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    <title>My University Students Cheat. I Don’t Blame Them. - Macleans.ca</title>
    <dc:date>2026-07-02T02:26:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://macleans.ca/society/my-university-students-cheat-i-dont-blame-them/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Marks reward cheating over learning—and students can’t afford to fail"

...

"Last semester, on the final exam of the health-care law class I teach, my students scored the highest grades I’ve seen in 20 years as an instructor. It was an at-home, closed-book exam. Eight per cent of the class scored perfect on the multiple-choice section, and over half scored over 90. In the long-answer section, the responses were formulaic, typo-free and detached from the course material; they lacked the telltale signs of rushed exam writing. It was clear my students were using AI to cheat.

After the exam, I gave the class an anonymous, informal poll: I asked how many of them were cheating. Of those who responded, eight per cent admitted to it. How many students did they think were cheating? Over a quarter of respondents indicated they knew other students had cheated on the exam, and 73 per cent indicated they knew of students cheating in other classes. And that doesn’t account for the response bias: just under half the class responded to the poll, and I suspect those who didn’t respond were more likely to have cheated. I decided to annul the exam results, not counting them toward final grades.

I’ve spent my whole life in academia, first in theology, then in law. I know cheating has always been around. But I’m deeply alarmed by the idea that students are cheating en masse. There’s a whole online ecosystem for cheating: forums to share advice on circumventing AI detectors and proctor technology; software for humanizing AI-generated writing; tips for using AI to reduce (or eliminate) workload. Cheating is becoming culturally normalized. Two thirds of the people who responded to my survey agreed that students widely perceive cheating as acceptable. I’m not surprised. Think about what this generation has witnessed: the mortgage crisis driven by corrupt bankers, an American president who cheats and lies and is still elected; lawyers using AI to write for them and lying about it, a sporting world full of doping scandals. Students are repeating what we’ve modelled for them.

In the past few years, the way young people value their education has shifted. Universities are increasingly corporatized. They function as businesses, oriented toward maximizing revenue: professors are rewarded for grants and publications rather than leadership or mentorship, and students are reduced to head counts and tuition dollars. In turn, students behave like customers. It’s a fee for service: they pay their tuition and expect good grades and a degree. Learning becomes superfluous.

When I was studying the humanities, my classmates and I were concerned with ideas and arguments. We were reading course material to understand it, not to get a mark. Now, grades have become the sole currency of academic life. Students frequently email me asking outright for a higher grade, sometimes literally seconds after they receive it. They all want a 90 or higher. Marks are inflated across the board. At Ontario high schools, there was a six per cent increase in grade averages for graduating students between 2011 and 2021. I’ve seen 100 per cent averages on scholarship applications. Some schools are implementing policies to try to curb the inflation—including Harvard, which just put a cap on the number of As assigned in each undergraduate course.

Students know an undergraduate degree doesn’t automatically land a well-paying job—or any job, for that matter—so they’re vying for acceptance to highly competitive postgraduate programs. There’s an enormous financial imperative to succeed academically, and students tell me that if you don’t cheat, you’re at a disadvantage. I went to university on my own dollar; my parents couldn’t afford to support me. I only paid off my undergraduate student loans last year, at 45 years old. For students today, the debts are even worse. They’re pushed to maximize productivity and output, racking up accolades and resumé entries while maintaining previously unattainable averages.

At the same time, cheating has become more accessible than ever thanks to AI. I see students using generative AI in all aspects of their work: summarizing the readings, research, note-taking, essay writing. Not all AI usage is cheating by default, and in some ways, it’s even levelling the playing field by making the same shortcuts available to everyone. When I was in law school, you could purchase CANS—consolidated annotated notes—from previous years as study aids. But they were expensive. Resources like CANS and tutors were reserved for students who could afford them. For the rest of us, AI could have been a free alternative. The problems arise when students use AI despite instructions not to, as was the case with my exam.

My options as an educator are limited. I’m exploring different grading schemas, but all of them require more resources than are made available to me. I could have one in-person exam worth 100 per cent of the course grade and put all my TA hours toward grading it. I could rely on oral exams, which would take weeks out of the semester to schedule and administer. One professor I know tried to introduce a participation grade in a class with hundreds of students. Students could scan a QR code to register their attendance. They would show up, talk until they got the code, then walk out.

Ultimately, this reveals the failures of an antiquated grading system. Our standard modes of assessment primarily track recall and memorization, not engagement or progress. One semester, I had a student who had some challenges with her grammar and syntax. We worked on her writing together throughout the semester, and it was a successful learning experience. Another student that semester had a flair for well-crafted drivel. I couldn’t give the first student an A-plus—her end product couldn’t justify it. But who put more work in? Who learned the most? The people with the highest grades are not necessarily my best or hardest-working students. They may just have the most free time, money, educational support or family backing. Some schools are attuned to this tension and adapting accordingly. The U of T law school, for example, uses an honours-pass-fail grading system. If we reimagined grading to assess skills that can’t be replicated by ChatGPT, students wouldn’t use it. As it is, marks are a perverse incentive—they reward cheating over learning.

My colleagues and I feel completely unsupported by the school administration. Publishing requirements are going up, and class sizes are ballooning. We have less faculty doing more work with less support, meaning there’s less time to build relationships with students. When I annulled the exam results, I told the administration that I need substantive guidance on how to run a class this large because I can no longer reliably mark it. They didn’t have a useful policy in place to address my concerns. Instead, they overrode my decision. Against my recommendations, they included the multiple-choice portion of the exam in the final grade—despite knowing that I called out cheating in this section. Their decision sent a singular message: cheating is fine and faculty has to accept it. This is anathema to the goals of education.

I’ve been told I should just use anti-cheating technology, like online proctors or AI detectors. I don’t use either in my classes. For one, they can easily be circumvented. More importantly, you can’t police people into having integrity. Instead, I try to impart to my students the reasons why cheating is morally wrong. The first question on my exam was about the deontological duty not to cheat. It was something we’d discussed at length throughout the semester. Within this ethical framework, relationships give rise to duties—the health-care provider to the patient or the lawyer to the client—and the rightness of your actions depends on how they align with those duties. Students have a duty not to cheat. It should be that simple. Anti-cheating technology can’t teach them that, and we can’t expect that students who lack integrity in school will spontaneously develop it in order to meet their professional obligations after they graduate.

Academic integrity needs to be taught starting on day one at every level of education. Every university student should have to take an ethics course in their first year, no matter their major. And there needs to be accountability when there are breaches. Administrators need to support their faculty, not railroad them. Colleagues have shared with me that even when students have been caught cheating, no penalty was imposed. Cheating is a product of the society we’ve created. It’s learned behaviour—and that means, with enough work, it can be unlearned."]]></description>
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    <title>After OpenAI (Vandal Live at Wake Forest Humanities Institute)</title>
    <dc:date>2026-05-14T04:33:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theamericanvandal.substack.com/p/afteropenai?triedRedirect=true</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Apple Podcasts | Spotify

As part of the Spring Symposium at the Wake Forest Humanities Institute, Matt Seybold discusses the present and future of AI speculation, including an extended discussion with Wake Forest faculty, many who were part of WFHI’s Interdisciplinary Faculty Seminar on Language, Theory, & Artificial Intelligence.

Cast (in order of appearance): Jennifer Greiman, Matt Seybold, Derek Lee, Michaela Appeltova, Nisrine Rahal, Barry Trachtenberg, Jeff Bills-Solomon, Dean Franco, Amanda Gengler

Featured Guests

Jennifer Greiman is Professor of English at Wake Forest University and Director of The Humanities Institute there.

Matt Seybold is Associate Professor of American Literature & Mark Twain Studies at Elmira College, as well as resident scholar at the Center For Mark Twain Studies and executive producer of The American Vandal Podcast.

Episode Bibliography

Emily Bender & Alex Hanna, The AI Con (HarperCollins, 2025)

Emily Bender, Timnit Gebru, et al. “On The Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?” FAccT 2021

Tressie McMillan Cottom, “The Tech Fantasy That Powers AI is Running on Fumes” The New York Times (April 29, 2025)

Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (U California Press, 1984)

Virginia Dignum, The AI Paradox: How To Make Sense of a Complex Future (Princeton UP, 2026)

Ronan Farrow & Andrew Marantz, “Moment of Truth” The New Yorker (April 13, 2026)

Karen Hao, Empire of AI: Dreams & Nigthmares in Sam Altman’s Open AI (Penguin Random House, 2026)

Andy Hines, Outside Literary Studies: Black Criticism & The University (U Chicago Press, 2022)

E. D. Hirsch, Cultural Literacy (Houghton Mifflin, 1987)

Tyler Johnston, “The reporters at this new site are AI bots. OpenAI’s Super PAC appears to be funding it.” Model Republic (April 24, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum, “Grok is an Epistemic Weapon” Tech Policy Press (January 13, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum, “Texpocalypse Now: AI and The New Political Economy of Writing” PennAI (April 17, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum & Rita Raley, “AI & The University as a Service” PMLA (May 2024)

Christopher Newfield, Unmaking The Public University (Harvard UP, 2011)

Britt S. Paris, Radical Infrastructure: Imagining The Internet From The Ground Up (U. California, 2026)

Ann Pettifor, The Global Casino: How Wall Street Gambles with People & The Planet (Verso, 2026)

Ann Pettifor, “The Next Crisis is Coming” Politics Joe (April 1, 2026)

Ann Pettifor, “Is the next financial crisis only a matter of time?” De Balie (February 16, 2026)

Daniel Roher & Charlie Tyrell, The AI Doc, or How I Became An Apocaloptimist (2026)

Matt Seybold, “Against Technofeudal Education” The American Vandal (June 10, 2025)

Matt Seybold, “The Technofeudal Text” The American Vandal (August 25, 2025)

Matt Seybold, “Mamdani Win Could Be The First Step Towards Seizing The Means of Knowledge Production” The American Vandal (November 5, 2025)

Matt Seybold & Eric Hayot, “The ‘Crisis In The Humanities’ Is Over. That’s Not a Good Thing.” Chronicle Of Higher Education (December 29, 2025)

Matt Seybold & John Warner, “The Technology That’s Taking Your Freedom” Academic Freedom On The Line (February 3, 2026)

Matt Seybold et al, “The Secret History of Canvas LMS, Corporate Raiders, & The Chatbot Bubble” The American Vandal (March 24, 2026)

Matt Seybold et al, “HBCUs & The Philanthrocapitalist Swindle” The American Vandal (February 4, 2025)

Jacob Silverman, “The Death of an AI Whistleblower” The Nation (May 2026)

Nick Srnicek, Silicon Empires: The Fight For The Future of AI (Polity, 2026)

Ben Tarnoff, “Frankenstein’s Regret” The Nation (May 2026)

Wake Forest Humanities Institute, “Language, Theory, & Artificial Intelligence” (May 2026)

McKenzie Wark, Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse? (Verso, 2019)"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jtBSC-ZgCI">
    <title>The Ideology of Contentmaxxing - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-23T04:54:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jtBSC-ZgCI</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The algorithm does to a discussion what Clavicular does to his face — a series of micro-fractures, delivered repeatedly and with precision, in the hopes that it will match a target number that nobody actually wants, but which the machine is thirsty for us to find."

[See also:

"Clavicular and contentmaxxing
the next step after groyperfication" (Aidan Walker)
https://howtodothingswithmemes.substack.com/p/clavicular-and-contentmaxxing

"Clavicular and Fuentes
elder zoomers vs. the young ones" (Aidan Walker)
https://howtodothingswithmemes.substack.com/p/clavicular-and-fuentes

(referenced within) "We are entering the era of Show more
The endless agony of thinking doing being content" (Jamie Cohen)
https://newmediahomework.substack.com/p/we-are-entering-the-era-of-show-more ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>aidanwalker metrics looksmaxxing content contentmaxxing quantification latefascistaesthetics aesthetics reality hyperrealism hyperreality socialmedia measurement 2026 algorithms microfractures machines economics fascism web online internet rationalism transhumanism ideology ritual louisalthusser althusser engagement institutions popularity platforms instagram tiktok grades grading taste socialcapital pierrebourdieu performance surveillance attention competition access success interestingness society fascistaesthetics bodies maximization optimization hyperoptimization credibility individualism dehumanization mutilation taboos fame andrewtate nickfuentes clipfarming sneako myrongaines tristantate malcontents jamiecohen jestermaxxing farright rightwing radicalization nihilism politics audience desperation extraction sadomasochism attentioneconomy self-harm men whitesupremacy normality radicalism subjugation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:23dcb76ab2b3/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://homegrownyouthcollab.com/">
    <title>Homegrown Youth Collaborative</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-23T03:54:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://homegrownyouthcollab.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Homegrown Youth Collaborative is a peoples school rooted in the Southern California and Tijuana border region. We are made up of young people and comrades organizing across borders to take back our education. Together with insurgent youth, families, and educators of the Global Majority, we build collective liberatory knowledge projects grounded in struggle, not school.

We are anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist, and abolitionist. We believe in national liberation, revolutionary socialism, and the power of collective study to fight empire.

What we do:

• We create political education programs that connect theory to action.
• We host skillshares, study groups, and workshops.
• We make our own journals and learning tools.
• We run cross-border gatherings and learning spaces.
• We support youth organizers through trainings and long-term political homebuilding.
• We plug youth into local and international movements fighting imperialism, policing, borders, and displacement.
• We build collective power through education, not for jobs, but for liberation.

Why we do it:

• Schools aren’t broken. They’re doing what they were built to do: sort, punish, and prepare working-class youth to serve empire.
• We reject the carceral logic of U.S. schooling.
• We believe youth don’t need classrooms to be theorists, and don’t need degrees to fight for life.
• Our way of studying looks different. We don’t memorize facts—we ask questions. We study contradictions. We study struggle. We take a dialectical and historical materialist approach to learning, rooted in the needs of the masses, not the rules of empire. We learn from movements across the world—in Palestine, Congo, Puerto Rico, Iran, the Philippines, and beyond—where people are fighting for land, life, and freedom. We honor all forms of resistance: everyday refusal, cultural survival, political education, direct action, and armed struggle. We believe in building people’s power, not making peace with empire.

Our learning is inseparable from care, from grief, from our neighborhoods, from our desire to live otherwise. We are building something different. And we hope you’ll build with us.

Support our work

Resourcing our work helps pay youth organizers, fund political education, and build the collective infrastructure we need to keep organizing across borders and across ages."

[See also:
https://www.instagram.com/homegrownyouthcollab

via Julie Choo:
https://www.are.na/julie-choo/ ]

[from the "Our Work" page:
https://homegrownyouthcollab.com/our-work

Grading Back School – Youth Power, Adult Supremacy, and Collective Demands

A two-part workshop for elementary and middle school students to “grade back” their school—not through test scores or behavior charts, but by creating their own report card rooted in collective power.

Through roleplay and storytelling, students will explore the everyday realities of school and ask critical questions about power: Who decides the rules? Who doesn’t? What happens when students don’t follow the rules?

We’ll connect these experiences to the concept of adult supremacy and how this system is a part of colonial and imperial rule, training young people to obey, not to question.

Affirming their right to struggle, students will practice writing a collective letter of demands to name what they want to see change at their school and what they know they deserve.

Albert Einstein Academies
April  24th and July 8th, 2025
2-4pm PST

***

Militarized Geographies: A Young Peoples Resistance to War and Schooling

In collaboration with Project Yano, Secret City SoCal, Palestinian Youth Movement San Diego, and Veterans for Peace. 

An intergenerational community workshop and film screening connecting the violence of militarism and young people’s resistance to militarization in the San Diego Tijuana borderlands, past and present. 

We will be screening two powerful short films: “Connie Stay Home,” which explores the anti-Vietnam War campaign in San Diego that mobilized thousands of people to vote against sending the USS Constellation aircraft carrier back to Vietnam, and “Yo Soy El Army,” which takes a critical look at military recruitment targeting Latino communities, particularly young people. Alongside the screenings, we will be countermapping the military presence in our schools and neighborhoods through a series of activities. We will also hear from youth organizers and elders from past and ongoing anti-imperialist and anti-war movements.

Centro Cultural de la Raza
January 25th, 2025
6-8:30pm PST

***

A Peoples History of Schooling: Un/Re-Learning Study/Working Group

An ongoing study/working group on a people’s history of education and people’s schooling. 

Using readings and archival material, we will be exploring the relationship between education and settler colonialism, prisons, war/militarization, labor, and imperalism to develop a material analysis of historical and present day conditions of the US education system and colonial/neo-colonial education internationally. How have people used militancy and popular education to resist subjugation and organize themselves toward self-determination?

As a working group, will also explore how we can translate our study to political education programming within our communities, particularly in the context of the US-Mexico borderlands in which Homegrown’s work has been rooted.

November 2024-February 2025
Tuesdays, 6-7:30 pm PST

***

Sowing Seeds for Learning Beyond Borders

An Allied Media Conference session through the Youth Liberation for Education Justice Track.

This session exposes how the colonial capitalist school system divides and alienates our communities and consciousness. Schools separate us by race, class, language, and ability, policing our bodies and controlling how we learn and move through the world. They sort students into rigid categories — tracking some as “winners” and others as “failures,” disciplining youth with surveillance and punishment, and erasing Indigenous, Black, and working-class histories and ways of knowing.

We will analyze how schools enforce borders between young and old, public and private knowledge, English speakers and multilingual learners, able-bodied and disabled students all to maintain capitalist social relations and control over labor and bodies.

Through collective analysis and creative brainstorming, we’ll reclaim intergenerational and community knowledge that resists capitalist alienation and state violence. Together, we’ll strategize how to dismantle these oppressive borders—physical, linguistic, generational, and epistemic—to build collective, abolitionist educational spaces grounded in solidarity and self-determination.

This is a call to disrupt, sabotage, and overthrow the schooling system that trains submission and reproduces capitalist domination so that our youth can learn to resist, organize, and build a world beyond empire.

Allied Media Conference  - Virtual
July 1st, 2022
11-12:30 am PST

***

Sonic Frontlines / Fronteras Sonoras

A three-part cross-border workshop and listening praxis rooted in our collective fight against settler-colonial borders and capitalist extraction. This intergenerational program, led by youth facilitators Ana Cossío García and Daniela Sandoval Argüelles, centers the San Diego–Tijuana borderlands as a frontline in the struggle for community sovereignty and liberation.

We will deep listen to the multilingual sonic landscape of our communities—labor, movement, memory, and survival—that the colonial state and capitalist forces try to silence and control. We will expose how these oppressive systems fragment our communities and erase histories.

Using sound as a weapon, we will dismantle the logistics of control by learning to build and wield pirate radio and autonomous media platforms. These tools disrupt imperialist communication regimes, reclaim stolen space, and stitch together ruptured networks of power and solidarity. 

This series is a practice in anti-imperialist solidarity, cultivating insurgent networks through sound.

Tijuana - 18 de marzo parque
San Diego - 99 cent store
August 6th, 2022
10am-1:30pm PST

***

How Schools Operate: A Teach-In and Resource Toolkit Release

An intergenerational teach-in with Radical History Club and Homegrown youth educator, Sophie. They will guide us through the histories of violence of the US education system and how schools operate as a means of assimilation to the status quo and as a factory worker training ground.

Libélula Books & Co
February 12th, 2022
4-6:30pm PST"]

[Contact:
https://homegrownyouthcollab.com/contact

Please email us at homegrownyouthcollab@protonmail.com if you’d like to get in touch.

If you are a young person looking to find a space to deepen your political education or build your organizing skills in practical, creative, and accessible ways, we’d love to hear from you! This is also a space for older educators and organizers looking to learn alongside and mobilize our next generation. 

We welcome inquiries from those who want help to develop classes, resource materials, activities or who would like us to facilitate a learning activity at your event. If you have questions or want to connect about a resource we’ve shared, we’d be happy to schedule a call!"]]]></description>
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    <title>'Students Are Being Treated Like Guinea Pigs:' Inside an AI-Powered Private School</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-18T17:54:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.404media.co/students-are-being-treated-like-guinea-pigs-inside-an-ai-powered-private-school/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Leaked documents reveal the inner workings of Alpha School, which both the press and the Trump administration have applauded. The documents show Alpha School's AI is generating faulty lessons that sometimes do "more harm than good.""

...

"Alpha School’s company Workflowy lists “ideas for enhanced tracking & monitoring of kids beyond screentime data.” The goal, according to the note written in Workflowy, was to monitor the way kids are using apps and then use AI to analyze that activity, flag inappropriate behavior like bullying or drug use, and produce a general report about what kids are doing. “Potentially can detect things like changes in friend group or sentiment to flag potential emotional issues to parents,” one bullet point said. 

Alpha School identified Bark, an app that allows parents to surveil their children’s online activity, as potentially offering some of these features, but also said it was “pretty limited” in what data it could get on what kids were doing on apps like Instagram. Alpha School then lists what it calls “hacky” ideas beyond “normal APIs” to get more data on what kids are doing. This includes “fake social media accout [sic] bots to follow the kids and collect what they like, post, comment, etc,” and “use the kid’s logins and scraping the data (would give not just public info like from following but also stuff like the DMs).”

Nothing 404 Media has seen in internal Alpha School documents or heard from former employees indicates that the company ever seriously pursued any of these ideas, but close surveillance of students is fundamental to how Alpha School operates. 

Alpha School makes an app called StudyReel, which monitors activity on a student’s screen, their computer camera and microphone, what apps and websites they’re using, and how they’re moving their mouse. If StudyReel notices that a student is using an unrelated website or app, idling, or not at their computer, the app can nudge them to get back to work. If StudyReel notices that a student is struggling with a particular question, it can direct them to an AI tutor or assign other lessons that will help them. 

Internally and in public messaging, Alpha School refers to these recordings of students as “game tape,” which it reviews in order to help students and improve its teaching. In October, a Wired investigation revealed how this close surveillance upset some students and eventually led their parents to pull them from Alpha School. 

The type of surveillance Alpha School uses on students is functionally identical to the type of surveillance used by Crossover, a platform that matches companies with remote workers. Crossover is also owned by Alpha School’s principal Joe Liemandt. Much like Alpha School, Crossover requires employees to install spyware on their computer that records their screens and tracks their mouse movements to make sure they are being productive. Previous reporting described Crossover as a “software sweatshop,” and that the company’s goal is to turn workers into “algorithms” and “human CPUs.”

“I think it would be great if people understand that Alpha School basically has the same psychological effects as Crossover,” one person with knowledge of Alpha School’s software told me. 

“The idea of installing software that tracks and records everything our kids do and is designed to not let us turn it off is understandably uncomfortable,” an employee who was listed as the product manager of StudyReel wrote in the Workflowy. “We need to do more to justify it, be better at selling it.” 

To do this, the product manager suggested the company “Find StudyReel recordings of students reading the coaching and enjoying it,” and to “Get consent from parents to use it as promotional material (too far?).”

Internally, Alpha School wrote that the “KEY MESSAGE” about StudyReel is that “99% of recordings are never watched by a human” and that “Your data is safe.” However, I saw that Alpha School maintains a spreadsheet which contains a list of student names, their grade, and an archive of their recordings which shows what’s happening on their screen, their remote tutor, and a video of the student taken via their webcam. This spreadsheet is not only available to anyone at the company, but is also shared in such a way that anyone on the internet who has the link can access the spreadsheet and the videos of students.

“If I wanted to, I could go there and just watch students. Anybody who worked in this capacity could watch the videos of students working on their laptops,” one Alpha School employee told me. “So many hours of just students’ faces [...] I'm not sure parents understand exactly what's going on with that data [...] I don't think that this is clearly communicated, because I'm sure there'd be a lot more opt outs if it was.”

Alpha School acknowledged my request for comment but did not provide one in time for publication. 

The former Alpha School employees I talked to all agreed that the company’s goal of condensing core education requirements to two hours of learning in order to give students more time for other, more enriching activities is a good, admirable goal. They also agreed that Alpha School students’ test scores are very high compared to the national average, though they credit the human “guides” at Alpha School for that accomplishment. 

Alpha School’s cofounder MacKenzie Price also admits in the interview with the Hard Fork Podcast that it’s possible the high test scores could be explained by selection bias. Alpha School is an expensive private school. Most students at Alpha School have parents who are concerned about their education and the financial means to send them there, which might be a bigger determining factor in their academic success. Multiple studies have shown that grades, SAT scores, and standardized tests are highly correlated with income. 

The issue according to these former employees is that Alpha School’s two hour learning program usually requires much more than two hours, and more importantly, that the AI products are not working as advertised. 

“Basically the claim that this is some AI magic and much more advanced than other tools is incorrect,” one former employee said. "

[See also:

"Inside an AI-Powered School"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fy-38hIhykQ

"This week we start with Emanuel’s wild story about Alpha School, a very hyped AI-powered school. Emanuel got leaked documents and spoke to former employees. After the break, Sam tells us what happens when someone decides to make an AI nudify OnlyFans with your likeness. In the subscribers-only section, Joseph tells us about the agencies buying GeoSpy, an AI that can geolocate photos in seconds.

2:49 - Understood: Deepfake Porn Empire: https://link.mgln.ai/N8BSUA
5:47 - 'Students Are Being Treated Like Guinea Pigs:' Inside an AI-Powered Private School: https://www.404media.co/students-are-being-treated-like-guinea-pigs-inside-an-ai-powered-private-school/
40:01 - 'The Most Dejected I’ve Ever Felt:' Harassers Made Nude AI Images of Her, Then Started an OnlyFans: https://www.404media.co/grok-nudify-ai-images-impersonation-onlyfans/

Image credit: Unsplash

Subscriber's Story - Cops Are Buying ‘GeoSpy’, an AI That Geolocates Photos in Seconds: https://www.404media.co/cops-are-buying-geospy-ai-that-geolocates-photos-in-seconds/ "]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://timothyburke.substack.com/p/academia-rigor-mortis">
    <title>Academia: Rigor Mortis - by Timothy Burke - Eight by Seven</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-16T04:01:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://timothyburke.substack.com/p/academia-rigor-mortis</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Work the problem from the other end. What do we know about the outcomes for the “A” students of yore, when the A allegedly really meant something? Well, there is some evidence, and it’s not really very comforting for the “we need accurate signals to sort meritocratic worth” camp. The famous Harvard Study of Adult Development, for example, shows both that meritocratic achievement isn’t well mapped to generally good life outcomes and that there have been a lot of B students who have done very well for themselves both in terms of being happy and healthy and in terms of leadership and contribution to society.

More anecdotally, I would point out that I’ve long kept my eye out in memoirs and biographies for a relationship between high academic achievement in college and general achievements in life (artistic, political, entrepreneurial, scholarly, and so on) and there doesn’t seem to be much of a correlation, let alone a clear line of causation, between doing an indifferent job as a college student and being a high-achieving person later on.

Except (perhaps) in one context: you are generally going to find that professors are people who excelled in school, received high grades, and overcame difficult academic challenges, in whatever era of rigor and intensity they personally passed through. Although you do meet astonishingly accomplished scholars and wonderfully gifted teachers who struggled in undergraduate or graduate work (personally, I sometimes think that’s why they are wonderful teachers and highly motivated scholars—they know how to teach and think their way to someone who isn’t a natural at it), broadly speaking academia is a place where high academic performance is the backdrop to becoming a professional and succeeding as one.

Since I think that the education I aspire to provide and the academic institutions I deeply admire are consequential for students and their futures, I believe that good outcomes follow from quality teaching. Since I think quality teaching involves strong feedback loops that include critical assessment of relative performance by individuals and expectations of improvement that can be described and measured, I agree there’s some relationship between what you set as expectations and about telling a student when they’ve fallen short of expectations. Since I agree that some of what I’d like to expect from students, like reading deeply and well or communicating with expressive distinctiveness, is changing at the moment and not for the better, I’m open to thinking about what to do about that change.

When I think about the difference between different students I’ve taught, I think both in terms of the cultivation of repertoires of skills and interests and the sharpening of a student’s ability to narrate their interests in relation to longer-term goals and ambitions. I think about the development of intrinsic motivations over four years and beyond. I see some students really improve in their relative performance within the skills and interests they’re narrowing towards and in how they explain what they know and want, and in the ways they work on their own motivations. I see some students actually get worse in these competencies, and sometimes it is because they’re not paying attention to what they’re doing. Sometimes they’re getting overwhelmed by contradictory guidance from family, professors, mentors, or poor-quality signals from the wider environment about the future that may await them. Sometimes I see a mismatch, that what a student is capable of is not what they’ve decided to do. Or I see a student who indulging some negative feedback loops in terms of clarity of thought, ambition and effort, for any number of reasons—poor mental health, self-pity, uncertainty, fear, anger at an institutional environment that is in fact not built for their presence or ambition. 

Sometimes I see students where I am absolutely confident that this is not the time for them to be in college, but that there will be a time. In many cases, the time to do it right will never come to pass if they don’t work through the time now. Sometimes it’s the lack of thriving now that makes an understanding of later thriving possible. I don’t know how to get that across to a student sometimes, and I’m really sure I don’t want to attempt to tell the world about it through one simple grade. Is that what a B- or a C means to people looking at a transcript? That shouldn’t mean “throw this person away”: it often means instead “put this in the wine cellar for a while and let it age, it’s going to be brilliant later on.”

I don’t think faculty anywhere should attach themselves easily to the maintenance of a past meritocratic ideology, nor assume that grades and standards once upon a time produced such a meritocracy via the maintenance of a clear signaling regime that was avidly consumed by several generations of employers and graduate institutions. If nothing else, that proposition crashes into a way of easy falsifiability by noting that political and economic leadership in the contemporary United States in 2026 is still very associated with past regimes of selective higher education and allegedly rigorous standards of achievement, despite the fact that numerous Ivy League graduates in the Republican Party have pronounced their unending disdain for the educations they rode into professional life and political power.

At the very least, the real actions and demonstrated skills of the people in power now may tell us that there is something far less directly causal about the standards and content of higher education and the professional comportment and ethics that follow from that training. I don’t see anywhere I look, in fact, a tight predictive relationship between how we have measured academic performance within a particular band of selective higher education in any era and any distribution of socioeconomic status or professional accomplishment later on. Let alone happiness, contribution to the world, love, joy, or wisdom. Whatever we do that matters, it matters in ways that are not so easily sorted and annotated. "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/ai-is-destroying-the-university-and-learning-itself">
    <title>AI is Destroying the University and Learning Itself</title>
    <dc:date>2025-12-15T04:54:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/ai-is-destroying-the-university-and-learning-itself</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Students use AI to write papers, professors use AI to grade them, degrees become meaningless, and tech companies make fortunes. Welcome to the death of higher education."]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://jasmi.news/p/from-counterculture-to-cyberculture">
    <title>from counterculture to cyberculture (ft. fred turner)</title>
    <dc:date>2025-09-26T01:36:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://jasmi.news/p/from-counterculture-to-cyberculture</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Stewart Brand, accelerationism, dating apps"

[on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TNg34K85-8

"Today's guest is Fred Turner, a Professor of Communication at Stanford and probably the best historian of Silicon Valley culture over the past 100 years
.
His book, From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism, is my favorite book on Silicon Valley's history, focusing on how hippies and hackers came together from the 60s to the 90s.

Fred is also one of the warmest, most enthusiastic storytellers I know—the kind of history teacher everyone wishes they had. You’ll leave this listen with a bunch of fun facts about the Whole Earth Catalog, Burning Man, and the Italian futurists; but more importantly, a deep appreciation for what humans and the humanities can offer.

