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    <title>Improving genetics education to end racism: Brian Donovan's quest | STAT</title>
    <dc:date>2026-04-13T00:13:41+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The loss of Brian Donovan’s grants and job speak volumes about federal funding priorities — and academia"]]></description>
<dc:subject>biology science education racism briandonovan meganmolteni 2026 highered highereducation genetics</dc:subject>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The biologist Victoria Foe discovered a timing device in ‘junk’ DNA that could unlock the evolution of complex life"]]></description>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Understanding biodiversity within species is key to our understanding of why nature works the way it does, say researchers"]]></description>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Gene editing may enable us to prevent a species from ever becoming extinct in the first place. But should we?"]]></description>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via:
https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/brood-parasites/

"But there are elements to this story too that, I'd argue, extend beyond this particular case, as there is a growing interest among Silicon Valley elite not just in surrogacy, but in engineering babies – and I'm not taking with the "Mozart for Babies" soundtrack. (Also by Nietfeld in Wired in recent months: "Designer Babies Are Teenagers Now—and Some of Them Need Therapy Because of It." In The WSJ: "Inside Silicon Valley’s Growing Obsession With Having Smarter Babies." Ben Williamson on "Educational genomics and embryo selection startups.") And yes, I know some people bristle at the suggestion there's a strong link between "AI" and eugenics – "but but but I'm not racist," they splutter as they clutch their favorite chatbot to their chest – but this is all very much interconnected. Brood parasites, if you will."]]]></description>
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    <title>Podcast - The Final Episode - Through the Looking Glass, On Philosophy &amp; Watches</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-25T08:20:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.beyondthedial.com/post/podcast-the-final-episode-through-the-looking-glass-on-philosophy-watches/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Farewell, and thank you all for listening. The Aesthetic Revolution Will Be Beautiful!"

[Also here:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/through-the-looking-glass-on-watches-philosophy-the/id1472733566?i=1000650769924
https://open.spotify.com/episode/5q14vURgxkB0UkRIXGBbxR ]]]></description>
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    <dc:date>2025-06-02T18:30:15+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Your orange cat may host a never-before-seen genetic pathway for color pigmentation, according to new studies"]]></description>
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    <title>Why is RACE SCIENCE Popular with Neoliberals, The Tech Right, &amp; Right Populists? (with Quinn Slobodian) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-16T02:46:29+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Professor of International History at Boston University & author of several books including Globalists: The End of Empire & the Birth of Neoliberalism joins Briahna Joy Gray on Bad Faith to discuss his latest book Hayek's Bastards: Race, Gold, IQ, & the Capitalism of the Far Right. Slobodian explains how neoliberalism hijacks democracy to prioritize capital interests over the substantive rights of the public, the dissonance between the tech community's anarcho capitalism and the populist wing of the Republican party, and how race science plays a role in uniting these disparate factions."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/breaking-the-spell/">
    <title>Breaking the Spell</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-11T22:00:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/breaking-the-spell/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The dire wolf is not back. The New Yorker tried to convince us otherwise this week, with an article that surely makes one wonder what happened to its famed fact-checking department. Extinct, I guess, much like the Canis dirus which lived in the Americas until about 10,000 years ago.

The photos of the admittedly very cute little pups – photos supplied by the genetics startup Colossal Sciences and reprinted with incredulity by multiple publications – are not photos of any resurrected species. These are not dire wolves – not phylogenetically, and maybe not even morphologically, particularly if what you're looking for in a dire wolf is the creature you saw in Game of Thrones. (One of the pups is named Khaleesi, so you can see the PR game being played here.) These are just plain old wolves – Canis lupus – with 20 gene edits, although the exact details of which genes have not been disclosed. This information is – surprise surprise – the "company's I.P."

According to The New Yorker article, the grey wolf is the closest living relative of the dire wolf: "they share 99.5 per cent of their DNA," it says, linking to a Nature article that says nothing of the sort and posits that the lineage between dire wolves and other canids (including not just grey wolves but the equally-close relatives coyotes and dholes) diverged some 5.7 million years ago.

As Tom Scocca's Indignity newsletter puts it,

<blockquote>What Colossal is selling, by all appearances, is furry vaporware. The company's rationalizations for its bogus dire wolves and imaginary mammoths are as bogus and imaginary as the animals themselves. There is no available ecological role for an ersatz Ice Age mammoth in the overheating, human-ravaged 21st century; the idea of rewilding any part of Earth back to a Pleistocene ecosystem—whether with fully reincarnated ancient megafauna or with synthetic functional approximations of those megafauna—is shameless nonsense. The planet is barely wild enough right now for the regular wolves and regular elephants to get by.</blockquote>

Questions about canine genes might seem far afield from the topic at hand here at Second Breakfast: education and artificial intelligence and, of late apparently, the end of democracy. But I'd argue that there are important connections worth making, and not simply, as Ben Williamson's work reminds us, because educational genomics remain an area of research for those pushing for predictive measurements in schooling and for new technological infrastructure (and old racist practices) to rank and sort students.

Edward Ongweso Jr. also published a story this week on "DNA's real value" – about 23andMe's bankruptcy and the links between genetic testing, advertising, and authoritarianism. Charles Murray – yes, that Charles Murray – is apparently among those interested in buying 23andMe's genetic data, which should tell you everything you need to know about the politics of the genetic testing industry. The value of this data – whether extracted by 23andMe or utilized by Colossal Science – lies not in "personalized medicine" or new drug treatments, Ongweso Jr. argues, but in reactionary efforts to bolster the police state and to undermine our empathy and collective responsibility to one another.

Eugenics is at the core of this project, just as it is foundational for artificial intelligence. And the politics of AI is much the same too: AI is, at its heart, a technology of discrimination.

See also: "Inside a Powerful Database ICE Uses to Identify and Deport People" by 404 Media's Jason Koebler. "The Shocking Far-Right Agenda Behind the Facial Recognition Tech Used by ICE and the FBI," by Mother Jones's Luke O'Brien. That's Clearview AI, which from the outset planned to use its tools to identify immigrants and leftists. Peter Thiel and Palantir have a hand in all of this. (Palantir stock, FWIW, is up 340% since Trump's inauguration.)

<blockquote>A good definition of AI is the branch of computer science dedicated to making computers work the way they do in movies – Alan Blackwell, Moral Codes: Designing Alternatives to AI</blockquote>

I spoke last night to a class of education/sociology grad students, laying out my very long list of reasons why using AI in education is a very bad idea – environmentally, politically, pedagogically, morally. One student came up to me after class and asked, with a mix of panic and exasperation, "what the hell can we do?"

