as governments injure children with ideas of permanence and obedience. National curricula are too narrowly aligned with national governments.[13]

Finally, I would like to conclude with a more technical and critical note that may suggest some interesting trajectories, as well as gaps, in Ward’s philosophy. In the very short preface to the second edition of CiC published by Bedford Square Press in 1990, Colin Ward writes, almost with a tone of excuse, about the decision not to republish the photos by Ann Golzen included in the beautiful first edition of 1978.[14] There are three reasons for this choice. The first reason is economical, and concerns a greater accessibility and wider distribution of the book. The second reason is that the discussion with social workers and teachers that the book sparked in the twelve years following the first edition gave rise to a collective reflection on the possible consequences that images have on children. In retrospect, the collection seemed to be more “an overview of deprivation than a celebration of urban childhood”.[15] A third consideration addresses young adults, who no longer recognised themselves in the images contained in the book: fashions are transient and must be respected. A decade is enough to transform traits, looks and figures.



The notes on why this choice was made are worth some reflections that may be useful for grasping some of the characteristics of Ward’s thought, especially in relation to the absence, it would seem intentional, of a systematic review, or at least a chapter, dedicated to the theme of childhood and new technologies. If, in fact, CiC is structured around classic themes of the vast literature that deals with children, the technological question remains in the background and is never explicit. For instance, there is no criticism of mass media and their role in the reproduction of capitalist social relations. Nor is there any theoretical elaboration on the link between technological development and urbanisation.

A possible explanation of this important absence can be found in CiC’s rooted engagement with the anglophone scholarly tradition of anthropology. To a careful reader, CiC appears solidly anchored between the traditions of American cultural anthropology and British social anthropology. It is no coincidence that the introduction of CiC opens with the American anthropologist Margaret Mead’s famous expression “The child does not exist. There are only children”. Like Mead’s Coming of Age in Samoa, CiC attempts a cultural study on childhood that remains, albeit somewhat uncomfortably, within the boundaries, and limits, of British structural functionalism.

To understand this tradition in the urban terms of CiC, the capitalist structures of city development are what shape future adults. Children can find their autonomy in the built environment, but it is ultimately the interests of speculators that confine the potential of urbanism and education. CiC has underlying elements of a more radical humanistic approach in line with anarchist self-determination, for instance in the people’s histories that complement the book (this approach was already fully developed in the earlier Anarchy in Action). However, perhaps because of the more professional audience that CiC targets, the book offers a flight from capitalism only in the form of a subtraction from urban structural functionalism. Many of these books – especially the ones published by Freedom Press – are stylistically and methodologically different. It is important however to highlight the limits of CiC’s abundant literature.

Ward does not explore, more consciously than not, the concepts and theories that were emerging on the other side of the English Channel. If French post-structuralism offered the tools to understand the links between governmentality, security and control, Ward ignored the political issues of the production of subjectivities, lingering on a safer anthropological toolbox, in which men and women can build autonomy but relative to the social functions of a city.

More worryingly, CiC does not provide an acceptable gender analysis, something that today would simply be intolerable. CiC overlooks gender issues and therefore misses the role of social reproduction for the production of the city. The capitalist city cannot function without cleaners, carers and women forced to stay at home. By doing so, Ward adopted a depoliticised perspective on technologies and gender, especially in its relation to the politics of bodies, maintaining a view that sees technics as an intermediate variable that can be controlled. In other words, for British social anthropology technology is an implicit function of society.

In return, the missing engagement with continental philosophy in Ward’s work may suggest that the political conditions of 1970s Britain determined a more pronounced closure, compared to American universities, to theories and events coming from Continental Europe. Foucault, for instance, arrived in the UK via the US. Secondly, Britain’s 1968 took place only in the 1980s, as a response to Thatcherism. This distance is a somewhat missed opportunity, considering that a comparison of Foucault and Ward could give new life to a politics of ungovernability, at a time when the solution to the current crisis is more, and not less, governmentality.

A second absence is the missed confrontation with Henri Lefebvre (and the opposite is true, signalling a less connected era between politically engaged intellectuals). While CiC accommodates the innovative findings of the American planner Kevin Lynch, who claimed that people create functional mental maps of their surroundings, Ward prefers to stay away from the study of capitalism. Capital and economic determinism are either marginally discussed in CiC or remain in the background of the study. Ward ultimately opts for a sensitivity closer to people’s histories of cities and spaces, rather than on the capitalist production of space. To put it more simply, Ward’s focus is on political culture over economics. Under this light, it is perhaps clearer why his persistent emphasis was on education.

If, for some readers, this gap is a sign of a rational departure from the differences in approach that characterised the British Marxist debate of that period – divided schematically between the continental structuralist philosophy of Louis Althusser of which Perry Anderson was partly promoter, and the Historical approach of the communist intellectual Edward Palmer Thompson – it is perhaps, on the contrary, in this distance from Marxism and the Communism of Soviet Russia that the singularity of Ward’s urban philosophy can be found.

CiC is very rich in data, ethnographic work and statistics, which Ward masters to produce a general reflection on the crisis of urban education. The regionalist and ecologist vision adopted by Ward while employed at the Town and Planning Association offers a renewal of Peter Kropotkin’s anarchism by placing libertarian ideas in the loopholes of anglophone anthropology. Away from the bureaucracy of political parties and planning offices, Ward believed in the potential role of education to design more socially just cities.

Occasionally, it is hard to understand whether for Ward education can be an objective in itself or a means to build autonomy. It should probably be both, as autonomy is a continuous process of emancipation that relies on its expressive and spatial expansion to be successful for all. The “object-oriented” urbanism presented in CiC, an urban anthropology focused on the impact of the built environment on people’s lives, anticipated the advent of Latourian philosophies, but with an exception and a difference. It is children, future adults of a society, and not social technologies, who remain at the centre of Ward’s city.

To conclude, as discussed in this postface, it would be a mistake to search in Ward for a philosophy of the “place” of humanity in the “world”. Ward was attracted to the social self-determination of groups and people, to the autonomy and education of children, not of the child. Ward maintained an original interest in the social exploration of persons and their processual spatial expression. He documented and opposed the attack of speculators on the autonomous territories that compose a city. By talking to teachers, he understood the importance of learning the journey from and to homes, in order to appreciate the problems of families. For Ward, as the pioneer of popular urbanism Patrick Geddes once put it, a good city is one that welcomes the ungovernable need of a family for “more room”.



[1] Colin Ward. (1976). Housing: An anarchist approach. London: Freedom Press.

[2] Dennis Hardy and Colin Ward. (1984). Arcadia for all: The legacy of a makeshift landscape. London: Mansell. The 1982 book Anarchy in action was originally published in 1973.

[3] Somewhat interestingly, Colin Ward quit London after the publication of CiC and moved to the countryside in 1979.

[4] Colin Ward. (1995). Talking school: Ten lectures by Colin Ward. London: Freedom Press.

[5] Ibid. pp. 120-21.

[6] Conurbation is a term coined by architect Patrick Geddes, another key influence for Ward. Cf. Colin Ward. (1991). Influences: Voices of creative dissent. Bideford: Green Books, p. 106.

[7] Paul Goodman. (2011) [1960]. Growing Up Absurd. New York: New York Review Books Classics, p. 20.

[8] Ibid. p. 42.

[9] Colin Ward’s “Introduction” to John F.C. Turner. (1977). Housing by people: Towards autonomy in building environments. New York: Pantheon Books, p. xxxi.

[10] Colin Ward and David Crouch. (1988). The allotment: Its landscape and culture. London: Faber.

[11] Colin Ward and Dennis Hardy. (1986). Goodnight campers! The history of the British holiday camp. London: Mansell.

[12] Colin Ward. (2004). Anarchism: A very short introduction. Oxford: University Press, p. 61.

[13] Colin Ward. (1991). Influences: Voices of creative dissent. Bideford: Green Books, pp. 13-48.

[14] Colin Ward “Preface to New Edition” (1990). The Child in the City. New Edition. London: Bedford Square Press.

[15] Ibid.”]]></description>
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    <title>Designers and Planners Take Note: People’s Fondest Memories Rarely Involve Technology | ArchDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-06T15:20:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.archdaily.com/946090/designers-and-planners-take-note-peoples-fondest-memories-rarely-involve-technology</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[original post: https://commonedge.org/designers-and-planners-take-note-peoples-fondest-memories-rarely-involve-technology/ ]

“As planners who regularly engage everyday citizens in the planning process, we like to start by having people build their favorite childhood memories with found objects. Most often, these memories are joy-infused tales of the out-of-doors, nature, friends, family, exploration, freedom. Rarely do these memories have much to do with technology, shopping, driving, watching television, and so many of the other things that seem to clutter up our daily lives. But then again, these are folks who have known a world that has been—at least for part of their lives—screen- and smartphone-free. 

Occasionally, an older workshop participant will say, “I’m really worried about the younger generations—that their only childhood memories will be from their phones and iPads.” One woman went so far as to say we would have to change the workshop format for young people altogether, as their memories would eventually all be the same: screens, video games, social media.

But is this true? What do young people who’ve grown up in a screen-filled world build for their favorite childhood memories? 

Recently, before shelter-in-place, we went to Soka University of America (SUA), in Aliso Viejo, California, United States, to lead an interactive model-building workshop for an undergraduate urban planning class consisting of students aged 19 to 23. Course creator and professor Deike Peters explained that the class aims to not only “let students who are primed and prepped loose on prime planning content” but also introduce them to “the actual experience of the practice of urban planning.” Thus Peters had invited us in to not simply show students one way of conducting community outreach and visioning, but also to engage those students in that process itself. Through this process, we unexpectedly gained a window into how these young people see and understand their lives in an internet-soaked world.

After giving a bit of background about what urban planners and designers do, we set off an international group of students (hailing from Switzerland, Ethiopia, Nepal, Japan, and the U.S., to name a few) to mine their memories and make them come to life through the found objects they picked out of a massive pile of, well, junk, at the front of the room. 

One workshop participant was Rodas Bekele, originally from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and currently a junior at SUA, who is pursuing an environmental studies degree with a focus on urban planning. In sifting through the found objects on the front table in the classroom to figure out what to build for her memory, Bekele came upon fake yellow flowers—“very similar to the flowers we would pick out for New Year’s Eve and the season,” she said—and they become the grist for her model-building.

After taking about five minutes to build their models, Bekele and her classmates had a chance to share both their models and accompanying memories. As each student spoke, a picture began to emerge of shared and recurring themes that, more often than not, transcended national identity and biography. 

“There used to be open fields where I lived—now it’s basically suburbia,” Bekele said of her model. “And there used to be a bunch of flowers there. So my memory was of my family, my mom and my sister. We would go to the yellow flowers and pick them. We would bring a soccer ball and just play around in the mud, pick flowers, rest up a little bit. That’s the memory I was trying to recreate. The soccer ball on the side and the yellow flowers.” 

Another student, Eiji Toda, of Osaka, Japan, described how he became interested in urban planning after going from intensely urban but walkable and socially connected Osaka to Orange County and living at SUA, a beautiful campus but one that is completely inaccessible to public transit, a walk to a town center, or to a broader community.

For the model of his favorite childhood memory, Toda built something very much in contrast to his everyday reality at SUA: a local bus station in Osaka and the streets connecting to it. While the station was the focal point of the model, its presence he highlighted because it served as a springboard for experiencing a wider world. And for him, part of that wider world was the feeling of his senses opening up. 

“The station is surrounded by a lot of trees, and actually the boulevard right there has a lot of big oak trees,” he said of the trees depicted in his model. “In the summer, there are lots of cicadas in the trees, and they are really loud, and that kind of soundscape is involved in the place. I could really feel the cycle of the seasons there. I would go to school every day, regardless of the season—rain, winter—so I was able to see the changes in the trees, and the changes in temperature and humidity.”

 Discovery, freedom, nature, sights, sounds, family, friends, our senses awakened: all recurring themes within not just Toda’s and Bekele’s memories and models, but within all of the students’ memories and models. These are, in fact, essentially the same memories and models of older participants in our workshops as well. 

When we relay stories like Bekele’s and Toda’s to planners and inquiring minds, the reaction is most often along the lines of, “Well, that was then, this is now.” In other words, regardless of these memories, the cities these students want to live in now must certainly be awash in technology.

To follow the exercise on building their favorite childhood memory, we had the students do just that: work in small groups to build their ideal cities. We set no parameters for what they were to build other than that we wanted them to build the cities they would like to live in. The groups by and large contained cultural cross-sections of students, and each group was able to return to the table in the front to mine the pile of found objects for elements for their new cities. 

Subina Tapaliya, who grew up in Piple, Nepal, and her teammates Kazumi Takaishi and Yu Fujiwara, both from Japan, pulled from their experiences back home and in Aliso Viejo, to create a hybrid city that addressed needs lacking in each. “I built schools and hospitals in the model because back in my hometown, we did not have those facilities, and we suffered,” said Tapaliya of their model. “But we also built in public transportation, because here in Aliso Viejo there is none. You need a car.” 

To the mix of transportation and social infrastructure, the group also added in bike lanes and green spaces for gathering, elements Tapaliya wished existed in her actual physical environment. “I realized that if there were bike paths, or more accessible public transit in Aliso Viejo, maybe I would be out and about more.” 

Toda’s group—all from Japan—built a Japanese-style shopping street but made clear that an exact urban neighborhood equivalent did not exist in the U.S. “It’s a type of space that’s not really present here,” said Toda, “so I wanted to reconstruct that, and also deconstruct it—to figure out what made it work.”

To those ends, his group built a train station, a shopping street, and the neighborhood that extends out from that core. “Alongside the shopping street, there are parks and schools, and all the things that you need. We tried to put in leaves, so you could feel the transitions across the seasons,” said Toda. While the train and shopping infrastructure could constitute “technology,” no one in his team built in WiFi, or phone-charging stations, or any overt displays of technology that have become hallmarks of 21st century life. 

In fact, after we had the teams report back on what they had built for their ideal cities, we asked them to pull out not simply recurring themes from the models—walkability, nature, outdoor activities, proximity, no parking, weekends and relaxation—but also those elements everyone distinctly omitted from their models. To everyone’s surprise, what they subconsciously omitted were so many elements that seem to be so intertwined with their everyday lives today: cars, technology, homework, money, television, and freestanding buildings sitting within seas of parking lots. When we pointed out that no one had built WiFi or phone-charging stations, either, several students said, “Oh, my god, we didn’t.” 

Of course, it could be argued that things like WiFi and outlets for charging phones are so ubiquitous in these students’ lives that they just assumed it was a given these elements would be in their ideal cities. But is this so? When we asked Toda to reflect after the workshop on why his group hadn’t built technology into their city, he took a minute to ponder the question and replied, “We reconstructured our city based on our own memories, and less on something we have been exposed to now.” Yet in reflecting further, he realized his group had equally pulled from their experiences of modern-day Japan.

“The basis of the city should be the environment: the people, the environment, the sounds,” he said, “and the technology can enhance parts of it, but in Japan technology is not a central part of the city. For example, we have an app that helps us navigate the transportation system, but it’s not the main part of my transportation experience, but an aide that lets me explore that world.” 

Bekele had a similar response. “After the first exercise, I was in the mentality of ‘fun stuff, memories, family, togetherness,’” she said, “and I think that’s what we truly value, and we carried that over when we designed the group community, this feel-good place. So technology didn’t really come up because if we’re going to come together, we’re going to talk to people rather than thinking about charging our phones, and WiFi.”

When she reflected further—in particular on what her group did not build—she homed in on physical connectivity as a core element of their ideal city. “Our model city wasn’t very car-based, and I think that’s an important part. I’ve seen the highways in the U.S. and how huge they are, and how there is no one on the street walking,” she said. “So, looking at our model, things were close together, they were human-scaled. You could walk to certain places, or bike to certain places.”

And as for technology itself? Bekele saw a role for it, but, like Toda, saw it as a tool for enhancing one’s life but not life itself. “I feel like that other stuff, other than accessing your maps [app] and going places, that stuff comes second to being with other people,” said Bekele.

Since the SOKA workshop, we have led many more workshops, with a range of ages (including kindergarteners), and 99% of their memories have been in line with all the recurring themes of the SOKA students. Sure, one student recently built playing Minecraft at home, and another, a third-grader in Los Angeles, announced that he would be building a video game system for his favorite activity in the city. Yet when he built his activity, he ended up building a park. “I said I was going to build a video game system, but I built a park instead. I don’t know why!” he exclaimed, incredulous but also thrilled at the discovery.

