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    <title>Summer ghosts - by Christopher Brown - Field Notes</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-22T16:19:16+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The full moon brought more rain again this month, and a few days after, on Saturday, we got another microburst. We had company, colleagues of my wife from the architecture school and their spouses. It was sunny and muggy, almost wet bulb temp, and we had the idea to get in the pool when suddenly the sky darkened and a single, loud clap of thunder announced what was coming. We kept talking in the kitchen as the wind and rain blew through over twenty short minutes. And then, before it had even really cleared, weird birds started circling the house.

I was the only who saw them, at first. Our house is an unusual platform for watching the sky: half-buried in the bluff above the urban river, with a wild green roof, the conditioned space comprised of two small pavilions across a narrow patio that works almost like a box canyon, a canyon of glass that reaches twenty-some feet at the peak. It opens up in the direction of the river and woods, facing south, framing a corner of open sky and providing a fun house of reflective planes that often let you see things in motion behind you or beyond your periphery. The ambient life moving through that tableau, mainly birds, planes, insects and helicopters, is constant and remarkably diverse. But these were birds I had never seen, raptors different than our usual hawks, osprey, black vultures and caracara. And their wings looked slightly wrong, at least on one of them—like the wings of a wraith.

[image: "Shaggy-winged kite in flight"]

I was deep in conversation with our friend Igor, who must have wondered what I was so distracted with as I kept looking up and tracking. And then I spotted one of the birds sitting still, through its reflection at the top of our bedroom window. It had alighted in one of our trees. I excused myself to go take a closer look.

I’d heard stories from friends earlier in the year of visitations by strange grey raptors, and had glimpsed what I thought were some during a late spring visit to a park on Onion Creek, one of the wilder tributaries of the Colorado that flows south of us. And now, I realized, one of the Mississippi kites had decided to stop and visit, sitting in the mostly bare upper branches of our catalpa tree. A tree that had been planted by our neighbor Emily Lott, of a species more common to her hometown of Navasota, half way to East Texas. That we had just learned of her passing, taken finally by the cancer she had resiliently and cheerfully held at bay for sixteen years, made the appearance of the grey ghost in that tree seem a little bit like a visitation. Or, when I realized there were two birds, one with its wings spread out to dry, and then more started arriving, like a wake.

[image: "Primping Mississippi kite in tree"]

I counted five at the peak. They were intensely backlit, so shadowed that it was hard to make out their details initially, even through field glasses and zoom lens. But they let me get pretty close, which helped confirm my suspicion that several of them must have been unwary juveniles learning their way in the world we made (more ornithologically knowledgeable readers will no doubt share their views in the comments on what my photos evidence). They looked like they all had gotten caught in the storm and tossed about. Trying to get dry, trying to fix their feathers, and generally recover their composure. It was a little like bumping into a group of joyriding teens recovering from some scarier-than-expected test of their youthful immortality.

One flew across the yard to a hackberry, where the light was more direct, and I could make out its crest in profile, like the combed-back bangs of a pompadour. The sort of bird you think could absolutely rock a black leather motorcycle jacket, before you realize it’s already wearing an even cooler light gray one.

[image: "Crested Mississippi kite in hackberry"]

I pointed them out to our guests, but I don’t think my effort to articulate the wonder of the moment really landed. To the naked eye, the birds were not big, mostly shadowed, and unremarkable if you hadn’t just seen them on the wing, when they revealed their nature as raptors tuned for the sharp sudden turns of a flying insect hunter. I wondered if that’s what they’d been up to, chasing the bugs that take to the air in shimmering swarms right after the rain passes and the sun breaks through.

Mississippi kites are seasonal visitors here. They used to be rare—in his 1925 guide to the Birds of the Austin Region, George Finlay Simmons called them “very rare”—but they are one of those species that seems to benefit from the Anthropocene habitat created by urbanization. They are not super picky nesters, content to share territory with others of their species, and tend to produce small clutches of eggs. They seem to have thrived in the lost era when they could spend their summers following the clouds of insects that accompanied the bison herds, and begun to recover their population west of the Mississippi when they figured out the opportunities created by small towns surrounded by animal agriculture and the insects that attracts. They hunt cicadas, whose season has also arrived—I spotted my first cicada killer wasp of the season on Wednesday, droning around our walnut trees—and must enjoy the smaller airborne insects that make the city such comfortable habitat for swallows, swifts, and bats, especially around the river and creeks.