I rarely have a satisfactory answer to this because the right answer – or at least, the full answer – is the most difficult path forward: we have to change everything. We have to radically reimagine education at both the micro and macro levels – how schools are funded, how schools are staffed, which practices matter, how we develop our relationship to knowledge and, even more importantly, to one another. We must expand human capacity, not outsource and privatize and turn education over to (and turn teachers and students into) machines.

Oh, and also: eat the rich.

But there is a smaller step, one that requires a lot less of us, but that is nonetheless incredibly powerful: ask questions. Push back on the technology, shatter the illusion that AI is all-powerful, inevitable, necessary, or even good – as Neil Postman argues in the closing pages of Amusing Ourselves to Death about the dangers of television to civic discourse:

<blockquote>What is information? Or more precisely, what are information? What are its various forms? What conceptions of intelligence, wisdom and learning does each form insist upon? What conceptions does each form neglect or mock? What are the main psychic effects of each form? What is the relation between information and reason? What is the kind of information that best facilitates thinking? Is there a moral bias to each information form? What does it mean to say that there is too much information? How would one know? What redefinitions of important cultural meanings do new sources, speeds, contexts and forms of information require? Does television, for example, give a new meaning to “piety,” to “patriotism,” to “privacy”? Does television give a new meaning to “judgment” or to “understanding”? How do different forms of information persuade? Is a newspaper’s “public” different from television’s “public”? How do different information forms dictate the type of content that is expressed?</blockquote>

To ask questions, Postman argues, is to break the spell.

So much of the talk about artificial intelligence (and, no doubt, this whole "de-extinct" dire wolf as well) relies on our uncritical awe, on promises of the good that the technology will someday be able to do. Often Arthur C. Clarke's famous adage – that "any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic" – is wielded to dismiss those without sufficiently advanced scientific knowledge rather than to showcase how those who are peddling technology rely on a fair amount of hand-waving to get us all to play along with the future they're invested (literally) in building.

In a recent op-ed, Tressie McMillan Cottom argued that artificial intelligence is pretty "mid" – a goofy and even benign kind of magic that still sometimes adds a sixth finger to human hands in the images it generates. But that's not really the entirety of the magic trick that AI's promoters are trying to pull off: that this is the worst AI you'll ever use, as Ethan Mollick often chuckles.

The technology's advocates would like us ignore that AI is being wielded right now, today to round up immigrants, to identify "subversives," to revoke student visas, to deny social services, to extract value from the commons, to crash the economy, to expand government austerity, to facilitate genocide, to bolster the fossil fuel industry, to dismantle democratic accountability.

Ask questions. Break the spell.

***

The ASU+GSV Summit was held this past week – the annual gathering where ed-tech's most powerful investors and policy-makers have long plotted and schemed on how to profit from a privatized education sector. There was a bit of pushback. Math teacher Dan Meyer took folks to church. [Praise hands emoji, for sure.] In his presentation, Ben Riley made crystal clear the links between AI – the theme and big marketing push of the conference – and the rise of techno-fascism. The Chronicle of Higher Education's Goldie Blumenstyk challenged the audience at her talk about their complicity in the face of the current administration's policies: after all the money those present have made on the backs of educational institutions, how could they be silent?

Mostly, I gather, they managed to be silent. Frankly, I'm not even sure it was awkward silence.

Honestly, I don't know why anyone in and adjacent to ed-tech would continue to believe that the trajectory the tech industry is on will take us anywhere other than the subversion of democracy, although I know there are good folks who do. [Less enthusiastic hand emoji.] I saw someone say that Colin Kapernick was at the event, hawking some AI thing, and I reckon in a different life I could have made bank helping celebrities avoid these "oops, I did a fascism" kind of moments with their ed-tech philanthropy. But hey. I digress.

I recognize that people want to believe that, in their little corner of educational software, everything is kind and fun and empowering for teachers and students alike. But as David Golumbia argued in his posthumously published book Cyberlibertarianism: The Right Wing Politics of Digital Technology, the tech industry has long sought to explicitly "disrupt" two of democracy's core institutions: journalism and education. And phew. Look at us/US now.

Sure, I guess it is funny that Education Secretary Linda McMahon misread from her teleprompter at the event and said "A1" instead of "AI." Twice. Hahaha. But also goddamn. Let's not have that blunder be the takeaway.

The takeaway is that the ed-tech industry, so busy hustling AI products and services to schools, continues business as usual as the Trump Administration actively dismantles civil rights and public education. And maybe we should recognize that that's been the goal all along.

So here's a question for you (and a question for you to ask others – to break the spell): how can you, in good conscience, compel any student to use any piece of education technology right now, to upload any personal data to any educational provider – institutional or third-party, knowing that there are no assurances that this information will not be shared with the US government and used against them?"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://thetechbubble.substack.com/p/dnas-real-value-advertising-authoritarianism">
    <title>DNA's real value: advertising, authoritarianism, apartheid</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-11T21:57:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thetechbubble.substack.com/p/dnas-real-value-advertising-authoritarianism</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Or how to re-legitimize "natural" hierarchies and their politics"

[via:
https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/breaking-the-spell/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://matthewbattles.substack.com/p/promises-to-the-past">
    <title>Promises to the past - by Matthew Battles</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-09T22:02:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://matthewbattles.substack.com/p/promises-to-the-past</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Tenderness and survival in nightingale time"

...

"A few days ago, I was trying to introduce my students to Michel Foucault’s idea of the heterotopia, of a place where other times and places meet. I’d recently been riveted by something John Berger says in a late interview about tenderness as the “refusal to judge.” This tenderness, he suggests, flowers from the way we ackowledge and attend to the dead, the manner in which we invite them into our lives. In the process of working out what he means by this, he returns to a story that he told many times in books and interviews, of his father’s experience in the trenches of the Great War. Berger comes to the realization that his life, his very existence, is rooted in those trenches, in the horrors of the war and his father’s survival. And not only in that survival—not only in the bare-life fact that had his father not survived, he would never have lived. No, beyond this, the recognition that his life, himself in his own possibility, had accompanied his father through the war. And what is life—what are we as individuals, really—but the magnificence of our possibility?

Berger explores this condition of life before life most urgently and intimately in a poem, “Self-portrait 1914–18.” “It seems now that I was so near to that war,” Berger begins; “I was born eight years after it ended.” And yet he was there—amid the “Very Light and shrapnel/On duck boards/Among limbs without bodies.” In light of flares and the charnel misery of the trenches, he was his father’s “groundless hope of survival.” And he concludes that “Before I could see/Before I could cry out/Before I could go hungry/I was the world fit for heroes to live in.”