01:00 The two types of Bay Area hippies
10:59 Military tech since the Vietnam War 
22:59 Disembodiment and dating apps
45:30 Zuckerberg, Chappell Roan, and the free market
1:02:50 Accelerationism from Mussolini to now
1:30:03 Teaching the humanities in 2025"]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://theimportantwork.substack.com/p/shifting-my-thinking-about-ai-in">
    <title>Shifting My Thinking about AI in the Classroom</title>
    <dc:date>2025-08-29T19:59:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theimportantwork.substack.com/p/shifting-my-thinking-about-ai-in</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Was I helping kids become critical thinkers or just assisting in the dumbing down of society?"

...

"When school starts back, some may still view me as an “AI Guy,” which I guess I’m OK with. But my view of that role has shifted. Now I want to get my students—and my colleagues—to think more critically about when, where, and why to use or not use AI. I recognize that there is great power in the technology and potential for societal good, just as there are many ethical, economic, and environmental questions that need to be addressed.

While all the issues around AI feel overwhelming, it’s injected new energy into my career, which is a rarity for someone starting his 30th year as a teacher. Part of that energy comes from trying to keep current on ever-changing AI developments. Part of it comes from fear of being replaced by some future teaching bot. And part of it comes from the inspirational community I’ve discovered among others thinking critically about AI. Most urgently, I feel energized to do what I can to preserve and nourish the humanity in my students and colleagues.

What that will look like exactly in my classes, I don’t know. I do know I can’t keep teaching the way I have been. For now, I won’t be using AI with my students. Yes, AI is sexy and fun and efficient, but I haven’t seen enough credible evidence (is there any?!) to show that it helps develop young readers, writers, and critical thinkers. I hope by unplugging from screens, conversing face-to-face, writing by hand in class, reading more books, and slowing down instead of speeding up, my classes can put more value on what is real and authentic.

I used to find myself asking, “How can I get more AI in my classes?” This year, I think the question to ask is “How can I get more human in my humanities classes?” I still plan on keeping AI close, just maybe a little closer to me and a lot farther from my students."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYqeL-4GG6Q">
    <title>The War on Kids and Student Resistance: An interview with author and filmmaker Cevin Soling. - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-11T21:26:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYqeL-4GG6Q</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Cevin Soling is critical of compulsory schooling for many reasons that he documents in his film The War on Kids. He also provides action-oriented ideas in his book The Student Resistance Handbook. We talk about why school takes up more and more of children's time while producing less and less knowledge, self-awareness, and social connection for students.

PLEASE NOTE:
The Student Resistance Handbook and The War on Kids are available from www.spectaclefilms.com.

The War on Kids can also be streamed on Amazon.

Raised to Obey: The Rise and Spread of Mass Education by Agustina Paglayan is available from your favorite bookstore."

[See also:

"The Student Resistance Handbook"
https://spectaclefilms.com/products/student-resistance-handbook

"The Student Resistance Handbook provides students with information on how they can effectively fight back against their school and work towards abolishing this abusive and oppressive institution. Legal non-violent tactics are presented that are designed to: disrupt the operation of school, substantially increase the costs involved in its operation, and make those who work for and support schools as miserable as they make the students who are forced to attend."

"The War On Kids DVD"
https://spectaclefilms.com/products/the-war-on-kids-dvd

"“A shocking chronicle of institutional dysfunction” – New York Times

“A startling wake-up call about appalling conditions prevailing in American schools” – Variety

“Must-see documentary” – The Huffington Post

Focusing on public education, The War on Kids demonstrates how American public schools have become modeled after prisons in response to fear and a burgeoning intolerance of youth. The oppressive environment that students are subjected to, coupled with brutal responses to any transgression including the drugging of children,are shown to have long-term repercussions beyond creating a generation of dysfunctional adults. Ultimately, democracy itself is under siege.

The War on Kids is a documentary on Public Education in America. While several documentaries on schools have come out since The War on Kids, these films tend to be either propaganda for charter schools or look at symptoms without any appreciation or understanding of underlying issues. To be a great documentary, it is essential to do the necessary work and dig deeper to uncover the heart of the problems observed. The numerous failures and pathologies associated with school are predominantly due to its autocratic structure. Because no one wants to voluntarily relinquish power, this fundamental problem is never addressed or even recognized.

Duration: 88 Minutes
Subtitles: English

Filmmakers
Director: Cevin Soling
Executive Producer: Cevin Soling
Producer: Jeremy Carr, Dawn Fidrick, and Cevin Soling
Cinematographer: Jeremy Carr
Editor: Jeremy Carr
Music: Martin Trum
Press and Awards
Best Educational Documentary – NY International Independent Film and Video Festival
Featured on The Colbert Report and MSNBC
“A shocking chronicle of institutional dysfunction” – New York Times
“A startling wake-up call about appalling conditions prevailing in American schools” – Variety
“Must-see documentary” – The Huffington Post"]

[Lots of messiness and conjecture in here. Wish I had the time right now to leave some notes annotating the things that I find incorrect, self-contradictory, or problematic in here amongst the stuff that I do agree with.].]]]></description>
<dc:subject>cevinsoling unschooling schools schooling compulsory 2025 education johntaylorgatto patfarenga authoritarianism resistance children childrensrights oppression abuse institutions howwelearn learning deschooling youth abolition schoolabolition forgetting boredom adolescence obedience authority curiosity empathy neurosis anxiety depression assessment grades grading ptsd surveillance alienation democracy meaning meaningmaking compliance insurrection civildisobedience helplessness self-worth self-esteem children'srights</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://sfstandard.com/2025/06/18/san-francisco-schools-grade-inflation/">
    <title>Critics say SF schools inflate grades. Here's what the data shows</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-18T20:14:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://sfstandard.com/2025/06/18/san-francisco-schools-grade-inflation/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Records indicate that SFUSD is, in fact, not lowering standards for disadvantaged kids."

...

"The recent furor over the San Francisco Unified School District’s aborted plan to experiment with what it called “grading for equity” invoked a familiar specter: grade inflation. 

As the district floated, then abandoned the plan — which would have involved allowing students to retake tests and excluding homework performance from grades — some critics suggested that the city’s K-12 schools are already overly generous in their pupil assessments. One attendee at a school board meeting asserted that grade inflation is “a huge issue across the district.” 

Nationwide, high school GPAs have risen steadily for years — a trend that’s spreading to colleges too. An EducationWeek pundit lamented that “the evidence of grade inflation is incontrovertible.”

But is that true in San Francisco?

In a word, no.

The Standard analyzed GPAs over the last decade at SFUSD middle and high schools and found that the district’s B average held steady, along with standardized test scores. The picture that emerges is not of a school district lowering standards for disadvantaged kids, as critics of “grading equity” anticipated. Schools don’t shy away from giving Ds and Fs to struggling students — even those who are homeless or attend “second-chance” alternative schools.

New York Times parenting columnist Jessica Grose claimed that “test scores have gone down while grades have gone up” across the country amid fears that grade inflation has papered over “an education depression.” A Los Angeles Times analysis found the grades-and-test-scores disconnect across that city’s high schools in 2022. But SFUSD has defied that narrative.

Across SFUSD, test scores have remained largely unchanged.

[chart]

In general, the better a school performs on standardized tests, the higher the average GPA, demonstrating that fears of grades being untethered from test performance are misguided.

However, in the case of prestigious Lowell High School, data from standardized testing provides ammunition to those who worry that grades have become divorced from test scores: Since 2014, proficiency on math standardized tests dropped from 85% to 66%, as the average GPA remained 3.4.

GPAs vs. standardized math test scores in 2023-24

[chart]

Of the schools where average grades rose the most over the past 10 years, test scores and GPA ranged widely — but none jumped more than roughly a third of a point.

High school average GPA change since 2014-15

[chart]

Middle school average GPA change since 2014-15

[chart]

At SFUSD middle schools, just over half of grades were A’s, according to a one-time district data release from fall 2022. In high schools, 48% of students were awarded the top mark in English and 41% in math.

Some educators say district policies make it harder for them to give out low grades. They point out that in order to fail a student, they must first contact the parents and often have to provide opportunities for makeup work. 

“If a student is missing 90 assignments, administrators say it’s more equitable to truncate that to 15, which gives students an incentive to goof around,” said one SFUSD teacher who asked to remain anonymous for fear of reprisal.

But poor grades are hardly rare: 19% of high school math grades were a D or F, according to data from fall 2022, as were 15% of English grades. 

Roughly one in three math grades given to hundreds of homeless high schoolers were Ds or Fs, showing that the district isn’t going easy even on the most vulnerable students. The alternative Ida B. Wells High, which enrolls students who have struggled in traditional academic settings, has an average 1.85 GPA, the lowest in the district. 
‘The data should make you cry’

Studies have demonstrated the demoralizing impact of low grades on attendance, fueling a vicious cycle of truancy. At Ida B. Wells, 96% of students are chronically absent. 

That dispiriting dynamic inspired Bay Area education consultant Joe Feldman, a former teacher and principal, to devise the system he called “grading for equity.” Feldman’s classroom experiences led him to believe that grades should reflect what students know by the end of the class — based on tests that can be redone, not on in-class participation.

“We’ve built a grading system that disincentivizes students to persevere when they make mistakes,” he said. “A zero on an early homework assignment can pull down the grade so that sometimes it becomes mathematically impossible for a student to pass the class by the second week.”

Even some of the proposal’s skeptics say the blowback has been more visceral than thoughtful. SFUSD analyst Paul Gardiner wrote in his blog: “In a different universe, one could imagine conservatives being the ones pushing for” the initiative, since “there are no participation trophies: you don’t get an ‘A’ just for showing up.”

But that message was lost last month when Feldman found himself in a firestorm after an article in The Voice of SF about “grading for equity” led to criticism from Mayor Daniel Lurie, Rep. Ro Khanna, and San Jose Mayor Matt Mahan.

Feldman got a call from an unknown number. “How could a 41% be a C?” the caller berated, citing the article’s opening paragraph. 

It wasn’t, Feldman explained. He had no idea where that claim came from, he told the caller, and pointed out other inaccuracies in the article.

“I’m not surprised by the skepticism, because people are naturally skeptical of change,” Feldman said. “I was surprised people didn’t represent the ideas accurately, and that they didn’t reach out to me.” 

Overlooked amid the blowup over grading for equity was newly released data showing that only 5.8% of Black sixth-graders are proficient in math. “The data should make you cry and make you want to pull your hair,” SFUSD Superintendent Dr. Maria Su told the board.  

The fight over how students are graded may be missing the more urgent question: why so many are failing in the first place."]]></description>
<dc:subject>sfusd sanfrancisco 2025 grades grading assessment education schools schooling publicschool misinformation gradingforequity anyakaiser jessicagrose us standardizedtesting rokhanna joefeldman teaching howweteach pedagogy daniellurie mattmahan mariasu</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/04/07/falling-behind-miseducation-americas-boys">
    <title>Falling Behind: The Miseducation of America's Boys | On Point</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-16T23:10:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/04/07/falling-behind-miseducation-americas-boys</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["American boys are falling behind in academics as early as eight years old. It’s a gap that only grows as those boys become men.

This special On Point series explores why America’s boys are falling behind in school, and what can be done about it.

Episode breakdown

Episode 1. Do we treat boys like malfunctioning girls? - Boys are falling behind academically from the earliest ages. What’s happening in elementary schools that’s leading to that — and what would it take to fix it?

https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/04/14/falling-behind-boys-malfunctioning-girls-education

Episode 2. Troublemakers - There’s a discernible difference in the behavior of boys and girls at elementary school age. Yet expectations about how they behave and perform in the classroom are the same. What are the differences, and how do they shape the years to come for boys and men?

https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/04/15/troublemakers-perception-behavior-boys-school-falling-behind

Episode 3. The opportunity gap - By every academic metric, Black boys are falling even further behind than white boys. They graduate at lower rates, have lower test scores, higher rates of special education, and are suspended and expelled more often. On Point goes into classrooms that are bucking that trend to find out what they are doing, and what other schools could learn. Hear the episode on April 16.

https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/04/16/black-boys-education-falling-behind

Episode 4. Where have all the men gone? - Today, male teachers make up less than a quarter of the public school teaching force. And while the number of male teachers joining the profession has only been declining over the past few decades, the number of male teachers leaving it has been increasing. What’s driving men away, and what would it take to bring them back? Hear the episode on April 17.

https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/04/17/falling-behind-men-teaching-decline-boys-education

Episode 5. 'We're in jail with our emotions' - Teenage boys learn men are supposed to be strong, and vulnerability isn't strong. Believing that makes it hard to identify when mental health is suffering. On Point takes listeners inside a school that's created a culture around building strong, emotionally vulnerable men. Hear how those lessons can help teen boys before they enter adulthood. Hear the episode on April 18.

https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2025/04/18/falling-behind-emotions-boys-loneliness-school "]]></description>
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    <title>Audrey Watters on the dangers - Talk Out of School - Apple Podcasts</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-17T20:40:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/audrey-watters-on-the-dangers-of-using-ai-in-the-classroom/id1490313171?i=1000693084199</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Chancellor Melissa Aviles-Ramos, Feb. 12, 2025, A Message for Families Regarding Non-Local Law Enforcement, https://www.schools.nyc.gov/about-us/messages-for-families

AP, Feb. 11, 2025, DOGE cuts $900 million from agency that tracks American students’ academic progress
https://apnews.com/article/ies-musk-doge-education-cuts-4461d7bdbe9d55c5a411d8465999b011

Stars and Stripes, Feb. 7, 2025, DODEA adds lessons to ‘do not use’ list sent to schools worldwide
https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2025-02-07/dodea-removes-book-pending-review-16753412.html

Scripps News, Feb. 14, 2025, Public schools face deadline to remove DEI policies or lose federal funding
https://www.scrippsnews.com/us-news/education/public-schools-face-deadline-to-remove-dei-policies-or-lose-federal-funding

WaPost, Feb. 14, 2025, Park Service deletes trans references on Stonewall Inn monument pagehttps://www.washingtonpost.com/travel/2025/02/13/stonewall-transgender-lgb-national-park-service/

Stonewall National Monument website, https://www.nps.gov/ston/index.htm

Wash Post, Feb. 4, 2025 Here are the words putting science in the crosshairs of Trump’s ordershttps://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2025/02/04/national-science-foundation-trump-executive-orders-words/

On the Media, Feb.17, 2025. Donald Trump is Rewriting the Past.
https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/articles/donald-trump-is-rewriting-the-past-plus-the-christian-groups-vying-for-political-power

MSNBC, Feb. 14,, 2025 At confirmation hearing, Linda McMahon refuses to say Black history courses will be allowed
https://www.msnbc.com/the-reidout/reidout-blog/linda-mcmahon-black-history-dei-trump-rcna192301

The 74, Feb. 13 Stunned Education Researchers Say Cuts Go Beyond DEI, Hitting Math, Literacyhttps://www.the74million.org/article/stunned-education-researchers-say-cuts-go-beyond-dei-hitting-math-literacy/

Audrey Watters blog https://audreywatters.com/blog/ and https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/
Audrey Watters on AI Foreclosure https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/ai-foreclosure/

CNN, Oct. 13, 2024 With AI warning, Nobel winner joins ranks of laureates who’ve cautioned about the risks of their own work
https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/13/health/nobel-laureate-warnings-ai/
Statement on AI Risk, https://www.safe.ai/work/statement-on-ai-risk

Michael Gerlach, AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/1/6 "]]></description>
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    <title>The Audrey Watters episode - by Helen Beetham</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-03T20:27:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/the-audrey-watters-episode</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As we sink further into the pit that is the Musk/Trump presidency, who better to survey the hellscape on the way down than Audrey Watters, ed tech’s sharpest and toughest commentator? If you don’t know Audrey’s work, you really should. You’ll find her Second Breakfast newsletter in the shownotes, along with a link for her book, Teaching Machines, and plenty more that came up in our discussion. It’s the first imperfect x breakfast cross-over on the pod, and I hope it won’t be the last.

Audrey’s newsletter, Second Breakfast: https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/

Audrey’s book Teaching Machines https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262546065/teaching-machines/

Simone Brown on the origins of surveillance in the management of plantation labour: https://journals.kent.ac.uk/index.php/klr/article/view/1100

Emily Bender and Timnit Gebru (et al’s) famous paper: On the dangers of stochastic parrots: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3442188.3445922

Recent critique of this paper from a posthumanist perspective, referenced by Helen: https://posthumanism.co.uk/jp/article/view/3287

Meredith Whittaker on Babbage, computers and plantation labour: https://logicmag.io/supa-dupa-skies/origin-stories-plantations-computers-and-industrial-control/

Reid Hoffman ‘AI will empower humanity’ in the NYT, referenced by Audrey: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/25/opinion/ai-chatgpt-empower-bot.html

The article is paywalled but there is an interview with similar takes here: https://techcrunch.com/2025/01/26/why-reid-hoffman-feels-optimistic-about-our-ai-future/

A recent Guardian UK article on the ‘Paypal Mafia’: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jan/26/elon-musk-peter-thiel-apartheid-south-africa

Peter Thiel’s argument that freedom and democracy are incompatible, referenced by Audrey: https://www.cato-unbound.org/2009/04/13/peter-thiel/education-libertarian/. This is also referenced by Curtis Yarvin and Nick Land in support of their Dark Enlightenment neo-reactionary movement: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment

Links between Palantir (Peter Thiel’s company) and the US military: https://www.palantir.com/offerings/defense/air-space/

Helen’s original substack post on Faculty AI (a new one follows shortly): https://helenbeetham.substack.com/i/139080460/safer-ai-round-two

AI Snake Oil, blog of the book by Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor, discussed by Audrey and Helen:
https://www.aisnakeoil.com/ "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/the-dan-macquillan-episode">
    <title>The Dan MacQuillan episode - by Helen Beetham</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-17T18:23:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/the-dan-macquillan-episode</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this episode I talk to Dan MacQuillan, Lecturer in Creative Computing at Goldsmiths, and author of Resisting AI: an Anti-fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence. I read this in 2022, as soon as it was published, and it remains for me one of the most vivid, provocative and relevant critiques of ‘artificial intelligence’ as a project. Here, Dan speaks about the continuities between today’s machine learning models and earlier projects of categorising and disciplining people. We discuss how education is implicated in these architectures and how educators might resist. Dan has been a star of podcasts with tens of thousands of listeners, so I am deeply grateful that he made time to talk to me on this first episode of Imperfect Offerings in sound.

Links

Dan’s home page: https://www.gold.ac.uk/computing/people/d-mcquillan/

Resisting AI: and Anti-Fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence from Bristol University Press: https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/resisting-ai

Dan’s ‘other’ podcasts on Resisting AI: https://www.transformingsociety.co.uk/2023/07/17/the-extensive-and-unconventional-reach-of-dan-mcquillans-resisting-ai/

On Arendt’s diagnosis of ‘thoughtlessness’ as a feature and an enabler of fascism: https://danmcquillan.org/arendtandalgorithms.html

On AI colonialism and the likely impacts on the Global South: https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/12/17/ai-global-south-inequality/ or https://www.technologyreview.com/supertopic/ai-colonialism-supertopic/

On algorithmic states of exception: https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/11079/

Wikipedia article on the Situationists: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationist_International

And on Guy Debord’s Society of the Spectacle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle

“All that was once directly lived has become mere representation”"]]></description>
<dc:subject>danmacquillan 2025 helenbeetham ai artificialintelligence computing education howweteach teaching highered highereducation resistance situationists colonialism aicolonialism colonization guydebord societyofthespectacle algorithms globalsouth hannaharendt generativeai fascism technology antifascism donaldtrump jdvance transparency opacity marginalization border borders productivity learning howeelearn criticalthinking summarization distraction bubbles aibubble computers generativity noise tools michelfoucault foucault power literacy medialiteracy continuity reductiveness labor work austerity neoliberalism economics politics policy thoughtlessness thinking howwethink decisionmaking decisions process reading howweread business outsourcing luddism luddites neouddites situationist kenknapp buereauofpublicsecrets polycrisis climatecrisis climatechange legitimacy globalwarming climate diversion crises artificialgeneralintelligence surrealists datacenters environment capitalism jeffbezos geoengineering amazon tesla t</dc:subject>
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    <title>The Futility of Schooling by Ivan Illich | Collective reading - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-29T00:56:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxLlsXupCDY</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>ivanillich unschooling deschooling education schooling schools 2024 marianaludmila latinamerica class marginalization inequality systems systemsthinking institutions policy funding government pmc professionalmanagerialclass equality society compulsory childcare industrialization children youth adolescence agesegregation childlabor teachers teaching independence autonomy certification sorting cars transportation colonization environment colonialism universalschooling capitalism economics criticalthinking compliance obedience subservience bourgeoisie middleclass us europe russia southamerica feudalism oppression grades degradation grading submission privilege academics opportunity dropouts status urbanization achievement success schoolingindustiralcomplex educationindustrialcomplex ideology indoctrination elitism access productivity consumption consumerism tradeschools paulofreire cheguevara fidelcastro violence repression fascism karlmarx maotsetung utopia communism socialstructure maozedong</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:7f8f21f1cb15/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.presidioknolls.org/news/news/2024/10/25/why-we-dont-use-letter-grades">
    <title>Beyond Letter Grades: PKS's Holistic Approach to Assessment — Presidio Knolls School</title>
    <dc:date>2024-10-29T00:05:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.presidioknolls.org/news/news/2024/10/25/why-we-dont-use-letter-grades</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Teachers in the PKS Middle School assess students frequently in a variety of ways, from 1:1 check ins, to rubrics, to tests and quizzes, to marginalia on their essays. We are a feedback rich program, and believe communicating clearly and directly with students about their work is the best way to help them grow. Some of the tools we use for assessment are standardized and used all around the world, others are program-specific and designed by our faculty.

One thing we never do is reduce feedback to a letter or number grade. Our commitment to eschew letter/number grades in favor of more nuanced forms of feedback is, in fact, a foundation of our approach to teaching and learning. And we are proud to be leading a broad movement [https://www.edutopia.org/article/will-letter-grades-survive ] of 21st century schools [https://mastery.org/mtc-member-schools/ ] approaching assessment from a researched-based, holistic perspective.

Why don’t we grade? 

First, grades are crude and opaque where feedback should be personalized, rich, actionable, and transparent. Teachers should have the skill and the time to explain clearly to students what they are doing well and what they need to improve. An “82” doesn’t do that. In fact, research shows [https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/case-grades/ ] that no matter the quality of feedback, if it is attached to a grade it is largely ignored. Students flip to the back of an essay to look at the grade and don’t read the comments, or see the number at the top of a math test and don’t analyze what they have mastered and what they must improve. Grades are reductive symbols and a shortcut around the hard work of responding individually to the work of each student, celebrating what they have achieved, and explaining to each student how his or her work can continue to progress and develop.

Second, we want a feedback system that encourages students to pursue academic rigor. Why attempt a difficult project if the result might be a B when you can do an easy project and get an A? Schools that grade see students making the rational choice to avoid academic rigor and pursue the “easy A.” Middle schoolers are like bloodhounds for hypocrisy, and they immediately sense it when a teacher or parent says, “challenge yourself!” while also saying, “keep your grades up.” Schools that do not grade can more honestly coach students to work at the edge of their stretch zone.

Third, we believe feedback should encourage a growth mindset, and grades irrevocably move students towards a fixed mindset. The “C” in 6th grade English becomes the story the child tells herself (“I’m a bad writer”). The “A” in science tells a student he needn’t strive for more (“my work is done”). When teachers do not grade and instead tell ALL students how to meet the next challenge, and do so without labels, there is no danger of a student settling on a fixed belief so early in their exploration of the world and of their cognitive development.

Fourth, grades introduce an authoritarian element into the classroom. In the Dewian tradition, we believe our work is to train our students to become engaged, effective, passionate citizens. It is the job of a citizen to think critically, to question authority, and to be suspicious of hierarchy. We believe the consequences of living the most formative years of your life in systems that normalizes hierarchy is a threat to democratic values. We will not participate in this paradigm. Our teachers are respected by students because of their humanity, their inspiring lessons, and their care, not because they have the power to reward and punish. 

Fifth, grades tend to encourage a misguided adjudication of assessment: “Why did I receive a B when I deserved a B+?” Students and parents sense the alchemy in any grading system, the inevitable arbitrary and capricious nature [https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/improving-grading-in-high-school/ ] of a grade. Teachers who are forced to grade must pour their most precious resource - time - into defending the indefensible. We want 100% of our teachers’ energies going into challenging each student, learning more about them, and engaging with them on a joyful journey. We do not want one moment wasted on questions of semantics.

Sixth, since grades communicate to students that some things matter and others don't, schools that grade end up with warped programs [https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-no-students-dont-need-grades/2018/01 ]. Math gets graded in most schools, communicating that math is important (which it is). But the way you treat your peers is not graded, communicating that whatever lip service is paid to this value, it isn’t very important. Students get it: you grade me on the things you actually want me to care about. At PKS, we actually care about student health, their moral development, their mindfulness, their ability to self-assess and choose to stretch themselves.

Seventh, there are metacognitive benefits for students when we do not coddle them by telling them exactly what to do and how to do it. At PKS, students are asked to name what they need to accomplish and receive 1:1 coaching to help them develop independent habits of passionate, creative work. We want our students to receive an assignment, head off to work, and return with gorgeous, unexpected results. Grades undermine [https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-05867-001 ] intrinsic motivation and self-regulation and are part of what has created an army of bright but timid graduates who need bosses to tell them exactly what to do and how to do it. PKS graduates will leap over this millennial malaise.

Finally, perhaps most importantly, we believe that grades distract from the joy of learning. Our classrooms are celebrations of creativity, of grit, of tinkering, of struggle, of offering complex responses to challenging cross-cultural problems. We want our learning community to be one in which passionate teachers challenge, support, and inspire their students. And we want our students striving to be their best selves unencumbered by fear of (shudder!) a “B.”

Selected Resources

Alli Klapp (2015) Does grading affect educational attainment? A longitudinal study, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 22:3, 302-323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2014.988121

Björn Högberg, Joakim Lindgren, Klara Johansson, Mattias Strandh & Solveig Petersen (2021) Consequences of school grading systems on adolescent health: evidence from a Swedish school reform, Journal of Education Policy, 36:1, 84-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2019.1686540

Gardner, H. (1991). The unschooled mind: How children think and how schools should teach. New York: Basic Books.

Pulfrey, C., Buchs, C., & Butera, F. (2011). Why grades engender performance-avoidance goals: The mediating role of autonomous motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(3), 683–700. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023911

Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci, “When Rewards Compete with Nature: The Undermining of Intrinsic Motivation and Self Regulation,” in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, Sansone and Harackiewicz, eds. (Educational Psychology, 2000).

Jack Schneider & Ethan Hutt (2014) Making the grade: a history of the A–F marking scheme, Journal of Curriculum Studies, 46:2, 201-224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2013.790480

Schinske J, Tanner K. Teaching More by Grading Less (or Differently). CBE Life Sci Educ. 2014;13(2):159-166. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.cbe-14-03-0054

Grant Wiggins, “The Case for Authentic Assessment,” Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation: Vol 2, Article 2(1990)."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://yaschamounk.substack.com/p/abolish-grades">
    <title>Abolish Grades (A Modest Proposal) - Yascha Mounk</title>
    <dc:date>2024-08-30T18:26:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://yaschamounk.substack.com/p/abolish-grades</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The new school year is about to start!

To mark the occasion, I am sharing with you my reflections on rampant grade inflation at American universities—and the surprising step we should take to tackle the problem."

...

"The grading system at American universities is an embarrassment. The best solution would be to take the simple, if somewhat brutal, steps to end grade inflation. But if that is not in the cards, then it’s time for universities to admit that the emperor has no clothes. If reestablishing more demanding standards turns out to be impossible, then the second best option may be to put an end to the whole charade.

According to my “modest proposal,” universities would make all of their courses pass-fail, a practice that has already been adopted by some elite law and business schools. Students would still have to submit their assignments and meet the minimum standards that are now expected of them. But they would no longer be able to pretend that they had been recognized for exceptional achievements.

Abolishing grades is much worse than a grading system that makes real distinctions between students. But by the same token, it is much better than the status quo."

[via:
https://blog.ayjay.org/abolish-grades/

"I’ve definitely become an easier grader in the past few years, simply because I’ve been worn down over the decades — I’ve been teaching for forty-two years! — by all the grade-grubbing, attempts to game the system, loophole-searchers, and sad stories about “what my parents will do to me if I don’t get an A.” I could teach until I drop, but the combination of grading and an ever-more-bloated administrative apparatus will eventually drive me into retirement."]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/tutoring-undermines-the-validity">
    <title>Tutoring Undermines the Validity of GPA More Than the Validity of SAT Scores</title>
    <dc:date>2024-08-28T14:54:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/tutoring-undermines-the-validity</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["GPA, a metric with holes big enough to drive an ideology through"
]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.honest-broker.com/p/the-real-crisis-in-humanities-isnt">
    <title>The Real Crisis in Humanities Isn't Happening at College</title>
    <dc:date>2024-04-01T19:41:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.honest-broker.com/p/the-real-crisis-in-humanities-isnt</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Our problem is in the real world—not the ivory tower—and so is the solution"]]></description>
<dc:subject>tedgioia humanities 2024 colleges universities motivation highered highereducation education grades grading socialmedia culture arts literature childlabor labor work</dc:subject>
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<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:cdaaed547364/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eegzTvPT6xY">
    <title>An Honest Living: A Memoir of Peculiar Itineraries with Steven Salaita - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-14T18:34:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eegzTvPT6xY</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this episode we welcome Steven Salaita back to MAKC to discuss his most recent book An Honest Living: A Memoir of Peculiar Itineraries

Book Description:

In the summer of 2014, Steven Salaita was fired from a tenured position in American Indian Studies at the University of Illinois for his unwavering stance on Palestinian human rights and other political controversies. A year later, he landed a job in Lebanon, but that, too, ended badly. With no other recourse, Salaita found himself trading his successful academic career for an hourly salaried job. Told primarily from behind the wheel of a school bus―a vantage point from which Salaita explores social anxiety, suburban architecture, political alienation, racial oppression, working-class solidarity, pro­fessional malfeasance, and the joy of chauffeuring children to and from school―An Honest Living describes the author’s decade of turbulent post-professorial life and his recent return to the lectern.

Steven Salaita was practically born to a life in academia. His father taught physics at an HBCU in southern West Virginia and his earliest memories are of life on campus and the cinder walls of the classroom. It was no surprise that he ended up in the classroom straight after graduate school. Yet three of his university jobs―Virginia Tech, the University of Illinois, and the American University of Beirut [AUB] ―ended in public controversy. Shaken by his sudden notoriety and false claims of antisemitism, Salaita found himself driving a school bus to make ends meet. While some considered this just punishment for his anti-Zionist beliefs, Steven found that driving a bus provided him with not just a means to pay the bills but a path toward freedom of thought.

Now ten years later, with a job at American University at Cairo, Salaita reconciles his past with his future. His restlessness has found a home, yet his return to academe is met with the same condition of fugitivity from whence he was expelled: an occasion for defiance, not conciliation. An Honest Living presents an intimate personal narrative of the author’s decade of professional joys and travails."]]></description>
<dc:subject>stevensalaita millennialsarekillingcapitalism 2024 academia highered highereducation palestine israel colleges universities zionism capitalism anxiety quiet socialpressure socialfunctions cliques labor work antizionism solitude grace jaredware oppression repression censorship principles solidarity media circumspection rulingclass brandequity radicalism orthodoxy careerism socialmedia compromises medialiteracy gatekeeping tastemakers activism scholars scholarship promotion education socialcapital cliquishness decolonization kinship community ostracism exposure mainstreammedia transactionalrelationships aspirations branding personalbranding audience ideas discussion debate networking values transactional conversation organizing presence onlinepresence internet online culture algorithms attention consumerism 2014 2017 ulteriormotives motivation politics workplacepolitics workplace left socialdemocrats exploitation sensationalism snitching snitches busdriving schoolbus children language immigrants us unemployment</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWnzkjUAZnQ">
    <title>Fred Moten on Palestine and the Nation-State of Israel - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2023-11-12T04:49:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWnzkjUAZnQ</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Fred Moten will join live to talk about Palestine, decolonization, settler colonialism, and the nation-state of Israel. 