[image: "Mississippi kite with white feather in mouth"]

I wonder if Emily got to see them, in her month of home hospice. She would have liked them. Maybe even related to them, as a bit of a Southern bird herself, elegant and goofy at the same time. She was gregarious like them, a librarian turned botanist who, with her husband, helped this little side street at the edge of town, a vestigial pocket of residential lots between factories and riparian forest, grow into both an urban wildlife portal and a quasi-commune of her own creation. She had small town manners, descended from early Anglo-American settlers of Texas, and when she would show up at your front door unexpectedly you could not help but be happy to see her. She knew all the creatures of this place any many others, having spent extended periods of time inventorying the flora of Oaxaca, and I was often entranced hearing her share her scientific knowledge in her Navasota vowels. She brought people together with her love of all of them, and helped them all to see the wonder of the other life around us. We will miss her deeply.

It is a coincidence, no doubt, that unusual-looking juvenile birds, creatures in the process of formation, seem to appear when important people in my life pass. That does not lessen the power of such experiences, as a way of coming to terms with life’s seasons. Especially when the departed is someone who helped you see how the wild world hiding in plain sight can help you find your own way through the storms."]]></description>
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    <title>When Scientists &quot;Discover&quot; What Indigenous People Have Known For Centuries | Science | Smithsonian</title>
    <dc:date>2018-02-22T01:26:16+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Our knowledge of what animals do when humans aren’t around has steadily increased over the last 50 years. For example, we know now that animals use tools in their daily lives. Chimps use twigs to fish for termites; sea otters break open shellfish on rocks they selected; octopi carry coconut shell halves to later use as shelters. But the latest discovery has taken this assessment to new heights—literally.

A team of researchers led by Mark Bonta and Robert Gosford in northern Australia has documented kites and falcons, colloquially termed “firehawks,” intentionally carrying burning sticks to spread fire. While it has long been known that birds will take advantage of natural fires that cause insects, rodents and reptiles to flee and thus increase feeding opportunities, that they would intercede to spread fire to unburned locales is astounding.

It’s thus no surprise that this study has attracted great attention as it adds intentionality and planning to the repertoire of non-human use of tools. Previous accounts of avian use of fire have been dismissed or at least viewed with some skepticism.

But while new to Western science, the behaviors of the nighthawks have long been known to the Alawa, MalakMalak, Jawoyn and other Indigenous peoples of northern Australia whose ancestors occupied their lands for tens of thousands of years. Unlike most scientific studies, Bonta and Gosford’s team foregrounded their research in traditional Indigenous ecological knowledge. They also note that local awareness of the behavior of the firehawks is ingrained within some of their ceremonial practices, beliefs and creation accounts.

The worldwide attention given to the firehawks article provides an opportunity to explore the double standard that exists concerning the acceptance of Traditional Knowledge by practitioners of Western science.

Traditional Knowledge ranges from medicinal properties of plants and insights into the value of biological diversity to caribou migration patterns and the effects of intentional burning of the landscape to manage particular resources. Today, it’s become a highly valued source of information for archaeologists, ecologists, biologists, ethnobotanists, climatologists and others. For example, some climatology studies have incorporated Qaujimajatuqangit (Inuit traditional knowledge) to explain changes in sea ice conditions observed over many generations.

Yet despite the wide acknowledgement of their demonstrated value, many scientists continue to have had an uneasy alliance with Traditional Knowledge and Indigenous oral histories.

On the one hand, these types of knowledge are valued when they support or supplements archaeological, or other scientific evidence. But when the situation is reversed—when Traditional Knowledge is seen to challenge scientific “truths —then its utility is questioned or dismissed as myth. Science is promoted as objective, quantifiable, and the foundation for “real” knowledge creation or evaluation while Traditional Knowledge may be seen as anecdotal, imprecise and unfamiliar in form.

Are Indigenous and Western systems of knowledge categorically antithetical? Or do they offer multiple points of entry into knowledge of the world, past and present?

Ways of Knowing

There are many cases where science and history are catching up with what Indigenous peoples have long known.

For instance, in the past two decades, archaeologists and environmental scientists working in coastal British Columbia have come to recognize evidence of mariculture—the intentional management of marine resources—that pre-dates European settlement. Over the course of thousands of years, the ancestors of the Kwakwaka’wakw and other Indigenous groups there created and maintained what have become known as “clam gardens”—rock-walled, terrace-like constructions that provide ideal habit for butter clams and other edible shellfish.

To the Kwakwaka’wakw, these were known as loxiwey, according to Clan Chief Adam Dick (Kwaxsistalla) who has shared this term and his knowledge of the practice with researchers. As marine ecologist Amy Groesbeck and colleagues have demonstrated, these structures increase shellfish productivity and resource security significantly. This resource management strategy reflects a sophisticated body of ecological understanding and practice that predates modern management systems by millennia.

These published research studies now prove that Indigenous communities knew about mariculture for generations—but Western scientists never asked them about it before. Once tangible remains were detected, it was clear mariculture management was in use for thousands of years. There is a move underway by various Indigenous communities in the region to restore and recreate clam gardens and put them back into use.