After reading his poem, Berger invokes the country people of southern France among whom he lived the last decades of his life; among them, “it is a completely accepted fact that they live with the dead, that the dead are here, that they will be the dead, and that the dead are there … to help them die.” This relation with the dead is very different from a mere sense of the presence of the past, he suggests, with the susceptibility to nostalgia this breeds.

And so in the poem we have the sense of this grim soldier, smeared with mud, bleeding, hungry, cradling in his kit the very future world—and even more, that future reaching back to him with tenderness, with the refusal to judge. Though to say “reaching back” is wrong—for the future was there with him under the flares, amid the mustard gas. “To speak of the promise of poetry would be misleading,” Berger writes elsewhere, “for a promise projects into the future, and it is precisely the coexistence of future, present, and past that poetry proposes. A promise that applied to the present and past as well as the future can better be called an assurance.”

So I shared the Berger interview with my students, and then we looked at another film, about the British folk singer Sam Lee going into the woods at night to sing with nightingales. The birds have sung this way for millions of years, Lee says; we’ve evolved listening to them. As “one of the few night birds who will sing consistently,” Lee suggests, they are “midwives and sires to us as language and song carriers. And to think that in the million years plus that humans have been evolving, that in my lifetime I might hear the last nightingale—that’s incomprehensible.” And so Lee seeks the music in music’s very possibility, which is the nightingale. “I’ve learned to be in their presence while holding the concept of catastrophe,” he says, “as well as adoration.”

I shared Lee’s film about the nightingales in class because I wanted to talk about how art can turn a place into a portal to other times and places, to other possibilities. That always, already, we were alive in the dark among the leaves in the notes the nightingale sings. To sing with nightingales in the night of now is to do something more than establish a fleeting interspecies encounter—it’s to recognize that encounter as originary and ongoing.

As Lee spoke about the millions of years nightingales sang before us, and the enormity of their possible loss, I realized that he and Berger were saying the same thing: that both past and future are present, and that we owe our tenderness to both, not as mere possibilities, but as companions, as kin. For Berger, the dead are present, and to live with the presence of the dead is to give ourselves to time with tenderness. Tenderness for a father-to-be cowering in a bunker; tenderness for the long-ago birds hurtling north to sing their hearts to the night. Tenderness for the dead, whose time is our time, and tenderness for this nightingale time, too.

And now, I think of the past to which I am present. My father’s maternal grandfather came to this country in 1909, settled on the south side of Chicago, raised a family. When I was diagnosed with a BRCA-related cancer in 2020, I turned to genealogy in hopes of understanding how the gene had found its way to me. In the records of a ship that left Liverpool and landed in New York in 1909, I found my great-grandfather’s name with the text “race: Hebrew / language: Russian” entered into the manifest. Now, my siblings and I were raised as midwestern methodists with little knowledge of our father’s family. Dad (who died from complications of his own BRCA-related cancer in 2010) never mentioned his grandfather’s ancestry. We don’t know whether he knew about it; it never came up in family conversations, although the connection between Ashkenazic ancestry and certain BRCA deletions was understood when his cancer appeared.

Berger looks back and finds that he was a world “fit for heroes to live in.” What world were my siblings and I for our great-grandfather? Before I could see or go hungry, was I a refuge or a getaway, an emancipation or an escape? This world of midwestern methodism, of cancers and forgetting, for whom was it a fit future?

Any answer breaks the heart.

What tenderness do I owe this ancestor? What assurance can I offer, what promise can I make? These questions land with special force now, as those who pledge themselves to imagined pasts set out to destroy the promises of generations—to erase the possibility of such promises—to crush tenderness, including this tenderness of the living for the dead, wherever they find it. What can we do but pledge our tenderness for the dispossessed, for the neighbor, the student, the refugee; tenderness for our fearful ones, the ones now in flight? What can we do but offer this tenderness for the nightingale, too? To name what we can name, to embrace it with our language and our voice? To offer this assurance, to hold past, present, and future as tenderly as we can; for they—nightingales, heroes, escapees, the dispossessed—also are ourselves.

It might seem a strange leap from songbird conservation to the mysteries of long-dead ancestors. But I think there is an ecology of ancestry at work here, tracing its line from Berger through Lee, across no-man’s land and the Pale of Settlement, through the eons that midwife music and meaning. Just as these worlds were alive in the millions of years of nightingale time, so do untold possible worlds lie within our world—within ourselves. To these dead and not-yet-dead, what assurance can we give?

Catastrophe; adoration. Berger:

<blockquote>Tenderness is first of all I suppose—first of all one has to begin with the fact, which everyone has always known until recently, that life is full of pain—not only pain—but it has a lot of pain, and tenderness is in part a response to that. But it is also something else. It seems to me that it is a refusal to judge. It seems to me that actions have to be judged with an incredible rigor and all the time declared. There is so much that has to be judged, so much that has to be denounced, and also so much that has to be praised. But not people. I do not think that we have the right of any final judgment of anybody. And tenderness is in a way an expression of that refusal to judge.</blockquote>

I hear a song in these words, or a chant, which is to say, a prayer. For rigor when it comes to actions; for song as the tenderness of language."]]></description>
<dc:subject>2025 matthewbattles ancestors multispecies birds nature morethanhuman ancestry tenderness nightengales life living jognberger death dead time presence poetry samlee art place timetravel temporality interspecies genetics foucault michelfoucault existence poems</dc:subject>
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    <title>What ‘the world’s loneliest whale’ may be telling us about climate change | Grist</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-04T18:38:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://grist.org/oceans/what-the-worlds-loneliest-whale-may-be-telling-us-about-climate-change/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A mysterious whale that has puzzled scientists for decades may not be an anomaly, but a clue to what climate change is doing beneath the waves."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a64323622/new-cat-color-discovered/">
    <title>A New Cat Color Is Defying Genetic Expectations</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-31T07:34:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a64323622/new-cat-color-discovered/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["- A new type of cat coat color has officially been discovered.

- Named salmiak, or ‘salty liquorice,’ the cats have hair strands that start out black, and become white the further they grow from the follicle.