Fred Moten is a cultural theorist, poet, and scholar whose work explores critical theory, black studies, and performance studies. Moten is Professor of Performance Studies at New York University and Distinguished Professor Emeritus at University of California, Riverside. He along with Stefano Harney co-authored The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning & Black Study and All Incomplete with Stefano Harney. He is the author of the Consent not to be a single being trilogy and numerous volumes of poetry among other work."

[cleaned-up audio-only version here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avrGDvwKhM0
https://millennialsarekillingcapitalism.libsyn.com/a-dam-against-the-motion-of-history-fred-moten-on-palestine-the-nation-state-of-israel
https://open.spotify.com/episode/6XaYJuf8MnRm8rB4MS10bB
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-dam-against-the-motion-of-history-fred/id1292638162?i=1000634483115

"This is the slightly cleaned-up audio of our most recent conversation with Fred Moten.

 This was recorded on October 25th. Given the evolution of this struggle and the increasingly genocidal character as well as the ongoing resistance, our comments if we were to hold this discussion today on November 11th would undoubtedly be different. 

 Nonetheless I think a lot of what we cover remains important and we wanted to try to create an audio version of this conversation which held true to the character of the original which we will link in the show notes, but also share it with our broader audience, much of whom prefer the audio format. The audio quality of this version is hopefully also slightly better than the original YouTube version.

 I would note that we now have fourteen of these livestreams up on our Youtube channel which everyone can check out. All of them are related to this current struggle for Palestinian liberation as well as the struggle against the genocidal settler violence we see unleashed on Gaza with full support material, ideological, military of the US as a settler empire in particular and the institutions and governments so-called Western World writ large. 

 I want to acknowledge and shout-out everyone who is taking action and trying to deepen and expand their own anticolonial practices in these times until Palestine is free, until we all are free.

 Once again thank you to Fred Moten for this conversation

 If you like our work of course you can as always support our work on patreon or by becoming a member of our YouTube channel. Thank you for listening and I hope you are finding new comrades in the streets every day.

 Fred Moten's conversation with Robin DG Kelley, Aqua Cooper & Rinaldo Walcott that is mentioned in the episode

 Previous episodes with Fred Moten &amp; Stefano Harney, and his conversation with Hanif Abdurraqib that we've hosted."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>fredmoten 2023 palestine israel statements rhetoric language discourse humanity rights rightstoexist manolocallahan humanism history context states state humans brutality collectivepubishment colonialism settlercolonialism colonization antisemitism us uk zionism christianzionism via:javierarbona conviviality study human philosophy jaredware whiteness unfinished imperfection sylviawynter frantzfanon complexity morality ethics others othering anticolonialism decolonization conversation thinking howwethink foucault michelfoucault coloniality nyu guggenheim detachment work labor colonialintent malcolmx howweread reading grades grading classroom highered highereducation academia art artworld practice praxis solidarity westbank gaza indigeneity indigenous nationstates blackstudies robinkelley robindgkelley rinaldowalcott indeterminacy surveillance suppression resistance optimism jazz teaching howweteach education learning howwelearn organizing organization generalstrike petitmarronage webdubois walterbenjamin saidi</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-A0W29J3zQ">
    <title>Is AI Going to RUIN Writing For Good? (w/ Corey Robin) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2023-09-07T23:27:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-A0W29J3zQ</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This week, author, professor of political science, & political theorist Corey Robin joins Briahna Joy Gray on Bad Faith to unpack his recent article about how AI is disrupting how writing is taught across the country. The tech/ Chat GPT has gotten so good that it's nearly undetectable, and the temptation to cheat on at home essays is making many teachers consider whether all essay writing should happen in class. But the trade offs are obvious: Should limited class time time be taken up by in class essays? Is it worth asking whether the pedological benefit of at home essays is worth losing dynamic, socratic in class learning. What are we trying to teach kids with long form writing assignments anyway. Is writing obsolete? Should we lean into technological help in writing the way we've all become accustomed to spell check? Didn't Captain Kirk teach us that rigging technology to help you ace a test isn't actually cheating at all?"

[See also:

"The End of the Take-Home Essay? How ChatGPT changed my plans for the fall"
https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-end-of-the-take-home-essay

"How ChatGPT changed my plans for the fall"
https://coreyrobin.com/2023/07/30/how-chatgpt-changed-my-plans-for-the-fall/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhSCXBkfjZw">
    <title>Why I Quit Teaching to Unschool | Leaving the Classroom on my Homeschool Journey || BlackDad - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-01-30T05:17:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhSCXBkfjZw</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This is why I quit teaching middle school to homeschool my 2 kids using the unschool method. I spent 6 years in education and loved it... until I started to come to grips with some of the problems with the American education system. This video explains why I retired from teaching and why teachers decide on leaving the classroom. This isn't a negative view of my former school specifically, but a general observation of why I believe school is flawed. Every parent and family is different, so you may or may not want to take your kids out of school to homeschool or unschool them. Ultimately these are the 3 reasons why I quit teaching and have decided to unschool my kids.

0:00 hook and Intro
0:31 how school is Inefficient
5:13 how school kills creativity & individuality
9:43 how school fails to prepare students for the future"]]></description>
<dc:subject>education learning unschooling deschooling children 2021 teaching schools schooling schooliness compulsory howweteach grades grading differentiation inefficiency memorization memory individuality horacemann creativity prussia obedience compliance jwil blackdad</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtekkKzrssA">
    <title>Ep. 30 - Tiersa McQueen, Unschooling Mom of Four, Proponent of Alternative Education - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2021-08-18T18:48:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtekkKzrssA</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Last week on the show, Matt Barnes and Catherine Fraise welcomed unschooling mother and advocate Tiersa McQueen! Learn how she keeps her 14-year-old, 13-year-old, and 9-year-old twins engaged -- feeding their curiosity on their own self-directed #unschooling path!

When Tiersa McQueen first explored #alternativeeducation models for her four children, she was far from pulling the trigger on #unschooling. Like most parents, the concept was entirely foreign, even hare brained for her. She'd heard from all the naysayers that she may be irreparably "damaging" her kids. 

Besides, she worked full time. How would unschooling or even homeschooling work out? 

Hear how she decided to pull the trigger on #unschool, what a typical day in the life of an #unschooler looks like, and more, in our full interview with Tiersa McQueen."]]></description>
<dc:subject>tiersamcqueen 2021 unschooling deschooling parenting education learning mattbarnes catherinefraise schooling videogames freedom liberation families howwelearn learningallthetime self-directed self-directedlearning homeschool trust relationships socialization experience curiosity internet online web fear anxiety gender race boys interests work society lifelonglearning alc culture universality universalexperience covid-19 coronavirus pandemic add adhd oppositionaldefiancedisorder schooltoprisonpipeline schooltoworkpipeline schools control behavior responsibility canon collegeboard community bipoc akilahrichards johnholt testing grades grading schooliness agesegregation stigma ranking measurement</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.instagram.com/p/CODcNeEMLVq/?igshid=u1tqr1jsv27b">
    <title>indigenizing arts education🪶 on Instagram: “&quot;How does perfectionism show up in your practice? or, ways we perpetuate white supremacy + settler-colonial culture as arts educators.&quot;…”</title>
    <dc:date>2021-04-24T22:49:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.instagram.com/p/CODcNeEMLVq/?igshid=u1tqr1jsv27b</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[""How does perfectionism show up in your practice? or, ways we perpetuate white supremacy + settler-colonial culture as arts educators."

✅IS THE CREATION PROCESS VALUED?

If you provide grades or feedback, do learners receive grades and feedback on process or product?

❌IS A PRODUCT THE GOAL?

✅Do learners know it's ok to not "finish" a project or assignment? How is their process affirmed as the valuable component?

✅By honoring process, you affirm the value of learning as a radical act. Of mistakes as vulnerability. ❌Product-centered classrooms breed competition and disrupt connection.

✅Process-centered classrooms affirm the right to make mistakes, to grow publicly, to take your time, to reflect. Process-centered classrooms make space for connection over competition.

🫀Honoring process is traditional."]]></description>
<dc:subject>grades grading teaching howweteach assessment unfinished 2021 whitesupremacy settlercolonialism arteducation education perfectionism learning howwelearn unschooling deschooling feedback pedagogy mistakes vulnerability process competition connection relationships howwelearned</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/zunguzungu/status/1382365982862188547">
    <title>Aaron Bady on Twitter: &quot;In idle moments--when not doing my professional work as an editor of written content--I wonder if the original sin of essay writing in schools is the assumption that no one would ever want to read the things students write, and so </title>
    <dc:date>2021-04-15T05:21:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/zunguzungu/status/1382365982862188547</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In idle moments–when not doing my professional work as an editor of written content–I wonder if the original sin of essay writing in schools is the assumption that no one would ever want to read the things students write, and so the entire exercise becomes about evaluation

When I edit something someone is writing, we WORK TOGETHER (ideally) to produce a thing to be read by people other than me; when I’d grade papers, an antagonistic relationship between student and teacher always interposed itself, because the paper was ultimately FOR evaluation

(I don’t mean to diminish all the different creative workarounds that people have come up with for this problem, but there it still is, isn’t it)

(Ironically, I think my years of working as a professional editor would have made me a much better English professor, even though those are the very years in which my PhD “went bad” and I became an unemployable pariah (even if there were academic jobs, which there are not)

A good example of what most of the time DOESN’T happen:
@scottsaul4’s class put together a legitimately fun publication analyzing Key and Peele sketches: https://ageofobama.berkeley.edu/key-and-peele/

Some of it is very “student work” but a lot of it is also kind of outstanding and thought-provoking."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/stevesalaita/status/1344744900756180992">
    <title>Steven Salaita on Twitter: &quot;My politics have changed since I left (&quot;left&quot;) academe. You don't really understand the depth of conditioning into imperialism (and into relentless self-importance) until you're free to think beyond the industry's insidious, pe</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-01T20:53:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/stevesalaita/status/1344744900756180992</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“My politics have changed since I left (“left”) academe. You don’t really understand the depth of conditioning into imperialism (and into relentless self-importance) until you’re free to think beyond the industry’s insidious, pervasive structure of rewards.

One thing you never learn in academe: it’s okay to shut the fuck up every now and again; nobody in the Global South is actually waiting around for your opinion.

https://twitter.com/jaybeware/status/1344779448369876992
“we’re all addicted to being graded, which is to say degraded” –Fred Moten

https://twitter.com/jwillia2/status/1344761080493572096
The marketing of self is really rampant. I’ve never been into it within the academy. I try hard to share my thinking and writing with the public at large since they drive change and in need of ways to conceptualize the problems we all face. They are my tutors as well.

https://twitter.com/GrosMorne29/status/1344765636627427328
it seems that the self-marketing has gone over the top in the new age of twitter, no? i don’t remember it to be this insistent - even a year ago. maybe it’s a side effect of the Rona?

https://twitter.com/stevesalaita/status/1344783811276648448
It seems like it, yes. I suspect it has to do with the subscriber economy. Everyone’s a little corporation unto themselves.

https://twitter.com/GrosMorne29/status/1344799799938224129
that’s exactly it! (this has me i’m thinking about the patreon model, too!)

https://twitter.com/crawjo_1/status/1344753621225906181Me too. I went from being an academic to becoming a middle school teacher. That leap really underscored how destructive the culture actually is, and how relentlessly it rewards self-importance. I had no desire or ability to market myself, so I “left.” Well, fine.

https://twitter.com/bruce9876/status/1345068407696338946
Exactly. And people have financial motivations on places like Substack to go over the top, the main fin motivation is uniqueness, not accuracy or political effectiveness.

I call the phenomena Taibbism.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/DavidOBowles/status/1313246219905437701">
    <title>David Bowles (Mācuīl Ehēcatl) 🏳️‍🌈 on Twitter: &quot;I’ll let you in on a secret. I have a doctorate in education, but the field’s basically just a 100 years old. We don’t really know what we’re doing. Our scholarly understanding of how le</title>
    <dc:date>2020-10-05T23:54:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/DavidOBowles/status/1313246219905437701</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“I’ll let you in on a secret. I have a doctorate in education, but the field’s basically just a 100 years old. We don’t really know what we’re doing. Our scholarly understanding of how learning happens is like astronomy 2000 years ago. 

Most classroom practice is astrology.

https://twitter.com/oonziela/status/1313192396922986504

<blockquote>Here’s something I am wondering… as a parent… Why are there so many tests happening during remote learning? Aren’t there other ways to assess at this point that would be more logically aligned with the type of learning environment students are in?</blockquote>

Before the late 19th century, no human society had ever attempted to formally educate the entire populace. It was either aristocracy, meritocracy, or a blend. And always male.

We’re still smack-dab in the middle of the largest experiment on children ever done.

Most teachers perpetuate the “banking” model (Freire) used on them by their teachers, who likewise inherited it from theirs, etc.

Thus the elite “Lyceum” style of instruction continues even though it’s ineffectual with most kids.

What’s worse, the key strategies we’ve discovered, driven by cognitive science & child psychology, are quite regularly dismissed by pencil-pushing, test-driven administrators. Much like Trump ignores science, the majority of principals & superintendents I’ve known flout research.

Some definitions.

Banking model --> kids are like piggy banks: empty till you fill them with knowledge that you're the expert in.

Lyceum --> originally Aristotle’s school, where the sons of land-owning citizens learned through lectures and research.

Things we (scholars) DO know:

-Homework doesn’t really help, especially younger kids.
-Students don’t learn a thing from testing. Most teachers don’t either (it’s supposed to help them tweak instruction, but that rarely happens).
-Spending too much time on weak subjects HURTS.

Do you want kids to learn? Here’s something we’ve discovered. 

Kids learn things that matter to them, either because the knowledge and skills are “cool,” or because …

… they give the kids tools to liberate themselves and their communities.

Maintaining the status quo? Nope.

Kids are acutely aware of injustice and by nature rebellious against the systems of authority that keep autonomy away from them.

If you’re perpetuating those systems, teachers, you’ve already freaking lost.

They won’t be learning much from you.

Except what not to become.

Sure, you can wear them down.

That’s what happened to most of you, isn’t it? 

You saw the hideous flaw in the world and wanted to heal it. But year after numbing year, they made you learn their dogma by rote.

And now many of you are breaking the souls of children, too.

For what?

It’s all smoke and mirrors. All the carefully crafted objectives, units and exams.

WE.

DON’T.

KNOW.

HOW. 

PEOPLE.

LEARN.

We barely understand the physical mechanisms behind MEMORY. 

But we DO know kids aren’t empty piggy banks.

They are BRIMMING with thought.

The last and most disgusting reality? The thing I hear in classroom after freaking classroom?

Education is all about capitalism. 

“You need to learn these skills to get a good job.”

To be a good laborer. To help the wealthy generate more wealth, while you get scraps.

THAT is why modern education is a failure.

Its basic premise is monstrous. 

“Why should I learn to read, Dr. Bowles?”

Because reading is magical. It makes life worth living. And being able to read, you can decode the strategies of your oppressors & stop them w/ their own words”]]></description>
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    <title>Dana Simmons on Twitter: &quot;My kid started Jr. High last week. He couldn't stop talking about how much he loved his History teacher. This afternoon we found him in tears, overcome by stress and self-doubt. His grade for his first short answer homework: 50/1</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-02T17:57:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/DanaJSimmons/status/1300639757165191170</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“My kid started Jr. High last week. He couldn’t stop talking about how much he loved his History teacher.

This afternoon we found him in tears, overcome by stress and self-doubt. His grade for his first short answer homework: 50/100.

…It was graded by an @EdgenuityInc algorithm.

Teachers, for your students’ sake: I get it, teaching online is overwhelming and you can’t do it all. _Please_, use the algorithm to track their learning. But don’t post to them as if it’s a measure of their performance. It’s more destructive than you know.

I see this hurt unfold in my child, caused by an automatic grading algorithm that values only rote repetition, even as I’m reading @Jessifer and other beautiful writing about ungrading. Well, that’s it, I’m done.

I should add that I told him how to game the @EdgenuityInc algorithm: write long answers, include lots of proper names, read the “right” answers and replicate them. This evening he got 80/100, a 30-point spread. What is he learning here?

Algorithm update. He cracked it: Two full sentences, followed by a word salad of all possibly applicable keywords. 100% on every assignment. Students on @EdgenuityInc, there’s your ticket. He went from an F to an A+ without learning a thing.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272275976454537216">
    <title>Dan 태영 on Twitter: &quot;It is absolutely wild and unjust that in many/most schools, you can be *expelled* for having bad grades. Imagine that you were on a hike on a mountain with a group. The group says: if you fall behind, we will kick you out of our gr</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-20T01:46:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272275976454537216</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“It is absolutely wild and unjust that in many/most schools, you can be *expelled* for having bad grades.

Imagine that you were on a hike on a mountain with a group. The group says: if you fall behind, we will kick you out of our group and leave you behind. Is this a good group? https://twitter.com/av_rose_ev/status/1271978534001471490

<blockquote>social workers can move like cops. public health workers can move like cops. academics can move like cops. teachers and school administrators can move like cops. policing is built into the fabric of so many of our public institutions and infrastructure. we must undo that.</blockquote>

Is it really a place for learning, or a place for fear and competition? Institutions of supposed learning have been sites of policing where you have to be “good enough” to not be exiled. This is deeply violent and policing and harmful. Grading is part of this: a tool of policing

Learning has been systematically harmed by teaching: a culture of grades and exile as primary forms of punishment. As a teacher I can “feel” the expectations and uncertainties of school culture from my students. Institutions of teaching don’t easily support cultures of learning.

This makes me incredibly angry. Every class, it takes a while to get to a place where we can experiment and find things together: the norms of the school is so strong, in all of us. What do we expect, having spent time in schools that hold a carceral mindset? Or an elitist one?

There are alternatives: treat classes like reading groups, or a exploratory research group, where you discover things together. There is only an us. Knowledge isn’t transmitted from teacher to student, rather, learning is about playing together, finding more ways to play together

Learning isn’t lectures; it’s co-learning / cooperative / collective organizing. So many good thinkers and practioners and writings along this line Montessori, Vygotsky, Illich, Ranciere, La Paperson, Jo Freeman. (Do you know any - esp by bipoc?)

Where are the places where learning (not teaching) is really supported and celebrated? Where are the centers of learning that put learning first, that really let us remember what it’s like to discover and explore and be curious, that can actively undo trauma around schools?

Imagine teachers without the inner cop, prison. It’s one thing to do it in a classroom, but we NEED to feel this energy across an entire institution, a joyous co-conspiratory energy of researching and finding and sharing with each other. Full of support, care, mutual respect.

<blockquote>so grateful to @jeffreymoro for articulating so clearly the category of educational “cop shit” (“any pedagogical technique or technology that presumes an adversarial relationship between students and teachers”) & the need to get it out of the classroom https://twitter.com/jeffreymoro/status/1228345239984918528 </blockquote>

https://twitter.com/melanieh0ff/status/1272304035748610048

<blockquote><3 [bell hooks, teaching to transgress] [image with the following quote]

<blockquote>Traditional education deemphasizes the reality that professors are in the classroom to offer something of ourselves to the students. The erasure of the body encourages us to think that we are listening to neutral, objective facts, facts that are not particular to who is sharing the information. We are invited to teach information as though it does not emerge from bodies.
 
Significantly, those of us who a re trying to critique biases in the classroom have been compelled to return to the body to speak about ourselves as subjects in history. We are all subjects in history. We must return ourselves to a state of embodiment in order to deconstruct the way power has been traditionally orchestrated in the classroom , denying subjectivity to some groups and according it to others. By recognizing subjectivity and the limits of identity, we disrupt that objectification that is so necessary in a culture of domination. 

- bell hooks</blockquote>

</blockquote>

Some other actual steps to do: don’t have grades / have pass-fail grades / actively encourage risk-taking (and incorporate in grade metrics, if grades are required) so that students are encouraged to explore new territory and projects that may not work well

The teacher can be a facilitator, not a lecturer, and class time should be facilitated like a collective organizing meeting: cooperative, organized around group discussions, readings, projects, sharing. The teacher is like an field trip leader through a landscape of learning

A mistake (I’ve made before) is also for the teacher to “do nothing”, let students do “anything”, which is akin to a field trip that goes nowhere. A really good field trip does all the planning and logistics to mobilize planes, trains, so that a group can then explore further

Another mistake is to erase the teacher/student distinction altogether, which in my opinion is unethical and confusing because instead it conceals a power relationship that is present, rather than being open about it and altering it to be more about accountability

the joyous moments in teaching have been about exploration, opt-in curiosity, moments in the classroom open to the unknown, a shared discussion and rumination about finding and thinking about projects, of sharing resources together, of giving each other feedback

Teachers and students are roles upheld by an institution and a power relation. The learner is an identity that can’t be forced upon anyone, only chosen by each person. The best learning contexts are when everyone in the classroom, including the “teacher” is a learner.

What would an abolitionist, anti-policing approach to schools? What are the opposite of grades? What would this look like at a level larger than the classroom, but at the scale of the cohort, a community?

Schools are not just microcosms of society; they are future societies. They are self-fulfilling prophecies, in that they train us to recreate the societies we experience inside of them. An abolitionist caring society would have caring, supportive, anti-policing schools.

classes where you learn how to dance and move your body. classes where you learn how to facilitate a meeting, make working groups. spaces where you realize that nobody is in control / everyone has agency. classes where everyone is oriented in a circle, listening to each other.

oriented in the same direction, like a school of fish, trying to find something together. oriented outwards, as if we are exploring a city of thought and agree to meet back in a few hours, with photos and notes of things we’ve discovered.

classes where suggestions upon suggestions from everyone builds on each other, hilariously, and together we try something new out and see what happens. classes where rigor is generous, rigor is solid and firm and friendly. classes where nobody knows what will happen at the end!!

What did your schools teach you about its societies? about how to live, and what you wanted or didn’t want? About power, and policing, and safety? What was the most safe and exciting learning environment (school or not) you have been part of?

(Also! I’ve been collecting a very incomplete set of resources here around pedagogy: https://are.na/dan-taeyoung/active-pedagogy and cooperative practices https://are.na/dan-taeyoung/facilitation-conversation-strategies-not-concepts )

More thoughts:

<blockquote>Gifted programs are so deeply problematic. I wonder if it’s a white supremacy dynamic, the formation of an “elite” / for certain students “gifted” by an extrahuman force (suspiciously like manifest destiny). And more often than not, it harms even the kids who go through it twitter.com/davidhuber_/st </blockquote>”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277838307544662018">
    <title>Dan 태영 on Twitter: &quot;as much as I loved my grad arch school, part of this project needs to be about understanding how the formal/aesthetic aspects of my architectural pedagogy might be deeply racist, or denialist in the privileging of form, concept, ag</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-19T21:23:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277838307544662018</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[noted here previously: https://twitter.com/rogre/status/1278804306506874880

“Here is a long thread on anti-racism, decolonization, anti-patriarchy, abolitionism, transformative justice, collectivism, and more that is worth your time even if you’re not in architecture and/or education. Read it through whichever lenses you wear. via @sevensixfive

How does an observation like this reframe your thinking? Will it convince you to look to different sources of reading and thought as you consider a post COVID-19, post-ACAB Spring world? I hope so https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277862405108891648

<blockquote>Is this just a coincidence, that the Black-led abolitionist occupation is about sharing space next to each other while the oft white-dominated Occupy was about having enclosed, personal territories?</blockquote>

“The dream school isn’t a school.” ❤️ 

One of my lenses is K-12 lens, and this list is important to me. It’s also important that bell hooks comes first, as she references Freire specifically critiquing his attitude to gender especially, challenging him

https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277891278353678336

<blockquote>The dream school isn’t a school.

An abolitionist society doesn’t need cops for us to be safe OR schools for us to learn. As bell hooks & Ivan Illich & Paulo Freire write: we can have deschooled society and liberatory & transgressive learning.
we keep us safe / we teach each other</blockquote>

Considering “the dream school isn’t a school,” an abolitionist and transformative future, and voices that build upon the past while addressing our time, here are two pointers (among so many great options) for additional reading.

1. Akilah S. Richards’s Fare of the Free Child podcast and forthcoming book Raising Free People: Unschooling as Liberation and Healing Work
https://raisingfreepeople.com/podcast/
https://pmpress.org/index.php?l=product_detail&p=1145

+

2. Leanne Betasamosake Simpson’s essay “Being with the Land, Protects the Land” and book As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance
https://abolitionjournal.org/being-with-the-land-protects-the-land-leanne-betasamosake-simpson/?fbclid=IwAR2M8qr9CaeXOLs9q3kaGcCxkrhqnbCveEFCGmrnLE7RHwWiqIDhavHLJFM
https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/as-we-have-always-done

one more from Leanne Betasamosake Simpson: “Land as pedagogy: Nishnaabeg intelligence and rebellious transformation” https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/des/article/view/22170 ”

[image with abstract]]

“as much as I loved my grad arch school, part of this project needs to be about understanding how the formal/aesthetic aspects of my architectural pedagogy might be deeply racist, or denialist in the privileging of form, concept, agency, design in architectural spaces

design focused on authorship, identity, difference is deeply problematic. It treats space as being about trying to be as “non-fungible” as possible, a “unique product” rather than a living thing that is deeply connected to our notions of community and relation

the notion of “new designs” is also deeply problematic; (I forget whose argument this is) 
The focus on newness is a fundamentally market driven understanding of architecture, where value is achieved through distinction from other spaces. Spaces $ because they’re not like others

most of architectural pedagogy is a kind of giant commodity fetishizaton of a space. architecture is valued by a logic that is a logic of the market, not about SPACE ITSELF. How space is monetarily priced becomes how space is valued.

Or in other words: in architecture, instead of really caring about space first, then understanding second that different spaces might have different prices on a real estate market.. 

we are conditioned to care about space based on how much a profit oriented market pays for it

And the qualities of the market have actually become transmuted into the default pedagogical philosophies of most “”top”” architecture schools. This is what Marx calls reification - things appearing to have inherent ‘properties’ that actually come from social relations

A real estate market being reified into pedagogy would focus on newness and innovation in the studio pinup as a method to have unique and desirable “products” of space, teach implicitly that we should strive to have designs that are different from each other, a product mindset

A property-ist pedagogy influenced by fine art historical (art market) discourse would focus on authorship, and celebrate designers by tossing around their names, or focus on their bodies of work, or focus on the idea of “The Practice”

The commodity-ist architecture pedagogy/discourse that we seem to have is all about space, design, form, concept, all about space itself, focusing on the qualities of the commodity, not its relations, not its participation within an ecology of social relations and politics

Let me be specific: are architects trained for spatial contexts where “not designing anything” is the right answer? NO. Hence the “design a better border wall / design a better prison trap”. What would design pedagogy be if it was open to the possibility of not designing?

And I don’t mean some sort of shitty paper architecture conceptual play (very fun and meaningless tbh). I mean not designing where the “design” is the problematic part, the “architecture as commodity” is the part to transform

What would an architecture school, a spatial school look like, when commodity logics aren’t absorbed and taken as pedagogical logics??

What would an architecture school look like if space was defetishized, seen for what it actually FEELS, SUPPORTS, CREATES between people - and we used that logic of social relations and politics instead?

At this school, the anticapitalist, the antiracist, decolonialist, abolitionist, transformative justice school of my dreams, our dreams, design projects would not result in a jury or a critic. Instead, you would have a group that you’re working with, and the end of the project ..

would result in the entire group just saying thoughtful and nice things about the group’s project. This would be because the whole POINT of the semester would be about learning to facilitate a conversation, to cooperate  and listen, and find a consensus around the shared project.

Projects would not be thought of as “design” projects and representations would focus on social systems, politics, emotions, proxemics, rather than just visual aesthetics. Like Fanon’s sociogeny but applied onto space

As the coordinator of an exploratory arch representation course for all M.Archs at Columbia GSAPP, I’m working on this, but want to push it further. Every architectural representation should involve a discussion on the politics of that type of representation.

Not just the politics of renderings, say, but even asking the question: why the fuck is it that in architecture school, pedagogy continues to focus on an examination of even a drawing “about” the building - plans, sections, diagrams, renderings, etc etc

Why do attempts to answer this question often seem to land in a politics-bereft and easily instrumentalized paper architecture that just continues the commodity fetish space, then playing back into boosting architectural representation even further

I know what I’m saying might seem like an “old topic” in arch and the same argument gets rehashed over and over — but I am talking about arch pedagogy’s need to deeply connect to to radical politics and social justice and the pedagogy that would emerge from it

(This is getting strangely long-winded, so I will try to summarize in another thread)

(Actually, I may just have to keep on going for now and summarize later)
tldr: arch pedagogy logic is real estate logic

Context: I’ve been down at #OccupyCityHall / #abolitionplaza for a few days. It feels growing, shining, caring, safe, funny, excited, calm. I remember being at Occupy Wall Street during grad school days. No exaggeration - my understanding of space permanently changed afterwards

A friend - Demitra K - and I, after going to Zuccotti, would go into the @ColumbiaGSAPP studios and tried to tell our friends that going there was so much more important to our architectural education than a studio. We’d coax friends to come

Now I see: the societies that we can envision though OWS and occupy city hall are and have to be abolitionist futures, transformative justice futures, one in which our understanding of space needs to be DEEPLY connected to space, social relations, community care, repair

In a carceral society, our understandings of space are deeply connected to imprisonment, and also property and boundary. How has the PIC wormed its way into our architectural imaginations? How has white supremacy and fear of the Other fundamentally structured space?

At zuccotti, people mostly slept in enclosed tents; at abolition plaza everyone sleeps outside, next to each other. the abolitionist chant is that we keep us safe.

Is this just a coincidence, that the Black-led abolitionist occupation is about sharing space next to each other while the oft white-dominated Occupy was about having enclosed, personal territories?

IN ANY case, back to pedagogy. If we understand and see what space can ACTUALLY finally be about, then pedagogy needs to shift - from commodity pedagogy to transformative justice pedagogy

What would a transformative justice spatial pedagogy look like day to day, in its practice, not in theory? Some thoughts: 

(caveat: I am still learning and I imagine that many people are probably doing this Work already. I can see how much more I can learn and am excited for it)

1. No final reviews. architectural review culture is real estate product culture. Communal collaboration culture would like discussing, listening, laughing, exploring. https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1277849313616502784

<blockquote>At this school, the anticapitalist, the antiracist, decolonialist, abolitionist, transformative justice school of my dreams, our dreams, design projects would not result in a jury or a critic. Instead, you would have a group that you’re working with, and the end of the project ..</blockquote>

When you finish a project you should feel like you collaborated or facilitated an great time working on a hard project with people. Reviews being performances is deeply deeply problematic, the more we think about it.

2. No fucking grades. Not only do grades get in the way of learning, GRADING CULTURE IS COP CULTURE https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272275976454537216

<blockquote>It is absolutely wild and unjust that in many/most schools, you can be *expelled* for having bad grades.