It seems that when push comes to shove, what we value most—both way back when and now—are not the digital pursuits that occupy much of our time and attention, but rather the things that provide us a sense of comfort, belonging, joy. Things that offer up opportunity for discovery and exploration—of the physical and natural world. 

So where does that leave all of us, then, when our everyday infrastructure and frameworks for our lives neither reflect so many of our core values nor allow us to live out those values in meaningful ways? When it comes to young people, whose lives are increasingly dominated by programmed activities and little in the way of downtime and opportunities for boredom-induced discovery—the joys of a wandering mind—our observations reveal a true need for providing hands-on learning within and outside the classroom, and increased time for simply doing, well, whatever: ambling about, building a snow fort, gluing fake jewels onto wooden blocks, playing capture the flag down at the park, lying down and thinking while staring up through a tree.

Not only has no student ever built playing on a smartphone or tablet as their favorite childhood memory, no student has ever built going to soccer practice, an elaborately planned birthday, getting presents, or a debate tournament. What little simple, unprogrammed downtime they do have nowadays, that’s where their favorite memories are still created and found.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://stephaniewakefield.com/">
    <title>Stephanie Wakefield</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-02T16:38:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://stephaniewakefield.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I am an educator and researcher specializing in human-environment relations, urban resilience and sustainability, and social-ecological systems thinking. I hold a PhD in Human Geography from the Department of Earth and Environmental Science at the CUNY Graduate Center, and I am currently an Urban Studies Foundation International Postdoctoral Research Fellow based in the Department of Global and Sociocultural Studies at Florida International University. At FIU I am also affiliated with the Institute of Environment, Sea Level Solutions Center, and am co-lead of the NSF-funded Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research Project Human Dimensions working group. Previously I was a Visiting Assistant Professor of Culture and Media at The New School and taught urban and environmental studies and planning in the Department of Urban Studies and Environmental Studies Program at Queens College.

In my work I use geography, political ecology, and infrastructure studies to critically analyze the environmental, social, and technical transformations of urban life in the age of climate change. My research on New York and Miami Beach combines empirical research, stakeholder interviews, and site observations to explore the engineering, legal, and philosophical challenges of resilience as a new paradigm of urban planning. As I have argued in a series of journal articles published in Political Geography, Geography Compass, Geoforum, and Environment and Planning E: Nature and Place, urban resilience is a mode of government that moves beyond outdated forms of urban planning based in modern human/nature binaries by redesigning the city as a social-ecological system secured via nature’s own inherent, vital capacities. An important focus of my research also considers how ordinary urban dwellers are transforming social and environmental relations in order to live more sustainably and equitably in the 21st century. This work explores the possibilities for sustainability experimentation and new forms of human-nature collaboration in the age of climate change, assembling stories and tools emerging at the front lines of environmental transformation. I am now working on a new book, Miami Forever? Urbanism in the Anthropocene. Through a multi-sited research program based in a global city vulnerable to early sea level rise, I critically examine three case studies of resiliency experimentation: Everglades restoration designs to protect the Biscayne aquifer from saltwater intrusion; art and planning institutions’ social media and public art efforts to market an aqua-urban future for Miami; and indigenous and transnational migrant communities’ practices for confronting sunny day flooding.

Along with scholarly publication and teaching, I frequently work with government organizations, community groups, art institutions and nonprofits to explore experimental sustainability planning and community resilience design."]]></description>
<dc:subject>stephaniewakefield sustainability anthropocene resilience design communityplanning planning urbanplanning urbanism infrastructure cities environment climatechange ecology geography politicalecology miami nyc geoforum nature place landscape</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/when-june-jordan-and-buckminster-fuller-tried-to-redesign-harlem">
    <title>When June Jordan and Buckminster Fuller Tried to Redesign Harlem | The New Yorker</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-23T06:24:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/when-june-jordan-and-buckminster-fuller-tried-to-redesign-harlem</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["n July of 1964, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, Thomas Gilligan, a white off‐duty police officer, shot and killed James Powell, a Black teen-ager. Uprisings erupted in Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant, which lasted six nights and then ignited protests across the nation. In the foreword to her book “Civil Wars,” the Black feminist writer and activist June Jordan wrote that, in the aftermath of the protests, “I realized I now was filled with hatred for everything and everyone white. Almost simultaneously it came to me that this condition, if it lasted, would mean I had lost the point. . . . I resolved not to run on hatred but, instead, to use what I loved, words, for the sake of the people I loved. However, beyond my people, I did not know the content of my love: what was I for?”

Jordan immediately provided an answer by throwing herself into what she called “a collaborative architectural redesign of Harlem,” in which she joined forces with the architect R. Buckminster Fuller, champion of the geodesic dome. Jordan and Fuller called their collaboration “Skyrise for Harlem”: a plan for public housing that was attuned to the well-being of two hundred and fifty thousand of the neighborhood’s residents, most of them Black. The project may have seemed a left turn for Jordan, who came to prominence through her essays and poetry. But she had always conceived of her work as falling under the umbrella of environmental design—“that is,” she explained, “in general, an effort to contribute to the positive changing of the world.”

Architecture, in particular, had long been a source of sustenance for the young artist. Four years earlier, Jordan was an exhausted twenty-four-year-old mother of a toddler living in a housing project in Queens. A friend who was trying to convince her to take a much-needed vacation dropped by with picture books about Greece in tow. It was a “fantastic visual inundation,” Jordan later wrote. “It was in this way that I began to think about architecture.” She began a weekly routine. Once a week, she left her two-year-old son in the care of her husband and took the bus into Manhattan to the Donnell Library, where she sat for hours in the downstairs reading room, poring over books about architecture and design: Le Corbusier, Isamu Noguchi, the Bauhaus, and Fuller, a visionary of affordable, sustainable housing. Jordan wrote, “Fuller’s thinking weighed upon my own as a hunch yet to be gambled on the American landscape where daily, deathly polarization of peoples according to skin gained in horror as white violence escalated against Black life.”

The uprisings coincided with a turbulent period in Jordan’s life. A week after the riots, Jordan’s husband wrote to say that he wouldn’t be returning to their home; Jordan, increasingly destitute, sent her son to his grandparents. She wrote to Fuller, he responded almost immediately, and they spent several months drafting “Skyrise for Harlem,” a plan for a neighborhood where residents had long been subjected to constant policing, cramped quarters, and dilapidated schools. Their plan would transform Harlem without displacing any of its existing residents, who often became the collateral damage of “urban renewal” (or what Jordan and others called “Negro removal”). Urban renewal involves the designation of certain areas as “blight”—a term disproportionately applied to low-income Black and brown communities—in order to justify demolition of existing structures and authorize new building. The practice was exemplified by Robert Moses, whose now-infamous Cross Bronx Expressway, for example, relied on denying the rich cultural networks and microeconomies of East Tremont, which were then destroyed by the highway’s construction.

In contrast with urban-renewal projects that devalued Black and brown populations, Fuller and Jordan’s design sought to transform the environment in service of Harlem’s residents. The plan was ambitious, but drastic measures were required. “Partial renovation is not enough,” Jordan wrote. “A half century of despair requires exorcism.” Columns installed in backyards would act as stilts so that construction of fifteen fireproof, conical towers could take place above existing buildings. These towers would contain new dwelling space—light-filled apartments of twelve-hundred square feet, each equipped with a balcony and parking spot—as well as studios, concert halls, theatres, athletic fields, and recreational space. Parking ramps and suspension bridges would cut through the towers, and green space and collective leisure areas would be expanded. After construction was completed, the residents who lived in the buildings below would simply move up to the improved units. After residents had settled into their new units, the old units would be “converted into communal, open space for recreation, parking and so forth.”

The proposal—with its emphasis on cars and highways and high-rise public housing—shared certain tendencies with Moses’s visions. But what critically distinguished “Skyrise for Harlem” from urban-renewal projects, in addition to its commitment to resisting displacement, was the emphasis on residents’ imaginations. This was a plan attentive to the creative possibilities of interior life and social space. “Every room has a view,” Jordan wrote, noting that views would offer a counterpoint to the city’s density; residents might look onto the river and dream a while.

Under her married name, Meyer, Jordan wrote about “Skyrise for Harlem” in the April, 1965, issue of Esquire. Jordan chaffed against Esquire’s stipulations. “The limitation of 2500 words seems to me arbitrary and acceptable only if it becomes possible to adequately condense to a poetry of form the verbal aspect of the piece,” she wrote to Fuller, emphasizing the project’s allegiance to radical imagination. In the article, Jordan omitted her own integral role in the project—perhaps to seize on the celebrity of her collaborator, who had appeared on the cover of Time the previous year. “Fuller’s design,” “Fuller’s circular decked towers,” “Fuller’s solution,” Jordan wrote. Still, their shared enthusiasm for the transformative potential of design comes through: “There is no evading architecture, no meaningful denial of our position. You can build to defend the endurance of man, to protect his existence, to illuminate it. But you cannot build for these purposes merely in spasmodic response to past and present crises, for then crisis, like the poor, will be with us always.”

Jordan submitted the article under the headline “Skyrise for Harlem,” but the editors replaced it with one of their own, “Instant Slum Clearance,” which encapsulated precisely the dominant urban-planning idea that Jordan and Fuller’s design rejected: that Black residents were a form of contamination who had to be removed for a neighborhood to flourish. The subtitle—“R. Buckminster Fuller designs a total solution to an American dilemma: here, for instance, is how it would work in Harlem”—clinched the project’s attribution to Fuller and reversed Jordan’s guiding question, “What was I for?” It cast the plan from one motivated by the love of a particular place into one preoccupied with a generalized violence.

The check from Esquire arrived on December 24, 1964. “I pleaded with the bank to cash the check, immediately,” Jordan recalled. Then she headed to the airport to pick up her son, who made it home just in time for Christmas.

“Skyrise for Harlem” never made it off the page. Although Jordan insisted that the pair fully expected the plan to be carried out, its fate was hardly an anomaly for Fuller, whose spectacular ideas regularly outpaced his commitment to seeing them through. Unlike many of Fuller’s other brainstorms, however, engagements with “Skyrise” have been scattershot. A few sources have covered the project, without giving credit to Jordan. A 1965 article in the Southern Illinoisan, Fuller’s local newspaper, described the proposal, giving sole credit to Fuller. The Whitney’s exhibition “Buckminster Fuller: Starting with the Universe,” from 2008, included the blueprint by Fuller’s associate Shoji Sadao that appeared alongside the Esquire article, with no mention of Jordan. Jordan wrote about the project’s genesis and her frustration with Esquire’s editorial changes in “Civil Wars.”

The June Jordan Papers, at Harvard’s Schlesinger Library, contain the project’s most robust documentation. Based on their collaboration, Fuller wrote Jordan’s letter of recommendation for a Prix de Rome, which awarded her a fellowship in environmental design. In Rome, Jordan began research for what would become “Okay Now,” a still-unpublished novel that imagines a radical farming commune in Ruleville, Mississippi. Though Jordan—who, in 1973, was admitted to the Yale School of Art and Architecture—eventually moved away from the conventional study of design, her work bears out a sustained allegiance to design as a metamorphic practice. From “Okay Now” to her newspaper reporting to her memoir, “Soldier: A Poet’s Childhood,” from 2000, Jordan’s writing is characterized by deep attention to the entanglements of the built environment and social meaning, and a dedication to bringing about a spatial order where Black people could, as she wrote in a letter to Fuller, participate “in the birth of their own reality.”

Though “Skyrise for Harlem” wasn’t built, it wasn’t a failure; it was part of Jordan’s larger, lifelong literary project, and one that speaks with resonant clarity in this summer of uprisings against police brutality and other forms of anti-Black racism. What she called her “poetics of form” contested racist metaphors that linked Black people to blight. (Moses’s plan for the Cross Bronx Expressway, for example, mobilized a bundle of racist ideas in order to garner support for his project.) The world that produced the urgent need for a “Skyrise for Harlem” was the same one that foreclosed its realization. But as the geography professor and prison abolitionist Ruth Wilson Gilmore has written, “What the world will become already exists in fragments and pieces, experiments and possibilities.” The fragments of Jordan’s experiment might be sutured to our own broken-open moment."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://vimeo.com/310887813">
    <title>Human Cities Expo 2018: Alex Schafran, The Road to Resegregation - Northern California and the Failure of Politics on Vimeo</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-20T22:14:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://vimeo.com/310887813</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Alex Schafran
Author of "The Road to Resegregation: Northern California and the Failure of Politics"

The Human Cities Expo 2018 featured interactive exhibits, student presentations, and keynote talks from Michael Germeraad, Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) and Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) and author Alex Schafran.

Learn more at humancities.org/human-cities-expo-2018/

Video by melvinwongmedia.com "]]></description>
<dc:subject>alexschafran segregation resegreagation bayarea california neoliberalism greatrecession foreclosures policy housing politics urbanstudies urban urbanism urbanization norcal 2018 2008 antioch paloalto sanfrancisco marincounty siliconvalley oakland richmond nyc race racism housingcrisis proposition13 suburbs suburbia jerrybrown marin planning urbanplanning gentrification environment environmentalism displacement legal law transportation transit 1990s westoakland eastoakland pollution centalvalley manteca ripon lodi lathrop inequality whiteness history commonpurpose 1980s 2000s globalfinancialcrisis prop13 contracostacounty</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://alexschafran.com/">
    <title>Alex Schafran – Writing and research about urbanization and more</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-20T20:41:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://alexschafran.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Writer, planner, geographer, educator, researcher

Over the past two decades, my writing has focused on housing, racial (re)segregation, and the broader politics of urbanization. Rooted in California, my work ranges from historical analysis of vexing problems to new ways of thinking about economics and housing policy."

...

"Born and raised in California, I spent a decade working in social services, immigrant rights advocacy, tenant organizing, housing policy and community development in both Northern California and New York City. During this time I trained as an urban planner, and my writing works to combine the critical eye of an academic with the needs of practitioners, policymakers and activists to take important steps forward. I hold a BA in History from Stanford University, an MA in Urban Planning from Hunter College, City University of New York, and a PhD in City & Regional Planning from the University of California, Berkeley.

I became a writer slowly, with bits of work starting in the late 1990s. I started writing in earnest once I started my PhD in 2006, and I’ve worked to write in diverse fashion across a range of subjects with different co-authors. The fact I am more proud of is that I have published with 28 different co-authors since 1999 (and I am not a scientist). My output over the years now includes 2 books and a heady mix of peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, journalism, reports, OpEds, book reviews, and more than 50,000 words in Polis blog posts between 2009 and 2012.

I lived in Europe between 2011 and 2020, both in France and the UK. Between 2013 and 2020, I was based at the School of Geography at the University of Leeds as a Lecturer in Urban Geography. I have also taught or held adjoint or affiliate roles at Sciences Po Paris, Sciences Po Bordeaux, the Université de Cergy Pointoise and the University of Colorado Denver.

I am currently back in Northern California, working on the issues in the Road to Resegregation. I am taking a (non-COVID-related) hiatus from teaching and public speaking, which is why you don’t see a list of speaking engagements.

Primary Research and Writing Interests

My primary focus is the past, present and future of the State of California. My book The Road to Resegregation: Northern California and the Failure of Politics, was published in October 2018. The book brings together almost a decade of writing on the San Francisco Bay Area into a full length account of how one of the wealthiest and most progressive regions in the world resegregated over the course over the course of my lifetime. I am spending as much time in California as possible these days talking about the book, and you can find more information about talks here and the book itself here. An interview in Metropolitics about the book is available here. For a complete list of essays, articles and papers about California and elsewhere, visit my academic website at the University of Leeds.

My other main focus is on developing better housing policy in the United States, work that brings me back to my roots as a housing organizer in New York City. Over the past two years I have led a project developing a novel means of doing housing analysis based on tenure diversity and vulnerability. Vulnerability analysis enables any jurisdiction to understand the many ways in which people are vulnerable to losing their homes, which varies far more than most people realize. Click here to read more about Housing Vulnerability Analysis.

Additional Writing Projects

Along with colleagues Jake Wegmann and Deirdre Pfeiffer, with whom I collaborated on the housing tenure work, I am continuing to produce academic work focused on housing. One new area which is just beginning to see the light of day is a project examining the generally unexplored relationship between housing policy and electoral politics. The first paper in that series was featured in CityLab.

I have a long-standing interest in urban discourse, and in particular how and why and to what end we say mean things about places. I am thrilled to have published a recent article in the Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers  led by Alice Butler, which examines what people in the UK mean when they call a place a “shithole”. The work was featured in an article in The Conversation, and we are currently working with our colleague Lex Comber to see if machine learning can build on this research. I also recently published a collaborative piece (including Leeds’ Giorgia Aiello) in the French bilingual journal Metropolitiques  which looks at race and visual representations of new housing developments in French cities. This work combines my interest in discourse with a growing collaboration with the French scholar Yohann Le Moigne, work that includes another recently published work (with sociologist Greg Smithsimon) on the Parisian suburb of Seine-Saint-Denis.