- It turns out the unique color is caused by a recessive genetic mutation, rather than the expression of a gene known to turn cats white."]]></description>
<dc:subject>cats genetics 2025 color</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://nautil.us/icelandic-horses-have-good-genes-1197850/">
    <title>Icelandic Horses Have Good Genes - Nautilus</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-15T00:34:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://nautil.us/icelandic-horses-have-good-genes-1197850/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["New evidence suggests their unique gaits have a complex pedigree"

]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://undark.org/2025/03/05/digital-genetic-data-ownership/">
    <title>In Digital Genetic Data, An Uncertainty Over Ownership</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-14T07:52:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://undark.org/2025/03/05/digital-genetic-data-ownership/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Digital sequence information has radically changed the way researchers look at the world’s genetic resources."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://sarahendren.com/2025/01/06/object-lessons/">
    <title>object lessons | sara hendren</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-07T00:05:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://sarahendren.com/2025/01/06/object-lessons/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I share so many foundational commitments with this doctor [https://www.plough.com/en/topics/community/education/schooling-me-the-surgeon ], but when will well-meaning Christians learn to discipline their thinking about disabled people? The person-as-object-lesson is just too tidy to resist, it seems:

<blockquote>[T]hey live closer to the cross than the rest of us. They carry their disabilities all the time. They don’t get a day off. They don’t get a minute off… And so I find they bring me closer to the cross. They feel it; they sense it; they’re part of it more than I am. I sometimes have to think my way there, whereas they simply guide me – they take me by the hand and bring me there.</blockquote>

They show us, they teach us, they tell us — this language runs through the whole piece. Really? Who is this they? People with Down syndrome will always be trotted out in these narratives, I find. What about a man who’s had a sudden significant hearing loss in his 60s? A woman in her twenties who had rheumatoid arthritis that’s now in remission? An amputee? Someone living with a low-lying malaise of depression for decades on end? Are these people the same in any meaningful sense?

To be sure: the Christian framework does offer sacrifice as an inevitable part of any human life and an invitation. We hold our many sufferings and, by grace, let them be united with the sacrificial Love that precedes and subsumes them. And yes, disabling conditions may well show up in the Venn diagram of our suffering and our sacrifices; like all givenness in life, those conditions can also be gifts if seen in light of that same Love. All of that mix — our gifts and our suffering as sacrifice — conjoins us to one another as no more and no less than human. If some abstract they is used to teach an edifying lesson, you can be sure that we’re dealing with flat characters: cardboard cutouts and allegorical symbols, not human beings.

But of course we do teach other. A person might say: People with cognitive disabilities remind me that I am too impressed by the genetic lottery distribution of book-smart cleverness. But one might also say: People with very few material resources show me that I too often hoard ephemeral pleasures. People in recovery teach me that idolatry lurks everywhere. And we’d also have to say: People with twice as much courage as me — twice as much compassion, twice as much magnanimity — they teach me that virtue. The old idea from Iris Murdoch endures: the most important revelation that stories offer is that other people exist. Stories in fiction and stories unfolding right before our eyes. Other people exist! A miraculous banality, half comedy and half tragedy, and a truth that takes rituals and habits to take seriously. We calibrate our inflated sense of self by learning from others’ gifts and from their suffering, and perhaps we learn the most when those two are almost irreducibly mixed. We — we, all of us — teach each other, insofar as we have the capacity to really learn."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.newstatesman.com/ideas/2023/09/rise-new-tech-right-iq-cognitive-elite">
    <title>The rise of the new tech right - New Statesman</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-06T22:38:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.newstatesman.com/ideas/2023/09/rise-new-tech-right-iq-cognitive-elite</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["How the cult of IQ became a toxic ideology in Silicon Valley and beyond."
]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-y7ToCAvYU">
    <title>'The Philosophy of Movement: An Introduction' with Thomas Nail - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-11-13T02:48:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-y7ToCAvYU</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Buy Thomas' book:
https://www.upress.umn.edu/9781517917456/the-philosophy-of-movement/

About 'The Philosophy of Movement: An Introduction': 

Why are city dwellers worldwide walking on average ten percent faster than they were a decade ago? Why are newcomer immigrant groups so often maligned when migration has always constituted civilization? To analyze and understand the depth of the reasons, Thomas Nail suggests that it serves us well to turn to a philosophy of movement. Synthesizing and extending many years of his influential work, The Philosophy of Movement is a comprehensive argument for how motion is the primary force in human and natural history.

Nail critiques the bias toward stasis at the core of Western thought, asking: what would a philosophy that began with the primacy of movement look like? Interrogating the consequences of movement throughout history and in daily life in the twenty-first century, he draws connections and traces patterns between scales of reality, periods of history, and fields of knowledge. In our age of rapid movements shaped by accelerating climate change and ensuing mass global migration, as well as ubiquitous digital media, Nail provides a contemporary philosophy that helps us understand how we got here and how to grapple with these interlocking challenges.

With a foreword by philosopher Daniel W. Smith, The Philosophy of Movement: An Introduction is a must-read for scholars and students not only of philosophy but also history, anthropology, science and technology studies, mobility studies, and other fields across the humanities and social sciences. "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/genetic-rescue-rare-california-red-fox">
    <title>Genetic rescue for a rare California red fox | University of California</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-27T21:13:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/genetic-rescue-rare-california-red-fox</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A rescue effort can take many forms — a life raft, a firehose, an airlift. For animals whose populations are in decline from inbreeding, genetics itself can be a lifesaver."

]]></description>
<dc:subject>katkerlin foxes wildlife animals california 2024 genetics nature morethanhuman multispecies</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691238777/father-time">
    <title>Father Time: A Natural History of Men and Babies, by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (2024) | Princeton University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-15T20:15:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691238777/father-time</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A sweeping account of male nurturing, explaining how and why men are biologically transformed when they care for babies

It has long seemed self-evident that women care for babies and men do other things. Hasn’t it always been so? When evolutionary science came along, it rubber-stamped this venerable division of labor: mammalian males evolved to compete for status and mates, while females were purpose-built to gestate, suckle, and otherwise nurture the victors’ offspring. But come the twenty-first century, increasing numbers of men are tending babies, sometimes right from birth. How can this be happening? Puzzled and dazzled by the tender expertise of new fathers around the world—several in her own family—celebrated evolutionary anthropologist and primatologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy set out to trace the deep history of male nurturing and explain a surprising departure from everything she had assumed to be “normal.”