Imagine that you were on a hike on a mountain with a group. The group says: if you fall behind, we will kick you out of our group and leave you behind. Is this a good group? https://twitter.com/av_rose_ev/status/1271978534001471490 </blockquote>

In the grad students I’ve had in the past 6 years of teaching, SO Amuch of my teaching has been about undoing harm and trauma around grades so that we can actually LEARN and explore as a group, not as a coercive student-teacher power dynamic

At least, that’s what my own teaching has _attempted_, about pushing against grading culture within an already toxic environment of high pressure architecture Ivy League grad school.

(This isn’t a subtweet of  GSAPP specifically, which at least has pass fail and a reportedly more thoughtful studio culture compared to other organizations, but an indictment of something endemic across Architectural Discourse and capA architectural pedagogy)

3. Spatial designs aren’t visual ones. Aesthetics and vision are de-emphasized. Architectural image culture is real estate commodity culture.

4. Projects aren’t expected to be “new” and “original”, nor are they expected to be historical. Architectural projects aren’t compared between each other, or at least done so to avoid commodity culture. Architectural newness culture is commodity branding culture.

5. Architecture teachers (if they exist)  have roles based on the ideal ways that space is collectively altered:
 
facilitator-trainers (collaboration), 

engineers (building &planning), 

movement organizers (supporting & maintaining),

‘play’ers (joy, pleasure, connection)

6. Group classes (if they exist) are structured like collective research practices, specifically so that each person’s work benefits and enriches everyone else’s https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272396060623765504

<blockquote>oriented in the same direction, like a school of fish, trying to find something together. oriented outwards, as if we are exploring a city of thought and agree to meet back in a few hours, with photos and notes of things we’ve discovered.
Show this thread</blockquote>

(And I actually have specifc actionable ideas on how to structure a class like this, using Zoom and collaboration tools for the fall semester, and am planning my classes this way. Happy to share more)

The Jigsaw learning technique, developed as a racial desegregation learning practice in 1971 in the US, or @niloufar_s’s lab’s idea of a Hive collective formation process http://niloufar.org/publications/2018/HIVE_CSCW2018.pdf are inspiring me lately for ways to think about this kind of pedagogy and play

7. (should be #1 but I had thought it was too obvious)
The pedagogy curriculum is grounded in reading anti-racist, decolonialist, abolitionist thought, especially by Black feminist writers, being able to deeply SEE spaces of a deeply problematic history and a yearned-for future

every thought I read and encounter and learn from is personally and slowly blowing my mind, and I catch these really powerful glimpses of what that abolitionist future could be

8. Spatial projects are understood to be social, financial, racial, about gender, race, class, education, access, oppression, bias. Where is the STS (Science and Technology Studies) of architecture? (Is geography studies like this? is there a geography “design” studies?)

9. Spatial projects begin the conversation around MAINTENANCE,  not construction. I mean: spaces are thought of as maintained ecologies and gardens, not as an environment that is “built”. 
@stewartbrand: “A building is not something you finish. A building is something you start”

Thinking about the @The_Maintainers, @shannonmattern on maintenance and care (https://placesjournal.org/article/maintenance-and-care/?cn-reloaded=1), Mierle Laderman Ukeles’s work, and @adriennemaree’s Emergent Strategy, connecting movement work to space
https://placesjournal.org/article/maintenance-and-care/

This is, of course, often feminized labor or termed ‘domestic labor’ and  implied to be undesirable; this would be feminist antipatriarchical pedagogy, classes or reading groups would discuss how spatial discourse & pedagogy has been deeply distorted and limited by the patriarchy

10. At this school, conversations would fundamentally involve talking about space, exclusivity, access. How a space can aesthetically transmit hostility or exclusivity that align and PERFORM with racism and classism https://twitter.com/autotheoryqueen/status/1273283366079561728

<blockquote>The gender binary is part of the carceral continuum from the bathroom — where trans & non binary people are policed, attacked and arrested — to the prison. Trans liberation is an abolitionist affair.</blockquote>

Or how binary-gendered bathrooms are a spatial layout that actively construct and reinforce a gender binary, as @QSAPP_ and @QSPACEarch and @melanieh0ff have been thinking about https://twitter.com/autotheoryqueen/status/1273283366079561728

<blockquote>The gender binary is part of the carceral continuum from the bathroom — where trans & non binary people are policed, attacked and arrested — to the prison. Trans liberation is an abolitionist affair.</blockquote>

11. Oh and this should be #2, also too obvious I forgot: 
architectural pedagogy would be explicitly grounded in studies and histories of spatial inequality, redlining, displacement, and systematic racism. (Not once in my time in M. Arch school did I learn about Seneca Village!)

Okay. And because I have to go to bed, I will end this list (even though there’s so much more) with my dream of a transformative abolitionist school:

The dream school isn’t a school.
An abolitionist society doesn’t need cops for us to be safe OR schools for us to learn. As bell hooks & Ivan Illich & Paulo Freire write: we can have deschooled society and liberatory & transgressive learning.
we keep us safe / we teach each other

The dream school is a society, a collective — thnking of @melanieh0ff’s heartful, touching Code Societies at @sfpc https://sfpc.io/codesocieties2020/

<blockquote>SFPC | Code Societies Winter 2020
The School for Poetic Computation (SFPC), based in NYC, is a hybrid of school, artist residency and research group where students develop a deep curiosity of what it means to work poetically in…</blockquote>

This transformative architectural “school” or learning society would be about *taking care of a space together.*

Imagine this:
The learning collective is also a community center. We collectively run programs and maintain/change the building.

We learn and discuss how to maintain, update, create community programs. How do we change the space accordingly? We discuss, listen, argue, laugh. We think about social, political, ecological impact. We renovate the building, or try new technologies if they help us serve others.

In this learning community, learning society, we learn about space by… making it. Shaping it. Creating it. Thinking about finances, space, accessibility, budget, anti-racism, decision-making process, transformative conflict resolution, harm repair. And we have fun doing so!

Perhaps this long thread is another way to say: I have been so honored and lucky to have been part of starting and maintaining and GROWing the communal and cooperative spaces of @primeproduce and Soft Surplus, and am grateful for my collaborators in our  wild adventures

There are soo many collaborators that I feel like my heart sinks at the prospect of leaving someone out, so I almost do not want to say further and stop speaking for these projects with my voice. I talked a little bit about this here with @willak: https://thecreativeindependent.com/people/designer-architect-teacher-and-learner-dan-taeyoung-on-growing-a-cooperative-like-youd-grow-a-garden/

<blockquote>On growing a cooperative like you’d grow a garden
Dan Taeyoung discusses building trust within cooperative spaces, developing open-ended systems, and un-learning hierarchical ways of operating.</blockquote>

But want to shoutout my initial collaborators in @primeproduce, Jerone Hsu & 
@mr_tumnus, and Soft Surplus, @melanieh0ff & @_newcubes_ all whom I have laughed and debated and imagined with; whom I have also made mistakes to, disappointed, in my own neverending process of learning.

Starting and growing two spaces and collectives has deeply shifted and structured my understanding about space and architecture and community in powerful, fundamental ways that my schooling did not and was deeply incapable of.

It’s from this context and experience that I (stay up incredibly late and) articulate this vision of a transformative architecture school.. that is anti-racist, that actively works towards repair, and works to abolish the police and jails in our minds, because it GROWS.

spatial culture can be about societal care, about repair, about calling in, about invitation. We can see space as something we want to grow, garden, tend, care for, the way we do with our neighbors and strangers.

Okay, to conclude. 

architecture culture and pedagogy can be real estate market culture 

OR

spatial culture can be communal culture, play culture, abolition culture, transformative culture.

Which one do we want for our communities? In our neighborhoods? In our imaginations?

FINALLY:
In terms of starting tomorrow, the statement that @bsa_gsapp has written to GSAPP is crucial. 

I’m vowing to find ways that I can support these in my role as (adjunct) faculty,  integrating these thoughts deeply into my teaching. https://twitter.com/a_l_hu/status/1276639014435590145

<blockquote>The Black Student Alliance at Columbia GSAPP (BSA+GSAPP) has written a powerful statement to the Columbia GSAPP Dean and Administration. The statement is titled, “On the Futility of Listening.” Please read it and sign your name in support!

https://onthefutilityoflistening.cargo.site/</blockquote> 

And this powerful statement by the Black faculty of @ColumbiaGSAPP that rightly and justly calls for an examination of anti-Black racism and white supremacy within all modes of it at GSAPP: https://twitter.com/jgmoore/status/1277965117930352640

<blockquote>UNLEARNING WHITENESS
A Statement from the Black Faculty of @Columbia University’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
https://unlearningwhiteness.cargo.site</blockquote>

Everything I have said above is NOT NEW either! It has already been thought of. The barriers to us approaching this kind of transformative school isn’t because we haven’t thought of it yet. It’s the lack of willingness to actively engage in this work together.

[image (**denotes highlighted passage**): “of unlearning white supremacy. Fifty years ago there were radical actions undertaken by GSAPP students in architecture and planning inspired by the Black Power and Civil Rights movement. **One of those trailblazers, educator/alumni/colleague Dr. Sharon Egretta Sutton has narrated in When Ivory Towers were Black how she and classmates forged institutional change, brought Black and Latinx students into the school's disciplines, and initiated community-based design and planning studios that worked with Harlem residents and organizations. And yet by the 1980s those radical pedagogies and curricular changes disappeared within GSAPP as the whiteness of the school's disciplines was reconstituted into new versions of old racist paradigms, discourses, and practices.** It is our belief that unless white supremacy is first, recognized and second, dismantled within this institution, then the goals professed and desired by many of the GSAPP community to eradicate anti-black”]

The real #1 in my list is fundamental - a school should be centered around BIPOC & esp. Black and Indigenous faculty and students, and an understanding of the structural forces & racisms that make schools predominantly white in faculty, and white and East Asian in student makeup”]]></description>
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    <title>Tyler Black, MD on Twitter: &quot;THREAD: School closure and kids I am an expert in child &amp;amp; adolescent EMERGENCY psychiatry. This is my expert opinion: It's complex, and it is not easy to answer COVID = BAD Education = GOOD In person schooling in a deadly</title>
    <dc:date>2020-07-27T23:12:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/tylerblack32/status/1286713750624641027</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“THREAD:  School closure and kids 

I am an expert in child & adolescent EMERGENCY psychiatry.  This is my expert opinion: It’s complex, and it is not easy to answer

COVID  = BAD
Education = GOOD
In person schooling in a deadly pandemic
           = GOOD + BAD

(context link) [https://twitter.com/tylerblack32/status/1286697113238351872]

/1

<blockquote>Well both, sorta.  I mean definitely the second.  They very selectively and inappropriately cited those studies.  A review of evidence that concludes that school decisions should be made cautiously and using best available evidence shouldn’t be summarized as a stat about PTSD.
/1</blockquote>

First, the pandemic is bad for people. Without mitigation strategies, it tears through the public and grandmothers, fathers, children die.  So far, 640k people have died WITH mitigation strategies, which is (at 6 months) nearly matching the WORLD’S YEARLY SUICIDE RATE.

/2

Second, death is traumatic. While it may be true (?) that kids less likely to spread COVID, it’s certainly true that kids are less likely to die from the disease.  But grandma?  Mom?  Teacher?  If we don’t control the spread of disease, children will be exposed to more death.

/3

Third, education is good for kids.  Education exposes us to new ideas, important skills, social situations, and real-world training for being an adult. Education comes in all forms.  Camps.  Schools.  Sports.  Peers.  Parents.  Public Announcements.  Television.  Vidya Games.

/4

Fourth, social interaction is good for kids. Though neurodiversity changes the importance of this, most kids benefit from rich social lives, where they can meet people from diverse background and share/develop social skills.

/5

And finally, in-person schools are the way that our farming-based economy evolved kids: daycare + education + social experience all in one.   Perfectly designed? no.  Right for every kid? definitely not.  But a societal solution to kids needs.

/6

But is in person school “good for kids?”
Benefits: 
   - professional teachers
   - social experience
   - academic standards
   - child care
   - sports and leisure activities
   - chances to expand world
   - pathway to good employment
   - parental pride / source of support
/7

Risks:
  - bullying
  - psychiatric distress and suicide rates increase
  - hours of operation not compatible with youth brains
  - not safe for everyone
  - introduces expectations + “mould-fitting” in diverse kids
  - source of in-home conflict (homework, wakeups, marks)

/8

Any pediatric emergency department member or child psychiatrist who has worked for at least 12 months consecutively will tell you, flat out, that school days cause more distress than non-school days.

/9

See, school is both a pathway to personal and social success, and **one of the major causes of stress**.  It’s the kids “full time job.” We put SO much pressure on kids:
 * attendance 
 * marks + competition
 * social expectations
 * extracurricular activities
etc.

/10

FREQUENTLY, as an expert in emergency child and adolescent psychiatry, I have to use the phrase “School doesn’t matter right now (short term), we need to focus on safety, security, and the things that will make you healthy”

/11

That never means I think school is bad or they should never go, and I certainly think that education, social experiences, and adult-guided childhood development are very important.

But it DOES MEAN when safety is on the line, school is less important

/12

If a mother and child are fighting over bedtime, and the fight results in the child locking themselves in the bathroom and ingesting a bunch of Tylenol, guess what instantly doesn’t matter all of a sudden?  That’s right: the frickin’ bedtime.

It’s not about the bedtime.

/13

It’s about safety.  Creatively solving things. Ensuring that the kid can handle the stress and the mother can handle the kids stress.  Ensuring that safety planning and precautions are in place.  THEN: gradual return to school expectations.

/14

I now see this being played out on a world-wide stage with MILLIONS (no joke) of lives on the line.

/15

While there are some kids that flourish because of school structure, there are others that do not.  Some kids get into great social structures, others do not.  Some kids experience positive role modeling, others are exposed to bigotry, racism, and exclusion.

/16

And from the science end, there is NO convincing evidence that:
 * creative non-school based education
 * technical skills learning
 * home education
 * distance education
 * hiking-based education

is INFERIOR to school.

/17

In conclusion, if you are media or a politician, please:

 1) don’t cite science as supporting “schools reopening is best for kids”
 2) recognize that saving lives is likely the most trauma-supported thing we can do for kids
 3) be creative in supporting learning

/18

4) if you ever use the phrase “but underprivileged kids receive [food, support, etc] at school!!” I want you to take a long hard look at yourself and consider whether or not this might be an opportunity for you to MATERIALLY SUPPORT UNDERPRIVILEGED PEOPLE.

/19

5) pandemics/disasters ALWAYS disproportionately affect marginalized people.  To get VERY political: white rich abled kids from loving homes will be FAR more “protected” going to school than kids of color, kids with disability, and kids with neglectful parents.

/20

Now is a world moment to both PROTECT our kids and NOURISH their well-being.  there is NO reason to REQUIRE IN SCHOOL EDUCATION to accomplish those things, there are many ways to do it.  

/21

So, maybe take a page out of the Dr. Black playbook:

“School doesn’t matter right now, we need to focus on safety, security, and the things that will make you healthy”

/fin”]]></description>
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    <title>Pedagogy as Protest: Reimagining the Center — Jessica Zeller</title>
    <dc:date>2020-07-14T04:50:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.jessicazeller.net/blog/pedagogy-as-protest</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I write this in the wake of the unjust murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery; Atatiana Jefferson and Fred Rouse where I live in Fort Worth; and just two days ago father of four Rayshard Brooks; among too many other innocents who should have been alive today. 

I write this as we are still inexplicably engaged in a conversation about the humanity of Black people, as though it were somehow up for debate. 

I write this as global uprisings against police violence and systemic racism are entering their third week while losing the attention of the 24-hour news cycle and those who hashtagged their way to a suspiciously visible allyship. 

I write this during Pride month, as LGBTQIA+ people’s legal rights are being deliberately rescinded by a bigoted president and their identities publicly invalidated by a bigoted children’s book author. As Black trans women are still being murdered and forgotten at an alarming rate.

I write this as the Coronavirus pandemic that disproportionately affects BIPOC continues to escalate. 110,000+ Americans have died and the government has turned away—willfully negligent and criminally inept. Our national mourning has been negated by a political horror show. 

I write this as grief has become pervasive and accepted. As “just checking in” and “wanted to see how you’re doing” have become essential daily communications with loved ones. As “I hope this finds you safe and well during this difficult time,” has become the standard prologue to our emails. 

I write this as I am hesitant to acknowledge my anger. My white, female, cishet identity keeps me from the prejudices, the racism, the centuries of hate. I can only try to imagine the degree of rage and the kind of exhaustion that one might feel in the face of it daily. As a woman I can sometimes relate. Sometimes. To some extent. I donate and read and call and write until the fury gives way to a less volatile feeling of existential malaise. There is too much suffering in too many places happening all at the same time; seeking out moments of joy takes dedicated effort. Doing the work helps. No one needs another white woman’s tears.

*

Scholar and activist bell hooks is renowned for her work to dismantle what she calls “imperialist white supremacist capitalist patriarchy.” These interrelated centers of power, she teaches, are responsible for the oppression and domination that shape our world. In 2010, hooks came to my alma mater as a Visiting Distinguished Professor of Women’s Studies. Despite being hosted by five different departments and centers across the massive Ohio State University campus—interdisciplinary voice that she is—hooks’s one public lecture took place in a not-nearly-big-enough lecture hall. We broke fire code, cramming as many people as we could into the rows and clogging the aisles. We were doubled up in seats and smashed against walls. The administrators present stood aghast, powerless. And as only a true critical pedagogue would, hooks invited hordes of students from the audience to fill the stage with her. She physically brought us together in community around her, a generous act which served as the precursor to an intellectual ass-kicking that brought us—if possible—even closer. 

If you’ve ever been fortunate enough to hear hooks speak, you know it’s a near-spiritual experience. She’s a philosopher and a storyteller; sharing her own narrative in a way both theoretically significant and personally meaningful. Her work to expose systems of oppression is at once about her and about all of us, collectively and as individuals in the world. It seems to reach out from multiple centers, and all at the same time. Through publicly accessible academic discourse rooted in a love ethic, she finds us where we are and shepherds us into a critical awareness of ourselves and others. Her work always feels urgent, essential, human.

*

In the face of so many unknowns as we approach the Fall semester, universities are treating educators like vehicles for “content delivery.” They’re pushing too many one-size-fits-all course models that, like department store winter gloves, don’t actually fit all. There are too many cookie-cutter solutions. Too many catchphrases. Too many online platforms and learning management systems with too many biases that disadvantage too many students. And too many damn hyphenates; “standards-based” and “data-driven” among the worst offenders. 

“Student-centered” might be the most misused of all the hyphenates the education field has ever devised; it’s lipstick on a pig, so to speak. Ideally, we wouldn’t have to say “student-centered” at all. It would be apparent in our work. It would manifest. And yet for some reason we’ve come to need a term like “student-centered” to remind ourselves and our institutions that there are indeed students present. In spite of our slick buzzwords and “flipped classrooms,” the students are nowhere near the center. Many have left the room unnoticed.

Often occupying the center of the learning space in their stead, “imperialist white supremacist capitalist patriarchy” has taught us that students are the enemy. Our syllabi are a bloated ten pages long and thick with policy statements, as too many in education have come to believe that good teaching and rigid rule enforcement are one and the same: no late work accepted; grade deductions for late arrivals; required use of surveillance software; “fairness” as represented by uniform punishments regardless of personal circumstance or hardship. 

Where is our humanity? 

It’s no wonder that many students seem only mildly interested in school, if at all. School isn’t made for them. Not when there are accrediting agencies and state standards and educational technology contracts in play. Not when universities rely on unethically sourced student data analyzed with questionable integrity to confirm their use of often inequitable “best practices.” Not when the Ivory Tower doesn’t. even. try. to respond to those learning or trying to learn.

*

In this fraught moment, I am looking to pedagogy. I am embracing the curriculum and the classroom and yes, even the Euro-centric ballet studio as sites for resistance; locales where trusting students, expressing interest in them, and giving them the benefit of the doubt are seen as radical acts that defy the “imperialist, white supremacist, capitalist patriarchy” that we’ve allowed to remain in the center for too long.

The pedagogy I see is equitable. It invites students into the center by valuing their differences, recognizing their experiences, and affirming their identities. It practices acceptance. It centers our collective humanity, asking out loud and as part of the process: Who is learning for? Who is learning about? Who authors learning? And why?

This pedagogy is responsive. It prioritizes checking in on loved ones, holding space for grief, and honoring rage at injustice. It situates learning in and through and with community. It is at once about our individual stories and about us, together, in the world.

This pedagogy is vital. It eschews reductive assessment practices and grading for the sake of competition. It stands opposed to pre-determined learning outcomes and welcomes incidental, unexpected developments that we call learning. It is impassioned and joyous and nerdy. It refuses to measure what is not legitimately measurable. It does not make objects from subjects. It pushes back against any policy that seeks to silence, falsify, or diminish. Failure is critical, as is self-reflection; it loves these processes—it thrives on them.

Moving pedagogy from philosophy to praxis is always a challenge, but the how and the what tend to become visible once I articulate the why and the for/by/about whom. This attempt at a pedagogy of resistance isn’t new for me, and yet no matter how pedagogically disruptive I think I am, there’s usually further to go. This moment in our history is calling for a full-scale radical overhaul of our systems. It’s asking us to reimagine the centers: of pedagogies, curricula, courses, methodologies, and individual lessons inside individual classes. It’s asking us to consider who is there, who is not, and why. Perhaps most importantly, it’s asking us to consider why not, and why not now."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/essay/clarence-thomass-radical-vision-of-race">
    <title>Clarence Thomas’s Radical Vision of Race | The New Yorker</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-26T23:06:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.newyorker.com/culture/essay/clarence-thomass-radical-vision-of-race</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In making sincerity the litmus test of American racism, Thomas took a strand of the black nationalism that influenced his early development and wove it into an entire philosophy of race. In the nineteen-twenties, at an especially acute moment of racist reaction in the United States, Marcus Garvey also found comfort in the promise of candor. “They are better friends to my race for telling us what they are, and what they mean, than all the hypocrites put together,” Garvey said, of the Ku Klux Klan. “I like honesty and fair play.”

For Thomas, dishonesty was not only about race; it was also about class. However well intentioned white liberals were about remedying racial inequality, their élitism was steadfast. At Yale, some of Thomas’s classmates would query the absence of class rankings and grades. “You do not separate cream from cream,” a professor responded. “It is your fate as a Yale Law School student to become one of the leaders in the legal profession. It will happen, not because of you personally, but because you are here. That is what happens to Yale Law School students.” But Yale’s black students were separated from the cream; indeed, the absence of rankings was used to effect that separation. As he approached graduation, Thomas tried to secure a position at an élite law firm in Atlanta, which had no black associates. One of the marks against him was that he had no grades. Even if he came from Yale, how could his prospective employers know how good he was?

Thomas came to believe that, for the white liberal, offering help to black people was a way to express the combined privileges of race and class. This is a running theme of Wright’s “Native Son,” in which Bigger Thomas, a poor black man from the slums of Chicago, is given an opportunity to rise when a wealthy white family hires him as a chauffeur. The idea that black people can advance only with the help of whites is anathema to Clarence Thomas, who has identified with Wright’s protagonist throughout his life. For him, white benevolence denies black people the pride of achievement. By contrast, if one is black and overcomes the barriers of Jim Crow, one can be assured that the accomplishment is real. Thomas often invokes the example of his grandparents, who, despite segregation, managed to acquire property and support their family. Though they “had to work twice as hard to get half as far,” they knew, however far they got, that the distance was theirs. When black people succeed in the shadow of white benefactors, that certainty is lost.

This is the loss that Thomas has suffered since his youth: not of the color line but of its clarity. It’s a loss that he associates with liberalism, the North, and, above all, integration. “I never worshiped at the altar” of integration, he declared, five years after joining the Court. As he told Juan Williams, who wrote a profile of Thomas in The Atlantic, “The whole push to assimilate simply does not make sense to me.” It is a loss that Thomas has set out—from his early years as a young black nationalist on the left to his tenure as a conservative on the Court—to reverse.

Thomas’s rightward drift, which began in the seventies, was inflected by the very ethos that once put him on the left: namely, disaffection with black liberalism and the mainstream civil-rights movement. In his memoir, Thomas notes that part of the appeal of black nationalism was tied to his sense, in the wake of the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy, that “no one was going to take care of me or any other black person in America.” Eventually, this notion extended to the left. “I marched. I protested. I asked the government to help black people,” Thomas told the Washington Post, in 1980. “I did all those things. But it hasn’t worked.” The whole repertoire of black politics—from mainstream activism to Black Power radicalism and beyond—now seemed pointless. By the eighties, Thomas, a member of the Reagan Administration, believed that state action could do nothing for African-Americans. Problems of racial inequality “cannot be solved by the law—even civil-rights laws,” he told an audience at Clark College, a historically black school in Atlanta, in the nineteen-eighties.

And yet it was on the bench that Thomas began to pursue his own particular vision of racial justice. In his first decade on the Court, Thomas often met with high-achieving black students from Washington’s poorer neighborhoods. One meeting—with a high-school student named Cedric Jennings—was immortalized in a 1998 Esquire piece. After several hours of warm conversation, Thomas asked Jennings what his plans were for college. “I’m off to Brown,” Jennings replied. Thomas frowned. Finally, he said, “Well, that’s fine, but I’m not sure I would have selected an Ivy League school. You’re going to be up there with lots of very smart white kids, and if you’re not sure about who you are, you could get eaten alive. . . . It can happen at any of the good colleges where a young black man who hasn’t spent much time with whites suddenly finds himself among almost all whites.”

This concern runs throughout Thomas’s jurisprudence. “Some people think that the solution to all the problems of black people is integration,” he said, in 1997. By his own admission, he is not one of them. In a lengthy 1982 research article (published with an acknowledgment to “the invaluable assistance of Anita F. Hill”), Thomas notes pointedly that “it must be decided . . . whether integration per se should be a primary goal.” At Thomas’s confirmation hearings, the Republican senator Arlen Specter pressed him on that claim, asking, “If you end segregation, doesn’t it necessarily mean that you are requiring school integration?”

At the time, Thomas dodged the question, but he has since given his answer on the Court. In the 1995 case Missouri v. Jenkins, the Court’s conservative majority held that federal courts could not force Missouri to adopt policies designed to entice suburban white students to predominantly black urban schools. Thomas joined the majority. In the Court’s private deliberations about the case, he argued, in the paraphrase of a profile of Thomas in The New Yorker, “I am the only one at this table who attended a segregated school. And the problem with segregation was not that we didn’t have white people in our class. The problem was that we didn’t have equal facilities. We didn’t have heating, we didn’t have books, and we had rickety chairs. . . . All my classmates and I wanted was the choice to attend a mostly black or a mostly white school, and to have the same resources in whatever school we chose.”

This private sentiment made its way into Thomas’s public statement about the case. His concurrence in Missouri v. Jenkins was “the only opinion,” legal scholar Mark Graber argues, “that questioned whether desegregation was a constitutional value.” If anything, Thomas believes that the state should—where it can, within the law—support the separation of the races. Looking back on his education, in an all-black environment, Thomas has admitted to wanting to “turn back the clock” to a time “when we had our own schools.” Much of his jurisprudence is devoted to undoing the “grand experiment” of which he believes himself to be a victim. As he made clear in 1986, “I have been the guinea pig for many social experiments on social minorities. To all who would continue these experiments, I say please ‘no more.’ ”

Perhaps the most insidious of those experiments, for Thomas, is affirmative action, which he has long opposed. His critics call him a hypocrite. “He had all the advantages of affirmative action and went against it,” Rosa Parks said of Thomas, in 1996. His defenders believe that Thomas is advancing a common conservative line—that affirmative action is a form of reverse racism, which imposes illegitimate burdens on whites. In fact, Thomas’s arguments are considerably more unorthodox than that. According to Thomas, affirmative action is the most recent attempt by white people to brand and belittle black people as inferior. Affirmative action does not formally mirror the tools of white supremacy; for Thomas, it is the literal continuation of white supremacy.

His argument is rooted in two beliefs, each informed by his time spent on the left. The first is that affirmative action reinforces the stigma that shadows African-Americans. Among many whites, blackness signals a deficit of intellect, talent, and skill. Even Supreme Court Justices, Thomas wrote in one opinion, “assume that anything that is predominantly black must be inferior.” When the state and social institutions identify African-Americans as beings in need of help, they reinforce that stigma. It doesn’t matter if some African-Americans succeed without affirmative action. In the same way that enslavement marked all black people, free or slave, as inferior, affirmative action—here Thomas borrows directly from the language of Plessy v. Ferguson—stamps all African-Americans with “a badge of inferiority.”

The second way affirmative action continues white supremacy is by elevating whites to the status of benefactors, doling out scarce privileges to those black people they deem worthy. The most remarkable element of Thomas’s affirmative-action jurisprudence, and what makes it unlike that of any other Justice on the Supreme Court, is how much attention he devotes to whites, not as victims but as perpetrators, the lead actors in a racial drama of their own imagination. Put simply, Thomas believes that affirmative action is a white program for white people.

We see this argument in Grutter v. Bollinger, a 2003 affirmative-action case concerning the University of Michigan Law School. In the early nineteen-nineties, the school adopted an affirmative-action policy in order to create a more diverse student body. Barbara Grutter, a white applicant who was denied admission, alleged that she was a victim of racial discrimination and that the policy violated the Fourteenth Amendment. In a 5–4 ruling, the Court decided that because the policy involved “a narrowly tailored use of race,” with a candidate’s race weighed as only one factor among many, the program was not unconstitutional. Chief Justice William Rehnquist dissented, arguing that there was nothing narrow or tailored about the program; it was more like a quota, he wrote, “designed to ensure proportionate representation . . . from selected minority groups.”

Thomas also dissented in Grutter. But his dissent focussed, uniquely, not on Grutter or other putative white victims but on what the law school’s affirmative-action program revealed about its creators. The leading interest of the school, he wrote, was to be “elite.” Affirmative action reflected that élitism. The simplest, most effective way for the Law School to diversify itself would be to become less selective. It could accept anyone who completed a certified program. It could stop relying on the LSAT, which, Thomas insisted and the Law School admitted, is an “imperfect” diagnostic tool. But the school refused to adopt such inclusive measures, not because it was committed to meritocracy—policies such as “legacy preferences” proved otherwise—but because exclusivity was its central objective.

For Thomas, affirmative action is merely a “solution to the self-inflicted wounds of [an] elitist admissions policy.” If a school insists upon maintaining “an exclusionary admissions system that it knows produces racially disproportionate results,” the only way to diversify itself is to rely on measures that maximize its discretion regarding race. Affirmative action, then, is not about racial equality; it’s about preserving the prerogatives of white élites, allowing them to bestow the blessings of society upon a few lucky African-Americans. Thomas does not believe this to be a constitutional value, much less one the Court should honor.

Much of Thomas’s skepticism flows from his rejection of diversity writ large. The key argument for affirmative action—and the grounds for the Court’s landmark 1978 decision in University of California v. Bakke, which declared the policy constitutional—is that diversity has an educational benefit: students will be exposed to different views and voices, which will challenge their beliefs. Thomas doesn’t quite buy this. If it were truly the case that diversity is a critical educational good, he thinks, élite institutions would stop prizing selectivity. The fact that they don’t suggests that the benefit argument is a ruse. What these institutions really believe is that diversity “prepares . . . students to become leaders in a diverse society.” It burnishes the style, image, and credentials of those students, mostly white, who will go on to run American society. Diversity, in other words, does not benefit students academically, or even produce diverse leadership; it just helps beautify “classroom aesthetics,” which are critical to the self-image of the ruling class. (“Racial aesthetics” and “aestheticists” are words that recur throughout Thomas’s opinions.) Diversity, as a value, is how white élites signal to other élites their sophistication, fashion, and taste. It marks black people as victims and whites as saviors.