While most of my work focuses on urban politics in some way, I am a historically-minded political economist, and have recently moved to develop the economic side of my work more significantly. My first major contribution in this area focuses on challenging and replacing “three-sector theory”, the World War II-era notion that gave us the idea of the services sector. The paper, “Replacing the services sector and three-sector theory: Urbanization and control as economic sectors“, is the product of five years of writing and rewriting, and was co-authored with colleagues from across three different disciplines. I particularly welcome inquiries about this paper, as we are working to develop an empirical project to test and refine various ideas in the paper.

Along related lines, I have recently published a new book entitled The Spatial Contract for Manchester University Press. Co-authored with the Leeds energy geographer Stephen Hall and the political philosopher Matthew Noah Smith, the book develops a framework for building a healthier political economy of foundational urban systems like water, energy, food, transportation and housing. A (very partial) working paper can be found on the foundational economy website. The introduction to the book can be found here..

I welcome inquiries from anyone curious about my work in any way. Schafran @ gmail is best, or @alexschafran on Twitter."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/education/322673/deschooling-architecture/">
    <title>Deschooling Architecture - Architecture - e-flux</title>
    <dc:date>2020-03-13T21:02:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.e-flux.com/architecture/education/322673/deschooling-architecture/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“The late 1960s saw the birth of two radical ideas in the fields of education and environment. In education, the deschooling movement began with a seminar in Mexico entitled “Alternatives in Education.” For the scholars involved, schooling was an institution that perpetrated an unjust social order through a “hidden curriculum” and which had to be changed in order to achieve social justice. As a result of their meetings, two years later, Ivan Illich published Deschooling Society, where he advocated the abolition of schools and their replacement with “a new style of educational relationship between man and his environment.”

For Illich, the physical environment was a freely available resource where people could learn on their own terms. He loosely proposed an alternative system of entangled educational networks outside the remit of the school, combining educational objects, peer learning, mentorship, and reference services. His idea was to create a framework “which constantly educates to action, participation, and self-help.” The proposals of the “deschoolers”—including Illich, Paul Goodman, and Everett Reimer—were considered utopian and unscholarly at the time, but they became popular among progressive educators and the New Left, fueling a stream of libertarian educational practices worldwide.

Meanwhile, ecological disasters and the indiscriminate use of natural resources in the US inspired Wisconsin senator Gaylord Nelson in 1969 to organize an environmental “teach-in.” His aim was to encourage people, and especially youth, to become aware and involved in protecting the environment. Instead of taking a top-down approach, Nelson proposed that anyone could organize a meeting to teach others what they knew about the environment. A year later, in April 1970, Earth Day triggered a nationwide grassroots movement of peer-to-peer learning that brought millions to the streets, including 10,000 schools and 2,000 colleges and universities. An initiative that started as a local environmental education project created the first North American green generation and propagated the environmental movement.

The ripples of these two radical ideas reached Britain and materialized in the work of anarchist writer Colin Ward. With a background in architecture, education, and anarchist publishing, Ward combined the ideas of the environmental movement and the deschoolers, initiating a network of people, places, and pedagogies that used the environment as a tool for learning. However, rather than concentrating on the natural environment, as most projects did at the time, Ward advocated for the study of urban areas as a path to active citizenship.

One of the initiatives under Ward’s leadership, the Urban Studies Centres (USCs), triggered a grid of more than thirty self-organized urban learning centers across the UK to promote awareness of the built environment. Even though the USC’s main aim was to widen participation in the construction of cities and help people become “masters of their environment,” they also, as a side-effect, proposed a way to “deschool architecture” by making architectural and urban education publicly available.”]]></description>
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    <title>Calling for a More-Than-Human Politics - Anab Jain - Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2020-02-25T06:12:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/@anabjain/calling-for-a-more-than-human-politics-f558b57983e6</link>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191112-what-the-nordic-nations-can-teach-us-about-liveable-cities">
    <title>What the Nordic nations can teach us about liveable cities - BBC Worklife</title>
    <dc:date>2019-11-18T15:55:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191112-what-the-nordic-nations-can-teach-us-about-liveable-cities</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Inclusivity issue?

But others working in the field are more sceptical about the idea of singling out Nordic methods as a global ideal worthy of their own postgraduate programme.

“There is a great paradox between how Sweden, Norway and Denmark sell themselves and what is actually the case,” argues James Taylor Foster, a British curator at ArkDes, the Swedish Centre for Architecture and Design in Stockholm. He says that the Nordic concept of Jantelagen, which discourages standing out from the crowd, can hinder frank conversations about challenges and the need to adapt for the future. “Urban planning should be about inclusivity and I am not sure how inclusive the region is in reality, in relation to how it can often describe itself,” says Taylor Foster, who is trained in architecture.

There is a great paradox between how Sweden, Norway and Denmark sell themselves and what is actually the case – James Taylor Foster
One issue he believes deserves particular attention is the region’s dwindling stock of affordable housing. Many major urban hubs including Copenhagen, Stockholm and even Tromsø are experiencing a squeeze amid rapid population growth, gentrification and increased tourism. This has led to increased segregation as lower earners are forced further out of city centres and exacerbated integration challenges following record immigration, especially in Sweden.

In Stockholm, for example, outer suburbs such as Tensta and Rinkeby are largely populated by low-income immigrant families. While these areas comprise well-maintained apartment blocks, parks, pedestrianised shopping areas and subway stops connecting them to the city centre, Taylor Foster argues that residents can still feel isolated and may find their interaction with city services limited.

 “If you need to go to a specialist hospital, they are largely in the centre of the city. Tax offices, museums… they are largely in the centre,” says Taylor Foster. “But some low-income families simply can’t afford a monthly SL [Stockholm public transport] pass, which is set to get even more expensive in the new year.” He argues that mobility – physical, cultural and social – needs to be prioritised in future.  “We need to be able to think in a holistic way that allows engagement and experimentation. Practically speaking, public transport within a city could be completely free of charge,” he says.

We could learn a lot from other places that experiment and test ideas quickly – Jordan Valentin Lane
Jordan Valentin Lane, an Australian-born sustainability strategist and architect who works in Södertälje, a municipality south of the Swedish capital, describes urban planning practice as “quite homogenous”, with middle-class locals tending to dominate the field. This, he argues, can promote a limited perspective, while the region’s penchant for strict rules and consensus-based decisions can sometimes limit innovation. “Cities are works in progress, but sometimes things take too long, we could learn a lot from other places that experiment and test ideas quickly.”

However, Valentin Lane argues that courses like the Nordic urban planning master’s programme can play a positive role in promoting diversity in the field. “We can learn in the Nordics from hiring people with international backgrounds,” he says. “They have different ways of knowing the world and what’s possible. They take with them a whole history of place-making and city-making that may not have even been considered in the Nordics”.

He cites the example of outdoor pavement seating areas at city centre restaurants and cafes, a concept popular in other European cities which experienced “a real push-back” from city officials when planners suggested introducing it to Stockholm the 1970s. This kind of al fresco experience proved highly popular, despite Sweden’s cooler climate, with bars and restaurants now allowed to open their outdoor areas from April until October.

Valentin Lane also believes international students have much to gain from working in the region. “There is a good level of English, generous parental leave which you don’t get in other countries, and a lot more discussion and research being done from critical perspectives.”

Adapting the Nordic way

Back at Roskilde University, David Pinder says he is aware of the danger of “presenting a too celebratory perspective on Nordic urban planning”. He says the course also raises “critical questions” about past and present regional projects and hopes that it will help play a role in solving future issues.

“As cities grow and become prosperous, we really need to look at the downsides of that development, especially questions about affordability and growing inequality,” he argues. “What is meant by liveability, is this potentially an exclusive agenda and how can it address these problems of inequality and social justice? [This] will be a key area of debate in the coming years.”

Students take part in regular discussions with practitioners who are already starting to deal with these challenges, including local municipalities, urban consulting firms and non-profit organisations. Pinder hopes some of these practitioners will hire students after they graduate or inspire them to embark on their own planning projects. Meanwhile there are signs that the international students are already bringing a critical perspective to the table.

Leo Couturier Lopez argues that while he appreciates living near parks, having wide streets and the trend for low-rise buildings in Denmark, he believes that Copenhagen could become more attractive by densifying, rather than focusing on creating new areas such Lynetteholmen, a new island which is set to provide 35,000 new homes east of the city centre. 

He also misses Paris’ buzzing late-night restaurant and cafe culture; in Copenhagen he is “sometimes a bit disappointed” with the social life in some residential neighbourhoods. “Copenhagen could develop and revitalise its existing centralities with small restaurants, small shops and little cafes and affordable houses, rather than the risk of creating lifeless new neighbourhoods.”

The region is perhaps best used as a source of inspiration for other cities, rather than as a direct guide to ‘copy and paste’
It’s an observation that has recently started to enter mainstream social and political debate, following studies suggesting that Nordics countries are some of the most challenging for expats and immigrants to make friends in, while concerns about social isolation and loneliness among the local population have also come to the fore.

Student Camilla Boye Mikkelsen says she will likely remain biased towards Nordic planning methods in future, having grown up in Copenhagen. But for her, a key takeaway from the course so far is that the region is perhaps best used as a source of inspiration for other cities, rather than as a direct guide to “copy and paste”. 

“Saying ’now we are going to make London into a bike-friendly city like Copenhagen’ might not be the right thing to do,” she argues. “London is way busier and a stressful city where there are always people around.”

“If you were to be inspired by the Nordic perspective on planning, the most important thing would not be to directly copy and put it on your city, but instead think: how can I adapt the Nordic model to our city and how our city works and our city’s unique rhythms?””]]></description>
<dc:subject>cities society nordiccountries scandinavia sweden denmark 2019 urban urbanism planning urbanplanning inclusivity inclusion jordanvalentinlane jantelagen jamestaylorfoster copenhagen tromsø stockholm norway</dc:subject>
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    <title>“We Want Democracy to Be Restored”: Protesters in Chile Decry Inequality Amid Military Crackdown | Democracy Now!</title>
    <dc:date>2019-11-07T22:13:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.democracynow.org/2019/10/21/chile_metro_fare_hike_nationwide_protests</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[See also:
https://twitter.com/democracynow/status/1186370318753062913
https://nacla.org/news/2019/10/28/santiago-metro-chile-protests ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>chile 2019 andrachastain history santiago subways publictransit transportation politics protest protests neoliberalism pinochet coup dictatorship 1973 1975 sebastiánpiñera metro inequality gender poverty latinamerica 1949 1957 infrastructure 1960s urban urbanism urbanplanning 1990 salvadorallende planning 1970s policy mobility golpemilitar</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://nacla.org/news/2019/10/28/santiago-metro-chile-protests">
    <title>The Santiago Metro as a Microcosm of Chile | NACLA</title>
    <dc:date>2019-11-07T21:35:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://nacla.org/news/2019/10/28/santiago-metro-chile-protests</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“A history behind Santiago’s subway system and why a fare increase sparked massive protests.”

[See also:
https://twitter.com/democracynow/status/1186370318753062913
https://www.democracynow.org/2019/10/21/chile_metro_fare_hike_nationwide_protests ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>andrachastain 2019 santiago subways publictransit transportation history politics protest protests chile neoliberalism pinochet coup dictatorship 1973 1975 sebastiánpiñera metro inequality gender poverty latinamerica 1949 1957 infrastructure 1960s urban urbanism urbanplanning 1990 oscarguillermogarretón salvadorallende planning 1970s policy mobility golpemilitar</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/atroyn/status/1014974099930714115?lang=en">
    <title>anton on Twitter: &quot;Things that happen in Silicon Valley and also the Soviet Union: - waiting years to receive a car you ordered, to find that it's of poor workmanship and quality - promises of colonizing the solar system while you toil in drudgery day in,</title>
    <dc:date>2019-05-05T01:52:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/atroyn/status/1014974099930714115?lang=en</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Things that happen in Silicon Valley and also the Soviet Union:

- waiting years to receive a car you ordered, to find that it's of poor workmanship and quality

- promises of colonizing the solar system while you toil in drudgery day in, day out

- living five adults to a two room apartment

- being told you are constructing utopia while the system crumbles around you

- 'totally not illegal taxi' taxis by private citizens moonlighting to make ends meet

- everything slaved to the needs of the military-industrial complex

- mandatory workplace political education

- productivity largely falsified to satisfy appearance of sponsoring elites

- deviation from mainstream narrative carries heavy social and political consequences

- networked computers exist but they're really bad

- Henry Kissinger visits sometimes for some reason

- elite power struggles result in massive collateral damage, sometimes purges

- failures are bizarrely upheld as triumphs

- otherwise extremely intelligent people just turning the crank because it's the only way to get ahead

- the plight of the working class is discussed mainly by people who do no work

- the United States as a whole is depicted as evil by default

- the currency most people are talking about is fake and worthless

- the economy is centrally planned, using opaque algorithms not fully understood by their users"]]></description>
<dc:subject>siliconvalley sovietunion tesla uber lyft us 2018 antontroynikov russia space utopia society propaganda labor work housing politics social elitism collateraldamage militaryindustrialcomplex evil currency fake economics economy planning algorithms mainstream computing henrykissinger</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://lithub.com/rebecca-solnit-when-the-hero-is-the-problem/">
    <title>Rebecca Solnit: When the Hero is the Problem | Literary Hub</title>
    <dc:date>2019-04-24T18:14:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://lithub.com/rebecca-solnit-when-the-hero-is-the-problem/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Positive social change results mostly from connecting more deeply to the people around you than rising above them, from coordinated rather than solo action. Among the virtues that matter are those traditionally considered feminine rather than masculine, more nerd than jock: listening, respect, patience, negotiation, strategic planning, storytelling. But we like our lone and exceptional heroes, and the drama of violence and virtue of muscle, or at least that’s what we get, over and over, and in the course of getting them we don’t get much of a picture of how change happens and what our role in it might be, or how ordinary people matter. “Unhappy the land that needs heroes” is a line of Bertold Brecht’s I’ve gone to dozens of times, but now I’m more inclined to think, pity the land that thinks it needs a hero, or doesn’t know it has lots and what they look like."

…

"William James said of the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, “Surely the cutting edge of all our usual misfortunes comes from their character of loneliness.” That is, if I lose my home, I’m cast out among those who remain comfortable, but if we all lose our homes in the earthquake, we’re in this together. One of my favorite sentences from a 1906 survivor is this: “Then when the dynamite explosions were making the night noisy and keeping everybody awake and anxious, the girls or some of the refugees would start playing the piano, and Billy Delaney and other folks would start singing; so that the place became quite homey and sociable, considering it was on the sidewalk, outside the high school, and the town all around it was on fire.”

I don’t know what Billy Delaney or the girls sang, or what stories the oat gatherers Le Guin writes about might have told. But I do have a metaphor, which is itself a kind of carrier bag and metaphor literally means to carry something beyond, carrying being the basic thing language does, language being great nets we weave to hold meaning. Jonathan Jones, an indigenous Wiradjuri/Kamilaroi Australian artist, has an installation—a great infinity-loop figure eight of feathered objects on a curving wall in the Asia-Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art in Brisbane that mimics a murmuration, one of those great flocks of birds in flight that seems to swell and contract and shift as the myriad individual creatures climb and bank and turn together, not crashing into each other, not drifting apart.

From a distance Jones’s objects look like birds; up close they are traditional tools of stick and stone with feathers attached, tools of making taking flight. The feathers were given to him by hundreds who responded to the call he put out, a murmuration of gatherers. “I’m interested in this idea of collective thinking,” he told a journalist. “How the formation of really beautiful patterns and arrangements in the sky can help us potentially start to understand how we exist in this country, how we operate together, how we can all call ourselves Australians. That we all have our own little ideas which can somehow come together to make something bigger.”

What are human murmurations, I wondered? They are, speaking of choruses, in Horton Hears a Who, the tiny Whos of Whoville, who find that if every last one of them raises their voice, they become loud enough to save their home. They are a million and a half young people across the globe on March 15 protesting climate change, coalitions led by Native people holding back fossil fuel pipelines across Canada, the lawyers and others who converged on airports all over the US on January 29, 2017, to protest the Muslim ban.