In Father Time, Hrdy draws on a wealth of research to argue that this ongoing transformation in men is not only cultural, but profoundly biological. Men in prolonged intimate contact with babies exhibit responses nearly identical to those in the bodies and brains of mothers. They develop caring potential few realized men possessed. In her quest to explain how men came to nurture babies, Hrdy travels back through millions of years of human, primate, and mammalian evolution, then back further still to the earliest vertebrates—all while taking into account recent economic and social trends and technological innovations and incorporating new findings from neuroscience, genetics, endocrinology, and more. The result is a masterful synthesis of evolutionary and historical perspectives that expands our understanding of what it means to be a man—and what the implications might be for society and our species."

[via:
https://x.com/zunguzungu/status/1833850928413520174 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>men parenting babies children 2024 sarahblafferhrdy culture biology neuroscience genetics endocrinology history gender care caring nurturing fathers</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/education-and-genes-grab-bag">
    <title>Education and Genes Grab Bag - Freddie deBoer</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-10T18:30:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/education-and-genes-grab-bag</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A common complaint among critics of a genetics-academics link is to ask, why does this matter? What can you do with this, other than provide the worst people with more justification for eugenics and oppression? The most consistent criticisms of Kathryn Paige Harden’s book expressed this concern, questioning whether knowledge of genetic propensity for better or worse academic performance could ever help achieve Harden’s stated progressive ends. Personally, I think that this conversation tends to be too fixated on the usefulness of genetic testing of individuals and not sufficiently focused on the big picture - the fact that, if every student does not actually have equal potential, the entire foundation of modern educational philosophy has been utterly destabilized. As I put it exactly three years ago, you can define the problem with blank slate thinking in four words: No Child Left Behind. The most radical and destructive piece of educational policy in our country’s history, passed with remarkably broad bipartisan report, could only have been conceived of by those who believed that students have no intrinsic tendency towards a given performance level. And the result was disastrous - there was an immense waste of resources associated with NCLB, students and teachers and schools were suddenly forced to undertake inefficient and unnecessary census testing, and teacher tenure and unions were attacked. All because of a cheery and casually destructive insistence that every child was in possession of the same educational potential.

Yes, the existence of pseudoscientific racism claims of inherent genetic superiority/inferiority of different races invites particular scrutiny in this regard. But as I will not stop insisting, it is not only possible but in fact intuitive and evidence-based to believe that individual differences in academic ability are genetically influenced while group differences like racial or gender differences are environmental in origin. And I will go to my grave pointing out that blank slate thinking is the enemy of a better, more humane education system. Once you stop insisting that the only noble outcome for any and all children is to go to a top twenty university and join the ranks of our Brahmin class, we can dramatically broaden the purpose of school and our definitions of success. If you don’t do that, though, our neoliberal system is going to continue to try to use the meritocratic process as the only tool for achieving “social justice,” with the bonus outcome that those who struggle within that system are made to believe that they deserve their sad fate."

...

"Here’s a core point. When we talk about this stuff, there’s a lot of quick insistence that these traits aren’t just genetic, but also environmental, and there’s always gene by environment interactions, and there’s epigenetics…. All true! Just as Merchant is surely right here about the influence of social interactions. But I think it’s important to say that the existence of such complicating factors can’t deny the salience of a particularly important factor. So consider height. Height is highly polygenic, it’s heavily influenced by environment, there are gene by environment interactions, all true. However, none of this means that height is not significantly heritable, and crucially if your genes don’t want you to be 7 feet tall, you’re not going to be 7 feet tall. The existence of the complicating factors doesn’t change the reality that height is probably about 80% heritable. Severe malnourishment in childhood can absolutely stunt someone’s growth, but you can overfeed a kid whose genes want him to be 5’4 and it’s not going to make him a six footer. Similarly, I could never be a chess grandmaster no matter how hard I tried; I lack the raw processing power. Because genes matter.

<blockquote>both sides are buying into and thereby furthering the larger eugenicist project of attributing socioeconomic inequality to genetic variation.</blockquote>

I am again in this position where the basic moral values I’m evaluating simply do not make sense to me. Merchant reveals herself to be a committed progressive and critic of contemporary capitalism in this essay. Good. But what is progressive about denying the role of genetic variation in socioeconomic inequality? Our genetic endowment lies entirely outside of our own control, and the fact that we are born with a given genome is a matter of pure random chance, just like being born into a rich family. The neoliberal capitalist project depends on a widespread societal belief that our system is fair and consistently gives almost everyone a decent shot to succeed. But how can the outcomes be fair if our genes disadvantage us before we can make a single choice, before we attend a single class, before we work a single job?

It’s rude and unscientific to believe that fat people are just gluttons without self-discipline. It’s rude and unscientific to believe that everyone has the same risk of being an alcoholic or drug addict. It’s rude and unscientific to believe that schizophrenia is caused by cold and distant mothers. And it’s rude and unscientific to believe that when one kid excels in the classroom and the other one struggles, that process is equitable and fair."]]></description>
<dc:subject>freddiedeboer genes genetics education 2024 eugenics policy nclb academics meritocracy neoliberalism metrics measurement testing race racism emilylanchermerchant edwinboring iq society inequality income</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://aeon.co/essays/the-hunter-gatherers-of-the-21st-century-who-live-on-the-move">
    <title>The hunter-gatherers of the 21st century who live on the move | Aeon Essays</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-22T03:11:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://aeon.co/essays/the-hunter-gatherers-of-the-21st-century-who-live-on-the-move</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Why do hunter-gatherers refuse to be sedentary? New answers are emerging from the depths of the Congolese rainforest"
]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoLk6GUKzU0">
    <title>How South Koreans got so much taller - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2023-02-23T16:12:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZoLk6GUKzU0</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Humans have gotten a lot taller in the past 100 years — and South Korea shows us why

Subscribe and turn on notifications 🔔  so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO 

A century ago, humans were quite short. For example, the average South Korean woman was about 4-foot-7, or 142 centimeters, while the average American woman was about 5-foot-2, or 159 centimeters. Humans were fairly short by today’s standards, and that was true throughout nearly all of human history.

But in the past century, human heights have skyrocketed. Globally, humans grew about 3 inches on average, but in South Korea, women grew an astounding 8 inches and men grew 6 inches.

South Korea is a unique example. In the early part of the 20th century, South Korea was a poor and hungry country. But drastic economic growth fueled improved living conditions. 

For example, in 1961 the country’s food supply was about ​​2,100 calories per person; by 2013, each person had about 1,200 additional calories available, according to data from the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization. UN data also shows that in 1950, about 20 percent of South Korean infants died before age 1, but now it’s about 0.2 percent.