A second example demonstrates how Indigenous oral histories correct inaccurate or incomplete historical accounts. There are significant differences between Lakota and Cheyenne accounts of what transpired at the Battle of Greasy Grass (Little Big Horn) in 1876, and the historical accounts that appeared soon after the battle by white commentators.

The Lakota and Cheyenne can be considered more objective than white accounts of the battle that are tainted by Eurocentric bias. The ledger drawings of Red Horse, a Minneconjou Sioux participant in the battle, record precise details such as trooper’s uniforms, the location of wounds on horses, and the distribution of Indian and white casualties.

In 1984, a fire at the battleground revealed military artifacts and human remains that prompted archaeological excavations. What this work revealed was a new, more accurate history of the battle that validated many elements of the Native American oral histories and accompanying pictographs and drawings of the events. However, without the archaeological evidence, many historians gave limited credence to the accounts obtained from the participating Native American warriors.

Hypotheses incorporating traditional knowledge-based information can lead the way toward unanticipated insights. The travels of Glooscap, a major figure in Abenaki oral history and worldview, are found throughout the Mi’kmaw homeland of the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada. As a Transformer, Glooscap created many landscape features. Anthropologist Trudy Sable (Saint Mary’s University)  has noted a significant degree of correlation between places named in Mi’kmaw legends and oral histories and recorded archaeological sites.

Opportunities at the Intersection

As ways of knowing, Western and Indigenous Knowledge share several important and fundamental attributes. Both are constantly verified through repetition and verification, inference and prediction, empirical observations and recognition of pattern events.

While some actions leave no physical evidence (e.g. clam cultivation), and some experiments can’t be replicated (e.g. cold fusion), in the case of Indigenous knowledge, the absence of “empirical evidence” can be damning in terms of wider acceptance.

Some types of Indigenous knowledge, however, simply fall outside the realm of prior Western understanding. In contrast to Western knowledge, which tends to be text-based, reductionist, hierarchical and dependent on categorization (putting things into categories), Indigenous science does not strive for a universal set of explanations but is particularistic in orientation and often contextual. This can be a boon to Western science: hypotheses incorporating traditional knowledge-based information can lead the way toward unanticipated insights.

There are partnerships developing worldwide with Indigenous knowledge holders and Western scientists working together. This includes Traditional Ecological Knowledge informing government policies on resource management in some instances. But it is nonetheless problematic when their knowledge, which has been dismissed for so long by so many, becomes a valuable data set or used selectively by academics and others.

To return to the firehawks example, one way to look at this is that the scientists confirmed what the Indigenous peoples have long known about the birds’ use of fire. Or we can say that the Western scientists finally caught up with Traditional Knowledge after several thousand years."

[See also:
"How Western science is finally catching up to Indigenous knowledge: Traditional knowledge has become a highly valued source of information for archaeologists, ecologists, biologists, climatologists and others"
http://www.macleans.ca/society/how-western-science-is-finally-catching-up-to-indigenous-knowledge/

"It’s taken thousands of years, but Western science is finally catching up to Traditional Knowledge"
https://theconversation.com/its-taken-thousands-of-years-but-western-science-is-finally-catching-up-to-traditional-knowledge-90291 ]]]></description>
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    <title>Kickstarter Gold: Balloon Mapping Kits by Public Lab — Kickstarter</title>
    <dc:date>2017-06-21T01:21:50+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A simple DIY kit to take aerial photographs of things that are important to you - from hundreds of feet up. The drone alternative!"]]></description>
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    <title>Animals in the News - The Atlantic</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-22T04:55:57+00:00</dc:date>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:kites"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:blackkites"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:tigers"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sloths"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:mosquitoes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:dolphins"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:koalas"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://gizmodo.com/birds-deliberately-spread-wildfires-because-birds-are-d-1758109903">
    <title>Birds Deliberately Spread Wildfires Because Birds Are Dicks</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-15T02:06:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://gizmodo.com/birds-deliberately-spread-wildfires-because-birds-are-d-1758109903</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Crazy news from the outback, folks. Certain birds of prey are picking up burning sticks from brush fires and dropping them in dry grass. Why? Because then all the little critters will run away from the fire and out into the open, where the birds can snatch them up. Birds are dicks!

But even dicks have to eat. The birds of prey in question here—black kites and brown falcons—have apparently been doing this for ages. Both aboriginal populations in northern Australia and local firefighters say they’ve seen them do it. Aboriginal advocate Bob Gosford, who’s interviewed over a dozen firefighters about the trend, described the behavior, “Reptiles, frogs and insects rush out from the fire, and there are birds that wait in front, right at the foot of the fire, waiting to catch them.” (The above image is a reenactment of this grisly scene that I made in Photoshop.)