In keeping with his conservative black nationalism, Thomas sees in such integration real harm to black people. In 1995, after a lower court argued that “racial isolation” in education—that is, continuing segregation of black and white schools, without formal state compulsion—was a constitutional injury to black schoolchildren, Thomas took offense. “If separation itself is a harm,” he wrote, “and if integration therefore is the only way that blacks can receive a proper education, then there must be something inferior about blacks.” For Thomas, seemingly egalitarian policies like integration thus become evidence of racial paternalism. His argument echoes that of Stokely Carmichael and Charles Hamilton’s “Black Power.” Integration, Carmichael and Hamilton wrote, “reinforces, among both black and white, the idea that ‘white’ is automatically superior and ‘black’ is by definition inferior. For this reason, ‘integration’ is a subterfuge for the maintenance of white supremacy.”"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://annehelen.substack.com/p/who-cheats-and-why">
    <title>who cheats and why</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-09T20:01:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://annehelen.substack.com/p/who-cheats-and-why</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Every time I’ve gone away over the last three years, coming back to the news felt like jumping into a freezing body of water filled with stinging jellyfish. There’s the added stress of continually finding new articles (some of which are linked below) that demand inclusion/reference/consideration in the burnout book. (See also: this piece on how education debt is transforming the middle class [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/09/09/student-debt-is-transforming-the-american-family ]). And then there’s all the new ideas/phenomena that transform when placed within my newly developed framework of burnout.

Take, for example, this excellent piece from the NYT [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/07/us/college-cheating-papers.html ] on the continued expansion of “essay farms” which allow people from around the world to “bid” to get paid for writing essays for American college students. The interviews with the people writing these essays (in this case, mostly Kenyan) is what makes this piece exceptional — and highlights a very 21st century phenomenon, in which educated English speakers, unable to find work in their own countries, are paid relatively small amounts of money so that Americans (and some Chinese) can receive the credentials that will allow them to find full-time work. For example:

<blockquote>Roynorris Ndiritu, 28, who asked that only part of his name be used because he feared retribution from others in the industry in Kenya, graduated with a degree in civil engineering and still calls that his “passion.” But after years of applying unsuccessfully for jobs, he said, he began writing for others full time. He has earned enough to buy a car and a piece of land, he said, but it has left him jaded about the promises he heard when he was young about the opportunities that would come from studying hard in college.</blockquote>

Or:

<blockquote>Now Ms. Mbugua finds herself at a crossroads, unsure of what to do next. She graduated from her university in 2018 and has sent her résumé to dozens of employers. Lately she has been selling kitchen utensils.

Ms. Mbugua said she never felt right about the writing she did in the names of American students and others.

“I’ve always had somehow a guilty conscience,” she said.

“People say the education system in the U.S., U.K. and other countries is on a top notch,” she said. “I wouldn’t say those students are better than us,” she said, later adding, “We have studied. We have done the assignments.”</blockquote>

The piece is an incisive (and accurate!) take on the American educational system and its place in the global hierarchy. It’s explicit about how America’s general reluctance to crack down on these services has allowed them to flourish (in a way they no longer do in the UK or Australia) — and thorough in its exploration of how the supply of essays is generated. But it leaves the demand for those essays largely unexplored, a hazy vision of the unmotivated, unprepared, overprivileged college student willing to pay $30 a page for an essay three hours before it’s due.

Just to be clear, this isn’t a critique — no piece can do everything, I mean that. And significant regulation of these sites would temporarily solve a problem, as it seems to (at least temporarily) have done in Australia. But if the American demand remains, it’ll just find a different outlet. And that demand is far less rooted in entitlement than in fear. Which isn’t to say that this isn’t cheating: it is. But “catching” students with software like TurnItIn isn’t actually a deterrent when students are acting out of abject anxiety.

When I was in the classroom, the students who plagiarized were never the worst students in the class. To be sure, there were a handful of students who are exactly the douchey, rich, entitled asshole you’re picturing as the customers of these services. But most teachers will tell you that the students plagiarizing weren’t the laziest, or the most entitled. They were often the solid B students, desperate, truly desperate, for As. They’d do extra credit, they never skipped class. For some assignments, they were in my office, asking questions, talking over drafts, incredibly anxious about thesis statements, at a loss about how to craft the rest of the essay. And then something would happen with an assignment — not even necessarily a big one! — where they’d get super overwhelmed, panic, and copy something from the internet.

These students don’t cheat because they’re lazy; they cheat because they’re incredibly anxious, terrified of failure, and haven’t been taught to come up with original arguments (or trust themselves when they do). They’re the students who got into a desired college through sheer determination. They’re not dumb or stupid or anything close to it. But they’ve become convinced that any sort of failure (on an assignment, in a class) is tantamount to total life failure, and accumulate anxiety about each assignment accordingly.

If you’ve never experienced anxiety, then it’s difficult to explain how counterintuitively it works: instead of helping you plan out the steps to succeed at a given task, it makes the task seem so insurmountable that you avoid it entirely, which creates more anxiety, which makes it seem even more insurmountable. Hence: googling “pay for essay” three hours before the assignment is due.

Many of these students are natural people pleasers: it’s part of how they got as far as they did. Which is why the idea of emailing or coming in to talk to their teacher about their failure to start the essay ahead of time is anathema. And a lot of teachers — myself included, in my early days of teaching — tell students things like “no extensions, no question” or “I’ll only entertain extensions if requested a day in advance.” And simply not turning something in, or turning it in late for a docked grade — also anathema for the striving, anxious student. So they do some ethical self-bargaining, and spend the money intended for food and “expenses” on an essay.

(Another version of this phenomenon, and one that the piece addresses briefly = international students, frustrated or insecure in their English, desperate to perform at the level they did back home, terrified of bad grades sent to their parents, unable or reticent to articulate their concern to their professors, especially if they had a very different paradigm of education back home).

There are ways for teachers to help combat these tendencies — protracting the essay writing process, requiring students to turn in outlines ahead of time — but they’re often limited to small classes or classes explicitly focused on writing. And for already overworked teachers, they’re also incredibly time-consuming. The problem isn’t that professors aren’t attentive enough; it’s that the entire American educational system primes high school (and then college) students to conflate A’s with actual thinking, and the ability to exclusively get those A’s with personal value.

Whether the student is fifteen and terrified about what their sophomore grades will suggest on their transcript, or nineteen and desperate to maintain their GPA for their scholarship or for grad school, that attitude only grows more and more destructive. The result — a degree without the ability to think — only further evacuates that degree of actual value.

In the NYT piece, several of the Kenyan essay writers described general dismay that they’d put so much time and money and energy into getting college degrees — a promised ticket to prosperity! — only to find themselves forced to cheat for other students. They were disillusioned, and rightly so, with the value of a college degree. We’re getting there in America, too: a college degree may still up your wages for the rest of your life, but it doesn’t guarantee middle class stability, or intellectual edification. More and more, American education simply reproduces the de facto millennial condition: heavily indebted, almost comically insecure, and paralyzed by anxiety.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dsrggURj0I">
    <title>David F. Noble: A Wrench in the Gears - 1/8 - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2019-07-15T19:40:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dsrggURj0I</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Documentary about the later professor, critical historian and anti-corporate activist David F. Noble. www.revivalfilms.ca”

[Full playlist (trailer and all eight parts):
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjSpVmQJimhdKIR392skWxQCcI27P824Z

Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGMotwh46dw
Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xCEMOHLtCk
Part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6u3XULHldXE
Part 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a4YNN4IRS4
Part 6: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptC5z0M7Ttg
Part 7: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qplQYuq4VNE
Part 8: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEVv23F1Ewo ]

[Grades and grading portion begins at 5:35 of part 6 and runs until the end of part 7.]

[via: https://wrenchinthegears.com/2017/09/20/when-someone-shows-you-who-they-are-believe-them-the-first-time/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.slideshare.net/jessestommel/building-an-inclusive-campus">
    <title>Building an Inclusive Campus</title>
    <dc:date>2019-05-14T20:15:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.slideshare.net/jessestommel/building-an-inclusive-campus</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://twitter.com/Jessifer/status/1128104712316825601 

bracketed parts from Twitter thread:
https://twitter.com/Jessifer/status/1128111041177694208 ]

"Scaffolding can create points of entry and access but can also reduce the complexity of learning to its detriment. And too often we build learning environments in advance of students arriving upon the scene. We design syllabi, predetermine outcomes, and craft rubrics before having met the students. We reduce students to data. 

["I'm increasingly disturbed when I see compassion, respect, and equity for students being mislabeled with the derogatory word “coddling."

"We need to design our pedagogical approaches for the students we have, not the students we wish we had." @Jessifer @saragoldrickrab https://www.chronicle.com/article/Teaching-the-Students-We-Have/245290 ]

5 things we can do to create more inclusive spaces in education:  

1) Recognize students are not an undifferentiated mass.  

2) For education to be innovative, at this particular moment, we don’t need to invest in technology. We need to invest in teachers.   

3) Staff, administrators, and faculty need to come together, across institutional hierarchies, for inclusivity efforts to work. At many institutions, a faculty/staff divide is one of the first barriers that needs to be overcome.  

4) The path toward inclusivity starts with small, human acts:  
* Walk campus to assess the accessibility of common spaces and classrooms. For example, an accessible desk in every classroom doesn’t do much good if students can’t get to that desk because the rooms are overcrowded.  
* Invite students to share pronouns, model this behavior, but don’t expect it of every student.  
* Make sure there is an easy and advertised process for students, faculty, and staff to change their names within institutional systems. Make sure chosen names are what appear on course rosters.  
* Regularly invite the campus community into hard conversations about inclusivity. For example, a frank discussion of race and gender bias in grading and course evaluations. 

5) Stop having conversations about the future of education without students in the room."

["“Critical formative cultures are crucial in producing the knowledge, values, social relations and visions that help nurture and sustain the possibility to think critically...” @HenryGiroux

The path toward inclusivity starts with small, human acts.

"You cannot counter inequality with good will. You have to structure equality." @CathyNDavidson

"The saddest and most ironic practice in schools is how hard we try to measure how students are doing and how rarely we ever ask them." @fastcrayon" ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://hechingerreport.org/intrinsic-motivation-is-key-to-student-achievement-but-schools-kill-it/">
    <title>Intrinsic motivation in the classroom is key – but schools kill it</title>
    <dc:date>2019-04-22T20:22:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://hechingerreport.org/intrinsic-motivation-is-key-to-student-achievement-but-schools-kill-it/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Intrinsic motivators can be key to student achievement – but extrinsic motivation dominates classrooms"

…

"Destiny, 18, is like most students in the United States. Surveys reveal a steady decline in student engagement throughout middle and high school, a trend that Gallup deemed the “school engagement cliff.” The latest data from the company’s Student Poll found that 74 percent of fifth graders felt engaged, while the same was true of just 32 percent of high school juniors.

One of the key components of engagement is students’ excitement about what they learn. Yet most schools extinguish that excitement.

It all comes down to motivation. In many schools, students do their work because their teachers tell them to. Or because they need to do it to get a certain grade. For students like Destiny, getting a good grade and outshining their peers – not learning itself – becomes the goal of school. For other students, they need minimum grades to be on sports teams or participate in extracurricular activities or please their parents, and that becomes their motivation. Students who do their work because they’re genuinely interested in learning the material are few and far between.

But that’s exactly backwards.

The teacher demands, the grades, the promise of additional opportunities – they’re all external rewards. Decades of research, both about educational best practice and the way the human brain works, say these types of motivators are dangerous. Offering students rewards for learning creates reliance on the reward. If they becomes less interesting to the student or disappear entirely, the motivation does, too. That’s what happened to Destiny in middle school when she no longer got the reward of being celebrated as the top of her class.

Inspiring students’ intrinsic motivation to learn is a more effective strategy to get and keep students interested. And it’s more than that. Students actually learn better when motivated this way. They put forth more effort, tackle more challenging tasks, and end up gaining a more profound understanding of the concepts they study.

Still, Deborah Stipek, a Stanford University professor of education and author of the book “Motivation to Learn: From Theory to Practice,” is pragmatic about the role of extrinsic motivation.

“I think most realistic people in the field say that you’ve got to have both,” Stipek said. “You can rely entirely on intrinsic motivation if you don’t care what children learn, but if you’ve got a curriculum and a set of standards, then you can’t just go with what they’re interested in.”

The problem is that the balance, in most schools, is way off. While some schools around the country are trying to personalize learning and, in doing so, to tap into students’ interests, Stipek estimates that most teaching minimizes students’ internal desire to learn.

In traditional schools, it’s easier to offer a steady stream of rewards and punishments to keep students in line. And preparing students to succeed on state tests tends to discourage the lessons that let them explore their own interests. Teachers who want to inspire intrinsic motivation have to swim against the current.

That’s not the case everywhere, though. Destiny’s trajectory of diminishing engagement took a turn in high school. Instead of getting increasingly uninterested and disconnected from school, she became more engaged. That’s because she enrolled in the Metropolitan Regional Career and Technical Center, a public high school district in Rhode Island that goes by ‘The Met.’ She is now a senior.

The Met is at the extreme when it comes to tapping into intrinsic motivation. Students don’t take traditional classes. They spend virtually all of their time learning independently, with support from advisors or at internships. Students all have individual learning plans and accumulate credits toward traditional subject areas through projects, self-directed study, internship experience and dual enrollment with local colleges. Almost everything they do, all day, connects to a personal goal or something they’re interested in.

That’s what inspired Destiny to enroll at The Met. “I thought, oh my God, I have all this power to choose what I want,” she remembers.

Education researchers have been studying student motivation for decades, identifying the best classroom strategies to promote an intrinsic drive to learn. The Met puts many of them to use. Students learn through real-world, hands-on problem-solving; they tackle open-ended assignments that require sustained effort; they get the power to choose what and how they learn; they finish projects with something to show for their learning in portfolios and concrete products; they set their own academic goals; they need never focus more on a grade than the process of learning because they don’t get traditional grades. All of these things come straight out of playbooks for inspiring intrinsic motivation, including Stipek’s. And the impact on students can be profound.

Destiny started high school with the academic zeal she left middle school with – meaning very little. Her freshman-year report card reflected that. While The Met doesn’t give out traditional grades, students do get assessed on their mastery of the goals they set for each subject. The dominant note on Destiny’s report card from ninth grade is “meeting expectations.” She had very few instances of “exceeding expectations” and in some subjects, her mastery was only “in progress.” In her sophomore year, things started to shift, and “exceeding expectations” started to become a more common assessment. By junior year, Destiny exceeded expectations in almost every subject and “in progress” was nowhere to be found on her report card. Gone was the middle schooler who didn’t want to be in class. In her place was a driven young woman who again liked school.

Destiny’s experience is common for Met students. On state surveys, these students report being more interested in their coursework, more convinced that what they’re learning will matter to their futures, and more supported at school than their peers in almost every other district in Rhode Island. She and other students at The Met continually bring the conversation back to how much difference it makes to be in control of their learning."

…

"It tends to take a little while for students to rise to the challenge, though.

Beccy Siddons, Destiny’s advisor, considers watching that trajectory to be one of the most exciting parts of her job. As the main contact for an “advisory” of about 16 students who stay with her for their entire time at The Met, Siddons guides students through their internships, all of their academic work and, eventually, their college applications.

“Ninth graders who have spent their whole life being told what to learn, some of them don’t even know what they’re interested in because they haven’t been given the opportunity,” Siddons said.

That was Destiny as a freshman. Her first internship was at an elementary school in a bilingual classroom, a safe, familiar choice for the native Spanish- and English-speaker. Looking back, she’s grateful that experience made her realize she didn’t like teaching. But at the time, she didn’t know what to try next. As a sophomore, she saw another student present about an internship at the New England Aquarium, and it piqued her interest. She first worked there as a junior and quickly discovered a deep love of sea life. She now has a favorite creature she didn’t even know existed before: the puffer fish. And she has a career interest she otherwise might not have found until college, if ever: environmental science.

Siddons routinely oversees such meandering paths, and a key part of her job is helping students discover passions they didn’t know they might have. The freshmen she welcomes to The Met are a far cry from the seniors she sends out into the world.

The early part of that transformation does take work, though. And while it isn’t typical for schools to orient themselves around intrinsic motivation, hundreds do attempt it. Next Generation Learning Challenges has grown into a network of about 150 schools, all of which focus on tapping into students’ intrinsic motivation in one way or another. The Digital Promise League of Innovative Schools represents 102 school districts doing similar work; EdLeader21 has another 300 districts, many of whom aim to inspire students’ intrinsic desire to learn. And the Big Picture Learning network, built around the success of The Met, now counts more than 60 schools in the U.S. (and another 100 abroad)."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2019/02/19/recommendations-optimal-conclusion-hampshire-college-opinion">
    <title>Recommendations for an optimal conclusion to Hampshire College (opinion)</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-04T22:44:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2019/02/19/recommendations-optimal-conclusion-hampshire-college-opinion</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Hampshire College: Fold, Don’t Merge: Michael Drucker proposes what he thinks would be an ethical conclusion to the experimental college."

…

"When I say my alma mater is an experimental college, I mean it literally. No grades. No majors. No tests. We are different by design and intention.

My academic adviser would ask me, “What are you curious about in the world?” and “How are you going to find the knowledge you need to answer those questions?” Since we have no majors, we have no list to follow telling us exactly what courses to take to complete our degree. Students must not only study the material in their chosen areas of concentration but also figure out what that will be. Simply being a student at Hampshire College is an act of experiential education.

Hampshire’s educational philosophy asks: What is possible if students are studying for the sake of learning instead of competing for letter grades? What is possible if students are studying not only for the sake of learning but also for innovative, interdisciplinary applications of that knowledge?

Do Not Resuscitate

In January, President Miriam E. Nelson announced the search for a long-term strategic partner for Hampshire and questioned first-year class enrollment. Student activism ignited. Alumni, faculty and staff comments in support and dissent flooded in. A petition calling for shared governance collected thousands of signatures within days. On Feb. 1, Hampshire announced it would enroll only early-decision admits and students who previously deferred.

A partnership, or a merger, could be great if I’m allowing myself to be optimistic. But it’s increasingly difficult to sustain optimism, as my idealism feels more like naïveté with each passing day. Staff layoffs may begin as early as April. Early-decision admits are told a new affiliate will likely control how any diploma they earn will be awarded. Notable alumnus Jon Krakauer writes in The New York Times that in the merger “it is not at all clear how much of the Hampshire philosophy -- to say nothing of the Hampshire soul -- will survive.”

I feel more and more confident that Hampshire’s soul will not survive. If that’s the case, I do not want to keep our institution on life support. I respectfully submit my request to the Hampshire Board of Trustees to consider ordering a DNR for our beloved and complicated alma mater.

Without our educational “soul,” what remains is still something beautiful: a liberal arts campus with provocative course material, progressive ideologies and the harmonious clashing of overlapping countercultures. But that’s something students can find at many other colleges around the world. It’s not enough for me to want Hampshire to continue for the sake of its name living on.

The pedagogical tenets of our educational experiment make us who we are. Without them, we are not Hampshire College. Some might ask if it’s really that bad to have majors, grades or tests. No, it’s not the end of the world, but it is the end of Hampshire.

I’m only 27, and I’ve lost both of my parents. My dad died when I was a third-year student at Hampshire. The day he passed, I was at ACPA’s annual convention with Hampshire student affairs representatives. My first professional mentor was there and consoled me the night I found out. My mom passed in the summer of 2017 -- too young and too soon.

I know what loss, mourning and grief mean. I’ve already begun mourning Hampshire as I’ve done before while preparing myself emotionally for the painful departure of a loved one. I do not want Hampshire to close, but I know that it is an option. My personal experiences make it easier for me to consider it as a viable one. I’m not afraid of it.

My preference for Hampshire to close, rather than merge, is not about me throwing in the towel on a good fight to save our college. It’s about respecting its legacy. It’s about preferring to honor it in memory rather than seeing it diluted in its new form. It’s about thanking Hampshire for what it has been and letting it pass peacefully.

It may be over, but it’s not a failure. We had 50 years of magic. We existed. We were here. It mattered. It will continue to matter.

An Ethical Conclusion

Closing Hampshire College is not as simple as one human being dying (which is, of course, not simple at all). Closing the college would have an immense economic effect on its employees and the local Amherst community. It has four classes of active students to consider. But I would support closing rather than merging if we could spend our energy and resources developing the best conclusion possible. There is potential here for us to truly live out Hampshire’s philosophy until the end.

From what I can gather, however, what is happening right now is not an ethical termination. Amherst College faculty members wrote an open letter to President Nelson criticizing the recent decisions made without adequate faculty input, noting, “No leader in any field can violate long-standing professional norms for long without compromising his or her credibility and losing the confidence of core constituencies.” Hampshire’s Executive Committee of the Faculty authored their own letter declaring that the president’s Jan. 15 announcement considering not accepting an incoming class “turned a financial crisis into a catastrophe” -- in essence making it so that Hampshire then had no choice but to fulfill this self-defeating prophecy and spiral down toward helplessness. The staff, faculty and administrators are now in the midst of learning of layoffs. Those who must leave have only 60 days to prepare; those who stay are headed into the unknown. Either way, there is harm done. It seems the employees and students living and working on the campus right now are being neglected in the shuffle.

Do this, but do it right. Gather all Hampshire constituencies for planning the conclusion of Hampshire in the spirit of shared of governance. Generate ideas, cross over disciplines and break boundaries -- discover the beauty in something tragic. Lengthen the window of time for shutting down. Create a four-year plan for closing up shop. Do everything we want to do in that time.

Provide accurate information to all employees with at least six months' notice, if not more, for changes or termination. Use your remaining resources to financially ease the transition for all your employees.

Let current students grieve and be angry. Offer them what you actually can offer them. Don’t hold out with information you know is inevitable. If current first-years need to transfer to have full college experiences, tell them as soon as possible and help them do it. Learn from other colleges that have closed. Replicate their better practices and learn from their shortcomings.

Last, let’s throw Hampshire the most perfectly Hampshire going-away party we’ve ever seen. Let’s celebrate what we’ve done. Let’s document our innovations and accomplishments. Let’s show others how to resurrect what Hampshire did if the financial and political tides turn. Invite alums back to campus for a weekend of acknowledgment, celebration and community. If we were to lean into this direction now, we have the potential to do something extraordinary.

Before anything, the people making the decisions need to reveal the status of the merger’s development. The board and senior administrators must gamble on showing their cards. It would take a radical amount of vulnerability to show us all what our options are -- and an even greater amount would be to let us all have a say in which direction we go.

The students organizing in Hamp.Rise.Up are demanding just that: a say in what’s happening. It’s not typical for a college to do that in this dire situation, but we’ve never been typical. What would it mean to have a Hampshire-wide democratic vote on the future of our college? Even if we vote to close the institution in light of unfavorable mergers, what could we teach to the rest of higher education by the process through which we got there?

We are a college that lives our motto, Non Satis Scire: “to know is not enough.” So far, we don’t know much, and that is clearly not enough. But given the chance, what could we create?"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://shikshantar.org/articles/trouble-knowledge">
    <title>The Trouble with Knowledge | Shikshantar</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-22T22:27:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://shikshantar.org/articles/trouble-knowledge</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["First Main Trouble with Knowledge and Education is Dishonesty

I do believe that one aspect which characterizes education, development and the production and dissemination of knowledge, in today’s world, is the lack of intellectual honesty.  This belief is an outcome of reflecting on my experience during my school and university years and my almost 40 years of work.  The dishonesty is connected to the values, which govern the thinking and practice in the fields of education, knowledge and development (mirroring the values in dominant societies and serving mainly the lifestyle of consumerism): control, winning, profit, individualism and competition.  Having a syllabus and textbooks, and evaluating and judging people (students, teachers, administrators, and academics) through linear forms of authority and through linear symbolic values (such as arbitrary letters or grades or preferential labels), almost guarantee cheating, lack of honesty, and lack of relevance.  (The recent reports that cheating and testing are on the rise in the Maryland and Chicago areas are just one example that came up to the surface.  And of course teachers, principles and superintendents were blamed and had to pay the price.)  I taught many years and put exams both at the level of classrooms and at the national level, and I labored and spent a lot of time and effort in order to be fair.  But, then, I discovered that the problem is not in the intentions or the way we conduct things but, rather, in the values that run societies in general and which are propagated by education, development and knowledge -- among other venues.  Thus, the main trouble with knowledge and education, is not so much their irrelevance or process of selection or the issue of power (though these are definitely part of the trouble) as it is with the lack of intellectual honesty in these areas.  Giving a number or a letter to measure a human being is dishonest and inhuman; it is a degrading to the human mind and to human beings.  Grading, in this sense, is degrading.  It is one of the biggest abuses of mathematics in its history!  Moreover, as long as the above-mentioned values remain as the governing values, education will continue to be fundamentally an obstacle to learning.  Under these conditions, talking about improving or reforming education is naïve at best and hypocritical at worst.  At most, it would touch a very small percentage of the student population in any particular region.  Of course, we can go on putting our heads in the sand and refusing to see or care.  But one main concern I will continue to have is what happens to the 80 some pecent of students whom the “compulsory suit” does not fit.  Why imposing the same-size suit on all bodies sounds ridiculous but imposing the same curriculum on all minds does not?!  The human mind is definitely more diverse that the human body.

Labeling a child as a “failure” is a criminal act against that child.  For a child, who has learned so much from life before entering school, to be labeled a failure, just because s/he doesn’t see any sense in the mostly senseless knowledge we offer in most schools, is unfair – to say the least; it is really outrageous.  But few of us around the world seem to be outraged, simply because we usually lose our senses in the process of getting educated.  We are like those in Hans Christian Anderson’s story that lost their ability to see and had to be reminded by the little child that the emperor is without clothes.

Most people in the educational world (students, teachers, administrators, scholars, suprintendents, …) are dishonest (often without realizing it) either because we are too lazy to reflect on and see the absurdities in what we are doing (and just give to students what we were given in schools and universities, or during training courses and enrichment seminars!), or because we are simply afraid and need to protect ourselves from punishment or from being judged and labeled as inept or failures.  This dishonesty prevails at all levels.  I had a friend who was working in a prestigious university in the U.S. and who often went as an educational consultant and expert to countries to “improve and develop” their educational systems.  Once, when he was on his way to Egypt as a consultant to help in reforming the educational system there, I asked him, “Have you ever been to Egypt?”  He said no.  I said, “Don’t you find it strange that you don’t know Egypt but you know what is good for it?!”  Obviously, the richness, the wisdom and the depth of that 7000-year civilization is totally ignored by him, or more accurately, cannot be comprehended by him.  Or, he may simply believe in what Kipling believed in in relation to India: to be ruled by Britain was India’s right; to rule India was Britain’s duty!  In a very real sense, that friend of mine does not only abstract the theories he carries along with him everywhere but also abstracts the people by assuming that they all have the same deficits and, thus, the same solution – and that he has the solution.

Let’s take the term “sustainable development,” for example, which is widely used today and it is used in the concept paper for this conference.  If we mean by development what we see in “developed” nations, then sustainable development is a nightmare.  If we all start consuming, for example, at the rate at which “developed” nations currently do, then (as a friend of mine from Mexico says) we need at least five planets to provide the needed resources and to provide dumping sites for our waste!  If “developing” nations consume natural resources (such as water) at the same rate “developed” nations do, such resources would be depleted in few years!  Such “development” would be destructive to the soil of the earth and to the soil of cultures, both of which nurture and sustain human beings and human societies. The price would be very high at the level of the environment and at the level of beautiful relationships among people.  Thus, those who believe in sustainable development (in its current conception and practice) are either naïve or dishonest or right out indifferent to what happens to nature, to beautiful relationship among people, and to the joyful harmony within human beings and between them and their surroundings.  Nature and relationships among human beings are probably the two most precious treasures in life; the most valuable things human beings have.  The survival of human and natural diversity (and even of human communities) are at stake here.

We do not detect dishonesty in the fields of education, knowledge and development because usually we are protected (in scools) from having much contact with life, through stressing verbal, symbolic and technical “knowledge,” through avoiding people’s experiences and surroundings, through the means we follow in evaluating people, and through ignoring history (history of people, of ideas, …).  The main connection most school textbooks have with life is through the sections that carry the title “applications” – another instance of dishonesty.  During the 1970s, for example, and as the head supervisor of math instruction in all the schools of the West Bank (in Palestine), one question I kept asking children was “is 1=1?”  1=1 is true in schoolbooks and on tests but in real life it has uses, abuses and misuses, but no real instances.  We abstract apples in textbooks and make them equal but in real life there is no apple which is exactly equal to another apple.  The same is true when we say that Newton discovered gravity.  Almost every child by the age of one discovers it.  (When my grandson, for example, was 15 months old, I was watching him once pick up pieces of cereal and put them in his mouth.  Everytime he lost a piece, he would look for it down, never up!)  By teaching that Newton discovered gravity, we do not only lie but also fail to clarify Newton’s real contribution.  Similarly with teaching that Columbus discovered America ….  Everyone of us can give tens of examples on dishonesty in the way we were taught and the way we teach."

…

"Second Main Trouble with Knowledge and Education: Lack of Connection with the Lives of the Social Majorities in the World"

…

"Building Learning Societies

From what has been said so far, two main approaches to knowledge and learning can be identified: (1) learning by doing; i.e. by the person being embedded in life, in one’s cultural soil.  In this approach, learning is almost synonymous to living, and (2) the formal approach, which usually starts with ready pre-prepared content (usually fragmented into several subjucts, and usually put together in the absence of the two most important “actors” in learning: teachers and students).  This approach also embodies tests and grades."

…

"Finally, I would like to affirm -- as a form of summary -- certain points, and point out to the need of dismantling others:

1. We need to dismantle the claim that learning can only take place in schools.

2. We need to dismantle the practice of separating students from life For at least 12 years) and still claim that learning is taking place.

3. We need to dismantle the assumption/ myth that teachers can teach what they don’t do.

4. We need to dismantle the myth that education can be improved through professionals and experts.

5. We need to dismantle the hegemony of words like education, development, progress, excellence, and rights and reclaim, instead, words like wisdom, faith, generosity, hope, learning, living, happiness, and duties.

6. We need to affirm that the vast mojority of people go to school not to learn but to get a diploma. We need to create diverse environments of learning.

7. We need to affirm our capacity for doing and learning, not for getting degrees.

8. We need to affirm and regain the concept and practice of “learning from the world,” not “about the world.”

9. We need to affirm that people are the real solution, not the obstacle and not ignorant.

The basic topic in learning is life and people living in its midst – not outside it and not above it. And the basic social unit in learning is small groups engaged in real life, in some aspects of their lives, and of their choice. The basic act at the individual level is to reflect on one’s life, express it and communicate and discuss it with others.

We need to spend more time in conversations face-to-face with one another, in doing things together, in dreaming beautiful dreams, and in building shared visions. In short, we need to reclaim our lives and regain our cultural spaces."]]></description>
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    <title>When Report Cards Go Out on Fridays, Child Abuse Increases on Saturdays, Study Finds - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-27T04:12:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/health/child-abuse-report-cards-florida.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>grades grading children childabuse parenting 2018 stress anxiety discipline education schools schooliness</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/opinion/college-gpa-career-success.html">
    <title>Opinion | What Straight-A Students Get Wrong - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-20T05:51:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/opinion/college-gpa-career-success.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A decade ago, at the end of my first semester teaching at Wharton, a student stopped by for office hours. He sat down and burst into tears. My mind started cycling through a list of events that could make a college junior cry: His girlfriend had dumped him; he had been accused of plagiarism. “I just got my first A-minus,” he said, his voice shaking.