However, South Korea’s improved living conditions are a harsh contrast to North Korea. For half of the 20th century, the south and north were one country. Heights in those two regions were nearly identical. So what happened to human height in North Korea after an authoritarian regime took over and closed off its borders?

More reading:

A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World, by economist Gregory Clark, beautifully connects economic conditions to human living conditions: https://www.amazon.com/Farewell-Alms-Economic-History-Princeton/dp/0691141282
This Scientific American article by molecular biologist Chao-Qiang Lai breaks down the research on how much of human height can be attributed to genetics and how much is environmental: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-much-of-human-height/ 
The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization has some of my favorite data sets. Understanding what humans eat — and how that’s changed over time — gives us insights into everything from economics to biodiversity: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBSH
There are many data sets on human heights over time, but the one I used in this video is from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration: https://ncdrisc.org/ "]]></description>
<dc:subject>bodies height humans 2023 genetics health southkorea northkorea korea genes environment nutrition</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/icelanders-descended-from-native-americans">
    <title>Icelanders descended from Native Americans? | Discover Magazine</title>
    <dc:date>2022-08-20T22:33:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/icelanders-descended-from-native-americans</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Although most mtDNA lineages observed in contemporary Icelanders can be traced to neighboring populations in the British Isles and Scandinavia, one may have a more distant origin. This lineage belongs to haplogroup C1, one of a handful that was involved in the settlement of the Americas around 14,000 years ago. Contrary to an initial assumption that this lineage was a recent arrival, preliminary genealogical analyses revealed that the C1 lineage was present in the Icelandic mtDNA pool at least 300 years ago. This raised the intriguing possibility that the Icelandic C1 lineage could be traced to Viking voyages to the Americas that commenced in the 10th century. In an attempt to shed further light on the entry date of the C1 lineage into the Icelandic mtDNA pool and its geographical origin, we used the deCODE Genetics genealogical database to identify additional matrilineal ancestors that carry the C1 lineage and then sequenced the complete mtDNA genome of 11 contemporary C1 carriers from four different matrilines. Our results indicate a latest possible arrival date in Iceland of just prior to 1700 and a likely arrival date centuries earlier. Most surprisingly, we demonstrate that the Icelandic C1 lineage does not belong to any of the four known Native American (C1b, C1c, and C1d) or Asian (C1a) subclades of haplogroup C1. Rather, it is presently the only known member of a new subclade, C1e. While a Native American origin seems most likely for C1e, an Asian or European origin cannot be ruled out."]]></description>
<dc:subject>iceland dna migration nativeamericans 2010 genetics ethnicity</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9zVl0tTRwU">
    <title>Notes from the Twilight: Meditations on Crisis, Catastrophe and Genocide - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2020-11-13T16:19:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9zVl0tTRwU</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A virtual conversation with Bedour Alagraa, Zoé Samudzi, and SA Smythe, moderated by Robin D. G. Kelley.
----------------------------------------------------

In “What the Twilight Says,” Derek Walcott wrote that “the noblest are those who are trapped, who have accepted the twilight,” a reference to the the hinge-point between old and new forms of domination, poetics, and unresolved historical conjunctures. Join Bedour Alagraa, Zoé Samudzi, and SA Smythe in conversation with Robin D.G. Kelley on the colonial, carceral, and plantation logics underpinning the defining crises of our time: what Bedour Alagraa refers to in her scholarship as “the interminable catastrophe” and SA Smythe describes as “death by numbers.” 
----------------------------------------------------

Speakers:

Dr. Bedour Alagraa’s The Interminable Catastrophe: Fatal Liberalisms, Plantation Logics, and Black Political Life in the Wake of Disaster charts a conceptual history of catastrophe as a political category, via its crystallization as a concept on the plantation. Alagraa explores the limits of current conversations concerning ecological catastrophe, against the discourse of “imminent disaster” and anthropocene studies, considers these occurrences as expressions of the durability of plantation modes of social relations, rendering them political conjunctures rather than ecological Events.

Zoé Samudzi’s work focuses on German colonialism, the Herero and Nama genocide, and its afterlife. In examining the intimate relationship between biomedicine and Germany’s first genocide, Samudzi traces an ideological and material continuity from this 1904 genocide in southwestern Africa to the structuring of Nazi genocide less than 40 years later that illustrates yet again the colonial roots of authoritarianism. Her most recent works on Black anarchism (including As Black as Resistance, co-authored with William C. Anderson) explore our current crises of authoritarianism."

Dr. SA Smythe’s Where Blackness Meets the Sea: On Crisis, Culture, and the Black Mediterranean traces a contemporary history of Europe’s racialized notions of citizenship and Black belonging in the wake of Europe’s self-initiated migration crises. Smythe explores the ongoing colonial logics of xenophobia, anti-blackness, and racial capitalism across Europe, East Africa, and the Mediterranean and emphasizes intertwined Black and migrant struggles with an analysis of literary and other political responses to the violence of national borders and Europe’s economics-driven valuation of human life.

The conversation will be moderated by Robin D.G. Kelley, whose forthcoming book, Black Bodies Swinging, is a historical autopsy narrating the slave patrols and lynch law of the Deep South to segregated housing, the war on drugs, slum clearance, predatory lending, and extraction of wealth. Kelley draws a direct line from the “blood at the root”—the racial terror at the heart of the American social and economic order—to the latest casualties of that terror, including the lives and deaths of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Eric Garner, Breonna Taylor, and so many others."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.davidcayley.com/blog/2020/4/8/questions-about-the-current-pandemic-from-the-point-of-view-of-ivan-illich-1">
    <title>Questions About the Current Pandemic From the Point of View of Ivan Illich — davidcayley.com</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-14T23:49:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.davidcayley.com/blog/2020/4/8/questions-about-the-current-pandemic-from-the-point-of-view-of-ivan-illich-1</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Illich had a sense, during the last twenty years of his life, of a world immured in “an ontology of systems,” a world immune to grace, alienated from death, and totally convinced of its duty to manage every eventuality – a world, as he once put it, in which “exciting, soul-capturing abstractions have extended themselves over the perception of world and self like plastic pillowcases.”  Such a view does not readily lend itself to policy prescriptions.  Policy is made in the moment according to the exigencies of the moment.  Illich was talking about modes of sensing, of thinking, and of feeling that had crept into people at a much deeper level.  Accordingly, I hope that no one who has read this far thinks that I have been making facile policy proposals rather than trying to describe a fate that all share.  Still my view of the situation is probably clear enough from what I have written.  I think this tunnel we have entered – of physical distancing, flattening the curve etc. – will be very hard to get out of – either we call it off soon and face the possibility that it was all for naught, or we extend it and create harms that may be worse than the casualties we have averted.  This is not to say we should do nothing.  It is a pandemic.  But it would have been better, in my view, to try and keep going and used targeted quarantine for the demonstrably ill and their contacts.  Close baseball stadiums and large hockey arenas, by all means, but keep small businesses open and attempt to space the customers in the same way as the stores that have stayed open are doing.  Would more then die?  Perhaps, but this is far from clear.  And that’s exactly my point: no one knows.  Swedish economist Fredrik Erixon, the director of the European Centre for International Political Economy, made the same point recently in defence of Sweden’s current policy of precaution without shut-down. “The theory of lockdown,” he says, is “untested” – which is true – and, consequently, “It’s not Sweden that’s conducting a mass experiment. It’s everyone else.”   