The phenomenon has never been caught on photo or video. However, it’s a relatively accepted belief that this happens. As of right now, Gosford’s research basically amounts to self study based on accumulated observations. According to IFL Science, he’s presented the research at both the Raptor Research Foundation and the Association for Fire Ecology’s annual conferences.

What a bunch of jerks. This, after a blaze in London was started by a pigeon dropping a lit cigarette onto the roof of a house back in 2014. This, after realizing that diabolical falcons trap their prey in stone prisons so they can eat them later while they’re still alive. This, as crows are getting so smart they can solves complex puzzles with a basic understanding of the size, weight, and density of stones. This, as we know that sparrows are just plain evil.

It’s not so much that birds are dicks. Birds are dicks, and they’re super smart. Hitchcock warned us. We have been warned."]]></description>
<dc:subject>birds animals nature fire australia kites falcons hunting</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:59fecef1c3b3/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nature"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:fire"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:australia"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:falcons"/>
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<item rdf:about="https://vimeo.com/70481902">
    <title>JAMES BRIDLE - LECTURE on Vimeo</title>
    <dc:date>2013-07-19T04:24:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://vimeo.com/70481902</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["UK based artist James Bridle introduces a three day worksop at Fabrica entitled "Balloon Infrastructures". The history of balloon flight goes back almost 2000 years, manned flight over 200 - and as a weapon, to 1849: from Treviso. James Bridle explains the principles of grassroots mapping and balloon photography, and explores the possibilities of balloons as playful and political platforms for cartography, aerial photography, surveillance and infrastructure; their relationship to drones and satellites; and their potential as architecture."]]></description>
<dc:subject>2013 fabrica balloons jamesbridle surveillance technology architecture aerialphotography photography drones satellites kites mapping grassrootsmapping balloonphotography infrastructure cartography video projectideas maps</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:37a53d287685/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:jamesbridle"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:architecture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:aerialphotography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:photography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:drones"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:mapping"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:grassrootsmapping"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:balloonphotography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:infrastructure"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2099768/A-city-ruins-Stunning-photo-captures-devastation-San-Francisco-earthquake-1906.html">
    <title>A city in ruins: Stunning photo that captures devastation in San Francisco after earthquake of 1906 | Mail Online</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-13T07:21:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2099768/A-city-ruins-Stunning-photo-captures-devastation-San-Francisco-earthquake-1906.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This rarely seen image of the city of San Fransisco lying in ruins after the devastating earthquake of 1906 was captured by an ingenious photographer using a camera attached kites.  

The panoramic shot, which is of outstanding quality considering the basic equipment available, shows the full scale of the disaster which claimed the lives of over 3,000, injured 225,000 and caused $400,000,000 worth of property damage.

Commercial photographer George Lawrence, who used home-made large format cameras, was well known at the time for his wide angle photographs of banqueting groups, national political conventions, and state legislature sessions."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>cities naturaldisasters earthquakes georgelawrence 1905 aerialphotography photography kites sanfrancisco</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:b22aa4dae1d7/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:georgelawrence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:1905"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:aerialphotography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:photography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:kites"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sanfrancisco"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.good.is/post/grassroots-mapping-how-you-can-create-aerial-cartography-for-under-100-and-use-it-to-do-good/">
    <title>Grassroots Mapping: How You Can Create Aerial Cartography for Under $100, and Use It to Do Good - Environment - GOOD</title>
    <dc:date>2011-03-14T07:49:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.good.is/post/grassroots-mapping-how-you-can-create-aerial-cartography-for-under-100-and-use-it-to-do-good/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The notion that aerial imagery is only for the rich and powerful is being turned on its ear by an inspired group of DIY cartographers who have pioneered the field of grassroots mapping. The concept is simple: for about $100 in materials you can shoot aerial imagery that is higher resolution than any standard public satellite imagery. Using incredibly simple balloon and kite contraptions, you can capture the images on demand whenever you want, as often as you want."]]></description>
<dc:subject>photography diy mapping maps cartography classideas projectideas balloons imaging edg kites</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:9fbda72acd60/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:diy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:mapping"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:maps"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cartography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:classideas"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:projectideas"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:balloons"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:imaging"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:edg"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:kites"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://kk.org/kk/2007/09/fast-kites-from-tyvek-house-wr.php">
    <title>Kevin Kelly -- KK* Lifestream - Fast Kites from Tyvek House Wrap</title>
    <dc:date>2007-09-27T01:58:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://kk.org/kk/2007/09/fast-kites-from-tyvek-house-wr.php</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["It’s shocking how many different ways you can make a kite, and how many different materials you can use to build it. It is also shocking how destructive a strong wind can be to any form or material. Design is key for a kite’s success."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>kites make projects diy materials</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:7457b27a258d/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:make"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:projects"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:diy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:materials"/>
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