They are the hundreds who turned out in Victoria, BC, to protect a mosque there during Friday prayers the week after the shooting in Christchurch, New Zealand. My cousin Jessica was one of them, and she wrote about how deeply moving it was for her, “At the end, when prayers were over, and the mosque was emptying onto the street, if felt like a wedding, a celebration of love and joy. We all shook hands and hugged and spoke kindly to each other—Muslim, Jew, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist, atheist…” We don’t have enough art to make us see and prize these human murmurations even when they are all around us, even when they are doing the most important work on earth."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/12/kid-friendly-policy-tirana-urban-planning/578164/">
    <title>Tirana: Transforming a City by Kid-Friendly Urban Policy - CityLab</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-27T03:36:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/12/kid-friendly-policy-tirana-urban-planning/578164/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The ambitious mayor of Tirana, Albania, is selling a wary constituency on economic transformation by putting kids at the forefront of his agenda."

…

"Tirana’s main children’s playground fits so neatly in the Albanian capital’s central Grand Park, it feels as if the playground’s wooded ridge has organically sprouted terracotta-colored climbing frames, swings, and crawl spaces. Children of all ages play under its tree canopy, the sound of their parents’ and grandparents’ chatter, knitting needles, and dominoes clacking from the surrounding benches.

More than simply a charming space, the playground is the spearhead of a grand plan to refashion Albania’s capital city as a more walkable, more sustainable, less car-dependent city—specifically by placing the needs of the city’s youngest citizens at its forefront. Its creation also sparked one of the most intense urban debates in Albania’s recent history, one that reveals the highly specific growing pains the country has endured since the fall of communism in 1991.

The Grand Park playground, the largest of its type in eastern Europe, was the first site chosen for a child-friendly overhaul by Tirana’s center-left mayor Erion Veliaj, who was elected in 2015. The playground became a flagship for a municipal scheme that has since seen 33 more playgrounds installed across the city, with more on the way.

This focus on both children’s needs and reclaiming public space runs like a seam through Veliaj’s attempts to refashion Tirana as a greener, denser, and less car-dependent city. When Veliaj’s administration wanted to kick-start the pedestrianization of Skanderbeg Square, Tirana’s central plaza, he staged monthly car-free days when parents were actively encouraged to bring their children to cycle. When the city recently launched a central cycle lane grid—one that easily surpasses equivalents in American cities of similar size—the municipality also created special days when cyclists as young as three years old could cycle there in convoy, supervised by adults. And when the city sought to encourage more healthy eating, it started by revising kindergarten menus to make them healthier, sending local chefs into elementary schools to provide education about produce and cooking.

Focusing on the young makes sense in a very young city—Tirana’s average age is 27 to 28. There’s more, however. As Mayor Veliaj told Citylab’s General Manager Rob Bole during a discussion at this summer’s reSITE conference in Prague, children are like “revolutionaries in the household,” capable of influencing their parents far more strongly than a politician ever could.

There might seem to be an eccentric strain to the idea of transforming a city from toddler height upwards, and using children as sleeper agents to promote  sustainability, but it is in keeping with UNICEF’s efforts to position child-friendly urban development as a cornerstone of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Albanian capital is thus part of a growing global wave that sees urban children’s well-being as a way of unpicking a broader knot of issues.

Such an approach is particularly effective, says Sam Williams, initiator and co-author of the Arup study “Cities Alive: Designing for Urban Childhoods,” because good child-friendly development does not isolate the young, but integrates them more seamlessly into their wider communities.

“Unfortunately for them, children are a great indicator species for urban problems, because they are more vulnerable to traffic pollution, to car accidents,” Williams told CityLab. “They have less range because they have shorter legs. They don't have money or income and they can't drive.

“By designing well for children, what you're really doing is designing well for the most vulnerable in society, whether that's the elderly or disabled, or the less wealthy. It's a very equitable approach to design that can fall by the wayside if you focus is on getting 30-year-old commuters from A to B as quickly as possible.”

This is grand rhetoric to attach to a playground development plan, but these playgrounds do more than provide more community space. Following years of (not yet dispelled) mistrust of officialdom in the immediate post-communist period, the municipality is using a child-first approach to urban management as a shop window for its political message that government can indeed be trusted.

The transformation of Skanderbeg Square is emblematic of this. A huge space lined with a collection of monumental communist-era institutions and saffron-colored, Italianate buildings from the interwar period, the square was almost entirely car-free under communism—because private cars themselves were so rare during the period. In the post-communist era as congestion gradually increased, Skanderbeg Square’s fate became a battleground between rival city administrations: One mayor’s total pedestrianization plan from 2010 was cancelled by his successor, who had the space remodelled as an island surrounded by a carousel of traffic—an arrangement that, as of December 2018, is still visible on Google Street View.

When elected in 2015, Mayor Veliaj revived his predecessor’s total pedestrianization plan. This time, in order to help win the public relations battle, his administration appealed to the public by emphasizing the space’s role as a facility for young people, and by using occasional car-free days as an advertising campaign to turn the whole area into a child-friendly strolling area and play space.

Veliaj describes the reaction: “Kids came with their bikes and rollerblades and were very happy. Their parents, however, hated me. They said, ‘He was such a nice guy during the election campaign, and now he wants to take the cars away!’ But with kids, it’s very different. They don’t have dogma or ideology. The kids loved it and said, ‘Mr. Mayor can we do it one more time?’ Then, when they went home, they’d convert their parents.”

These car-free days became monthly fixtures until residents came to expect and rely on them, a reaction that helped smooth Skanderbeg Square’s transition to its now remodelled, permanently car-free state. The effect of the makeover is subtle, but dramatic. The square’s paved heart now slopes gently upwards to a sort of flattened hump, transforming the square into a stage that places pedestrians at its center. As the sun cools, children kick footballs around on a sunken lawn that, so far, seems to be bearing up well under the pressure of their feet. And it’s doubly popular because it doesn’t cost anything, says a young woman called Anita, (who preferred not to give her last name), who I find hanging out with teenage friends next to the square’s temporary beach volleyball courts. “There aren’t many places for us to spend time in the city without paying something,” she tells me. “Here there is always something happening and all we need is the bus fare to come.”

Tirana’s child-first reforms are also reclaiming formerly public plots of land that have been taken over for private uses such as garages and parking in the immediate post-communist years.

With central planning control largely removed during Albania’s semi-lawless 1990s, Tirana’s apartment buildings started to bulge with informal extensions, and self-built houses started to sprawl across farmland. Many formerly public courtyards and open spaces were encroached upon for private uses, such as garages, parking lots, small sheds—and in a few rare cases, even tower blocks. By clearing away these illegal occupations, the city restored the spaces to common use.

“Ours is a fundamentally Mediterranean culture,” says Veliaj, “where a lot of social life takes place outside in the afternoons and evenings. But if public spaces have been taken over by private owners, if sidewalks aren’t wide enough or cars are rushing by all the time, who is going to want to sit outside breathing in fumes and looking at someone’s garage?”

The need for children’s play space has over the past few decades been met by the same private interests. The city’s huge expansion has left little open space, prompting the private sector to step in with children’s facilities in the form of small playgrounds attached to cafés and bars, where access comes at the price of a drink. This creates an inherent inequality between those children whose parents can afford to access play space and those who cannot.  

“One thing that's come out of our research here is that parents pay for their kids to play,” said Simon Battisti, director of Qendra Marrëdhënie, a Tirana spatial consultancy non-profit working with the city. “There is very little public open space of qood quality, especially on the periphery.

“Time after time, parents we talked to lamented this issue that they had to pay for their kids to play locally—some as much as a quarter of their monthly disposable income to play. Having this little creature that must expend this energy every day. if you don't have a park nearby, the best place to go is the bar. That means that the poorest people, out on the periphery, are currently paying the most.”

Reclaiming public space for both the children and adults of Tirana, and refashioning the city into a greener, denser, and less car-dependent place, has been a slow, deliberate process.

But not everyone immediately embraced the changes. During the construction of the Grand Park playground in 2015, the site saw 78 days of constant protest, and even sabotage of construction equipment. This intensity of feeling partly represents the extremely polarized nature of Albanian politics, but also shows how battered public confidence in the state had become. Some feared a large-scale destruction of the park, one that might enable officials partly to harvest kickbacks to builders and allow the commercial exploitation of garden space in one of the most exclusive areas of the city.

One pro-opposition newspaper accused the city of using the playground as a false front, “a façade, [behind which] the felling of hundreds of trees and the concreting over a large part of the Grand Park will proceed.” This doesn’t seem to have happened, but given Tirana’s recent history of private interests gobbling up public land and widespread corruption, it’s not hard to see why diggers in a public park aroused such suspicion.

And while it is fairly easy to outline how child-friendly policies could both improve young people’s lives and the well-being of a city as a whole, it is less easy to demonstrate that they have. In the past, dependable data that would allow Tirana to assess impact has not been available. This autumn, however, the city is creating a new data package that will allow it to track the conditions of young people and their carers properly. Charting their experience may be the true test of the city’s policies.

If nothing else, Tirana will have leveraged one potent political tool by creating a city of little “revolutionaries”: Children can also be especially persuasive advocates for the sort of sustainable change a rapidly warming world needs. It’s a point underlined by Ruud Schuthof, Deputy Regional Director of global local government sustainability network ICLEI Europe, which nominated Tirana for a Transformative Action Award (whose ultimate winner was announced this November).

“We've seen in various cities that children are good advocates for change, that they also convince their parents to do more,” Schuthof said. “We’re experiencing an urgent call for transformation, for rapid change in all aspects of society. In the end, it's easier to promote a big push like the one we will need if you have worked from a young age on the topic.”"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.progressivecity.net/single-post/2018/08/09/A-RESPONSE-TO-ABOLITIONIST-PLANNING-THERE-IS-NO-ROOM-FOR-%E2%80%98PLANNERS%E2%80%99-IN-THE-MOVEMENT-FOR-ABOLITION">
    <title>A RESPONSE TO ABOLITIONIST PLANNING: THERE IS NO ROOM FOR ‘PLANNERS’ IN THE MOVEMENT FOR ABOLITION | Progressive City | International</title>
    <dc:date>2018-08-10T19:41:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.progressivecity.net/single-post/2018/08/09/A-RESPONSE-TO-ABOLITIONIST-PLANNING-THERE-IS-NO-ROOM-FOR-%E2%80%98PLANNERS%E2%80%99-IN-THE-MOVEMENT-FOR-ABOLITION</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Abolition is a movement that seeks to end prisons, police, and border walls. Why? They are institutions of war built on colonial and capitalist legacies of indigenous, Black, brown, Asian and poor violence. They only produce violence and need to be abolished. The fight for abolition is aside from, and not something that can be fully incorporated into, ‘professional planning’ because planning has been a central conduit of this violence. This is a crucial point not stated in the Abolitionist Planning article; the authors solely focus on our contemporary context of Trump and the role of professional planning in fighting against it. However, the problem is more expansive than the era of Donald Trump. The problem is professional planning as an institution of harm complicit in the making of penal systems, directly or indirectly. In my response to Abolitionist Planning, I want to foreclose the use of abolition as rhetoric for bolstering the institution of planning while also suggesting what limited possibilities ‘professional planning’, an act of disciplining space, can contribute to this movement.

DITCH THE WHITE COLLAR

Abolition is a verb. Another word for abolition is freedom. Freedom is to end violence or unfreedom. If someone is not free we are all not free. Therefore, there is no final plan when it comes to abolition. We know many unfreedoms occur through planning: segregation, fracking, disenfranchisement and slum housing, to name a few. These unfreedoms we take as common-sense inequalities, yet, they are interdependent to the planning of prisons, implementation of police and surveillance through virtual and physical border walls. Cities with budgets, big and small, plan their jails, police and surveillance techniques as connected to how neighborhoods are planned (see Jack Norton's work).

What does this mean for ‘planners’? Here, I am not referring to insurgent planners – those who continuously put freedom into motion to turn the tide of the violence of land extraction and enslavement without a paycheck or job title – but to the ‘planners’ who get degrees and/or compensation from institutions of colonial harm. It means that planners must see how, from the neighborhood block to the jail cell, inequity is unfreedom. It means that ‘planners’ must evade their job titles, offices and practices of resource-hoarding. The Abolitionist Planning piece suggests that planners have a role if they become more inclusive in their practice and eliminate racial liberalism. However, inclusivity continues to put the power in the ‘planners’ hand.  What we end up doing is suggesting that professional planning work is participatory, meaning we invite people without the paycheck or title of planners to plan with us. If liberal, we ask participants to tell us what to do only to use a part of it, and if conservative, we have them fill out a survey. Neither of these approaches of incorporation help; rather, they exacerbate the frustrations of those whose lives depend on the outcomes of such professional planning. Thus, participation disciplines and maintains forms of harm and stifles resistance.

To this point, let me turn to the limited capacity ‘planners’ have. The seemingly social justice orientation of social justice ‘planners’ has many tenets. Nonetheless, social justice planners often have full time jobs working at a not-for-profit organization, being the community relations personnel for a business improvement district, or worse, contributing to municipal economic development departments, which in most cases are servicing developers. Most of these jobs do one thing: they contribute to moderate or reformist solutions.  Yet, reformist solutions keep institutions of oppression intact, they do not transform them. For example, let us think about Skid Row, Los Angeles, a social service hub that serves homeless and poor downtown Angelinos. The implementation of a Homeless Reduction Strategy or Safer Cities Initiative in 2006 led to mass incarceration of these residents where within the first two years Los Angeles Police Department conducted 19,000 arrests, 24,000 citation issuances as well as the incarceration of 2,000 residents, and the dismantling of 2,800 self-made housing (see Gary Blasi and Forrest Stuart).

Edward Jones and other plaintiffs won a class action lawsuit against these examples of the criminalization of the homeless. The settlement resulted in a reform: policing homelessness did not occur through homeless sleeping hours. In addition, police received diversity training. This did not limit policing. Similar rates of incarceration occurred. Here, state reforms that support gentrification continue policing the homeless. Instead we must aim to produce what Ruth Wilson Gilmore calls non-reformist reforms, reforms that transform institutions to produce life-fulfilling alternatives rather than harm. Out of the Jones settlement, a non-reformist reform occurred: the city was mandated to build 1,300 single room occupancy units to house the nearly 1,500 to 2,500 homeless people in Skid Row.

This reoriented public discourse, revealing that policing the homeless was not about housing them. Furthermore, it led to abolitionist vision to “House Keys Not Handcuffs”. If the job leaves little room for What Abolitionists Do, ‘planners’ must ditch the white collar. Here, we can actively engage and contribute to movements outside of our job title as ‘planners’.  In a history and theory of planning class I taught, I asked my students: ‘what are you willing to do on your Saturdays if your planning job is not contributing to change?’ We must realize and encourage an off-the-books approach or informal participation in radical movements that are not attached to promoting careers.

THE HELL WITH TRAINING

Students become ‘planners’ through planning education. These departments often have students do studio work for a non-profit or a for-profit organization. I will not belabor the point about divesting from profit-making/resource-hoarding organizations; however, non-profits are an important location of concern. They are often where planners send their planning kids to work, but they are a form of professionalization.  As INCITE!’s The Revolution will not be Funded has described, not-for-profit organizations have been created out of the 1960s revolutionary movements with government and foundation funding to control such movements and quell dissent. Nonetheless, we send our ‘planning’ students to non-profit jobs which make reformist changes. Our students then think that they are contributing to the solution. In some cases, they are. In the case of abolition, many are not. Is it the students’ fault? No. It is often that students are pushing up against curriculum in the white planning profession. The larger problem is the field of professional planning which is complacent in the reproduction of institutional violence.

Adding to this point, we can divert from training students and ourselves from perpetuating institutional harm by changing the curriculum and strategy of professional planning. For starters, stop centering the legacy of dead white planners who have been a tool of colonization. The work of the late Clyde Woods on regional and local planning in Mississippi and New Orleans should be assigned in the first week of our theory and history courses rather than listed as suggested readings or not even on the syllabus.  As well, collective syllabi like Prison Abolition Syllabus should be adopted. Most importantly, let us teach our students how to subvert the limitations of professional planning.  adrienne maree brown’s groundbreaking book Emergent Strategy may be a technique of pedagogy.  Upset at the limited possibilities for change as an executive director of a non-profit, Brown synthesized a framework of planning that emanates out of the work of Black queer scientific fiction writer, Octavia Butler. In her work, Brown suggests that the way change occurs is through our active reworking of barriers: grant deadlines and protocols, limited policies and strictures of organizing. She asks us to experiment within and outside of institutions and organizations to change them. Let’s read and teach Octavia Butler as well as adrienne maree brown (in that order) so that we can de-professionalize to organize. This will give students strategies of circumnavigating thick institutions that perpetuate harm. I believe more training in this way may lead to students’ ability to produce abolitionist, non-reformist reforms through organizing within organizations that would otherwise maintain institutions of harm. This is already happening.  Students writing the Abolitionist Planning guide and the Hindsight planning conference that took place in New York  which spotlighted women of color in planning, are steps in that direction. However, most of these approaches continue to hone in on incorporation – inviting the language of abolition, blackness, brownness, or indigenous knowledge. They don’t contribute to them.  However, in order to be a part of liberating movements, we must build those movements, not incorporate them to build the profession of planning.