But, to say it again, my intention here is not to contest policy but to bring to light the practiced certainties that make our current policy seem incontestable.  Let me take a final example.  Recently a Toronto newspaper columnist suggested that the current emergency can be construed as a choice between “saving the economy” or “saving granny.”  In this figure two prime certainties are pitted against one another.  If we take these phantoms as real things rather than as questionable constructions, we can only end up by setting a price on granny’s head.   Better, I want to argue, to try to think and speak in a different way.  Perhaps the impossible choices thrown up by the world of modelling and management are a sign that things are being framed in the wrong way.  Is there a way to move from granny as a “demographic” to a person who can be nursed and comforted and accompanied to the end of her road; from The Economy as the ultimate abstraction to the shop down the street in which someone has invested all they have and which they may now lose.   At present, “the crisis” holds reality hostage, captive in its enclosed and airless system.  It’s very difficult to find a way of speaking in which life is something other and more than a resource which each of us must responsibly manage, conserve, and, finally, save.   But I think it important to take a careful look at what has come into the light in recent weeks: medical science’s ability to “decide on the exception” and then take power; the media’s power to remake what is sensed as reality, while disowning its own agency;  the abdication of politics before Science, even when there is no science; the disabling of practical judgment; the enhanced power of risk awareness; and the emergence of Life as the new sovereign.   Crises change history but not necessarily for the better.  A lot will depend on what the event is understood to have meant. If, in the aftermath, the certainties I have sketched here are not brought into question, then the only possible outcome I can see is that they will fasten themselves all the more securely on our minds and become obvious, invisible, and unquestionable."]]></description>
<dc:subject>ivanillich 2020 medicine ideology death science religion covid-19 coronavirus suffering medicalnemisis politics davidcayley pandemic pandemics limitstomedicine health healthcare siljasamerski genetics genetictesting pregnancy biopolitics bodies donnaharaway personhood selfhood humanity senses ethics systems systemsthinking policy grace technocracy decisionmaking panic civilliberties economics risk risktaking ulrichbeck karlpolyani waysofseeing</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/liminalphase/status/1122538114315112459">
    <title>Liz Crocker, Ph.D. on Twitter: &quot;#anthrotwitter: a reminder that the anti-semitic &quot;cultural Marxism&quot; conspiracy is part of extremist indoctrination. It includes misunderstanding of &amp; anger towards anthropology &amp; Franz Boas. We have a responsibility to know</title>
    <dc:date>2019-06-02T22:56:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/liminalphase/status/1122538114315112459</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://twitter.com/allergyPhD/status/1135175321811136514

"Great thread on anthropology and the origins of "cultural Marxism", an anti-Semitic, white supremacist dog whistle"]

"#anthrotwitter: a reminder that the anti-semitic "cultural Marxism" conspiracy is part of extremist indoctrination. It includes misunderstanding of & anger towards anthropology & Franz Boas. We have a responsibility to know it & be prepared to counter it in classrooms. /1

Warning that this thread will include screenshots of these conspiracies. But no direct links. These are sites that are part of the indoctrination for many of the white supremacist hate crimes lately. Some is highly upsetting though I've tried to avoid slurs /2

What they mean by "cultural Marxism" is poorly defined & sometimes just anything they dislike. But the general idea is in the 1910s the Frankfurt School tried to infiltrate academia to threaten "traditional western values". Anthro is seen as playing a crucial role in that /3

Generally, they adore colonialist anthropology & often even cite it. As we teach the history of the field, how many of us are doing so realizing those ideas and names are highly influential for contemporary hate movements? Are you spending that classroom time wisely?

Boas is a central focus of "cultural Marxism". They claim he was "anti-darwinist" & was actively trying to "destroy" Western values & identity. Much time is spent establishing Boas is Jewish so it can connect to their anti-semitic conspiracies. /4

They argue Boas and his students "infiltrated" anthropology including AAA. Note the focus not just on more liberal perspectives (anti- racism, loosening of gender restrictions) as dangerous but also the continued connections to their anti-semitism narratives /5

Marxism, socialism & communism are conflated & anyone who argues race isn't a biological/genetic concept or for cultural inclusion is called a Marxist & threat to "Western values." All modern anthro is therefore such a threat. /6

You'll notice the "noble savage" concept gets a lot of attention & Rousseau gets mentioned, too. We debunk Rousseau in classrooms but are we doing so aware of these narratives? Are you accidentally feeding these conspiracies? /7

I want to warn you that if you go looking for the sources you should not do so from a work computer. Many are grabbed from white supremacist hate group sites. Others more neutral wikipedia-ish sites and blogs. Some are "alt light" with popular podcasts /8

"Cultural Marxism" & connections to anthropology, anti-semitism & white supremacy are common themes of the alt light speakers who give talks on campuses. Anthro professors need to address these issues & give time to discuss so students can be equipped to counter those speakers /9

As we discuss how to #DecolonizeAnthropology it is not enough to add diverse voices & critical analysis. We must tackle racist colonialist anthro & its legacies head on. It is not your fault that these conspiracies began but it is our collective responsibility /10

My public engagement on @RedditScience & anthro subs shows we need 4 fields to do that. Cultural anthros need to learn genetics & human evolution. Biological anthros need culture & history. We all need ling & arch to counter ethno-supremacism. Anthropology is stronger together/11

For anyone unfamiliar with these conspiracies, @guardian recently had a good overview introduction /12"]]></description>
<dc:subject>marxism communism socialism anthropology lizcrocker culturalmarxism 2019 myths antisemitism franzboas whitesupremacy science conspiracytherories genetics race racism decolonizeanthropology history</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://hackeducation.com/2018/12/18/top-ed-tech-trends-stories">
    <title>The Stories We Were Told about Education Technology (2018)</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-27T03:27:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://hackeducation.com/2018/12/18/top-ed-tech-trends-stories</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["It’s been quite a year for education news, not that you’d know that by listening to much of the ed-tech industry (press). Subsidized by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, some publications have repeatedly run overtly and covertly sponsored articles that hawk the future of learning as “personalized,” as focused on “the whole child.” Some of these attempt to stretch a contemporary high-tech vision of social emotional surveillance so it can map onto a strange vision of progressive education, overlooking no doubt how the history of progressive education has so often been intertwined with race science and eugenics.