Year after year, I watch in dismay as students obsess over getting straight A’s. Some sacrifice their health; a few have even tried to sue their school after falling short. All have joined the cult of perfectionism out of a conviction that top marks are a ticket to elite graduate schools and lucrative job offers.

I was one of them. I started college with the goal of graduating with a 4.0. It would be a reflection of my brainpower and willpower, revealing that I had the right stuff to succeed. But I was wrong.

The evidence is clear: Academic excellence is not a strong predictor of career excellence. Across industries, research shows that the correlation between grades and job performance is modest in the first year after college and trivial within a handful of years. For example, at Google, once employees are two or three years out of college, their grades have no bearing on their performance. (Of course, it must be said that if you got D’s, you probably didn’t end up at Google.)

Academic grades rarely assess qualities like creativity, leadership and teamwork skills, or social, emotional and political intelligence. Yes, straight-A students master cramming information and regurgitating it on exams. But career success is rarely about finding the right solution to a problem — it’s more about finding the right problem to solve.

In a classic 1962 study, a team of psychologists tracked down America’s most creative architects and compared them with their technically skilled but less original peers. One of the factors that distinguished the creative architects was a record of spiky grades. “In college our creative architects earned about a B average,” Donald MacKinnon wrote. “In work and courses which caught their interest they could turn in an A performance, but in courses that failed to strike their imagination, they were quite willing to do no work at all.” They paid attention to their curiosity and prioritized activities that they found intrinsically motivating — which ultimately served them well in their careers.

Getting straight A’s requires conformity. Having an influential career demands originality. In a study of students who graduated at the top of their class, the education researcher Karen Arnold found that although they usually had successful careers, they rarely reached the upper echelons. “Valedictorians aren’t likely to be the future’s visionaries,” Dr. Arnold explained. “They typically settle into the system instead of shaking it up.”

This might explain why Steve Jobs finished high school with a 2.65 G.P.A., J.K. Rowling graduated from the University of Exeter with roughly a C average, and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. got only one A in his four years at Morehouse.

If your goal is to graduate without a blemish on your transcript, you end up taking easier classes and staying within your comfort zone. If you’re willing to tolerate the occasional B, you can learn to program in Python while struggling to decipher “Finnegans Wake.” You gain experience coping with failures and setbacks, which builds resilience.

Straight-A students also miss out socially. More time studying in the library means less time to start lifelong friendships, join new clubs or volunteer. I know from experience. I didn’t meet my 4.0 goal; I graduated with a 3.78. (This is the first time I’ve shared my G.P.A. since applying to graduate school 16 years ago. Really, no one cares.) Looking back, I don’t wish my grades had been higher. If I could do it over again, I’d study less. The hours I wasted memorizing the inner workings of the eye would have been better spent trying out improv comedy and having more midnight conversations about the meaning of life.

So universities: Make it easier for students to take some intellectual risks. Graduate schools can be clear that they don’t care about the difference between a 3.7 and a 3.9. Colleges could just report letter grades without pluses and minuses, so that any G.P.A. above a 3.7 appears on transcripts as an A. It might also help to stop the madness of grade inflation, which creates an academic arms race that encourages too many students to strive for meaningless perfection. And why not let students wait until the end of the semester to declare a class pass-fail, instead of forcing them to decide in the first month?

Employers: Make it clear you value skills over straight A’s. Some recruiters are already on board: In a 2003 study of over 500 job postings, nearly 15 percent of recruiters actively selected against students with high G.P.A.s (perhaps questioning their priorities and life skills), while more than 40 percent put no weight on grades in initial screening.

Straight-A students: Recognize that underachieving in school can prepare you to overachieve in life. So maybe it’s time to apply your grit to a new goal — getting at least one B before you graduate."]]></description>
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    <title>We can’t educate our kids out of inequality</title>
    <dc:date>2018-11-11T21:02:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theoutline.com/post/6499/education-won-t-fix-inequality-by-itself</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Those who tout the advantages of a good education like to conjure an image of some future society full of educated professionals all working stable, fulfilling, and salaried jobs. But even the worst students can look around the world and see through this. They can see the economic instability facing most people, and they know that a good education won’t undo the vagaries of the gig economy, or replace the protections of a union. But, they’re told, if you do well enough in school, then hopefully you won’t have to worry about that stuff. 

This false promise was more disheartening that any other realization I had while working with students. Unfair tests, confusing admissions policies, unequal schools — all that is bad but sadly unsurprising, so you can prepare yourself for it. On the other hand, I was not prepared to lie to students about how, if they just figured out trig functions, then everything would be OK.

Education fetishism gives the illusion of fairness to society’s inequalities. Grades and test scores and college rankings mirror the stratification of the economy, and apply a thin veneer of meritocracy to that hierarchy. What students internalize about school is that it is primarily about ranking people. So attempts to improve education are really attempts to make those rankings more accurate, instead of making them less determinative. As long as this is true, then education is not really the solution to society’s problems. Even bold steps to improve schools and bring down college costs will not fix the problem of inequality, since status and sorting are also the results of education in America.

None of this is to say that education is bad or that schools should not be improved for their own sake. Learning things, after all, is fun. Education is great when it’s about teaching people stuff they want to know. But because school has to serve this burden of fixing social problems it is not equipped to fix, it cannot simply teach students interesting things they want to learn. Students should learn trig functions because they are an elegant solution to a complicated problem. They should read Hamlet because it’s a good play. They should learn things because there is value in learning them.

Instead, educators have to rend these subjects apart, breaking them into supposedly marketable skills like “reading comprehension” and “analytical reasoning” so that they can be used to demonstrate a student’s market value and justify patently unjust economic outcomes. As long as this is the case, then not only will inequality fail to get better, but education will continue to get worse. Instead of insisting we can educate ourselves out of the social problems capitalism creates, we should learn something new."

…

"This false promise was more disheartening that any other realization I had while working with students. Unfair tests, confusing admissions policies, unequal schools — all that is bad but sadly unsurprising, so you can prepare yourself for it. On the other hand, I was not prepared to lie to students about how, if they just figured out trig functions, then everything would be OK.

Education fetishism gives the illusion of fairness to society’s inequalities. Grades and test scores and college rankings mirror the stratification of the economy, and apply a thin veneer of meritocracy to that hierarchy. What students internalize about school is that it is primarily about ranking people. So attempts to improve education are really attempts to make those rankings more accurate, instead of making them less determinative. As long as this is true, then education is not really the solution to society’s problems. Even bold steps to improve schools and bring down college costs will not fix the problem of inequality, since status and sorting are also the results of education in America.

None of this is to say that education is bad or that schools should not be improved for their own sake. Learning things, after all, is fun. Education is great when it’s about teaching people stuff they want to know. But because school has to serve this burden of fixing social problems it is not equipped to fix, it cannot simply teach students interesting things they want to learn. Students should learn trig functions because they are an elegant solution to a complicated problem. They should read Hamlet because it’s a good play. They should learn things because there is value in learning them.

Instead, educators have to rend these subjects apart, breaking them into supposedly marketable skills like “reading comprehension” and “analytical reasoning” so that they can be used to demonstrate a student’s market value and justify patently unjust economic outcomes. As long as this is the case, then not only will inequality fail to get better, but education will continue to get worse. Instead of insisting we can educate ourselves out of the social problems capitalism creates, we should learn something new."]]></description>
<dc:subject>education inequality tutoring schools 2018 hierarchy economics admissions class meritocracy sorting johnschneider schooling society capitalism gigeconomy colleges universities grades grading learning deschooling unions socialsafetynet testing bias</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/zugenia/status/1050700305472651265">
    <title>Eugenia Zuroski on Twitter: &quot;In yesterday’s #CSECS18 roundtable on “Decolonizing ... Practices from the Perspective of C18 Studies,” @ashleycmorford pointed out that decolonization cannot happen within the university, but /1… https://t.co/InSKAfPp</title>
    <dc:date>2018-10-13T19:19:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/zugenia/status/1050700305472651265</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In yesterday’s #CSECS18 roundtable on “Decolonizing ... Practices from the Perspective of C18 Studies,” @ashleycmorford pointed out that decolonization cannot happen within the university, but /1 https://twitter.com/zugenia/status/1050378780328497152

<blockquote>Doing antiracist/anti-imperialist work within existing institutions is good but it is not decolonizing work. Decolonizing Turtle Island means restitution of land and Indigenous sovereignty. Making colonial institutions better is at odds with removing them. We have to see this. …</blockquote>

a commitment to unsettling, anticolonial pedagogy could teach the people who will go forward and take up decolonization. This morning I’m thinking about this alongside Moten and Harney’s “The University and the Undercommons”—of teaching toward a “fugitive enlightenment” /2

that must steal knowledge from the institution and take it away from there, out of there, so as to put it toward something that doesn’t reproduce the institution/profession, but that thinks collectively toward what would replace the institution’s mode of organizing power. /3

Anticolonial pedagogies that are practiced in relation to decolonization must therefore inhabit, as Tuck and Yang point out, a particular temporality—one that doesn’t just reject the kind of constant clocking in for quantified “marks” that prove the labor of learning is /4

already being translated into wealth for someone (else), but that commits to Indigenous futurities over the future of “the profession,” and locates the value of teaching in preparing students for a better world than the institution either represents or materializes. /5

The university has an important role to play, in other words, but it can’t fulfil its obligations without committing away from itself—without giving up what it holds and regenerates to those who will “waste” it (Moten and Harney) on not becoming “Enlightened” subjects. /6

Anyway, my thanks to @ashleycmorford and the other people who contributed to yesterday’s conversation, which has helped me think about teaching not as “decolonizing” practice but as the (de)forming of subjects capable, in various ways, of decolonization. /6

Also thanks to @morganevanek for her comments on university teaching as a form of “hospicing work” (I didn’t write down the citation for this—?) on bad culture, and for this reminder, which it seems to me is one pragmatic thing we should all do immediately: [image: some notes including "ABOLISH GRADING"]

I’ll be on a roundtable this afternoon (Friday, 4:45, Niagara Room), where I’ll speak about collectives and #BIPOC18 and venture some thoughts on Twitter as an “Undercommons of Enlightenment” that will likely be messy and wrong, should be fun, you should come #CSECS18

I want to clarify that working toward these ends, as an academic, does not mean divesting from the university. It is still the site of our work and we have to fight to maintain/create better structures for doing that work effectively, non-exploitatively.

I will continue to advocate for resources for researchers, teachers, editors, for more hires of BIPOC, queer, disabled, trans scholars, for fair working conditions and best practices toward just institutional co-existence. Absolutely.

But I am beginning to understand these commitments—which are likely lifetime ones for me—as “harm reduction measures” (Tuck and Yang) along the long path toward a future that is not mine or my profession’s."]]></description>
<dc:subject>decolonization highered highereducation eugeniazuroski 2018 fredmoten stefanoharney undercommons messiness academia education grades grading colonialism colonization fugitives hospice pedagogy unschooling deschooling impericalism sovereignty institutions ashleymorford power control future enlightenment fugitiveenlightenment indigeneity anti-colonialism anticolonialism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://qz.com/1395858/is-grade-inflation-just-another-way-for-privileged-kids-to-get-ahead/">
    <title>Is grade inflation just another way for privileged kids to get ahead? — Quartz</title>
    <dc:date>2018-09-23T20:23:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://qz.com/1395858/is-grade-inflation-just-another-way-for-privileged-kids-to-get-ahead/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["He found the median grade point average (GPA) rose in all schools. But it rose by 0.27 points in affluent schools, compared to just 0.17 points in less affluent ones. On average, students who scored higher on the end-of-course exams also earned higher grades. But plenty of kids with good grades did poorly on the exam; more than one-third of the students who received B’s from their teachers in Algebra 1 failed to get a “proficient” score on the end-of-term exam.

Gershenson can’t say for sure why this has happened but he suspects that it’s because parents of privilege are not afraid to wield it. “Wealthier parents  have more time and more confidence to be pushy and to challenge teachers, either proactively or reactively,” he said. They might argue to get a B turned into an A, or teachers may sense the threat of overbearing parents and be more lenient to avoid confrontation.

One possible explanation for this phenomenon could be that students at better-resourced schools become more engaged, and thus improve their performance and get higher grades. But Gershenson controlled for attendance levels, often used as a proxy for engagement, and found the same outcomes. That suggests a boost for those better off, which may in turn influence their college acceptances and future careers."

…

"So what should be done about the troubling relationship between grade inflation and wealth? For one thing, Gershenson recommends that schools keep using both grades and test scores to assess students, since they measure such different things. In addition, he says it’s important to let teachers, principals, and colleges know that poorer kids’ grades may not have not been as inflated as their richer peers. One idea? A grade deflator tool, similar to a GDP deflator, to account for the discrepancy. “That might help students and parents and colleges make better decisions,” he says."]]></description>
<dc:subject>gradeinflation 2018 wealth inequality education schools grades grading sethgershenson</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/">
    <title>How He's Using His Gifts | Akilah S. Richards [Episode 12]</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-12T18:12:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We explore…gifted students, twice exceptional students, educators who shift from traditional to self-directed education, civic connections, the truth about college, and giving black and brown children more access.

Anthony Galloway wasn’t willing to be another cog in the system.

He’s a smart, twenty-something year old African-American man who chose to go into the field of education. He came up through the system, and learned how to excel in it. He also knew that he wanted to be part of the change in public education that allowed children of color access to the same resources and opportunities as children in white schools or private ones.

Anthony co-founded an Agile Learning Center, now facilitated by both him and long-time educator, Julia Cordero. I think you’re gonna find this discussion interesting because Anthony’s an educator who saw the school system for what it was and is, and started his own school to create something better."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://carolblack.org/the-gaze">
    <title>Children, Learning, and the Evaluative Gaze of School — Carol Black</title>
    <dc:date>2018-06-14T02:27:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://carolblack.org/the-gaze</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["That's when I understood: when you watch a child who is focused on learning, and you let them know you’re watching, and you let them know your opinion as though your opinion matters, you just took that thing away from them. You just made it yours. Your smell is all over it now.

The evaluative gaze does the greatest harm, of course, to the kids who live under a biased eye; the ones who enter school with a test score or a disciplinary record or a skin color that shades the gaze against them. Once an assessment of a child's ability has been made, positive or negative, that child will feel it; if you think you can conceal it from them, you're wrong. They know. They always know. Studies have shown that even lab rats learn more slowly if their researchers believe that they aren't smart rats. The kids who grow up under a negative gaze, the ones who day after day, year after year, feel themselves appraised and found wanting –– these kids pay the greatest price, their psyches permanently damaged by it, their futures irrevocably harmed. (The fact that our appraisals are shown again and again to be wrong never seems to discourage us from making them.) But even the kids who get the good grades, the high scores, the perfect "10's" –– even they are subtly blighted by it. They've won the prize, and lost their power.

Why is it clear to us that it's degrading and objectifying to measure and rank a girl’s physical body on a numeric scale, but we think it’s perfectly okay to measure and rank her mind that way?

Over the years I've watched the many ways that children try to cope with the evaluative gaze of school. (The gaze, of course, can come from parents, too; just ask my kids.) Some children eagerly display themselves for it; some try to make themselves invisible to it. They fight, they flee, they freeze; like prey animals they let their bodies go limp and passive before it. Some defy it by laughing in its face, by acting up, clowning around, refusing to attend or engage, refusing to try so you can never say they failed. Some master the art of holding back that last 10%, of giving just enough of themselves to "succeed," but holding back enough that the gaze can't define them (they don't yet know that this strategy will define and limit their lives.) Some make themselves sick trying to meet or exceed the "standards" that it sets for them. Some simply vanish into those standards until they don't know who they would have been had the standards not been set.

But the power of the gaze goes beyond the numbers and letters used to quantify it. It exists in looks and tones and body language, in words and in the spaces between words. It is a way of looking at another human being, of confronting another human life; it is a philosophical stance, an emotional stance, a political stance, an exercise of power. As philosopher Martin Buber might have put it, the stance of true relationship says to the other, "I–Thou;" the evaluative gaze says "I–It."  It says, "I am the subject; you are the object. I know what you are, I know what you should be, I know what 'standards' you must meet." It is a god-like stance, which is actually a big deal even if you think you are a fair and friendly god.

The evaluative gaze of school is so constant a presence, so all-pervasive an eye, that many people have come to believe that children would actually not grow and develop without it. They believe that without their "feedback," without their constant "assessment," a child's development would literally slow or even stop. They believe that children would not learn from the things they experience and do and see and hear and make and read and imagine unless they have an adult to "assess" them (or unless the adult teaches them to "self-assess," which generally means teaching them to internalize the adult gaze.) For people whose experience is with children inside the school system, it may seem self-evident that this is true. For people whose experience is with children outside the school system, it may seem like believing that an acorn would not grow into an oak tree unless you measure it and give it your opinion. Because an oak tree does not actually require your opinion, and believe it or not, 90% of the time, neither does a child. 

A pot boils whether you watch it or not. It just needs water and fire.

There are ever-increasing numbers of people raising their kids outside this Panopticon of constant evaluation and measurement and feedback, and what they find is simply this: they grow and develop very much like other kids. Like other kids, they don't all conform to the same "standards;" like other kids, they are individual and diverse. Like other kids, they have triumphs, and struggles, and doldrums, and passions, and frustrations, and joys. "Assessment," or the lack of it, seems to have remarkably little to do with it. Because what an oak tree actually needs is not your opinion but soil and water and light and air, and what a child needs is love and stories and tools and conversation and support and guidance and access to nature and culture and the world. If a kid asks for your feedback, by all means you can give it; it would be impolite not to. But what we should be measuring and comparing is not our children but the quality of the learning environments we provide for them. "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/persons-of-interest/fred-motens-radical-critique-of-the-present">
    <title>Fred Moten’s Radical Critique of the Present | The New Yorker</title>
    <dc:date>2018-05-07T05:47:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.newyorker.com/culture/persons-of-interest/fred-motens-radical-critique-of-the-present</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“He is drawn to in-between states: rather than accepting straightforward answers, he seeks out new dissonances.”

…

““I like to read, and I like to be involved in reading,” he said. “And for me, writing is part of what it is to be involved in reading.””

…

“For Moten, blackness is something “fugitive,” as he puts it—an ongoing refusal of standards imposed from elsewhere. In “Stolen Life,” he writes, “Fugitivity, then, is a desire for and a spirit of escape and transgression of the proper and the proposed. It’s a desire for the outside, for a playing or being outside, an outlaw edge proper to the now always already improper voice or instrument.” In this spirit, Moten works to connect subjects that our preconceptions may have led us to think had little relation. One also finds a certain uncompromising attitude—a conviction that the truest engagement with a subject will overcome any difficulties of terminology. “I think that writing in general, you know, is a constant disruption of the means of semantic production, all the time,” he told me. “And I don’t see any reason to try to avoid that. I’d rather see a reason to try to accentuate that. But I try to accentuate that not in the interest of obfuscation but in the interest of precision.””

…

““The Undercommons” lays out a radical critique of the present. Hope, they write, “has been deployed against us in ever more perverted and reduced form by the Clinton-Obama axis for much of the last twenty years.” One essay considers our lives as a flawed system of credit and debit, another explores a kind of technocratic coercion that Moten and Harney simply call “policy.” “The Undercommons” has become well known, especially, for its criticism of academia. “It cannot be denied that the university is a place of refuge, and it cannot be accepted that the university is a place of enlightenment,” Moten and Harney write. They lament the focus on grading and other deadening forms of regulation, asking, in effect: Why is it so hard to have new discussions in a place that is ostensibly designed to foster them?

They suggest alternatives: to gather with friends and talk about whatever you want to talk about, to have a barbecue or a dance—all forms of unrestricted sociality that they slyly call “study.”

<blockquote>We are committed to the idea that study is what you do with other people. It’s talking and walking around with other people, working, dancing, suffering, some irreducible convergence of all three, held under the name of speculative practice. The notion of a rehearsal—being in a kind of workshop, playing in a band, in a jam session, or old men sitting on a porch, or people working together in a factory—there are these various modes of activity. The point of calling it “study” is to mark that the incessant and irreversible intellectuality of these activities is already present.</blockquote>”

…

“Moten’s poetry, which was a finalist for a National Book Award, in 2014, has a good deal in common with his critical work. In it, he gathers the sources running through his head and transforms them into something musical, driven by the material of language itself. “

…

“And he’s still trying to figure out how to teach a good class, he said. He wasn’t sure that it was possible under the current conditions. “You just have to get together with people and try to do something different,” he said. “You know, I really believe that. But I also recognize how truly difficult that is to do.””]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2017/05/10/the-problem-with-measure/">
    <title>The Problem With “Measure” – Teachers Going Gradeless</title>
    <dc:date>2018-04-29T20:52:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2017/05/10/the-problem-with-measure/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Measurement requires a standard unit, a recognized standard that can be objectively applied in a context. I can measure my bike ride to school in units of length. If I share that measurement with my colleague who also bikes to school, we can objectively determine who travels the greatest distance each day. What isn’t measurable is the peace that twenty minute ride brings to my day.

When it comes to measurement, learning fits into the same category as love, pain, anger, joy, and peace of mind. Learning can’t be objectively measured. There is no standard unit of measurement to apply to learning. A skill can be demonstrated, progress can be noted, understanding can be communicated and shared, but technically this evidence of learning isn’t measurable."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.jessestommel.com/how-to-ungrade/">
    <title>How to Ungrade | Jesse Stommel</title>
    <dc:date>2018-03-11T23:40:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.jessestommel.com/how-to-ungrade/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[""I can't think of a more meaningless, superficial, cynical way to evaluate learning."
~ Cathy N. Davidson

The work of teaching shouldn't be reduced to the mechanical act of grading or marking. Our talk of grading shouldn't be reduced to our complaining about the continuing necessity of it.

If you're a teacher and you hate grading, stop doing it.

Across education, we've normalized absurd levels of grading, test-taking, and standardized assessment. And yet letter grades are a relatively recent phenomenon. They weren't widely used until the 1940s. In “Teaching More by Grading Less,” Jeffrey Schinske and Kimberly Tanner cite the first “official record” of a grading system from Yale in 1785. The A-F system appears to have emerged in 1898 (with the “E” not disappearing until the 1930s) and the 100-point or percentage scale became common in the early 1900s. According to Schinske and Tanner, even by 1971, only 67% of primary and secondary schools in the U.S. were using letter grades. The desire for uniformity across institutions was the primary motivator for the spread of these systems.

As I was preparing to write this piece, I looked through the sections on grading from a dozen or so U.S. teaching and learning centers. What I noticed across the lot of them is how their language around grading emphasizes “efficiency” (the word repeated incessantly) while reducing individual students to cogs in a machine that ultimately seems to have little to do with them. The work of grading is framed less in terms of giving feedback or encouraging learning and more as a way of ranking students against one another. Nods to “fairness” are too often made for the sake of defensibility rather than equity. What disturbs me is how effortlessly and casually this language rolls off Education's collective tongue. And I'm even more disturbed by how many otherwise productive pedagogical conversations get sidetracked by the too easily internalized ubiquity of grades.

The page from the Berkeley Graduate Division offering “Tips on Grading Efficiently” is pretty standard fare. The very first bit of advice on grading for new graduate student instructors raises more anxiety around grades than it alleviates. And at the same time, as is all too common, grading is something new teachers are encouraged to spend as little time on as possible: “Too often, time spent grading takes away from time spent doing your own coursework or research.”

Without much critical examination, teachers accept they have to grade, students accept they have to be graded, students are made to feel like they should care a great deal about grades, and teachers are told they shouldn't spend much time thinking about the why, when, and whether of grades. Obedience to a system of crude ranking is crafted to feel altruistic, because it's supposedly fair, saves time, and helps prepare students for the horrors of the “real world.” Conscientious objection is made to seem impossible.

I've been leading workshops on grading for years, and when I talk about why I don't grade, I often hear back some version of, “but I have to grade” ... because I'm an adjunct ... because my institution requires it ... because grading is necessary in my discipline ... because wouldn't you want your heart surgeon to have been graded? The need to navigate institutional (and disciplinary) pressures is real, but I would argue teachers grade in many more situations than grading is useful and/or actually required by institutions. And, as I've said before, I care less that my doctors are graded and more that they've read all the books of Virginia Woolf or Octavia Butler, because critical thinking is what will help them save my life when they encounter a situation they've never encountered before.

Peter Elbow writes in “Ranking, Evaluating, Liking: Sorting Out Three Forms of Judgement,” "Let's do as little ranking and grading as we can. They are never fair and they undermine learning and teaching." I believe pedagogy is personal and idiosyncratic. My approach won't necessarily work in each classroom, at every institution, for all teachers, with every group of students. My hope with this and my previous posts about grading is to challenge stock assumptions, describe what has worked for me, and explore alternatives that might just work for others."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2018/02/24/castles-in-air/">
    <title>How to Build Castles in the Air – Teachers Going Gradeless</title>
    <dc:date>2018-02-25T19:28:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2018/02/24/castles-in-air/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["One of the more profound ironies of “going gradeless” is realizing just how fundamental grades are to the architecture of schools.

Grades undergird nearly everything we do in education. By threatening late penalties and administering one-shot assessments, we focus our famously distracted students on the task at hand. By regularly updating our online gradebooks, we provide an ongoing snapshot of student performance so precise it can be calculated to the hundredths place.

Grades inform our curriculum and instruction too. Because so much rides on them, it’s essential we build upon the rock of “objective” data, not the shifting sands of human judgment. Thus, we limit ourselves to those kinds of learning that can be easily measured and quantified. A multiple choice quiz testing students’ knowledge of literary devices can be reliably scored by your 10-year-old daughter (not saying I’ve ever done that). A stack of bubble sheets can be scanned on your way out of the building for the summer. Check your results online in the driveway, then go inside and make yourself a margarita.

If you want to evaluate something more complex, like writing, you had better develop an iron-clad rubric and engage in some serious range-finding sessions with your colleagues. Don’t put anything subjective like creativity or risk taking on that rubric — you’re already on shaky ground as it is. Make sure to provide an especially strict template so that the essay is fully prepared to “meet its maker.” Word choice, punctuation, sentence variety, quote incorporation — these are the nuts and bolts of writing. If the Hemingway Editor can’t see it, isn’t it just your opinion?

Hopefully, you see the irony here. Grades don’t communicate achievement; most contain a vast idiosyncratic array of weights, curves, point values, and penalties. Nor do they motivate students much beyond what it takes to maintain a respectable GPA. And by forcing us to focus on so-called objective measures, grades have us trade that which is most meaningful for that which is merely demonstrable: recall, algorithm use, anything that can be reified into a rubric. Grading reforms have sometimes succeeded in making these numbers, levels, and letters more meaningful, but more often than not it is the learning that suffers, as we continually herd our rich, interconnected disciplines into the gradebook’s endless succession of separate cells.

So, as I’ve said before, grades are not great. Nor are the ancillary tools, tests, structures, and strategies that support them. But as anyone who has gone gradeless can tell you, grades don’t just magically go away, leaving us free to fan the flames of intrinsic motivation and student passion. Grades remain the very foundation on which we build. Most gradeless teachers must enter a grade at the end of each marking period and, even if we didn’t, our whole educational enterprise is overshadowed by the specter of college admissions and scholarships. And since grades and tests rank so high in those determinations, we kid ourselves in thinking we’ve escaped their influence.

Even in a hypothetical environment without these extrinsic stresses, students are still subject to a myriad of influences, not the least of which being the tech industry with its constant bombardment of notifications and nudges. This industry, which spends billions engineering apps for maximum engagement, has already rendered the comparatively modest inducements of traditional schooling laughable. Still, the rhetoric of autonomy, passion, and engagement always seems to take this in stride, as if the Buddha — not billionaires — is behind this ever-expanding universe.

Let’s go one more step further, though, and imagine a world without the tech industry. Surely that would be a world in which the “inner mounting flame” of student passion could flourish.

But complete freedom, autonomy, and agency is not a neutral or even acceptable foundation for education. The notion of a blank slate on which to continuously project one’s passion, innovation, or genius is seriously flawed. Sherri Spelic, examining the related rhetoric of design thinking, points out how “neoliberal enthusiasm for entrepreneurship and start-up culture” does little to address “social dilemmas fueled by historic inequality and stratification.” In other words, blank spaces — including the supposed blank space of going gradeless — are usually little more than blind spots. And often these blind spots are where our more marginalized students fall through the cracks.

Even if we were able provide widespread, equitable access to springboards of self-expression, autonomy, and innovation, what then? To what extent are we all unwittingly falling into a larger neoliberal trap that, in the words of Byung-Chul Han, turns each of us into an “auto-exploiting labourer in his or her own enterprise”?

<blockquote>Today, we do not deem ourselves subjugated subjects, but rather projects: always refashioning and reinventing ourselves. A sense of freedom attends passing from the state of subject to that of project. All the same, this projection amounts to a form of compulsion and constraint — indeed, to a more efficient kind of subjectification and subjugation. As a project deeming itself free of external and alien limitations, the I is now subjugating itself to internal limitations and self-constraints, which are taking the form of compulsive achievement and optimization.</blockquote>

One doesn’t have to look too far to find the rhetoric of “harnessing student passion” and “self-regulated learners” to understand the paradoxical truth of this statement. This vision of education, in addition to constituting a new strategy of control, also undermines any sense of classrooms as communities of care and locations of resistance.

<blockquote>@hhschiaravalli:

A5. Watch out for our tendency to lionize those who peddle extreme personalization, individual passion, entrepreneurial mindsets. So many of these undermine any sense of collective identity, responsibility, solidarity #tg2chat</blockquote>

Clearly, not all intrinsic or extrinsic motivation is created equal. Perhaps instead of framing the issue in these terms, we should see it as a question of commitment or capitulation.

Commitment entails a robust willingness to construct change around what Gert Biesta describes as fundamental questions of “content, purpose, and relationship.” It requires that we find ways to better communicate and support student learning, produce more equitable results, and, yes, sometimes shield students from outside influences. Contrary to the soaring rhetoric of intrinsic motivation, none of this will happen by itself.

Capitulation means shirking this responsibility, submerging it in the reductive comfort of numbers or in neoliberal notions of autonomy.

Framing going gradeless through the lens of extrinsic versus intrinsic motivation, then, is not only misleading and limited, it’s harmful. No teacher — gradeless or otherwise — can avoid the task of finding humane ways to leverage each of these in the service of greater goals. Even if we could, there are other interests, much more powerful, much more entrenched, and much better funded than us always ready to rush into that vacuum.

To resist these forces, we will need to use everything in our power to find and imagine new structures and strategies, building our castles in air on firm foundations."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2017/12/16/accountability-accountable/">
    <title>It’s Time We Hold Accountability Accountable – Teachers Going Gradeless</title>
    <dc:date>2018-02-22T01:17:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2017/12/16/accountability-accountable/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Author and writing professor John Warner points out how this kind of accountability, standardization, and routinization short-circuits students’ pursuit of forms “defined by the rhetorical situation” and values “rooted in audience needs.”

What we are measuring when we are accountable, then, is something other than the core values of writing. Ironically, the very act of accounting for student progress in writing almost guarantees that we will receive only a poor counterfeit, one emptied of its essence.

Some might say that accountability only makes a modest claim on teaching, that nothing prevents teachers from going beyond its measurable minimum toward higher values of critical thinking, problem solving, and creativity. Many seem to think that scoring high on lower-order assessments still serves as a proxy for higher-order skills.