Abolition is not, nor ever will be, about ‘planners’.  It never has been.  Instead, it is about practitioners of freedom dreams that occur outside of planning education and profession. Contributing to these movements and redistributing resources to them is a step in what ‘planners’ can do."]]></description>
<dc:subject>abolition deshonaydozier via:javierarbona 2018 planning edwardjones policing homeless homelessness ruthwilsongilmore reform jacknorton borders capitalism colonialism donaltrump professionalization unfreedoms freedom liberation planners race racism liberalism socialjustice skidrow losangeles garyblasi forreststuart</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nrpa.org/parks-recreation-magazine/2018/august/engaging-children-in-the-park-planning-process/">
    <title>Engaging Children in the Park Planning Process | Health and Wellness | Parks and Recreation Magazine | NRPA</title>
    <dc:date>2018-08-10T19:09:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nrpa.org/parks-recreation-magazine/2018/august/engaging-children-in-the-park-planning-process/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In planning and designing new facilities, park and recreation agencies typically seek public input through a meeting or a series of meetings. Having hosted and participated in many such meetings as a park planner, I believe they may not be the most effective way to obtain input that reflects all segments of communities and their diverse viewpoints. Children (under 18 years of age), for example, are often underrepresented or not represented at all. This is certainly alarming but not entirely surprising, considering that the formal or rigid nature of most public meetings can intimidate and discourage kids of all ages from openly sharing their ideas and thoughts.

Given that children are key park users and parks contribute significantly to their development and quality of life, we must be intentional and creative in how we engage them in the planning and design of parks. An important lesson I have learned over the years is that children have much to say about parks and have valuable insights to contribute. The challenge then is for us to engage them in ways that encourage and empower them to share their ideas and to actively participate in existing and future planning and design processes.

Voting for Park Features and Activities
Many kids today are tech savvy and most have their own smartphones. One way to effectively engage them is to have an activity during a community meeting that allows them to vote for their favorite park features (like a basketball court) and recreational activities (like skateboarding). This may be done using special mobile devices or smartphones, with participants being shown images of various park features and activities, and then being able to select the ones that appeal to them the most.

This approach was part of the process used to develop the Puente Hills Landfill Park Master Plan, which involves the conversion of the nation’s second-largest landfill into a regional park. Voting using sticker dots was also done on a large scale for the Los Angeles Countywide Parks and Recreation Needs Assessment as children and adults voted for their top 10 park projects in communities across the county. Although this method might be more old school, it was still a good way to determine a community’s park priorities.

Drawing and Building Dream Parks 
The traditional public meeting tends to be dominated by a few loud voices, eager to share their opinions with everyone. To truly engage kids, meetings need to be more fun and interactive. Providing art supplies and allowing younger children to draw their favorite dream or ideal park is one way to do this. This type of activity not only encourages them to be creative and share their ideas visually, but it also helps parents to more freely participate in the meeting without having to worry about their children. For the Master Plan for Sustainable Parks and Recreation planning process, time was set aside toward the end of meetings for children to present their drawings. This helped to create an overall hopeful and positive feeling for all participants. Yet another way to engage kids is to provide them with toy blocks and other random materials they can use to build model parks. For example, planner and artist James Rojas’ interactive planning approach through the use of model building has proven successful in engaging the public, especially kids, and encouraging innovative city-making. Having had first-hand experience in a 
Rojas-led exercise, I know this approach empowers participants by allowing them to shape and share visions in a supportive environment without the fear of providing a wrong answer.

Touring Parks
Sociologist Frederik Polak once said, “The future may well be decided by the images of the future with the greatest power to capture our imaginations and draw us to them, becoming self-fulfilling prophecies.” To enable children to see what is possible, they need to be exposed to a wide variety of park and recreation destinations. This is especially true for kids growing up in underserved communities with very few parks and lacking the means to travel to places outside of their immediate neighborhoods. As part of our various planning efforts, we organized tours for children to visit and experience parks in other areas. For example, during the Belvedere Skate Park’s design process, our department took young East Los Angeles skateboarders on a tour of various skateparks to see which design features they would like at their own skatepark. Also, for the Puente Hills Landfill Park Master Plan, many youths participated in an organized hike to the top of the landfill so they could experience what it would be like to have a regional park there in the future.

Visiting Schools 
In addition to hosting meetings with activities that engage children and offering tours of parks, it is also important to visit children where they are and where they spend most of their time — at their schools. This requires coordination with and the cooperation of local school districts and/or principals, but it is well worth the effort. As part of the Florence-Firestone Community Parks and Recreation Plan, a middle school allowed us time to conduct a survey of its students to better understand their needs and preferences with respect to park and recreation programs. We also asked the students to illustrate their ideal park and came away with some wonderful pieces of art that were incorporated into the plan.

To meet the growing and diverse needs of communities, park and recreation agencies must effectively reach out to and collaborate with existing and future park users in the planning and design of recreational facilities. We must plan and design parks with, rather than for, children."]]></description>
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    <title>LA 2028 Olympics: Lessons from the 1984 summer games - Curbed LA</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-27T20:08:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://la.curbed.com/2018/7/19/17548932/la-olympics-1984-2028-summer-games</link>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/">
    <title>How He's Using His Gifts | Akilah S. Richards [Episode 12]</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-12T18:12:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We explore…gifted students, twice exceptional students, educators who shift from traditional to self-directed education, civic connections, the truth about college, and giving black and brown children more access.

Anthony Galloway wasn’t willing to be another cog in the system.

He’s a smart, twenty-something year old African-American man who chose to go into the field of education. He came up through the system, and learned how to excel in it. He also knew that he wanted to be part of the change in public education that allowed children of color access to the same resources and opportunities as children in white schools or private ones.

Anthony co-founded an Agile Learning Center, now facilitated by both him and long-time educator, Julia Cordero. I think you’re gonna find this discussion interesting because Anthony’s an educator who saw the school system for what it was and is, and started his own school to create something better."]]></description>
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    <title>Cory Doctorow: Things that happen in Silicon Valley and also the...</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-07T23:30:24+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Anton Troynikov: [https://twitter.com/atroyn/status/1014974099930714115 ]

• Waiting years to receive a car you ordered, to find that it’s of poor workmanship and quality.
• Promises of colonizing the solar system while you toil in drudgery day in, day out.
• Living five adults to a two room apartment.
• Being told you are constructing utopia while the system crumbles around you.
• ‘Totally not illegal taxi’ taxis by private citizens moonlighting to make ends meet.
• Everything slaved to the needs of the military-industrial complex.
• Mandatory workplace political education.
• Productivity largely falsified to satisfy appearance of sponsoring elites.
• Deviation from mainstream narrative carries heavy social and political consequences.
• Networked computers exist but they’re really bad.
• Henry Kissinger visits sometimes for some reason.
• Elite power struggles result in massive collateral damage, sometimes purges.
• Failures are bizarrely upheld as triumphs.
• Otherwise extremely intelligent people just turning the crank because it’s the only way to get ahead.
• The plight of the working class is discussed mainly by people who do no work.
• The United States as a whole is depicted as evil by default.
• The currency most people are talking about is fake and worthless.
• The economy is centrally planned, using opaque algorithms not fully understood by their users."]]></description>
<dc:subject>ussr russia economics siliconvalley disruption politics indoctrination centralization policy 2018 currency planning conformity conformism drudgery work labor humor tesla elonmusk jeffbezos wageslavery failure henrykissinger us government governance ideology experience class collateraldamage elitism antontroynikov consequences space utopia workmanship quality accountability productivity falsification workplace colonization</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.14318/hau7.3.020">
    <title>How to build a book: Notes from an editorial bricoleuse | HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory: Vol 7, No 3</title>
    <dc:date>2017-12-24T19:44:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.14318/hau7.3.020</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This piece offers an editor’s reflections on the ethos and craft of writing. General suggestions, words of encouragement, and detailed tips emerge through a discussion of unexpected affinities between writing and building. An annotated list of further readings accompanies the text.

Ce texte offre les réflexions d’une éditrice sur l’ethos et l’art de l’écriture. Des suggestions générales, des encouragements, et quelques conseils précis se dégagent d’une discussion sur les affinités inattendues entre l’écriture et la construction. Une liste annotée de lectures complémentaires accompagne ce texte."

…

"The inevitable risk in writing a document like this one is that authors will interpret my advice as an example of editorial fascism that is appeased only when others subsume their ambition to conformity. I would hate for that to be the lesson of this meditation (which is, in itself, something of an oddity).

Times change, architectural styles go through inevitable change and recombination, and books change too. No intelligent person would demand that every room conform perfectly to a single model or that every book do the same. Variation is one cornerstone of beauty. So, please, surprise me. But do so from a position of intimate understanding. Mastery of tradition, in writing as in other crafts, is the first condition for innovation."

[via: https://twitter.com/npseaver/status/944918352773951494

"Some nice, not obvious advice in this piece on writing academic books (aimed at anthro, but more broadly relevant), from @priyasnelson: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.14318/hau7.3.020 … (I especially like the “finding the center” metaphor.)

Not that anthropologists are unique snowflakes, but I wish we had more writing advice like this aimed at us particularly: we have some particular strengths and weaknesses that generic academic writing advice doesn’t appreciate."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>writing editing craft 2017 priyanelson variation conformity innovation citation anthropology srg neologisms socialsciences academia revision publishing serendipity details planning</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.ted.com/talks/gautam_bhan_a_bold_plan_to_house_100_million_people">
    <title>Gautam Bhan: A bold plan to house 100 million people | TED Talk | TED.com</title>
    <dc:date>2017-12-13T06:25:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ted.com/talks/gautam_bhan_a_bold_plan_to_house_100_million_people</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata -- all the major cities across India have one great thing in common: they welcome people arriving in search of work. But what lies at the other end of such openness and acceptance? Sadly, a shortage of housing for an estimated 100 million people, many of whom end up living in informal settlements. Gautam Bhan, a human settlement expert and researcher, is boldly reimagining a solution to this problem. He shares a new vision of urban India where everyone has a safe, sturdy home. (In Hindi with English subtitles)"

[via: "lovely @GautamBhan80's short, succinct explanation of our cities' relationship with informal housing deserves whatsapp virality"
https://twitter.com/supriyan/status/940453565276987394 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>urbanization urban urbanism housing slums settlements india gautambhan 2017 eviction land property homes place cities urbanplanning planning thailand informal inequality growth squatting class</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzEcVEFdIHs">
    <title>Ephemeral Urbanism: Cities in Constant Flux - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2017-10-22T18:07:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzEcVEFdIHs</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Venice Biennale 2016
Ephemeral Urbanism: Cities in Constant Flux
Curated by Rahul Mehrotra & Felipe Vera. Videos by Henry Bauer and Cristian Pino Anguita"

[via: http://www.e-flux.com/announcements/160249/does-permanence-matter-ephemeral-urbanism/ ]

[See also:
http://rmaarchitects.com/2016/12/ephemeral-urbanism-cities-in-constant-flux/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzEcVEFdIHs
https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/asset/ephemeral-urbanism-cities-in-constant-flux/YQGjBZW9nfwXmQ
https://www.domusweb.it/en/interviews/2016/08/10/nothing_is_forever_nothing_is_sacred_.html
https://vimeo.com/168404189
https://www.amazon.com/Ephemeral-Urbanism-Rahul-Mehrotra/dp/9569571217

Rahul Mehrotra
http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/person/rahul-mehrotra/
https://harvardmagazine.com/2012/05/designs-for-a-new-india
https://medium.com/design-manifestos/design-manifestos-rahul-mehrotra-of-rma-architects-437d4c777b8f
http://rmaarchitects.com/rahul-mehrotra/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahul_Mehrotra
http://rmaarchitects.com/
https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/17/a-conversation-with-urban-planner-rahul-mehrotra/
http://southasiainstitute.harvard.edu/website/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Kumbh-GSD-Proposal.pdf
https://escholarship.org/content/qt18f9p6np/qt18f9p6np.pdf

Felipe Vera
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD6V3TouKlM
https://twitter.com/felipevera_
http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/person/felipe-vera/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theatlantic.com/amp/article/497306/">
    <title>Finnish Teachers Opt for Less Structured Start of School Year - The Atlantic</title>
    <dc:date>2017-08-10T04:09:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theatlantic.com/amp/article/497306/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Honestly, I doubted whether I would ever survive at a Finnish school, given the high-performing kids and the well-trained teachers, but my confidence lifted when I recalled one area of preparation I had received in the U.S.: how to begin the school year. When I packed my luggage for our move to Helsinki in 2013, I made sure to bring my trusty college textbook, The First Days of School.

“Your success during the school year,” wrote Harry and Rosemary Wong in this classic American teaching guide, “will be determined by what you do on the first days of school.” In my copy of the book, I had written an enthusiastic “true!” in the margins and circled this sentence in pencil. “You must have everything ready and organized when school begins,” advised the authors.

Like many American teachers I had known, I had taken this philosophy to heart—to such an extent that I had been in the habit of crafting detailed, minute-by-minute lesson plans for the first few days of school since my first year of teaching in Massachusetts. These plans were mostly centered on teaching my elementary-school students important procedures and routines, such as those for fetching paper and visiting the restroom. So, in an effort to make “everything ready and organized” for that big, first day of school in Finland, I did what I had always done as a teacher in America: I spent summer days filling my planner and arranging my classroom.

But in Finland, when that first week of school arrived, I noticed something odd. Many of my Finnish colleagues hadn’t visited their classrooms all summer long. The day before school began, I met one young teacher who admitted she was still deciding what to do that week. I was a little shocked. To my American eyes, my highly trained Finnish colleagues didn’t look particularly ready or organized for the first days of school. They seemed naively laid-back. Meanwhile, I felt incredibly stressed, as I strived to teach the textbook-perfect way.

During one of my tightly scripted lessons that week, I told my Helsinki fifth-graders we would practice the routine of walking in a quiet, straight line—and, immediately, I heard groans. Apparently, my Finnish students had been navigating the hallways on their own since they were first-graders, and my plan irked them. Embarrassed, I ditched this task and quickly moved on to another activity. I had entered that school year thinking that, as long as I controlled the clock and the physical environment, everything would turn out fine in my classroom. But my Finnish colleagues and students challenged this notion. They seemed to prefer to keep things a little loose at the beginning of the year. To understand this philosophy better, I recently spoke with a handful of Finnish teachers, all of whom had never been taught the “right” way to begin a school year.

“I think it's important to have a ‘soft start’ in order to let the school routines and procedures gently grow into the kids,” said Johanna Hopia, a classroom teacher at Martti Ahtisaari Elementary School in Kuopio, Finland. In Hopia’s classroom, the first days are usually spent discussing summer vacation, playing games, and exercising together. During this time, she neither hands out textbooks nor assigns homework. Jere Linnanen, a history teacher at Helsinki’s Maunula Comprehensive School, prefers that his students have “an organic process” of returning to school. “I want to start the school with as little stress as possible,” Linnanen said, “both for myself and my students.” This August, he and his colleagues took four groups of ninth-graders to a nearby park, where they chatted, danced improvisationally, and played Pokémon Go. Linnanen described the first couple of school days as ryhmäyttäminen, which literally translates as “grouping” but means something similar to the English term “team-building.”

At my Helsinki public school, I found a similar policy, where teachers and students started with a half-day and a regular class schedule didn’t start until the following week. Even at the high-school level in Finland, it’s “very common” for students not to have regular classes on their first day back, according to Taru Pohtola, a foreign-language teacher at Vantaa’s Martinlaakso High School. At Pohtola’s school, freshmen get an extra day to settle into the new school environment. “We want them to feel more at home at their new school before the real work begins,” she said.

Many of the Finnish educators I spoke with recognized that classroom structure, which typically stems from establishing rules, routines, and procedures, is valuable, but they emphasized the importance of fostering a welcoming, low-stress learning environment first. A similar sentiment is found in Finland’s newest curriculum framework for basic education: “Learning is supported by a peaceful and friendly working atmosphere and a calm, peaceful mood.”