More often than not, however, the test becomes the target. And as Goodhart’s law (phrased here by Mary Strathern) asserts, “When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.” What we end up aiming at, in other words, is something other than the thing we wanted to improve or demonstrate. When push comes to shove in public schools — and push almost always comes to shove — it’s the test, the measure, the moment of reckoning we attend to.

For most of my career, I’ve seen how a culture of accountability has caused the focus of administrators, teachers, and students to solidify around the narrow prescriptions and algorithmic thinking found on most tests. When that happens, the measure no longer represents anything higher order. Instead, we demonstrate our ability to fill the template, follow the algorithm, jump through the hoop. And unfortunately, as many students find out too late, success on the test does not guarantee that one has developed the skills or dispositions needed in any real field. In fact, students who succeed in this arena may be even more oblivious to the absence of these."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/juliaerin80/status/957647146181775360">
    <title>Julia E. Torres on Twitter: &quot;Ask a 4th grader whether they truly &quot;like&quot; school, then listen to their responses. It's heartbreaking. Rather than dealing with it, we too often dismiss their comments. We say, &quot;No kids like school--they just don't like being </title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-29T05:04:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/juliaerin80/status/957647146181775360</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Ask a 4th grader whether they truly "like" school, then listen to their responses. It's heartbreaking.  Rather than dealing with it, we too often dismiss their comments. We say, "No kids like school--they just don't like being told what to do".  Avoidance + dismissal=no change"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/michaelianblack/status/955627973411065856">
    <title>Michael Ian Black on Twitter: &quot;Getting a lot of grief from teachers for my earlier take on k-12 education. I meant no offense to teachers, who I think, by and large, do their best. My criticisms have to do with the whole dang public education apparatus, w</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-23T05:16:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/michaelianblack/status/955627973411065856</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Getting a lot of grief from teachers for my earlier take on k-12 education. I meant no offense to teachers, who I think, by and large, do their best. My criticisms have to do with the whole dang public education apparatus, which feels hopelessly outmoded and moribund.

I advocate an new model of education which focuses on two things: creativity and critical thinking. That's it. All else would be in service of those two skills. Why? Because the history of public education has been about readying workers to work in predictable industries.

Those predictable industries no long exist or are undergoing radical transformation. What cuts across all industries in this new economy are creativity and critical thinking. If you have those two skills, you can do anything.

Those skills also happen to be the most fun things to work on. "Draw something." "What do you think about you drew?" We're not grading you, we're asking your opinion. What works about this? What doesn't work? Exactly how tasks are approached in the workplace.

Also, why are we gearing everything to the tests? The tests are snapshots, rarely illuminating, and often overweighted. As testing has increased, childhood depression and anxiety has risen with it. For what? An extra hundredth on your GPA?

To what end? Why are moving these kids through the production line? My kids are in high school and I promise they aren't excited about anything they're doing. They can tolerate it. They like lunch. But they're mostly just moving through the day.

Wouldn't it better if they were excited to attend school because school was where they did all the cool shit they want to do? Play video games and read cool books and study music and, yeah, maybe write a paper about that cool video game, and maybe learn a little coding.

You want to play guitar? Great. Here's a guitar. Here's how music relates to math. Here's how math relates to science. How's the song coming? Take an hour for lunch. You want to leave early today? Leave early. Treat kids the way you want to be treated, excite them...

Connect them with experts in the fields they're studying. Develop mentorships, make sure they take a hike every day. Make school the place you wish you could have hung out when you were their age. Teachers can be guides, a support system, one-on-one counselors. it can work."

[previous thread: https://twitter.com/michaelianblack/status/955470909669892098

"Been thinking a lot about k-12 education since last night. (I mean, before that too, but I hadn't written about it on Twitter.) My conclusion: it's total shit.

I'm going to make some points that are probably obvious to most people but they're worth saying. First, the average education destroys children's natural inquisitiveness. "This rock is cool!" "Great. Memorize everything about its composition. then I'm going to test you on it."

Second, the grading system is meaningless. A good grade denotes mastery of a subject about as much as having shiny teeth means you eat a healthy diet.

Third, kids are bored because school is boring because the way things are taught is boring. It's not the teacher's fault. It's a system that values compliance over creativity. It teaches kids how to regurgitate instead of how to think.

Why isn't school fun? Why doesn't it look more like kindergarten all the way through high school? Why isn't it student-driven instead of administration-driven? After they know how to read and perform basic math why can't they pursue subjects about which they show interest?

If a kid likes to read, why can't she spend her time with other kids who love literature? If she likes science, why not spent her time doing science? Why funnel everybody through the same stupid curriculum that has no real-world application?

The goal of k-12 education should to nurture kids towards an excitement of lifetime learning instead of towards getting into a college they can't afford. Anybody who wants to learn something can learn it. But they need to want to learn. School kills desire to learn.

Would any adult choose to go back to k-12 schooling? No fucking way. For most people, it's an endless drudge. Why not preserve childhood as a time of exploration and joy? Who is well-served by this system?

We know k-12 education doesn't work well. Kids hate it. Parents hate it. Teachers hate it. Employers hate it. Everybody hates it. So why do we keep it? Why are we inflicting so much misery on ourselves?"]

[And a thread prior to that: https://twitter.com/michaelianblack/status/955263135254016006

"One of my life's great stress-reducing realizations is that I don't care about my kids' grades.

Not only do I not care about their grades, I honestly think I'd be fine with it if they decide to drop out before graduating. The way we educate kids is 100% garbage. (Maybe 75% garbage.)

Here's the only thing school needs to teach kids: reading, how to construct a coherent thought, and basic math. After that, kids should be free to pursue whatever interests them, supplemented with broad exposure to the humanities.

There should be more: art, music, game playing, movie watching, physical activity. Schooling through high school should bear more than a passing resemblance to kindergarten. The way we do things is stultifying and soul-crushing.

Everything I value as an adult was treated as extracurricular and slightly distasteful by the school administration. The arts had no "practical value," but somehow trigonometry did. It made no sense.

When I decided to become an actor, I was told (and believed) I would never make a dime. I took that trade-off to do what I wanted in exchange for little to no pay. But a funny thing happened. The gig economy of the actor became the gig economy of the entire country.

So I found myself much more comfortable in uncertainty as traditional occupational structures began falling by the wayside. I felt like I had the flexibility and creativity to tackle unfamiliar jobs with minimal training because I believed in my own adaptability.

The kids I see these days can do anything on a computer. They are good collaborators and their egos seem more in check than mine. They'll do fine in the coming years, but I'd like to see their kids the  beneficiaries of this new kind of schooling, a student-directed schooling.

That draws from the expertise of the faculty to augment studies, but also to be able to access the world's great minds on your narrow question. Slow, non-grade work that moves towards a defining and meaningful goal/solution. Applied education. Seems like a better way to handled"]]]></description>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/@mlangan87/engage-89552793757e">
    <title>Engage – Michael Langan – Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-01T20:40:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/@mlangan87/engage-89552793757e</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I know a science teacher who loves working with kids so much that he becomes depressed every June knowing that his current group of 8th graders are going to be leaving the middle school. This Science teacher has more high school kids come back to visit him than the rest of the staff combined.

Whats so special about this science teacher? He treats the kids like people. He talks with them like they are equals. He sits with them at lunch. He removes the authority boundaries in his classroom. He gives them freedom, as much as the system allows, during class.

This Science teacher stays after school with anywhere from 10 to 30 students four days a week so that the students can work on science projects for various regional and state science competitions. “If you really want to do science you have to stay after school,” the teacher often says to me with a grin.

When you walk by this science teachers class it is messy. Kids are in the hall throwing balsa wood airplanes, testing mousetrap cars, or working on the computer to learn the mandated “content.” Inside the room kids are everywhere. They are in the corners measuring levers, gluing, cutting, revising and testing. It is loud. It is chaotic and many traditional teachers in the building hate it and suggest that the “inmates are running the asylum” (real quote).

I visit often. I talk with him often. I try to relieve his angst often.
What does he have angst about? Two things usually.
The lesser of the two is the few judgmental adults. The adults that make comments. The adults that judge him passively and not so passively. The adults that remind him that their job is a bit harder because they have “rules” that need to be enforced in their rooms and its difficult “when they come from your room.”

Forget the fact that we have more regional science winners than ever before. Forget the fact that our kids are truly believing again (like they believed when they were much younger) that they like science.
None of that matters. What matters to these few angst causing adults is that the kids are harder to control due to the Science teacher giving the kids some control.

The main area where this teacher has angst is in figuring out how to engage the students. How to create an environment where all of them are in a totally absorbed state of mind without even realizing it. How does he get the kids looking and acting like a group of kids enthralled in a video game….while at the same time meeting the expectations of the institution?

How does he convince the kids to learn for the sake of learning while at the same time saying “clear your desks for the test?” How can he best keep the flow of the learning going while also making sure they know the vocab words that are on the common assessments and state tests?

I walk in this classroom nearly everyday, but when I walked in towards the end of one of his classes this past Wednesday the teacher was sitting down with the students and asking them, imploring them to help him figure out how he can engage ALL of them.
“When you think about learning, when you think back to the times that you were really motivated, what types of things were you doing?” He asked them.

A student answered, “friendly competitions.” Many other students perked up at this answer and chimed in “Yeah, like jeopardy type games, where we collaborate for the answer and stuff.”

“Or like when we made those Rube Goldberg machines and we were trying to beat the other groups.”

The bell rang and I stayed to debrief with the teacher about the conversation he just elicited.
He told me, “before you came in I was telling the students I really needed them to stop worrying about grades, and they told me “we have been taught since kindergarten that the most important thing is to get an A.”

“Yep,” I said. “getting the right answer and the importance of an A is pounded into them at school and at home.”

I continued, “what I realized, as the students were talking with you, was that they didn’t even comprehend what you were asking them. They can’t separate learning from a test. So when you ask them how can they be engaged they simply think about ways they are motivated to learn for the test.
Kids want the answer to “why are we doing this.” For some the motivator is simply for the grade. For others the motivator is, “to win the game,” or, “so I don’t get in trouble,” There are some that jump right in just for the sake of learning something new….but I don’t think there are a lot of those kids.”

Of course, saying this to the Science teacher caused him more angst. “I don’t know what I’m doing.” He responds. “I don’t know how much longer I can do this. School keeps getting in my way.”

“That means you’re doing it right,” I replied. “Its the people that have it all figured out that I worry about. The kids love you, and they respect you because they know you respect them. Plus, they love science again.”

“Yeah, but next year when they visit they are going to tell me how they are getting their teeth kicked in because Science is so hard. Am I doing them a disservice by not preparing them for that?”

“We don’t need to prepare kids to deal with things that suck. They had many classes that required them to sit, study, and regurgitate before they ever had your class. You are showing them what Science in school can be…and we never know which of your students may grow to be teachers themselves. Perhaps they will model your class.”

“Thanks bud.” He said, “But, I don’t know what I’m doing.”"

[via: "Great piece on the stress endured by teachers who try to buck the system to create better experiences for kids."
https://twitter.com/cblack__/status/947905528520249344 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>education teaching howweteach angst 2017 learning children empowerment grades grading motivation intrinsicmotivation extrinsicmotivation thewhy deschooling unschooling michaellangan testing assessment respect science lcproject openstudioproject stress</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_tUZ6dybrc">
    <title>The Black Outdoors: Fred Moten &amp; Saidiya Hartman at Duke University - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2017-12-24T00:17:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_tUZ6dybrc</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Black Outdoors: Humanities Futures after Property and Possession seeks to interrogate the relation between race, sexuality, and juridical and theological ideas of self-possession, often evidenced by the couplet of land-ownership and self-regulation, a couplet predicated on settler colonialism and historically racist, sexist, homophobic and classist ideas of bodies fit for (self-) governance. 

The title of the working group and speaker series points up the ways blackness figures as always outside the state, unsettled, unhomed, and unmoored from sovereignty in its doubled-form of aggressively white discourses on legitimate citizenship on one hand and the public/private divide itself on the other. The project will address questions of  the "black outdoors" in relationship to literary, legal, theological, philosophical, and artistic works, especially poetry and visual arts.

Co-convened by J. Kameron Carter (Duke Divinity School/Black Church Studies) and Sarah Jane Cervenak (African American and African Diaspora Studies, UNC-G)"

…

[Fred Moten (31:00)]

"Sometimes I feel like I just haven't been able to… well, y'all must feel this… somehow I just can't quite figure out a good way to make myself clear when it comes to certain things. But I really feel like it's probably not my fault. I don't know that it's possible to be clear when it comes to these kinds of things. I get scared about saying certain kinds of stuff because I feel like sometimes it can seem really callous, and I don't want to seem that way because it's not because I don't feel shit or because I don't care. But let's talk about it in terms of what it would mean to live in a way that would reveal or to show no signs of human habitation.

Obviously there's a field or a space or a constraint, a container, a bounded space. Because every time you were saying unbounded, J., I kept thinking, "Is that right?" I mean I always remember Chomsky used to make this really interesting distinction that I don' think I ever fully understood between that which was bounded, but infinite and that which was unbounded, but finite. So another way to put it, if it's unbounded, it's still finite. And there's a quite specific and often quite brutal finitude that structures whatever is going on within the general, if we can speak of whatever it is to be within the general framework of the unbounded.

The whole point about escape is that it's an activity. It's not an achievement. You don't ever get escaped. And what that means is whatever you're escaping from is always after you. It's always on you, like white on rice, so to speak. But the thing about it is that I've been interested in, but it's hard to think about and talk about, would be that we can recognize the absolute horror, the unspeakable, incalculable terror and horror that accompanies the necessity of not leaving a trace of human inhabitation. And then there's the whole question of what would a life be that wasn't interested in leaving a trace of human habitation? So, in church, just because my friend Ken requested it, fuck the human. Fuck human inhabitation. 

It's this necessity… The phrase I use sometimes and I always think about specifically in relation to Fannie Lou Hamer — because I feel like it's me just giving a spin on a theoretical formulation that she made in practice — is "to refuse that which has been refused to you." That's what I'm interested in. And that doesn't mean that what's at stake is some kind of blind, happy, celebratory attitude towards all of the beautiful stuff we have made under constraint. I love all the beautiful stuff we've made under constraint, but I'm pretty sure I would all the beautiful stuff we'd make out from under constraint better.

But there's no way to get to that except through this. We can't go around this. We gotta fight through this. And that means that anybody who thinks that they can understand how terrible the terror has been without understanding how beautiful the beauty has been against the grain of that terror is wrong. there is no calculus of the terror that can make a proper calculation without reference to that which resists it. It's just not possible."]]></description>
<dc:subject>fredmoten saidiyahartman blackness 2016 jkameroncarter fredricjameson webdubois sarahjanecervenak unhomed unsettled legibility statelessness illegibility sovereignty citizenship governance escape achievement life living fannielouhamer resistance refusal terror beauty cornelwest fugitives captives captivity academia education grades grading degrading fugitivity language fellowship conviviality outdoors anarchy anarchism constraints slavery oppression race racism confidence poverty privilege place time bodies body humans mobility possessions</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.pbs.org/video/why-do-we-get-grades-in-school-vfjen8/">
    <title>Why Do We Get Grades in School? | Origin of Everything | PBS</title>
    <dc:date>2017-12-16T06:31:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.pbs.org/video/why-do-we-get-grades-in-school-vfjen8/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Will you get a B+, C, an A-, a D+ or the dreaded F? We’ve all had that moment of sheer panic while waiting for your report card. But when you step back, it’s worth asking why do we get letter grades at all? And whatever happened to E? Find out in this week's episode!"]]></description>
<dc:subject>grades grading education learning schools ranking 2017 assessment history lettergrades alfiekohn</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/AnaMardoll/status/934472831789826048">
    <title>Ana Mardoll on Twitter: &quot;The thing about every &quot;I did [ableist thing] and everyone was happy with me&quot; article is that it relies heavily on human confirmation bias.… https://t.co/2wRZLAj4yF&quot;</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-25T18:48:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/AnaMardoll/status/934472831789826048</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The thing about every "I did [ableist thing] and everyone was happy with me" article is that it relies heavily on human confirmation bias. https://twitter.com/nrsmithccny/status/934032393572356096 …

Most humans are poised to believe that our decisions will have good outcomes. That's why we MAKE the decisions, after all. We pick what seems like the best decision and we hope it turns out well.

Recognizing that the decision was a BAD one in retrospect is REALLY HARD, and becomes even harder when we have to grapple with the fact that we hurt people in the process.

So when teachers ban laptops or fidget spinners or whatever, or when employers force everyone to wear fitbits and take the stairs, they're STARTING with the belief that this will have a good outcome.

Then we look at the words Nicholas has used there: "Low cost" to ban electronics. Well, for him it surely was!

For the students who had to scramble to buy paper and pens and bags to carry them in when they'd been EXPECTING to use the laptop they already owned... a bit more cost.

"Minimal Resistance". That isn't really surprising when we understand that disabled students aren't the majority--which is why they're so easy to stomp all over.

Also not surprising when we understand the high COST of "resisting". Easier to drop the class.

"Learning improved dramatically" but based on what? Knowing that this is a situation heavily prone to bias, how do we measure that? 

This isn't pedantry. We're talking about a school. Research methods are important.

We also need to understand how fucked up it is when the goal is to maximize the experience for the geniuses in the class and if the bottom 10% drop out because it's too hard, that's considered a GOOD thing.

If banning electronics causes a "sharpening" of the grade curve--fewer "middle" students, but the higher ones get higher and the lower ones go lower--that means embracing the destruction of the weak in order to elevate your preferred students.

The American school system is competitive in really messed up ways, and electronics bans play into that. If you can't "cut it" with paper notes, you're left behind. Teaching as social Darwinism.

I am going to add, and folks aren't going to like this, that professors are some of the most ableist people on the planet. In my experience.

They've risen to the top of a heavily ableist system that is DEEPLY invested in pretending that it's merit-based. 

In the midst of that merit-based pretense, they're also urged to believe that they're biologically better, smarter, cleverer, deeper thinkers.

So you have people who believe they are biologically better than disabled people but also think they know how to accommodate us. Red flags right there.

They're also steeped in a competitive atmosphere where learning takes a backseat to rankings and numbers games and competition. 

So very quickly any accommodation seems like "cheating".

You need an extra hour to take the test? How is that FAIR to the OTHER students? 

We wouldn't ask these questions if we weren't obsessively ranking and grading and comparing students to each other in an attempt to sift out the "best".

Why do we do that? Well, part of it is a dance for capitalism; the employers want a shiny GPA number so they know who will be the better employee. 

But a lot of professors don't really think about that. They just live for the competition itself, and they view us as disruptive.

They also view us, fundamentally, as lesser. No matter how much we learn, we'll never be peak students because we're disabled. 

That means we're disposable if we threaten the actual "peak" students and their progress.

That's why laptop ban conversations ALWAYS devolve into "but if you allow laptops for disabled kids, the able-bodied students will use them and be distracted!" 

The worry is that the abled-kids who COULD be "peak" students won't be.

If the options are: 

(1) Disabled kid, 3.5 GPA. Abled kid, 3.5 GPA. 

(2) Disabled kid, 2.0 GPA, Abled kid, 4.0 GPA. 

They'll pick #2 every time. They don't want everyone to do moderately well; they want a Star.

Professors want STARS, because a STAR means they're doing well. They're the best coach in the competitive sports they call "school". 

Throwing a disabled student under the bus to make sure the able-bodied Star isn't distracted? No brainer. 9 out of 10 professors will do it.

I had very few professors--over 7 years and 2 schools--who recognized the ranking system was garbage.

One of them told us on the first day of class that we would all get As, no matter what we did. Told us that we didn't even need to show up, but that he HOPED we would because he believed we could learn from him.

I learned more from that class than maybe any other I took that year. The erasure of all my fear, anxiety, competition, and need to "win" left me able to focus SO much better. 

It's INTERESTING that we don't talk about banning GRADES and instead we ban laptops.

We could improve learning dramatically if we banned grades. But we don't. Why not?

- Capitalism. We want employers to pick our students.

- Ableism. We LIKE ranking humans from better to worse.

- Cynicism. We don't believe students WANT to learn, we think we need to force them.

So in an effort to forced Abled Allen to be the best in a competition for capitalism, we ban laptops. 

If Disabled Debbie does poorly after the laptop ban, it's no great tragedy; she was never going to be a 4.0 student anyway. Not like Abled Allen, the winner.

Anyway. Laptop bans are ableist. So is a moratorium on any notes whatsoever. Let students learn the way they feel comfortable learning.

And asking students to "trust" teachers will put disabled students first is naive in the extreme. 

I don't "trust" a team coach to prioritize the needs of a third-string quarterback. Maybe some will, but most won't.

(Final note that there ARE good teachers out there and even good DISABLED teachers. I'm talking about systemic problems, not saying that all professors are evil. The problem is the system, not necessarily the people.)

(Although some of the people ARE trash. But only some.)

The original tweet is gone and please don't harass the teacher in question. Here's a screenshot for context, otherwise my thread makes little sense.

I want to add something that I touched on in another thread: Teachers are PROFOUNDLY out of touch when it comes to note-taking.

I guaran-fucking-tee these college teachers who "insist" their students note-take by hand aren't hand-writing to this extent.

For example, the quoted tweet has a professor saying "you just type whatever I say without thinking". That is so ridiculous.Ana My mobile still could load it. 

Hardly anyone I know types fast enough to transcribe human speech. 

When I take typed notes, I'm choosing what to include and what to leave out. Those choices are interacting with the material.

I'm not recording like a robot.

These professors have been out of the "student seat" for so long that they don't know what studenting is like. 

They think we're transcriptionists when we're not. They think pen-and-paper students are paying perfect attention when they're not.

They think writing notes for 4-5 classes a day for 4-7 years is easy on the hands, when it's not. 

They just don't KNOW, but (scarily!) they think they do."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.jessestommel.com/why-i-dont-grade/">
    <title>Why I Don't Grade | Jesse Stommel</title>
    <dc:date>2017-10-29T22:26:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.jessestommel.com/why-i-dont-grade/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I've long argued education should be about encouraging and rewarding not knowing more than knowing. When I give presentatiatons on grading and assessment, I often get some variation of the question: “How would you want your doctor to have been assessed?” My cheeky first answer is that I want the system to assure my doctor has read all the books of Jane Austen, because critical thinking is what will help them save my life when they encounter a situation they've never encountered before. I go on to say that I would want a mixture of things assessed and a mixture of kinds of assessment, because the work of being a doctor (or engineer, sociologist, teacher, etc.) is sufficiently complex that any one system of measurement or indicator of supposed mastery will necessarily fail.

There are lots of alternatives to traditional assessment and ways to approach ungrading, which I'll explore further in a future post. In some ways, I am withholding the mechanics of ungrading deliberately here, because I agree with Alfie Kohn who writes, “When the how’s of assessment preoccupy us, they tend to chase the why’s back into the shadows.” Grades are not something we should have ever allowed to be naturalized. Assessment should be, by its nature, an open question."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/top-college-rankings-list-2017-us-news-investigation/">
    <title>How U.S. News college rankings promote economic inequality on campus</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-12T06:28:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/top-college-rankings-list-2017-us-news-investigation/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Once ladders of social mobility, universities increasingly reinforce existing wealth, fueling a backlash that helped elect Donald Trump."

…

"America’s universities are getting two report cards this year. The first, from the Equality of Opportunity Project, brought the shocking revelation that many top universities, including Princeton and Yale, admit more students from the top 1 percent of earners than the bottom 60 percent combined. The second, from U.S. News and World Report, is due on Tuesday — with Princeton and Yale among the contenders for the top spot in the annual rankings.

The two are related: A POLITICO review shows that the criteria used in the U.S. News rankings — a measure so closely followed in the academic world that some colleges have built them into strategic plans — create incentives for schools to favor wealthier students over less wealthy applicants.

Those criteria often serve as unofficial guidelines for some colleges’ admission decisions and financial priorities, with a deeply ingrained assumption that the more a school spends — and the more elite its student body — the higher it climbs in the rankings. And that reinforces what many see as a dire situation in American higher education.

“We are creating a permanent underclass in America based on education — something we’ve never had before,” said Brit Kirwan, former chancellor of the University of Maryland system.

For instance, Southern Methodist University in Dallas conducted a billion-dollar fundraising drive devoted to many of the areas ranked by U.S. News, including spending more on faculty and recruiting students with higher SAT scores — and jumped in the rankings. Meanwhile, Georgia State University, which has become a national model for graduating more low- and moderate-income students, dropped 30 spots.

Among the factors in the U.S. News formula are:

—Students’ performance on standardized admissions tests, which correlate strongly with family income, more than high school grades, which have less of a correlation.

— Having a lower acceptance rate, which many colleges have sought to achieve by leaning more on early decision admissions; this hurts lower-income students who apply to more schools in order to compare financial aid packages.

— Performing well on surveys of high school guidance counselors from highly ranked high schools, while many high schools in less affluent areas have few or no counselors.

— Alumni giving, which creates incentives to appease alumni by accepting their kids.

Meanwhile, there is no measurement for the economic diversity of the student body, despite political pressure dating back to the Obama administration and a 2016 election that revealed rampant frustration over economic inequality. There is, however, growing evidence that elite universities have reinforced that inequality.

Recent studies have produced the most powerful statistical evidence in decades that higher education — once considered the ladder of economic mobility — is a prime source of rewarding established wealth. One report by the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation found that kids from the top quartile of income earners account for 72 percent of students at the nation’s most competitive schools, while those from the bottom quartile are just 3 percent. Fewer than 10 percent of those in the lowest quartile of income ever get a bachelor’s degree, research has shown.

The lack of economic diversity extends far beyond the Ivy League, and now includes scores of private and public universities, according to the Equality of Opportunity Project, which used tax data to study campus economic trends from 2000 to 2011, the most recent years available. For instance, the University of Michigan enrolls just 16 percent of its student body from the bottom 60 percent of earners. Nearly 10 percent of its students are from the top 1 percent."

…

"Alexander noted that a key to success in the rankings is paying higher faculty salaries and spending more per student overall, which drives up tuition in an era when sticker price has kept many low-income students from even applying to college.

Much of the score “is about spending the most amount of money on the fewest amount of students — and generally, students you already know are going to succeed,” Alexander said. “We’re spending more money on students who need it the least — and U.S. News gives you high marks for that. I call it ‘the greatest inefficiency ranking in America.’”

Carol Christ, chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley — perennially near the top of the rankings — said the extent to which U.S. News motivates schools to pick wealthier students is “mind-boggling.”

“At a time when we should all be concerned about the financial efficiency of higher education, U.S. News rankings certainly don’t reward for that,” Christ said. “It’s so troubling to me.”

Kirwan cast the problem in simpler terms, saying that U.S. News creates the false impression that schools with the wealthiest students are, based on their criteria, the best.

“If some foreign power wanted to diminish higher education in America, they would have created the U.S. News and World Report rankings,” he said. “You need both more college graduates in the economy and you need many more low-income students getting the benefit of higher education — and U.S. News and World Report has metrics that work directly in opposition to accomplishing those two things that our nation so badly needs.”

An elitist equation

Higher education in America is a fiercely competitive enterprise. It’s a market-based system in which status is largely based on perception — a university’s prestige has an inordinate effect on who applies and how easily students are able to get jobs with lucrative employers. And the mark of prestige, in recent decades, has been a ratings system begun by the nation’s third-largest news magazine.

Mitchell Stevens, a Stanford University sociologist who has studied college admission practices, said the U.S. News rankings have evolved into nothing less than “the machinery that organizes and governs this competition.”

“They’re kind of a peculiar form of governance,” he said. “They’re not states, they’re not official regulators, they don’t have the backing of a government agency. But they effectively serve as the governance of higher education in this country because schools essentially use them to make sense of who they are relative to each other. And families use them basically as a guide to the higher education marketplace.”"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://digitallearning.middcreate.net/critical-digital-pedagogy/subjectivity-rubrics-and-critical-pedagogy/">
    <title>Subjectivity, Rubrics, and Critical Pedagogy – OFFICE OF DIGITAL LEARNING</title>
    <dc:date>2017-08-05T20:26:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://digitallearning.middcreate.net/critical-digital-pedagogy/subjectivity-rubrics-and-critical-pedagogy/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In “Embracing Subjectivity,”مها بالي (Maha Bali) argues “that subjectivity is the human condition. Everything else that attempts to be objective or neutral is pretense. It is inauthentic. It is not even something I strive towards.”

And yet we try very hard to be objective in the way we evaluate student work. Objectivity is equated with fairness, and is a tool for efficiency.

For too long—really, since its inception—instructional design has been built upon silencing. Instructional design generally assumes that all students are duplicates of one another. Or, as Martha Burtis has said, traditional design assumes standardized features, creates standardized courses, with a goal of graduating standardized students.

Despite any stubborn claims to the contrary, instructional design assigns learners to a single seat, a single set of characteristics. One look at the LMS gradebook affirms this: students are rows in a spreadsheet. Even profile images of students are contained in all the same circles, lined up neatly along the side of a discussion forum: a raised hand, a unique identifier, signified. “This is your student,” the little picture tells the instructor. And now we know them—the LMS has personalized learning.

This design is for efficiency, a thing that online teachers—especially those who design their own courses—desperately need. Digital interfaces can feel alienating, disconcerting, and inherently chaotic already; but add to that the diversity of student bodies behind the screen (an adjunct at a community college may teach upwards of 200 students per term), and staying on top of lessons and homework and e-mail and discussions feels hopeless at worst, Sisyphean at best.

And yet this striving for efficiency enacts an erasure that is deeply problematic.

Rubrics

Sherri Spelic writes:

<blockquote>Inclusion is a construction project. Inclusion must be engineered. It is unlikely to “happen” on its own. Rather, those who hold the power of invitation must also consciously create the conditions for sincere engagement, where underrepresented voices receive necessary air time, where those contributing the necessary “diversity” are part of the planning process. Otherwise we recreate the very systems of habit we are seeking to avoid: the unintentional silencing of our “included” colleagues.</blockquote>

If we are to approach teaching from a critical pedagogical perspective, we must be conscious of the ways that “best practices” and other normal operations of education and classroom management censure and erase difference. We must also remain aware of the way in which traditional classroom management and instructional strategies have a nearly hegemonic hold on our imaginations. We see certain normalized teaching behaviors as the way learning happens, rather than as practices that were built to suit specific perspectives, institutional objectives, and responses to technology.

The rubric is one such practice that has become so automatic a part of teaching that, while its form is modified and critiqued, its existence rarely is. I have spoken with many teachers who use rubrics because:

• they make grading fair and balanced;
• they make grading easier;
• they give students clear information about what the instructor expects;
• they eliminate mystery, arbitrariness, and bias.

Teachers and students both advocate for rubrics. If they are not a loved part of teaching and learning, they are an expected part. But let’s look quickly at some of the reasons why:

Rubrics Make Grading Fair and Balanced

Rubrics may level the grading playing field, it’s true. All students are asked to walk through the same doorway to pass an assignment. However, that doorway—its height, width, shape, and the material from which it is made—was determined by the builder. مها بالي reminds us that, “Freire points out that every content choice we make needs to be questioned in terms of ‘who chooses the content…in favor of whom, against whom, in favor of what, against what.'” In other words, we need to inspect our own subjectivity—our own privilege to be arbitrary—when it comes to building rubrics. Can we create a rubric that transcends our subjective perspective on the material or work at hand? Can we create a rubric through which anyone—no matter their height, width, or shape—may pass?

Recently, collaborative rubrics are becoming a practice. Here, teachers and students sit down and design a rubric for an assignment together. This feels immediately more egalitarian. However, this practice is nonetheless founded on the assumption that 1. rubrics are necessary; 2. a rubric can be created which will encompass and account for the diversity of experience of all the students involved.