According to Paul Tough, an Atlantic contributor and the author of the new book Helping Children Succeed, establishing a school environment—“where [students] feel a sense of belonging, independence, and growth”—helps children to develop key noncognitive abilities, such as resilience, perseverance, and self-control. Tough calls this a “different paradigm,” but one that more accurately represents what happens in today’s successful classrooms: “Teachers create a certain climate, students behave differently in response to that climate, and those new behaviors lead to success.” One of the most compelling findings of researchers, according to Tough, “is that for most children, the environmental factors that matter most have less to do with the buildings they live in than with the relationships they experience—the way the adults in their lives interact with them, especially in times of stress.”

During my first days of teaching in Finland, I led my fifth-graders to one of our school’s gymnasiums for structured, group games during their only recess blocks. I had picked the activities; they followed my rules. But this routine quickly grew boring, mostly because I ran out of fun games to introduce. Thankfully, one of my Finnish students suggested that we play “Kick the Can,” as it was something that my class had played with their fourth-grade teacher. I agreed, and the little blond boy returned with an empty plastic soda bottle.

For the next few weeks of school, I played Kick the Can with my Helsinki fifth-graders, at least once every day. Actually, it was the only group game they wanted to play with me. Moreover, they wanted me to be “it” every time, which meant that I’d count to 20, they’d hide, and I’d try to find them. Every time I’d spot my fifth-graders and call out their names, we’d link arms, creating an amoeba-like force. If I caught every one of my students, I’d win, but alas, that never happened because a sneaky fifth-grader would inevitably kick over the soda bottle (with a triumphant shout), freeing all of my prisoners.

Through our wild rounds of Kick the Can, I saw that the most valuable thing I could do during those early days of school was relax—like my laid-back Finnish colleagues—and simply enjoy relationships with my students."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/how-nearly-zero-carbon-conference-can-be-better-conference">
    <title>How a (nearly) zero-carbon conference can be a better conference | University of California</title>
    <dc:date>2017-07-19T22:59:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/how-nearly-zero-carbon-conference-can-be-better-conference</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A conference wrapped up recently at UC Santa Barbara, but this was not a typical academic conference. There was no mess to clean up at the end: no coffee-stained tablecloths and muffin crumbs. The attendees were from campuses all across California, but no one had to rush to catch a flight home. The cost of the conference: essentially free. The carbon footprint of the conference: nearly zero.

John Foran, professor of Sociology and Environmental Studies at UC Santa Barbara, was part of the team that put on the recent UC-CSU Knowledge Action Network Conference as part of UC’s Carbon Neutrality Initiative.

Given the topic of the conference — developing resources for teaching sustainability, climate change, climate justice and climate neutrality to all California students from kindergarten through college — the idea of having people fly in, and contribute greenhouse gases in the process, seemed sadly ironic, if not "morally bankrupt," in Foran's words.

In fact, air travel to conferences, talks and meetings accounts for about a third of the carbon footprint for a typical university. For many professors who travel to multiple conferences and meetings per year, air travel can easily make up over half of their annual carbon footprint.

“Knowing what we know now, it’s just not responsible to fly to conferences all over the world,” said Foran.

For universities concerned about trying to reduce — or even eliminate — their carbon footprints, the problem of air travel is especially acute. Both the carbon footprint and the cost of air travel and honoraria have pushed many institutions to support virtual meetings, but traditional teleconferencing has proved a largely unsatisfying alternative. Dropped connections, inadequate bandwidth and other technological issues have made live video conferences a poor substitute for in-person attendance."

[See also: http://www.news.ucsb.edu/2016/016796/more-conference-less-carbon ]

[See also: http://ehc.english.ucsb.edu/?page_id=16797/

"UC-CSU KAN Conference
a nearly carbon-neutral conference

Interested in staging a nearly carbon-neutral (NCN) conference? For the rationale behind this approach & details on how to coordinate such events, see our White Paper / Practical Guide.
[http://hiltner.english.ucsb.edu/index.php/ncnc-guide/ ]

“Building a UC/CSU Climate Knowledge Action Network”
Spring 2017 Nearly Carbon-Neutral Conference

The UC-CSU Knowledge Action Network
for
Transformative Climate and Sustainability Education and Action

…

Welcome!

We are delighted to host this virtual space and welcome you to our community – We’re all in for an adventure, if this goes as we hope!  This conference opened on Monday, June 12, 2017, and we now invite all participants to please view and comment on the talks for the next three weeks! On Monday, July 3, the conference and the Q&A will close.  After that, the website will remain open to the public and continue to invite participation in the building of this Knowledge Action Network.

 Guiding Principles

We affirm the essential roles social scientists, humanists, educators, and arts and culture play in advancing transformative climate action. We affirm the roles of California faculty in supporting younger generations to act on climate and in reaching beyond the campus to engage various publics to accelerate the shifts. We affirm the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 4.7:  “To ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable development.”

Purpose

Over the course of the 2016-17 academic year, a network of 32 University of California and California State University teachers has been building a Knowledge Action Network (KAN) around issues of teaching sustainability, climate change, climate justice, and climate neutrality to all California students, from kindergarten to the graduate university level.

The purpose of this knowledge action network is to begin to take the steps necessary to provide California educators a collaborative framework to facilitate highly integrative sustainability and climate education and action. The KAN will accelerate California educators’ abilities to offer climate neutrality, climate change, climate justice,[1] and sustainability education to all Californian students in ways that are culturally contextualized, responsive and sustaining, as well as actionable and relevant to their futures. The network will also enable California educators to engage across and beyond our educational institutions for transformative climate action over time.
Process

In the spring of 2017, we came together in four regional workshops, and spent one and a half days together at each site getting to know each other, identifying the current state of climate change and climate justice education in California, envisioning what we hope to see in the future, and then beginning to identify ways to get there.  In doing so, we explored the facilitation process of “emergent strategy,” based on the book by Adrienne Maree Brown, Emergent Strategy:  Shaping Change, Changing Worlds.

The present “nearly carbon-neutral conference” is the next step in that process.  Each participant was asked to make a video of approximately fifteen minutes on one of the following themes:

Option 1: 

What is one of your best practices in teaching climate change, climate justice, carbon neutrality/greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and/or sustainability in a culturally responsive and sustaining way?

What makes it work?

How does/can it scale?

[If appropriate] What obstacles and barriers have you encountered?  Where are you stuck?  What would you need to go forward?

Option 2: 

What vision, proposal, or idea do you have for achieving the goals of the KAN in teaching climate change, climate justice, carbon neutrality/greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and/or sustainability in a culturally responsive and sustaining way?

What is exciting about it?

How does/can it scale?

[If appropriate] What obstacles and barriers have you already or might you encounter?  Where are you stuck?  What would you need or what would need to happen to make it a reality?

Format

This conference was unusual because of its format, as we took a digital approach. Because the conference talks and Q&A sessions reside on this website (the talks are prerecorded; the Q&As interactive), travel was unnecessary. By 2050, the aviation sector could consume as much as 27% of the global carbon budget (more). We need to immediately take steps to keep this from happening. This conference approach, which completely eschews flying, is one such effort (more).

Website

UCSB’s Environmental Humanities Initiative (EHI) is hosting this conference on the EHI website. While here, please feel free to explore the EHI site, perhaps starting with our Intro and Home pages."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://magazine.lmu.edu/articles/jumping-time/">
    <title>LMU Magazine: Jumping Time</title>
    <dc:date>2017-04-01T00:50:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://magazine.lmu.edu/articles/jumping-time/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["For some time, I’d been shadowing artists like Massenburg, people who were expert at reading possibility in a mere gesture and reacting in the moment. I had been cataloging what sort of creative benefit bloomed out from a chance encounter — a serendipitous discovery, an open path or fresh new sense of self. But now, with so much infrastructure upended, their facility to do so resonated even more. As life became increasingly difficult to parse when the planned-for scenarios evaporated — or simply didn’t arrive — so many were looking for not just comfort but real tools to find their own “what’s next.”

Chance and Serendipity

We want to map a plan — a life — that’s what both our conscience and the culture tells us; a life/plan that nudges us toward “success” and ultimately a precisely articulated and fully realized you. The trouble with this premise is that what we already know too often obstructs what we might come to know — if we’re open to it. That’s the juncture where chance lies — and where serendipity — and often the greatest possibility can step in. 

We think we can outline a foolproof strategy, one that keeps us on track, moving forward, but things break, sever, snap and shatter all of the time. Plans fizzle, promises are broken, things fall apart. Both life and the language we use to describe our derailments and defeats tell us that.

Planning, however, doesn’t stave off the inevitable detours that present themselves: There are moments when patterns are broken for us, and moments when we choose to break them. What happens when we walk into that void, that open question, is the first step toward the unknown and where faith and chance can take us.

As a journalist who writes about people who make elegant, jaw-dropping leaps — creatives who ultimately conceive beyond-category art, music and food, or design vibrant community landscapes or networks — I see many who seem to share a key trait: the ability to pivot, to “see in the dark.” The darkness in this case is uncertainty: blind turns and difficult passages that we all must navigate at some point to find our way to the next phase, chapter, summit. Why, I wondered, are some better at the pivot than others? That facility begins with feeling comfortable in the space of the unknown.

Near the end of Pico Iyer’s slim, astute meditation titled “The Art of Stillness: Adventures in Going Nowhere,” the essayist explores the importance of framing calamity: “It’s not our experiences that form us, but the way we respond to them; a hurricane sweeps through town reducing everything to rubble and one man sees it as liberation, a chance to start anew, while another, perhaps his brother, is traumatized for life.”

Iyer’s words reassured me that what we are handed is not just a measure of our mettle — how we move forward — but that the unexpected also can limit or enhance our life’s possibility. We choose.

I saw, much more clearly, that the stories I’d been assembling weren’t necessarily a catalog of successes. Rather the artists’ arcs I traced suggested that the real journey begins with instances others might categorize as dead-ends, failures, even tragedies: a deportation, a wife’s near-death experience, a diagnosis of a rare blindness. Instead of accepting an impasse, they understood a setback as a threshold, not an end, but a beginning. The ability to shake free from an outdated dream or shed a fixed desire — be it a job, a hunch or place in the world — and cultivate new inspirations is not a facility we often honor or celebrate. We should. Recalibrating — or, as one subject calls it, “bounce” — is critical to survival. Success, then, isn’t about achieving static goals or checking items off a list. It’s about mastery, acquiring insight and achieving breakthroughs.

We live in a moment of “vision boards” and Post-it affirmations — “See it. Be it.” But we forget that just as important as what we wish for ourselves is gleaning the insight that may seem beyond our imagination. That big life we crave, the one larger than we can conceive, is often the consequence of risk, misadventure and recovery. As one subject finally came to understand it: “Don’t look; leap. Trust the dark. Trust what you’ve cultivated inside.”

Jumping Time 

In American roots music — jazz, blues, zydeco, bluegrass — there’s a term called “jumping time,” a moment that inevitably reveals itself on the bandstand. The singer perhaps forgets a verse, or the trumpet player, distracted, stumbles, barges in too soon, and the band must work together to pivot, restore order, move to the next line and not get jangled. It’s about moving forward: salvaging not just the moment, but the possibility for the one that follows. 

I think about Massenburg and his own “salvaging” — the poetry of the pivot — finding not just a use for the stumbled upon and tossed aside, but a new narrative for it: “I remember John Outterbridge saying to me that art can be anything you want it to be. Even your life. So when I think about how I got here — it wasn’t straight-line.” 

That left or right turn, it’s all about jumping time — sliding to the next spot, finding the treasure in the detritus, saving the moment. You can’t plan for it, just prepare. 

Those beautiful dovetails in life that we watch from afar? They come with hard work and foresight: reacting adroitly, even poetically, at that fork in the road of thought, crisis and life shift is often our only control in chaos. That informed pivot — the one that takes us from disaster to possibility, the “new place” — can be the life-changing difference between simply surviving and thriving.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://boomcalifornia.com/2016/12/29/a-boom-interview-in-conversation-with-jennifer-wolch-and-dana-cuff/">
    <title>A Boom Interview: Mike Davis in conversation with Jennifer Wolch and Dana Cuff – Boom California</title>
    <dc:date>2017-01-02T03:42:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://boomcalifornia.com/2016/12/29/a-boom-interview-in-conversation-with-jennifer-wolch-and-dana-cuff/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Dana Cuff: You told us that you get asked about City of Quartz too often, so let’s take a different tack. As one of California’s great urban storytellers, what is missing from our understanding of Los Angeles?

Mike Davis: The economic logic of real estate and land development. This has always been the master key to understanding spatial and racial politics in Southern California. As the late-nineteenth century’s most influential radical thinker—I’m thinking of San Francisco’s Henry George not Karl Marx—explained rather magnificently, you cannot reform urban space without controlling land values. Zoning and city planning—the Progressive tools for creating the City Beautiful—either have been totally co-opted to serve the market or died the death of a thousand cuts, that is to say by variances. I was briefly an urban design commissioner in Pasadena in the mid-1990s and saw how easily state-of-the-art design standards and community plans were pushed aside by campaign contributors and big developers.

If you don’t intervene in the operation of land markets, you’ll usually end up producing the opposite result from what you intended. Over time, for instance, improvements in urban public space raise home values and tend to become amenity subsidies for wealthier people. In dynamic land markets and central locations, nonprofits can’t afford to buy land for low-income housing. Struggling artists and hipsters inadvertently become the shock troops of gentrification and soon can’t afford to live in the neighborhoods and warehouse districts they invigorated. Affordable housing and jobs move inexorably further apart and the inner-city crisis ends up in places like San Bernardino.

If you concede that the stabilization of land values is the precondition for long-term democratic planning, there are two major nonrevolutionary solutions. George’s was the most straightforward: execute land monopolists and profiteers with a single tax of 100 percent on increases in unimproved land values. The other alternative is not as radical but has been successfully implemented in other advanced capitalist countries: municipalize strategic parts of the land inventory for affordable housing, parks and form-giving greenbelts.

The use of eminent domain for redevelopment, we should recall, was originally intended to transform privately owned slums into publicly owned housing. At the end of the Second World War, when progressives were a majority in city government, Los Angeles adopted truly visionary plans for both public housing and rational suburban growth. What then happened is well known: a municipal counter-revolution engineered by the LA Times. As a result, local governments continued to use eminent domain but mainly to transfer land from small owners to corporations and banks.

Fast-forward to the 1980s. A new opportunity emerged. Downtown redevelopment was devouring hundreds of millions of dollars of diverted taxes, but its future was bleak. A few years before, Reyner Banham had proclaimed that Downtown was dead or at least irrelevant. If the Bradley administration had had the will, it could have municipalized the Spring-Main Street corridor at rock-bottom market prices. Perhaps ten million square feet would have become available for family apartments, immigrant small businesses, public markets, and the like, at permanently controlled affordable rents.

I once asked Kurt Meyer, a corporate architect who had been chairman of the Community Redevelopment Agency, about this. He lived up Beachwood Canyon below the Hollywood Sign. We used to meet for breakfast because he enjoyed yarning about power and property in LA, and this made him a unique source for my research at the time. He told me that downtown elites were horrified by the unexpected revitalization of the Broadway corridor by Mexican businesses and shoppers, and the last thing they wanted was a populist downtown.

He also answered a question that long vexed me. “Kurt, why this desperate, all-consuming priority to have the middle class live downtown?” “Mike, do you know anything about leasing space in high-rise buildings?” “Not really.” “Well, the hardest part to rent is the ground floor: to extract the highest value, you need a resident population. You can’t just have office workers going for breakfast and lunch; you need night time, twenty-four hour traffic.” I don’t know whether this was really an adequate explanation but it certainly convinced me that planners and activists need a much deeper understanding of the game.

In the event, the middle class has finally come downtown but only to bring suburbia with them. The hipsters think they’re living in the real thing, but this is purely faux urbanism, a residential mall. Downtown is not the heart of the city, it’s a luxury lifestyle pod for the same people who claim Silverlake is the “Eastside” or that Venice is still bohemian.

Cuff: Why do you call it suburbia?

Davis: Because the return to the center expresses the desire for urban space and crowds without allowing democratic variety or equal access. It’s fool’s gold, and gentrification has taken the place of urban renewal in displacing the poor. Take Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris’s pioneering study of the privatization of space on the top of Bunker Hill. Of course, your museum patron or condo resident feels at home, but if you’re a Salvadorian skateboarder, man, you’re probably headed to Juvenile Hall."

…

"Jennifer Wolch: Absolutely. However it’s an important question particularly for the humanities students, the issue of subjectivity makes them reticent to make proposals.