Rubrics Make Grading Easier

No objection here. Yes, rubrics make grading easier. And if easy grading is a top concern for our teaching practice, maybe rubrics are the best solution. Unless they’re not.

Rubrics (like grading and assessment) center authority on the teacher. Instead of the teacher filling the role of guide or counsel or collaborator, the rubric asks the teacher to be a judge. (Collaborative rubrics are no different, especially when students are asked by the teacher to collaborate with them on building one.) What if the problem to be solved is not whether grading should be easier, but whether grading should take the same form it always has? Self-assessment and reflection, framed by suggestions for what about their work to inspect, can offer students a far more productive kind of feedback than the quantifiable feedback of a rubric. And they also make grading easier.

Rubrics Give Clear Information about What the Instructor Expects

Again, no objection here. A well-written rubric will offer learners a framework within which to fit their work. However, even a warm, fuzzy, flexible rubric centers power and control on the instructor. Freire warned against the “banking model” of education; and in this case, the rubric becomes a pedagogical artifact that doesn’t just constrain and remove agency from the learner, it also demands that the instructor teach to its matrix. Build a rubric, build the expectations for learners in your classroom, and you also build your own practice.

The rubric doesn’t free anyone.

Rubrics Eliminate Mystery, Arbitrariness, and Bias

This is simply not true. No written work is without its nuance, complication, and mystery. Even the best technical manuals still leave us scratching our heads or calling the help desk. Rubrics raise questions; it is impossible to cover all the bases precisely because no two students are the same. That is the first and final failing of a rubric: no two students are the same, no two writing, thinking, or critical processes are the same; and yet the rubric requires that the product of these differences fall within a margin of homogeneity.

As regards arbitrariness and bias, if a human builds a rubric, it is arbitrary and biased.

Decolonizing Pedagogy

Critical Digital Pedagogy is a decolonizing effort. bell hooks quotes Samia Nehrez’s statement about decolonization at the opening of Black Looks: Race and Representation:

Decolonization … continues to be an act of confrontation with a hegemonic system of thought; it is hence a process of considerable historical and cultural liberation. As such, decolonization becomes the contestation of all dominant forms and structures, whether they be linguistic, discursive, or ideological. Moreover, decolonization comes to be understood as an act of exorcism for both the colonized and the colonizer.

For Critical Pedagogy, and Critical Digital Pedagogy, to work, we have to recognize the ways in which educational theory, especially that which establishes a hierarchy of power and knowledge, is oppressive for both teacher and student. To do this work, we have to be willing to inspect our assumptions about teaching and learning… which means leaving no stone unturned.

With regards to our immediate work, then, building assignments and such (but also building syllabi, curricula, assessments), we need to develop for ourselves a starting place. Perhaps in an unanticipated second-order move, Freire, who advocated for a problem-posing educational model, has posed a problem. A Critical Digital Pedagogy cannot profess best practices, cannot provide one-size-fits-all rubrics for its implementation, because it is itself a problem that’s been posed.

How do we confront the classrooms we learned in, our own expectations for education, learners’ acquiescence to (and seeming satisfaction with) instructor power, and re-model an education that enlists agency, decolonizes instructional practices, and also somehow meets the needs of the institution?"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://time.com/money/4779223/valedictorian-success-research-barking-up-wrong/">
    <title>How Successful Valedictorians Are After High School | Money</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-30T03:02:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://time.com/money/4779223/valedictorian-success-research-barking-up-wrong/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["What becomes of high school valedictorians? It’s what every parent wishes their teenager to be. Mom says study hard and you’ll do well. And very often Mom is right.

But not always.

Karen Arnold, a researcher at Boston College, followed 81 high school valedictorians and salutatorians from graduation onward to see what becomes of those who lead the academic pack. Of the 95 percent who went on to graduate college, their average GPA was 3.6, and by 1994, 60 percent had received a graduate degree. There was little debate that high school success predicted college success. Nearly 90 percent are now in professional careers with 40 percent in the highest tier jobs. They are reliable, consistent, and well-adjusted, and by all measures the majority have good lives.

But how many of these number-one high school performers go on to change the world, run the world, or impress the world? The answer seems to be clear: zero.

Commenting on the success trajectories of her subjects, Karen Arnold said, “Even though most are strong occupational achievers, the great majority of former high school valedictorians do not appear headed for the very top of adult achievement arenas.” In another interview Arnold said, “Valedictorians aren’t likely to be the future’s visionaries . . . they typically settle into the system instead of shaking it up.”

Was it just that these 81 didn’t happen to reach the stratosphere? No. Research shows that what makes students likely to be impressive in the classroom is the same thing that makes them less likely to be home-run hitters outside the classroom.

So why are the number ones in high school so rarely the number ones in real life? There are two reasons. First, schools reward students who consistently do what they are told. Academic grades correlate only loosely with intelligence (standardized tests are better at measuring IQ). Grades are, however, an excellent predictor of self-discipline, conscientiousness, and the ability to comply with rules.

In an interview, Arnold said, “Essentially, we are rewarding conformity and the willingness to go along with the system.” Many of the valedictorians admitted to not being the smartest kid in class, just the hardest worker. Others said that it was more an issue of giving teachers what they wanted than actually knowing the material better. Most of the subjects in the study were classified as “careerists”: they saw their job as getting good grades, not really as learning.

The second reason is that schools reward being a generalist. There is little recognition of student passion or expertise. The real world, however, does the reverse. Arnold, talking about the valedictorians, said, “They’re extremely well rounded and successful, personally and professionally, but they’ve never been devoted to a single area in which they put all their passion. That is not usually a recipe for eminence.”

If you want to do well in school and you’re passionate about math, you need to stop working on it to make sure you get an A in history too. This generalist approach doesn’t lead to expertise. Yet eventually we almost all go on to careers in which one skill is highly rewarded and other skills aren’t that important.

Ironically, Arnold found that intellectual students who enjoy learning struggle in high school. They have passions they want to focus on, are more interested in achieving mastery, and find the structure of school stifling. Meanwhile, the valedictorians are intensely pragmatic. They follow the rules and prize A’s over skills and deep understanding.

School has clear rules. Life often doesn’t. When there’s no clear path to follow, academic high achievers break down. Shawn Achor’s research at Harvard shows that college grades aren’t any more predictive of subsequent life success than rolling dice. A study of over seven hundred American millionaires showed their average college GPA was 2.9.

Following the rules doesn’t create success; it just eliminates extremes—both good and bad. While this is usually good and all but eliminates downside risk, it also frequently eliminates earthshaking accomplishments. It’s like putting a governor on your engine that stops the car from going over fifty-five; you’re far less likely to get into a lethal crash, but you won’t be setting any land speed records either."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/05/unconventional-admissions-policy/483423/">
    <title>How Rutgers University-Newark's Approach to Admissions Helps Black Students Graduate - The Atlantic</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-30T00:17:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/05/unconventional-admissions-policy/483423/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["With the national college-graduation rate for black students half that of whites, this school is changing the rules of the game—and beating the odds."

…

"Protests focused on entrenched racism rocked campuses around the country this year. Many top colleges enroll small numbers of black students, and the four-year college graduation rate for black students is half that of whites.

In response, many admissions officers have been scouring the country—and the globe—to attract “qualified” black and brown students, striving to meet diversity targets while avoiding students they consider “at risk” of dropping out.

But a growing group of colleges and universities think that the calculation for who is “at risk” is fundamentally wrong. They not only accept students often turned away by other four-year universities, but also aggressively recruit them, believing that their academic potential has been vastly underrated.

Rutgers University-Newark in New Jersey has a graduation rate for black students that is far above the national average. But instead of offering out-sized athletic scholarships or perks to potential out-of-state students, the university is doubling down on a bid for students who are often ignored—low-income, urban, public high-school graduates with mediocre test scores.  

Rutgers offers free tuition for low- and moderate-income Newark residents and local transfer students, regardless of their GPAs and test scores. Its newly minted honors program doesn’t consider SAT scores for admissions. It has put emotional and financial supports in place. Course offerings have been enhanced.

And administrators don’t see their efforts as charity.

“We’re a land grant public institution with a commitment to our state and our city, and that’s the talent we should be cultivating,” said Nancy Cantor, who has been chancellor at Rutgers-Newark for two years. “There’s phenomenal knowledge and talent out there, and that contributes so much to the institution. We don’t have the traditional view that we’re somehow ‘letting these kids in’ to be influenced by us.”

In 2015, Rutgers-Newark’s six-year graduation rate was 64 percent for black students and 63 percent for white students, according to administrators, compared with 40 percent and 61 percent respectively at public institutions nationally.

Among public universities whose student populations are at least 5 percent black and one-quarter low-income, Rutgers-Newark had the second-highest black male graduation rate in the nation in 2013 and the fifth-highest black graduation rate overall. It also had a much higher percentage of low-income students and African American students than the four universities above it.

“These are very talented students who, for a variety of reasons, rarely having to do with their own issues, are going to get bypassed if we don’t draw them into the education system,” Cantor said."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/teachers-going-gradeless/grades-equity-and-the-grammar-of-school-7d708401b7c9">
    <title>Grades, Equity, and the Grammar of School – Teachers Going Gradeless – Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-29T18:44:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/teachers-going-gradeless/grades-equity-and-the-grammar-of-school-7d708401b7c9</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Teachers lead a lot of change only to be bound by “grammar of school”, or the “organisational regularities” that largely lie outside of the control of individuals (David Tyack & Larry Cuban). Like Sparks, most teachers who aim to go gradeless in their classrooms still have to report grades because of the grammar of school."

…

"As we de-emphasize grades in our classroom, we still have a responsibility to make the larger grammar of schooling intelligible to our students so they can see a clear connection between our assessment and the numbers that will follow them around."

…

"Grades are part of what work to create the illusion that we live in a meritocracy, and so when people like Bock claim to have hit on practices that really help to discover merit, we also need to treat those practices with skepticism."

…

"Can we look forward to a ‘more flexible grading system’ in the near future? I hope so. But given that we live in a society where corporations turn bits of our lives into data points, we’ll need to help students navigate the new grammars of school."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://eyeondesign.aiga.org/the-west-coast-design-program-with-a-messy-vitality/">
    <title>The West Coast Design Program with a Messy Vitality | Eye on Design</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-28T07:25:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://eyeondesign.aiga.org/the-west-coast-design-program-with-a-messy-vitality/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: http://jarrettfuller.blog/post/161033290767/margaret-andersen-writing-for-the-aiga-eye-on ]

"“In the ’70s I wouldn’t have been allowed in the program,” says [Jeffrey] Keedy. “By the mid-’80s when I came to CalArts, most design programs were still strongly entrenched in Bauhaus modernist dogma that still holds sway today. The disruption that the transition to digital technologies caused in the profession created an opening for new ways of thinking about design, and CalArts has always been receptive to new ways of thinking. Given its history, it makes sense that it would become a stronghold for postmodernism in design.”

Despite changes to the program over time, Keedy notes that one fundamental idea that has remained constant since the beginning of CalArts is that “the school is founded on the premise of artists teaching artists, which in the graphic design school means that from day one, students ARE graphic designers. There is no undergraduate foundation year like at many other schools; it’s full immersion in the métier. The studio culture is an important component of this model; classes move together as a body through the program, as a studio. And then there is the intense and twice-weekly critique…“"

Those twice-weekly critiques, coupled with electives and extracurricular projects or initiatives, mean the design students rarely leave their studios. Since they are given 24-hour access to all facilities, each designer’s cubicle becomes a home away from home. Wacom tablets share desk space with rice cookers and coffee makers; books on design theory and typography compete for shelf space with cans of LaCroix and personal bric-a-brac.

A variety of well-behaved studio dogs, and even a cat named Phoebe, wait patiently beneath several desks while their owners tile posters or trim spreads late into the night. If students are ever stuck on a project, they’re just a cubicle away from their classmates for an informal critique, or they can visit Ed Fella who keeps open office hours in one of the MFA studios. Though he’s retired from teaching, Fella remains a creative resource and mentor to the students, and is always up for a friendly chat.

Dameon Waggoner, a current MFA1, loves the fact that students can have these informal conversations about design and process with living legends like Fella. “I went to university for my undergrad,” Waggoner says, “and it was much more of a hierarchic goal system there with professors vs. students. Here I feel like I can really access people, talk to them, and really get down to what matters.”

Anther Kiley says the small size of the program “allows for close faculty mentorship of students. All the GD faculty know all of the students, and there’s a sense of real care and responsibility for each student’s trajectory.”

Classes aren’t structured around a traditional grading system either. Students instead receive evaluations categorized by High Pass, Pass, or the dreaded Low Pass. “There’s an academic rigor here that is maybe unparalleled at other design schools,” says Waggoner. “For example, everyone’s required to take Design Theory, and I think that’s such an important part of figuring out who you are as a designer. What you’re doing, what you’re making, why you’re making it, what is interesting to you, knowing what’s come before, knowing and trying to understand how you can contribute to the future of the field. I love that this place is so academically rigorous but still has a freedom to really explore creatively, visually, and conceptually.”

For all the time spent working in the classroom or studio, there are still moments in the day for downtime, where students can take a nap under a tree or join in instructor Gail Swanlund’s “un-studio” class that, in addition to image-making projects, takes hiking field trips to the many nature trails just a few miles from campus.  “There’s something unique but utterly day-to-day of everyone in proximity,” she says of life at CalArts. “The line between indoors and outdoors is slight, and with one step outside you realize the studios are surrounded by literally purple mountains, glittery sunshine, clacking crows, the expanses of over-watered, sodden lawns, and at night coyotes yipping nearby.”

Faculty member Colin Frazer says they are “dead set on building unstructured time into the curriculum. The notion that one should have time to ‘waste’—to ponder, to converse, to read, to let the mind wander—is truly becoming radical in a world defined by productivity, wealth creation, and efficiency. CalArts is not a place to come if you want someone to tell you what to do.”

Because the program is so small, Anther Kiley and Co-Director Scott Zukowski are able to keep the structure of the curriculum flexible, as they adapt to a changing landscape in higher education. “The challenge that all graphic design programs have been facing,” Kiley says, “is that the tools and media of design are expanding and changing so rapidly. The boundaries of the field are so amorphous and contested, that it’s less and less possible to cover all the bases. In addition, at the MFA level, the conventional two- or three-year residency model of graduate education (with its accompanying price tag) is being challenged by various alternative models.”

This might include “taking our grad students on the road for a semester of roaming residencies, launching an off-site lecture series, facilitating students in initiating experimental studio practices in lieu of a traditional thesis—all of this is very possible here! As a program we’ve always positioned ourselves in provocative tension with mainstream design pedagogy; I don’t think there’s ever been a sense of obligation to  represent the field of graphic design in some sort of comprehensive way. Our focus has always been on rigorously informed formal experimentation, and I see that as continuing to be our hallmark.”

So where do CalArts graduates end up landing jobs once they enter the profession? “Our alumni are geographically and professionally all over the map,” Keedy says. “The undergraduates usually work in the commercial or corporate world, and the grads typically go into cultural or institutional practices. But they are just as likely to pursue an entrepreneurial venture or a combination of different roles over a varied career trajectory.” While there may not be a typical post-CalArts career path, Keedy says that “foremost among the skills we teach is the ability to teach yourself to evolve.”

Keedy recalls his former colleague Louis Danziger’s description of the spirited ethos of the school and student body. “We will always remember Lou for saying, ‘at CalArts, the monkeys run the zoo.’”"]]></description>
<dc:subject>calarts 2017 margaretanderson jeffreykeedy graphicdesign louisesandhaus kathycarbone colinfrazer antherkiley scottzukowski curriculum artseducation lcproject openstudioproject teaching learning howwelearn grades grading practice responsibility care integrated unstructured tcsnmy</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.davidcayley.com/podcasts/2016/11/12/the-education-debates-part-seven">
    <title>The Education Debates Part Seven — davidcayley.com</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-21T21:13:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.davidcayley.com/podcasts/2016/11/12/the-education-debates-part-seven</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Deschooling Society: Paul Goodman, Ivan Illich, John Holt"]]></description>
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    <title>When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer… – Arthur Chiaravalli – Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2017-04-01T00:38:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/@hhschiaravalli/when-i-heard-the-learnd-astronomer-2b6f6ee991ad</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As I reflect back on these experiences, however, I wonder if the standards-based approach gave me a warped view of teaching and learning mathematics. I had apparently done an excellent job equipping my students with dozens of facts, concepts, and algorithms they could put into practice…on the multiple-choice final exam.

Somewhere, I’m sure, teachers were teaching math in a rich, interconnected, contextualized way. But that wasn’t the way I taught it, and my students likely never came to understand it in that way.

Liberating Language Arts

Fast forward to the present. For the past five years I have been back teaching in my major of language arts. Here the shortcomings of the standards-based method are compounded even further.

One of the more commonly stated goals of standards-based learning and grading is accuracy. First and foremost, accuracy means that grades should reflect academic achievement alone — as opposed to punctuality, behavior, compliance, or speed of learning. By implementing assessment, grading, and reporting practices similar to those I’d used in mathematics, I was able to achieve this same sort of accuracy in my language arts classes.

Accuracy, however, also refers to the quality of the assessments. Tom Schimmer, author of Grading From the Inside Out: Bringing Accuracy to Student Assessment through a Standards-based Mindset, states

<blockquote>Low-quality assessments have the potential to produce inaccurate information about student learning. Inaccurate formative assessments can misinform teachers and students about what should come next in the learning. Inaccurate summative assessments may mislead students and parents (and others) about students’ level of proficiency. When a teacher knows the purpose of an assessment, what specific elements to assess…he or she will most likely see accurate assessment information.</blockquote>

Unfortunately, assessment accuracy in the language arts and humanities in general is notoriously elusive. In a 1912 study of inter-rater reliability, Starch and Elliot (cited in Schinske and Tanner) found that different teachers gave a single English paper scores ranging from 50 to 98%. Other studies have shown similar inconsistencies due to everything from penmanship and the order in which the papers are reviewed to the sex, ethnicity, and attractiveness of the author.

We might argue that this situation has improved due to common language, range-finding committees, rubrics, and other modern developments in assessment, but problems remain. In order to achieve a modicum of reliability, language arts teams must adopt highly prescriptive scoring guides or rubrics, which as Alfie Kohn, Linda Mabry, and Maya Wilson have pointed out, necessarily neglect the central values of risk taking, style, and original thought.

This is because, as Maya Wilson observes, measurable aspects can represent “only a sliver of…values about writing: voice, wording, sentence fluency, conventions, content, organization, and presentation.” Just as the proverbial blind men touching the elephant receive an incorrect impression, so too do rubrics provide a limited — and therefore inaccurate — picture of student writing.

As Linda Mabry puts it,

<blockquote>The standardization of a skill that is fundamentally self-expressive and individualistic obstructs its assessment. And rubrics standardize the teaching of writing, which jeopardizes the learning and understanding of writing.</blockquote>

The second part of Mabry’s statement is even more disturbing, namely, that these attempts at accuracy and reliability not only obstruct accurate assessment, but paradoxically jeopardize students’ understanding of writing, not to mention other language arts. I have witnessed this phenomenon as we have created common assessments over the years. Our pre- and post-tests are now overwhelmingly populated with knowledge-based questions — terminology, vocabulary, punctuation rules. Pair this with formulaic, algorithmic approaches to the teaching and assessment of writing and you have a recipe for a false positive: students who score well with little vision of what counts for deep thinking or good writing.

It’s clear what we’re doing here: we’re trying to do to writing and other language arts what we’ve already done to mathematics. We’re trying to turn something rich and interconnected into something discrete, objective and measurable. Furthermore, the fundamentally subjective nature of student performance in the language arts renders this task even more problematic. Jean-Paul Sartre’s definition of subjectivity seems especially apt:

<blockquote>The subjectivity which we thus postulate as the standard of truth is no narrowly individual subjectivism…we are attaining to ourselves in the presence of the other, and we are just as certain of the other as we are of ourselves.…Thus the man who discovers himself directly in the cogito also discovers all the others, and discovers them as the condition of his own existence. He recognises that he cannot be anything…unless others recognise him as such. I cannot obtain any truth whatsoever about myself, except through the mediation of another. The other is indispensable to my existence, and equally so to any knowledge I can have of myself…Thus, at once, we find ourselves in a world which is, let us say, that of “intersubjectivity.”</blockquote>

First and foremost, the language arts involve communication: articulating one’s own ideas and responding to those of others. Assigning a score on a student’s paper does not constitute recognition. While never ceding my professional judgment and expertise as an educator, I must also find ways to allow students and myself to encounter one another as individuals. I must, as Gert Biesta puts it, create an environment in which individuals “come into presence,” that is, “show who they are and where they stand, in relation to and, most importantly, in response to what and who is other and different”:

<blockquote>Coming into presence is not something that individuals can do alone and by themselves. To come into presence means to come into presence in a social and intersubjective world, a world we share with others who are not like us…This is first of all because it can be argued that the very structure of our subjectivity, the very structure of who we are is thoroughly social.</blockquote>

Coming to this encounter with a predetermined set of “specific elements to assess” may hinder and even prevent me from providing recognition, Sartre’s prerequisite to self-knowledge. But it also threatens to render me obsolete.

The way I taught mathematics five years ago was little more than, as Biesta puts it, “an exchange between a provider and a consumer.” That transaction is arguably better served by Khan Academy and other online learning platforms than by me. As schools transition toward so-called “personalized” and “student-directed” approaches to learning, is it any wonder that the math component is often farmed out to self-paced online modules — ones that more perfectly provide the discrete, sequential, standards-based approach I developed toward the end of my tenure as math teacher?

Any teacher still teaching math in this manner should expect to soon be demoted to the status of “learning coach.” I hope we can avoid this same fate in language arts, but we won’t if we give into the temptation to reduce the richness of our discipline to standards and progression points, charts and columns, means, medians, and modes.

What’s the alternative? I’m afraid I’m only beginning to answer that question now. Adopting the sensible reforms of standards-based learning and grading seems to have been a necessary first step. But is it the very clarity of its approach — clearing the ground of anything unrelated to teaching and learning — that now urges us onward toward an intersubjective future populated by human beings, not numbers?

Replacing grades with feedback seems to have moved my students and me closer toward this more human future. And although this transition has brought a kind of relief, it has also occasioned anxiety. As the comforting determinism of tables, graphs, charts, and diagrams fade from view, we are left with fewer numbers to add, divide, and measure. All that’s left is human beings and the relationships between them. What Simone de Beauvoir says of men and women is also true of us as educators and students:

<blockquote>When two human categories are together, each aspires to impose its sovereignty upon the other. If both are able to resist this imposition, there is created between them a reciprocal relation, sometimes in enmity, sometimes in amity, always in tension.</blockquote>

So much of this future resides in communication, in encounter, in a fragile reciprocity between people. Like that great soul Whitman, we find ourselves “unaccountable” — or as he says elsewhere, “untranslatable.” We will never fit ourselves into tables and columns. Instead, we discover ourselves in the presence of others who are unlike us. Learning, growth, and self-knowledge occur only within this dialectic of mutual recognition.

Here we are vulnerable, verging on a reality as rich and astonishing as the one Whitman witnessed."]]></description>
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    <title>David Byrne | Journal | A Society in Miniature</title>
    <dc:date>2017-02-14T06:15:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://davidbyrne.com/journal/a-society-in-miniature</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["How does one learn to think different?

The Tate show is wonderful, even if it only covers a smattering of Bob’s prodigious output. The curator, Achim Borchardt-Hume, met my friend and I, and we began to ask about the place where Bob spent some of his formative years, Black Mountain College, in western North Carolina, near Asheville. We were curious what sort of place would nurture the innovation and free thinking of someone like Bob, as well as that of host of other writers, artists, architects, composers and choreographers who passed through that place. Ultimately one wants to know, can that spark be re-ignited, in a contemporary way?

That tiny place in Asheville North Carolina seemed to possess some magic ingredient during its relatively short life—pre- and post-WWII—that produced an incredible number of ground-breaking creators in a wide range of fields. It almost seemed as if everyone who was touched by that place, by their experience there, went on to a have a major impact in the 20th century, and beyond.

It was established in 1933, during the depths of the economic depression, and by the time the war was in full swing the faculty included an amazing group of people. Here is a partial list: Josef and Anni Albers, he a teacher and artist from the Bauhaus in Germany, she a textile artist; Walter Gropius, the innovative German modernist architect; painter Jacob Lawrence; the painters Elaine and Willem de Kooning and Robert Motherwell; Alfred Kazin, the writer; Buckminster Fuller the writer and architect—he made his dome there in ‘48; Paul Goodman, the playwright and social critic and poet Charles Olson. Poet William Carlos Williams and even Albert Einstein eventually joined the staff, as well.

The students were a hugely influential and innovative bunch, too. As word spread others visited there during their summer sessions to create new work—in 1952, John Cage came down and staged his first "happening" here while students Rauschenberg and Merce Cunningham assisted him with what later became known as performance art. There were painters Cy Twombly, Kenneth Noland, Dorothea Rockburne, Ben Shahn, Franz Kline, film director (Bonnie and Clyde!) Arthur Penn, writer Francine du Plessix Gray and poet Robert Creeley.

What kind of place could attract and nurture this diverse group of people?

One can’t help but wonder if there was a formula and if the kind of radical innovation that happened there and that was carried out into the world can be repeated. What was that formula? Was it the teachers? The location? The philosophy? The students—the self-selected types who opted to try that kind of experiment?

Here are the basics of the school’s philosophy. John Rice, the founder, believed that the arts are as important as academic subjects:

1. There was less segregation between disciplines than what might find at a conventional school.
2. There was also no separation between faculty and students; they ate together and mingled freely.
3. There were no grades.
4. One didn’t have to attend classes. During break sessions the faculty trusted the students, and, as a result—without the top down rules—the students worked harder than during normal class times.
5. Here’s what now seems like a really radical idea—manual labor (gardening, construction, etc) was also key. Try that at Harvard!. No one had outside jobs; they they all chipped in to build the actual school and to help serving meals or doing maintenance. The schools finances were somewhat precarious, so this was an practical economical measure as well as being philosophical. In order to allow for these daytime activities and work, classes were often scheduled at night!

A Society in Miniature—Created by its Members

It was also believed that the school community should be a kind of miniature society and to that end it should be democratic and communal. Students were on the school board and they chimed in on hiring and all the other decisions. All of these things—the work, play and learning balance, the non separation of disciplines and the self determination—were believed by the founders to be equally important. Students, Rice believed, learned better through experience than from the passing on of rote information. It was not a top down kind of education—it was non-hierarchical in that sense—and one was encouraged to discover things for oneself. Not all students are cut out for this (some kids do need discipline!), but the ones that did thrived. Needless to say, that also meant that as a result collaboration, experimentation and work across disciplines was all encouraged. The idea was less to turn out clever academics, but rather to help students find themselves and become a “complete person”. You weren’t learning a trade, but learning how to think, how to collaborate and cooperate.

The overarching theme as I see it (but maybe not explicitly expressed) is that students—with the help of the faculty—were here to create a kind of society in miniature. THIS was the deep and rich experience that they would take with them—something far more profound than specific lessons in creative writing, engineering or color theory.

I asked the curator, Achim, if these new ideas about progressive education and their implementation were what was primarily responsible for the explosion of creativity in this tiny school. He said, yes, those factors were influential, but just as much were other factors—the fact that many of the faculty were refugees (those pesky immigrants!) from the rise of nationalism and intolerance going on in Europe at the time. So you had this influx of some of the best and the brightest. The little college reached out for talent and they came to this little tolerant oasis in the Smoky Mountains. Oddly they did not end up at the big name universities—they gravitated to the mountains of North Carolina. (Though later some did end up at Yale and elsewhere.)

Rice himself asked Josef Albers to create the arts curriculum (though Philip Johnson made the recommendation), as the Bauhaus was being shuttered as Nazi influence grew across Germany. Albers was key in mixing disciplines in the arts department; there was little distinction made between fine and decorative arts (Ani Albers made nice rugs), as well none between architecture, theater, music, dance and writing. A writer in the literature deparment developed the pottery program. I personally find Albers artwork boring, but as pedagogical aids (and demonstrations of how our eyes and brains work) they are gorgeous. There’s an interactive tablet app version of his course available now—lots of fun.

Rauschenberg was very receptive to Werklehre, Albers's teaching method that incorporated design elements. In his teaching, Alber used various non-traditional art materials like paper, wire, rocks and wood to demonstrate the possibilities and limits of those various materials. He would have his students fold paper into sculptures so that they might understand the three dimensional properties of what is ordinarily seen as two dimensional. He had them solve color problems by devising situations in which colors are perceived differently in different environments. For a comparison, this was not about learning oil painting techniques

Bob hated Albers—he was too didactic for Bob’s freewheeling sensibility. But to his credit, Albers realized his limitations and brought in others who were very different in sensibility than he and his wife. He allowed for difference. Bob too adapted, he recognized the value of the discipline that Albers espoused.

Achim pointed out that these innovative artists allowed the Black Mountain students to experience the most innovative ideas that had been emerging in Europe firsthand (see learning by experience above). They were getting this stuff before many others and in a more visceral way. Intolerance was draining the sources of innovation from large parts of Europe and they would find roots in this odd corner of the New World.

The place Asheville was and still is an island of open mindedness and tolerance in a state that is fairly conservative. Other southern colleges were still quite segregated, but Black Mountain bravely bucked that tradition. They admitted Alma Stone Williams, the first black student to attend an all white educational institution in the South. I’m going to propose that the atmosphere in Asheville might have helped to allow these things to happen; in other southern towns Ms. Williams would have been hounded and possibly driven out. (That said, some of the locals thought the school as all about wild behavior and orgies.) The school wanted to bring the (NY-based black) painter Jacob Lawrence to visit, but busses, as we know, were segregated at the time, so they had a car drive him all the way down from NY. Homosexuality was tolerated there, as well, which, given that word of this tolerance might have gotten out, all of this may have encouraged young men who didn’t fit in to attend this college—a place where they wouldn’t be viewed simply as perverts and freaks. In this too I’d argue that Asheville had a tolerant hand.

Bob continued to be active post Black Mountain, and, though we might consider the idea naive, he believed in the power of art to bring people together. His series of international collaborations—ROCI—produced some wonderful work, but maybe just as important, his presence in many countries kick started a whole generation of younger artists in those places around the world.

Is This a Model for Today?

Are you kidding? Yes, in all ways—in the collaborations and the innovative work, in the tolerance and welcoming of the persecuted and unappreciated. We need to look to this place and time as a model for today—and boy do we need it now more than ever!

Why should we emulate this? Well, because it works! The ideas that flowed out of this place changed the course of 20th century innovation in a wide range of fields, and the influence is still being felt. Innovation, we should realize by now, is more valuable as a long term resource than the oil in the ground or the coal in the hills. Those will be gone or they will kill us, but if we can foster innovation we have a chance. One needn’t make work that resembles what was done there or was done later by those same artists. The ideas can be applied to all sorts of disciplines. The most profound influences to be gleaned are in form and in process—not in specifics. You may never ever want to listen to any of Cage’s music (though his early prepared piano pieces are actually quite beautiful), but his ideas and the joyous way he presented them are still influencing folks who aren’t even aware they are influenced.

The same is true with Bob—you may not love all or any of his work, but the pure pleasure of his innovations and the implications of his openness for the larger society are more relevant than ever."]]></description>
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    <title>33 : Conversation with Mimi Ito by Joi Ito</title>
    <dc:date>2017-02-13T00:13:40+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Talking to my sister Mimi about learning, social science and digital media."

[video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0CxCR9Uj60 ]]]></description>
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