Davis: But, they have skills. Narrative is an important part of creating communities. People’s stories are key, especially about their routines. It seems to me that there are important social science skills, but the humanities are important particularly because of stories. I also think a choreographer would be a great analyst of space and kind of an imagineer for using space.

I had a long talk with Richard Louv one day about his Last Child in the Woods, one of the most profound books of our time, a meditation on what it means for kids to lose contact with nature, with free nomadic unorganized play and adventure. A generation of mothers consigned to be fulltime chauffeurs, ferrying kids from one commercial distraction or over-organized play date to another. I grew up in eastern San Diego County, on the very edge of the back country, and once you did your chores (a serious business in those days), you could hop on your bike and set off like Huck Finn. There was a nudist colony in Harbison Canyon about twelve miles away, and we’d take our bikes, push them uphill for hours and hours in the hope of peeking through the fence. Like all my friends, I got a .22 (rifle) when I turned twelve. We did bad things to animals, I must confess, but we were free spirits, hated school, didn’t worry about grades, kept our parents off our backs with part-time jobs and yard work, and relished each crazy adventure and misdemeanor. Since I moved back to San Diego in 2002, I have annual reunions with the five or six guys I’ve known since second grade in 1953. Despite huge differences in political beliefs and religion, we’re still the same old gang.

And gangs were what kept you safe and why mothers didn’t have to worry about play dates or child molesters. I remember even in kindergarten—we lived in the City Heights area of San Diego at that time—we had a gang that walked to school together and played every afternoon. Just this wild group of little boys and girls, seven or eight of us, roaming around, begging pennies to buy gum at the corner store. Today the idea of unsupervised gangs of children or teenagers sounds like a law-and-order problem. But it’s how communities used to work and might still work. Aside from Louv, I warmly recommend The Child in the City by the English anarchist Colin Ward. A chief purpose of architecture, he argues, should be to design environments for unprogrammed fun and discovery."

…

"Wolch: We have one last question, about your young adult novels. Whenever we assign something from City of Quartz or another of your disheartening pieces about LA, it’s hard not to worry that the students will leave the class and jump off of a cliff! But your young adult novels seem to capture some amount of an alternative hopeful future.

Davis: Gee, you shouldn’t be disheartened by my books on LA. They’re just impassioned polemics on the necessity of the urban left. And my third LA book, Magical Urbanism, literally glows with optimism about the grassroots renaissance going on in our immigrant neighborhoods. But to return to the two adolescent “science adventure” novels I wrote for Viggo Mortensen’s wonderful Perceval Press. Above all they’re expressions of longing for my oldest son after his mother moved him back to her native Ireland. The heroes are three real kids: my son, his step-brother, and the daughter of our best friends when I taught at Stony Brook on Long Island. Her name is Julia Monk, and she’s now a wildlife biologist doing a Ph.D. at Yale on pumas in the Andes. I’m very proud that I made her the warrior-scientist heroine of the novels, because it was an intuition about her character that she’s made real in every way—just a remarkable young person."]]></description>
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    <title>The Future of Cities – Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-25T07:02:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/@oscarboyson/the-future-of-cities-ba4e26c807fe#.2zmgy274v</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[video (embedded): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOOWk5yCMMs ]

"Organic Filmmaking and City Re-Imagining

What does “the future of cities” mean? To much of the developing world, it might be as simple as aspiring to having your own toilet, rather than sharing one with over 100 people. To a family in Detroit, it could mean having non-toxic drinking water. For planners and mayors, it’s about a lot of things — sustainability, economy, inclusivity, and resilience. Most of us can hope we can spend a little less time on our commutes to work and a little more time with our families. For a rich white dude up in a 50th floor penthouse, “the future of cities” might mean zipping around in a flying car while a robot jerks you off and a drone delivers your pizza. For many companies, the future of cities is simply about business and money, presented to us as buzzwords like “smart city” and “the city of tomorrow.”

I started shooting the “The Future of a Cities” as a collaboration with the The Nantucket Project, but it really took shape when hundreds of people around the world responded to a scrappy video I made asking for help.

Folks of all ages, from over 75 countries, volunteered their time, thoughts, work, and footage so that I could expand the scope of the piece and connect with more people in more cities. This strategy saved me time and money, but it also clarified the video’s purpose, which inspired me to put more energy into the project in order to get it right. I was reading Jan Gehl, Jane Jacobs, Edward Glaeser, etc. and getting excited about their ideas — after seeing what mattered to the people I met in person and watching contributions from those I didn’t, the video gained focus and perspective.

If I hired a production services outfit to help me film Mumbai, it would actually be a point of professional pride for the employees to deliver the Mumbai they think I want to see. If some young filmmakers offer to show me around their city and shoot with me for a day, we’re operating on another level, and a very different portrait of a city emerges. In the first scenario, my local collaborators get paid and I do my best to squeeze as much work out of the time period paid for as possible. In the second, the crew accepts more responsibility but gains ownership, hopefully leaving the experience feeling more empowered.

Architect and former mayor of Curitiba Jaime Lerner famously said “if you want creativity, take a zero off your budget. If you want sustainability, take off two zeros.” It’s been my experience that this sustainability often goes hand-in-hand with humanity, and part of what I love about working with less resources and money is that it forces you to treat people like human beings. Asking someone to work with less support or equipment, or to contribute more time for less money, requires a mutual understanding between two people. If each person can empathize for the other, it’s been my experience that we’ll feel it in the work — both in the process and on screen.

Organic filmmaking requires you to keep your crew small and your footprint light. You start filming with one idea in mind, but the idea changes each day as elements you could never have anticipated inform the bigger picture. You make adjustments and pursue new storylines. You edit a few scenes, see what’s working and what’s not, then write new scenes. Shoot those, cut them in, then go back and write more. Each part of the process talks to the other. The movie teaches itself to be a better movie. Because organic is complicated, it can be tricky to defend and difficult to scale up, but because it’s cheap and low-resource, it’s easier to experiment. Learning about the self-organizing, living cities that I did on this project informed how we made the video. And looking at poorly planned urban projects reminded me of the broken yet prevailing model for making independent film in the U.S., where so many films are bound to fail — often in a way a filmmaker doesn’t recover from — before they even begin.

Jane Jacobs said that “cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.” I’ve worked on videos for companies, for the guy in the penthouse, for nobody in particular, in the developing world, with rich people and poor people, for me, for my friends, and for artists. I’m so thankful for everybody who allowed me to make this film the way we did, and I hope the parallels between filmmaking and city building — where the stakes are so much higher — aren’t lost on anyone trying to make their city a better place. We should all be involved. The most sustainable future is a future that includes us all.

“The Future of Cities” Reading List

(There’s a longer list I discovered recently from Planetizen HERE but these are the ones I got into on this project — I’m excited to read many more)

The Death and Life of American Cities by Jane Jacobs
The Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier by Edward Glaeser
Cities for People and Life Between Buildings by Jan Gehl
The Well-Tempered City: What Modern Science, Ancient Civilizations, and Human Nature Teach Us About the Future of Urban Life by Jonathan Rose(just came out — incredible)
Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time by Jeff Speck
The City of Tomorrow: Sensors, Networks, Hackers, and the Future of Urban Life by Carlo Ratti and Matthew Claudel
Happy City: Transforming Our Lives Through Urban Design by Charles Montgomery
Dream Cities: Seven Urban Ideas That Shape the World by Wade Graham
Connectography: Mapping The Future of Global Civilization by Parag Khanna
Delirious New York by Rem Koolhaas
Low Life and The Other Paris by Luc Sante
A History of Future Cities by Daniel Brook
Streetfight: Handbook for the Urban Revolution by Janette Sadik-Khan and Seth Solomonow
Tactical Urbanism: Short-term Action for Long-Term Change by Mike Lydon & Anthony Garcia
Living In The Endless City, edited by Ricky Burdett and Deyan Sudjic

“The Future of Cities” Select Interviewees:
David Hertz & Sky Source
Vicky Chan & Avoid Obvious Architects
Carlo Ratti: Director, MIT Senseable City Lab Founding Partner, Carlo Ratti Associati
Edward Glaeser: Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics, Harvard University Author of The Triumph of the City
Helle Søholt: Founding Parner & CEO, Gehl Architects
Ricky Burdett: Director, LSE Cities/Urban Age
Lauren Lockwood, Chief Digital Officer, City of Boston
Pablo Viejo: Smart Cities Expert & CTO V&V Innovations, Singapore
Matias Echanove & Urbz, Mumbai
Janette Sadik-Khan: Author, Advisor, & Former NYC DOT Commissioner
Abess Makki: CEO, City Insight
Dr. Parag Khanna: Author of Connectography
Stan Gale: CEO of Gale International, Developer of Songdo IBD
Dr. Jockin Arputham: President, Slum Dwellers International
Morton Kabell: Mayor for Technical & Environmental Affairs, Copenhagen]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.forbes.com/sites/rogervaldez/2016/12/07/zoning-reducing-american-productivity-and-making-the-poor-poorer/#27bbacb271db">
    <title>Gallup: Zoning Is Reducing American Productivity And Making The Poor Poorer</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-24T20:04:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.forbes.com/sites/rogervaldez/2016/12/07/zoning-reducing-american-productivity-and-making-the-poor-poorer/#27bbacb271db</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Gallup has released a report called, No Recovery: An Analysis of Long-Term U.S. Productivity Decline that explains that even with modest job and productivity growth post-recession, the productivity of the country is down overall. A big part of the reason for this stagnation and decline is because of the disproportionate growth in costs and decline in value in education, health care, and housing. The Gallup report tells the story that many of us have been repeating for years: we need more housing options. But local governments in fast growing cities have resisted housing production with zoning regulations.

What’s happening with housing that’s affecting productivity? The Gallup report argues makes the case that Americans are paying more for less, spending an average of 28 percent on housing costs compared to 19 percent over thirty years ago. Part of this is the size of units is getting smaller, which is not necessarily a bad thing. Many people are choosing to live in smaller spaces with higher per square foot costs. The Urban Land Institute produced a report on micro housing, A Macro View on Micro Housing,  that found many people chose smaller space because while the square foot cost of housing for smaller units is higher, over all rent is less.

But the Gallup report lays the real blame squarely on local elected officials and the influence of incumbent homeowners that constrain supply with aggressive zoning.

<blockquote>The core problem with the housing market is that it is not allowed to function as a market at all. In a healthy market, an increase in demand for a product leads to a greater supply and prices stay the same. In housing markets, demand increases as new households are formed, which results from natural population growth and immigration. The problem is that new supply is massively restricted, leading to inflation (Page 98).</blockquote>

Americans are facing, especially in cities, is housing scarcity that is pushing up prices and consuming their incomes. The money lost to higher prices is money not saved, not invested in new ventures, or education, or meeting other needs. People want to live and work and cities because that’s where the opportunity is; but the report found that zoning is making it harder for new people to live in cities. Here’s a devastating indictment of zoning (emphasis mine):

<blockquote>Local zoning boards and planning agencies have almost complete discretion over what gets built where, and they are under intense political pressure from homeowners’ associations and other groups to block development in high-priced, low-density areas for cultural and economic reasons. Culturally, homeowners clamor to preserve what they regard as the “character” of their communities, by which they mean things like traffic, the race and social status of their neighbors, and environmental amenities like green space and scenic views. Additionally, homeowners have strong economic interests in restricting the supply of housing in their neighborhood for two reasons: having more people, especially people with young children, requires a higher tax rate on property, and even more fundamentally, greater housing supply in their neighborhood lowers the value of their unit relative to the prevailing scarcity. Thus, even as housing prices increased, U.S. population density actually fell from 2000 to 2010 for metropolitan area residents as newer housing units were pushed further out into the distant suburbs (Page 99).</blockquote>

But here’s what Gallup doesn’t say: progressive political rhetoric and policies blaming developers and building owners for higher prices provides the political cover to enact these kinds of measures that actually hurt poor people. And this is truly the scandal of the last three decades, that incumbent single-family homeowners have used the suffering of poor people to argue for policies that benefit their own financial interests while making life worse for people with the fewest dollars to spend on housing in the city, the very people that they claim to be worried about.

Gallup says it isn’t done but will be producing more detailed ideas on solutions. The housing solution will have to require that local politicians and officials stop implementing policies that appear redistributive at the expense of developers and landlords, but that only make things worse for people seeking housing (see Seattle Mayor Murray's Mandatory Inclusionary Zoning scheme). Ironically the fees and taxes wrung out of the production of much needed housing will only raise its price, funneling the money raised into a manifestly inefficient system of housing production. As Margaret Thatcher famously pointed out, all these apparently socialist policies using taxes, fees, and zoning do is make the “poor poorer” while ensuring current homeowners see themselves get richer and richer.

[video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdR7WW3XR9c ]"]]></description>
<dc:subject>housing zoning 2016 inequality urban urbanism urbanplanning planning cities economics progressives margaretthatcher</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://rhystranter.com/2016/10/21/imaginary-cities-darran-anderson-interview/">
    <title>Imaginary Cities: An Interview with Darran Anderson – RhysTranter.com</title>
    <dc:date>2016-10-31T01:39:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://rhystranter.com/2016/10/21/imaginary-cities-darran-anderson-interview/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["When a city is dominated by one vision, it becomes either a sterile corpse, however pretty it looks, or, at worst, an all-out tyranny. I’d go as far to say that the very idea of a city is predicated on it being a plurality. When it is singular, it becomes something else; namely a citadel that benefits the powerful, whoever that may be in a given society. That’s one of the reasons that planned cities very often (though not always) fall flat. We forget to build in accidents and resistances – the dialectics of urbanism where different ideas are colliding and synthesizing and pushing things creatively forward in the process. When cities, and indeed countries, adopt a siege mentality, they stagnate and the inhabitants go slowly mad. We’re about to find out a lot of things about what Britain really is. I suspect, given certain cherished illusions await shattering, it’ll be a huge and very dark wake-up call indeed. Nothing would delight me more than to be wrong on this incidentally but I can see it getting decidedly Children of Men sooner than we think. On a less pessimistic note, it will also be a real test of British cities as international outward-facing metropolises, a challenge that anyone with a progressive atom in their body needs to fight in advance rather than retreat. We are mongrel peoples on these islands. We do well not to begin attempting to dismantle ourselves or anyone else for that matter. The future, if we wish to be part of it, is plural."

…

"We have a tendency to think of books as ends in themselves, which has always seemed somewhat ludicrous, even a bit arrogant to me; the assumption because you’ve read Isherwood’s Berlin novels, you’ve got the Weimar Republic sussed (I don’t mean that detrimentally to Isherwood, whose work I love, incidentally). It’s like that bucket list approach to experience, when you hear someone say they’ve ‘done’ Europe or Thailand. However great a book is, however ‘definitive’ it is on a subject, it strikes me as only a point of beginning or as temporarily conclusive, as time and perspectives are constantly changing. I’ve always had enough self-doubt to be resistant to definitive narratives so I wanted Imaginary Cities to be full of points of departure, contradictions and questions. That’s one of the things I loved about Calvino’s Invisible Cities, which the title is also a nod to. The sense of poetic incompleteness to it. The feeling that the story is continuing on somewhere beyond its pages."

…

"I’ve always been interested in the thresholds and crossovers of disciplines. “Architecture begins where engineering ends”, the great Walter Gropius said. I think there’s a sort of shifting hinterland between the two, where often the most exciting things are happening. We limit ourselves when we separate things too much. That works for all disciplines. There’s a lot to learn from peering over the walls we’ve built. And I’d question the motives we have in building most of these walls; very often it’s quite petty obscurantism, which ultimately holds us all back.

The first writer I ever fell in love with was Robert Louis Stevenson and I think he had a lasting influence; by his example, you have the permission to wander, literally and figuratively – you can write adventure stories and fuse them with psychological, geographical and historical observations, you can write memoirs, children’s stories, explorations, you can travel with a donkey in the Cévennes if you want. And you can do it all with a continual voice and purpose that threads through everything, even when it seems like chaos or a cacophony.

The writers I’ve loved since, from Montaigne to Borges to Solnit have that same sense of roaming, of proving “why not?” when stepping over frequently-artificial boundaries. It’s not for everyone but I love literature that contains this tendency to roam. It goes beyond even literature I suppose. There’s a colossal amount of be gained from learning from people in other artforms, cine-essayists like Chris Marker or musicians like Brian Eno. I’m not really interested in literature that just speaks to itself. I’d rather literature be a dense and messy city than an ordered monastery."

…

"We might think of them as problems but I think they’re essential to keep cities alive. I spoke about this at the Venice Architecture Biennale a few months ago and every day since, post-Brexit, it’s got more and more apparent how vital this is. When a city is dominated by one vision, it becomes either a sterile corpse, however pretty it looks, or, at worst, an all-out tyranny. I’d go as far to say that the very idea of a city is predicated on it being a plurality. When it is singular, it becomes something else; namely a citadel that benefits the powerful, whoever that may be in a given society. That’s one of the reasons that planned cities very often (though not always) fall flat. We forget to build in accidents and resistances – the dialectics of urbanism where different ideas are colliding and synthesizing and pushing things creatively forward in the process. When cities, and indeed countries, adopt a siege mentality, they stagnate and the inhabitants go slowly mad. We’re about to find out a lot of things about what Britain really is. I suspect, given certain cherished illusions await shattering, it’ll be a huge and very dark wake-up call indeed. Nothing would delight me more than to be wrong on this incidentally but I can see it getting decidedly Children of Men sooner than we think. On a less pessimistic note, it will also be a real test of British cities as international outward-facing metropolises, a challenge that anyone with a progressive atom in their body needs to fight in advance rather than retreat. We are mongrel peoples on these islands. We do well not to begin attempting to dismantle ourselves or anyone else for that matter. The future, if we wish to be part of it, is plural."

…

"If you live in a city, every aspect of your life takes place within urban space. The journeys you make are charted through it. The experiences you undertake have a stage. Space seeps into your memories and, by association, your memories seep into space. There are very obvious examples to this – hospitals, churches, graveyards – but also train stations where you saw someone for the last time or pubs where you met for the first time. Streets that mean nothing to most have profound connotations for others. They are the setting of our own private mythologies."

…

"Bookish folks like you and I explore this largely with literature as an aid but, though I believe books will always have a place, they seem to be more peripheral than we’d like to admit. As much as culture helps define our perception of cities, it has its limits. For me, the starting point for Dublin is Ulysses, just as Kafka is for Prague, and Dostoevsky or Bely is for St Petersburg and yet when I go to places like those, I find that these presumptions are attractive illusions. So much time has passed since those works were written and it was all subjective to begin with. That’s the beauty: the city is not the same thing to any two people, no matter how it is branded. One of the things I’m interested in is how the urban influences us, and the way we see ourselves, in ways that are often overlooked or come by implication. When we look at the Romantics, Sturm und Drang or American Transcendentalism, we tend to take them at their word and focus on rural arcadias or encounters with the sublime in the wilderness. To me, they are profoundly urban. They are the glorious side-effects brought on by the rise of the Industrial Revolution and the huge drive of urbanisation that followed. So even our ideas of escaping to the sanctuary of the countryside, even our conceptions of what the countryside is and for, are profoundly shaped by the appearance and evolution of cities."

…

"In the near-future, I see the manner in which our identities merge with our surroundings becoming acutely apparent. In terms of technology, it’s easy to see the cumbersome interfaces that we navigate with, the smartphone for example, disappearing. I see this happening somewhat with the book as well (though I’ve no doubt it will remain as an escape into another type of space). The literary approach to cities will become much more interactive with the environment. This isn’t a new idea. The Situationists, who I’m not uncritical of, hinted at this by shifting the focus away from academic texts to games, maps, graffiti, and the streets themselves. With developments in augmented reality, I can see the city becoming a form of text, not just with buildings annotated but actually offering creative input and manipulation. We already read cities without thinking about it. We may come to write them too."]]></description>
<dc:subject>darrananderson urbanism architecture cities 2016 community society siegementality planning urban italocalvino space identity memory augmentedreality books writing interactivity interactive situationist urbanization ar dostoevsky</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://webcast.mit.edu/sum2016/scratch/1631/index-d1.html">
    <title>Scratch Conference Live Webcast</title>
    <dc:date>2016-08-04T19:48:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://webcast.mit.edu/sum2016/scratch/1631/index-d1.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Thursday [4 August 2016] Keynote"]]></description>
<dc:subject>scracth mitchresnick seymourpapert 2016 education learning hardfun sambaschools howwethink howwelearn constructionism making allsorts schools sfsh engagement coding programming mindstorms lego computers computing schooling internet web community communities play planning</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/lifelearn/learning-despite-school-d0879be9464f#.6bwc28ncy">
    <title>Learning Despite School — LifeLearn — Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-27T23:22:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/lifelearn/learning-despite-school-d0879be9464f#.6bwc28ncy</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["While organised education and deliberate, goal-oriented practice has its place, and is indeed critical, it needs to be balanced with the development of social competence and intrinsic motivation. The vast majority of learning happens in informal social situations within communities of like minded people, where individuals take initiative and learn to work with other people in meaningful settings. Schools may hinder this important avenue of growth and increase stress and anxiety.

“Nature does not hurry, yet everything is accomplished.” ~ Lao Tzu.

The role of informal learning

The importance of informal learning in all areas of life cannot be overstated. For anyone observing people going about their life, it is obvious that every waking moment (and indeed, also sleeping moments) presents experiences which shape our brains, and thus, learning happens. Historically, informal learning has been off the spotlights since it is more difficult to study than organised forms of education. However, during the 21st century, surveys have shown that the majority of learning happens in informal settings[1], and even governmental policies have changed to encourage informal learning[4].

Learning within workplaces can be divided into non-formal and informal learning. If these terms are unfamiliar, here are short definitions:

• Formal education is highly institutionalised, bureaucratic, curriculum driven, and formally recognised with grades, diplomas, or certificates.[1]

• Non-formal learning is organised learning outside of the formal education system.[1]

• Informal learning occurs in community, where individuals have opportunities to observe and participate in social activities.[2]

The clear majority of learning within workplaces is informal[3], even though companies spend huge resources on non-formal training of their employees.

Likewise it can be argued that a large portion of learning that happens in schools stems from informal activities, such as social interactions during recess. The magnitude of this informal learning clearly depends on how strictly pupils and their time use are controlled by the faculty. Most resources in educational systems are spent in the advancement of formal education.

How Finnish schools enable informal learning

Finnish primary schools consistently rank high in various international studies, and produce excellent educational outcomes. While there are several reasons behind the success of Finnish schools, one of their typical features is the large amount of free time pupils are given.

• For every 45 minutes of class time, 15 minutes of recess are provided. Recess is free undirected time, usually spent outdoors.

• 30–45 minutes are reserved each day for lunch, provided by the school.

• Children enter school the year they turn 7, giving them more years of free childhood than in most other educational systems.

• School days are short, starting with 4–5 hours in the lower grades, and growing to 6–8 in higher grades.

• The amount of homework is light, usually between 0–4 hours per week.

• Classroom time often includes group work, project work, and personalised learning activities.

All this generates lots of time in children’s lives where they can independently (or with partial guidance) decide what to do, explore their surroundings, and experience new things. All of this is informal learning and it can cultivate skills such as independence, critical thinking, accountability, social competence, self-efficacy, metacognition, time management, planning, and emotional intelligence.

Balancing academic, social and physical development

Finnish studies on pupils’ hobbies and free time use show that the constructive and positive spirit in classrooms increases as pupils spend more of their free time with each other; as their classmates become closer friends, motivation to attend classes increases; and continuing into higher education is more likely. Results also highlight the importance of non-programmed time, where teens are not supposed to do anything or achieve something. Exploration and experimentation are important. Creative crossing of boundaries of accepted behaviour is also important for the teens’ ethical development.[5] Social competence even as early as age 5 has been shown to be connected with adult life quality and productivity[8].

The effects of physical exercise to cognitive capacity and ability to focus are clear and are changing even workplace practices (e.g. walking meetings). Studies of Finnish students have shown that physical exercise has a positive effect on learning and cognitive functions, such as memory and executive functions, and can possibly affect academic achievement[6].

On the other hand, it is clear that to develop top talent in any field (including sports), young people need a balance of training, competition, and free play and exploration. Focusing too early on serious practice activities that are not enjoyable will damage intrinsic motivation[7].

In countries where schools control their pupils more strictly, opportunities for informal learning are diminished. Children then tend to focus their interests and motivation on their hobbies that happen after school. In some countries, children spend nearly all their waking hours on formal learning tasks, which may produce good academic outcomes, but limits severely the benefits that informal learning could provide. Finnish schools show that an approach that emphasises children’s natural tendencies for exploration and learning, can also provide excellent academic results.

Summary

A clear majority of learning for any individual happens in informal settings. While formal education and on-the-job training play a role, they will be more effective if they can acknowledge and accommodate informal learning that individuals will engage in regardless. In practice this means at least giving time for non-directed social activities, reflection, and physical activities. In addition, utilising learners’ own life interests in making formal training more engaging and relevant will increase learning outcomes significantly. Combining formal and informal is at the core of learner-centric approaches."]]></description>
<dc:subject>education unschooling deschooling learning informal informallearning schools social training finland play competition freeplay howwlearn howweteach teaching hobbies constructivism experimentation 2016 schedules time independence timemanagement planning criticalthinking accountability metacognition laotzu tarmotoikkanen competence motivation stress anxiety</dc:subject>
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    <title>Jan Chipchase: Keynote on Vimeo</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-20T03:58:40+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>teams janchipchase 2015 studiod studiodurans design media criticism hype risk riskaversion ideo frogdesign risktaking designthinking innovation small scale replicability creativity legal longevity impact organizations relevance change sfsh bureaucracy corporations corporateamnesia money integrity ideals values sellouts changeagents socialimpact transparency storytelling commercialism consistency process planning replication predictability impromptu uncertainty notknowing lcproject openstudioproject cv experience pop-ups designresearch pop-upstudios democracy cohabitation decompression recalibration reflection memory peakexperience endexperience themeparks amusementparks doreenlorenzo carasilver schwe sellingout</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://nonprofitwithballs.com/2016/07/we-need-to-stop-treating-nonprofits-the-way-society-treats-poor-people/">
    <title>We need to stop treating nonprofits the way society treats poor people | Nonprofit With Balls</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-18T17:58:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://nonprofitwithballs.com/2016/07/we-need-to-stop-treating-nonprofits-the-way-society-treats-poor-people/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://twitter.com/tiffani/status/755092034243928064

"This is a good list of reasons (except in one instance) I've basically stayed away from foundations in fundraising for The @HumanUtility. Not to mention too many foundations are slow, conservative, + not interested in funding things that stray too far from stquo. And when you're a new organization w/ a very small staff, still trying to streamline operations, small, yet restricted grants are dangerous. I read an essay a few weeks ago about a large foundation that basically ran a startup into the ground w/program requirements. The foundation's program officers didn't seem the least bit contrite. It was weird. One literally said they didn't regret what they did smh. Of course, it was also on the startup's leadership to have planned to not have the foundation's funds become a distraction, but still. They who have the gold make the rules, but you have to be wary of processes that excessively distract you from the work to get the gold. I sat with someone for 30mins once + landed a gift of $25K. Then I got back in the car and went back to work. Now, that was from a (very) warm intro, but they didn't want letters of inquiry or 30-pg proposals. OTOH, a foundation I talked to in Maryland was interested in our work, but wanted a letter of inquiry just  for permission to ask for $25K."]

"Many leaders, from both nonprofit as well as foundations, have been speaking up against restricted funding for years now—here’s a compelling piece by Paul Shoemaker [https://philanthropynw.org/news/reconstructing-philanthropy-outside ]—and I’m glad to see that it is starting to make some progress. But it is still slow, and it makes me wonder why this is. Why is general operating so difficult for many to accept? Why is it OK for us to be OK with the fact that millions of hours each year are wasted by nonprofits trying to comply with some funders’ unrealistic, and frankly, destructive [http://nonprofitwithballs.com/2016/02/the-myth-of-double-dipping-and-the-destructiveness-of-restricted-funding/ ] requirements?

I think the answer may be that there is a strong parallel between how we treat nonprofits, and how society treats low-income people. I don’t think it is intentional. Like implicit racial or gender biases, most people are not even aware that it’s affecting their behaviors. But it’s important for us to examine these parallels, so we can better understand and change them:

The teach-a-man-to-fish paternalism. This philosophy, so ingrained in our culture, is patronizing and often ineffective, sometimes harmful. It assumes one person is a fount of knowledge while the other is an ignorant, empty vessel to be filled with wisdom. It ignores systems and environmental variables. We can teach someone to fish, but if they have no transportation to get to the pond, or if the pond is polluted, or if better-equipped corporations have been destroying aquaculture through over-fishing, then they’re still screwed while we feel good about ourselves. We see the same dynamics in funding via this belief that nonprofits can be self-sustaining if we just teach them to earn their revenues instead of constantly asking for free fish in the form of grants and donations.

The Bootstrap Mentality: This belief that people should pull themselves up by their bootstraps has been plaguing our low-income families for decades. It manifests in individuals who have found success to think they actually did it all on their own, blaming poor people for their situations, never mind again the privilege and system issues. In the nonprofit sector, it is seen in people from for-profits having an inflated sense of superiority, thinking “If my for-profit was successful in generating revenues, why can’t these lazy nonprofits also pull themselves up by their bootstraps?” Never mind the fact that over half of for-profits fail and that nonprofits and for-profits are completely different from each other.

The assumption of inability for future planning. There is an assumption that poor people don’t know how to plan for their future. If they do, why are they so poor then? Obviously they suck at planning ahead. The same assumption plays out in our sector. There is a belief among many people that if we give nonprofits too much money, they won’t know what to do with it. A program officer once told me, “I don’t want to give multi-year funding, because I think that will stop nonprofits from being innovative.” Because nothing encourages innovation better than regular bouts of night-terror-inducing, morale-sinking cash-flow emergencies.

The lack of trust in people’s ability to manage money: Society thinks poor people don’t know how to spend the money we give them. That’s why we have to monitor how they do it. Let’s restrict their ability to spend their food stamps on junk food; left to their own devices, they’ll probably just guzzle beer while feeding their kids tons of Hot Cheetos. Same with nonprofits. We need to monitor every penny they spend; otherwise, they’d probably waste money on fancy chairs and blinged-out business cards. And if we can’t protect these irresponsible organizations from themselves, then at least let’s make sure our own money is not being used to fund these things.

The No-Free-Lunch: There have been idiotic proposals by clueless politicians designed to punish the poor for violating whatever ridiculous expectations are set out for them. Like taking away food stamps if their kids don’t get good enough grades or if they’re not volunteering or seeking out employment, despite the fact that there are only so many volunteer and paid positions to go around. In our sector, our funding gets threatened if we don’t comply with various requirements, such as working toward “sustainability.” A colleague mentioned a grant that won’t pay for staff wages and other indirect expenses, and applicants have to demonstrate that they will be completely self-sustaining within a year. That gave us all a good chuckle.

The punishment of success. Ironically, while we expect poor people to work and save up money so they can stop being dependent, we punish them when they succeed at that, removing their benefits if they earn close to an amount where they may actually be able to no longer need the benefits. It’s weirdly paradoxical, demotivating, and insulting. In nonprofits, many funders expect sustainability and yet punish nonprofits for having a strong reserve, which is probably the most important factor for sustainability. You need to be sustainable, but if you are too successful at that, we’re not funding you, or we take away the money we gave you. I remember frantically trying to spend some left-over money because it otherwise would have had to be returned, per the requirement of this funder, even though the reason we had leftover was because we were spending it wisely; that money we saved would have greatly helped our programs if we had been allowed to put it into reserve. 

The avoidance of eye contact. Poor people make the general public sad. That’s why most people avoid eye contact with individuals experiencing homelessness. And in our sector, it leads to some donors and foundations to avoid nonprofits, creating barriers in the form of “safe space” that prevent those doing the work from communicating and collaborating with those funding the work.  

The expectation of gratitude: Every single time I bring up some sort of feedback regarding ineffective, time-wasting funding practices in our sector—such as requiring board chair signatures on grant applications (Why? Whyyyyy?!)—inevitably some people will counter with things like, “So people are giving you their hard-earned money, and you’re whining? You should just be grateful and comply.” It’s the same as poor people being expected to just be happy and appreciative of whatever scraps they manage to get."

…

"So many funding and accounting practices are anchored in a severe and pervasive distrust of nonprofits, the same distrust we heap on individuals with low-income. It goes without saying that these myths and philosophies are destructive, toward both our low-income community members and toward nonprofits. We must begin with trust as the default, or our community loses. If we are going to effectively address society’s numerous, complex problems—and recent tragedies and violence nationally and internationally highlight just how complex and serious things are—the way we currently view nonprofits must change. The relationships between funders, donors, nonprofits, for-profits, media, and government must change. We must see each other as equal partners with different but complementary roles to play. We must understand where philosophically our requirements come from and how they are affecting our partners, how it helps or hampers their work. We must be able to provide each other honest feedback and push one another to do better for our community. "]]></description>
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