Meanwhile this year, immigrant, refugee children at the United States border were separated from their parents and kept in cages, deprived of legal counsel, deprived of access to education, deprived in some cases of water.

“Whole child” and cages – it’s hardly the only jarring juxtaposition I could point to.

2018 was another year of #MeToo, when revelations about sexual assault and sexual harassment shook almost every section of society – the media and the tech industries, unsurprisingly, but the education sector as well – higher ed, K–12, and non-profits alike, as well school sports all saw major and devastating reports about cultures and patterns of sexual violence. These behaviors were, once again, part of the hearings and debates about a Supreme Court Justice nominee – a sickening deja vu not only for those of us that remember Anita Hill ’s testimony decades ago but for those of us who have experienced something similar at the hands of powerful people. And on and on and on.

And yet the education/technology industry (press) kept up with its rosy repetition that social equality is surely its priority, a product feature even – that VR, for example, a technology it has for so long promised is “on the horizon,” is poised to help everyone, particularly teachers and students, become more empathetic. Meanwhile, the founder of Oculus Rift is now selling surveillance technology for a virtual border wall between the US and Mexico.

2018 was a year in which public school teachers all over the US rose up in protest over pay, working conditions, and funding, striking in red states like West Virginia, Kentucky, and Oklahoma despite an anti-union ruling by the Supreme Court.

And yet the education/technology industry (press) was wowed by teacher influencers and teacher PD on Instagram, touting the promise for more income via a side-hustle like tutoring rather by structural or institutional agitation. Don’t worry, teachers. Robots won’t replace you, the press repeatedly said. Unsaid: robots will just de-professionalize, outsource, or privatize the work. Or, as the AI makers like to say, robots will make us all work harder (and no doubt, with no unions, cheaper).

2018 was a year of ongoing and increased hate speech and bullying – racism and anti-Semitism – on campuses and online.

And yet the education/technology industry (press) still maintained that blockchain would surely revolutionize the transcript and help insure that no one lies about who they are or what they know. Blockchain would enhance “smart spending” and teach financial literacy, the ed-tech industry (press) insisted, never once mentioning the deep entanglements between anti-Semitism and the alt-right and blockchain (specifically Bitcoin) backers.

2018 was a year in which hate and misinformation, magnified and spread by technology giants, continued to plague the world. Their algorithmic recommendation engines peddled conspiracy theories (to kids, to teens, to adults). “YouTube, the Great Radicalizer” as sociologist Zeynep Tufekci put it in a NYT op-ed.

And yet the education/technology industry (press) still talked about YouTube as the future of education, cheerfully highlighting (that is, spreading) its viral bullshit. Folks still retyped the press releases Google issued and retyped the press releases Facebook issued, lauding these companies’ (and their founders’) efforts to reshape the curriculum and reshape the classroom.

This is the ninth year that I’ve reviewed the stories we’re being told about education technology. Typically, this has been a ten (or more) part series. But I just can’t do it any more. Some people think it’s hilarious that I’m ed-tech’s Cassandra, but it’s not funny at all. It’s depressing, and it’s painful. And no one fucking listens.

If I look back at what I’ve written in previous years, I feel like I’ve already covered everything I could say about 2018. Hell, I’ve already written about the whole notion of the “zombie idea” in ed-tech – that bad ideas never seem to go away, that just get rebranded and repackaged. I’ve written about misinformation and ed-tech (and ed-tech as misinformation). I’ve written about the innovation gospel that makes people pitch dangerously bad ideas like “Uber for education” or “Alexa for babysitting.” I’ve written about the tech industry’s attempts to reshape the school system as its personal job training provider. I’ve written about the promise to “rethink the transcript” and to “revolutionize credentialing.” I’ve written about outsourcing and online education. I’ve written about coding bootcamps as the “new” for-profit higher ed, with all the exploitation that entails. I’ve written about the dangers of data collection and data analysis, about the loss of privacy and the lack of security.

And yet here we are, with Mark Zuckerberg – education philanthropist and investor – blinking before Congress, promising that AI will fix everything, while the biased algorithms keep churning out bias, while the education/technology industry (press) continues to be so blinded by “disruption” it doesn’t notice (or care) what’s happened to desegregation, and with so many data breaches and privacy gaffes that they barely make headlines anymore.

Folks. I’m done.

I’m also writing a book, and frankly that’s where my time and energy is going.

There is some delicious irony, I suppose, in the fact that there isn’t much that’s interesting or “innovative” to talk about in ed-tech, particularly since industry folks want to sell us on the story that tech is moving faster than it’s ever moved before, so fast in fact that the ol’ factory model school system simply cannot keep up.


I’ve always considered these year-in-review articles to be mini-histories of sorts – history of the very, very recent past. Now, instead, I plan to spend my time taking a longer, deeper look at the history of education technology, with particular attention for the next few months, as the title of my book suggests, to teaching machines – to the promises that machines will augment, automate, standardize, and individualize instruction. My focus is on the teaching machines of the mid-twentieth century, but clearly there are echoes – echoes of behaviorism and personalization, namely – still today.

In his 1954 book La Technique (published in English a decade later as The Technological Society), the sociologist Jacques Ellul observes how education had become oriented towards creating technicians, less interested in intellectual development than in personality development – a new “psychopedagogy” that he links to Maria Montessori. “The human brain must be made to conform to the much more advanced brain of the machine,” Ellul writes. “And education will no longer be an unpredictable and exciting adventure in human enlightenment , but an exercise in conformity and apprenticeship to whatever gadgetry is useful in a technical world.” I believe today we call this "social emotional learning" and once again (and so insistently by the ed-tech press and its billionaire backers), Montessori’s name is invoked as the key to preparing students for their place in the technological society.

Despite scant evidence in support of the psychopedagogies of mindsets, mindfulness, wellness, and grit, the ed-tech industry (press) markets these as solutions to racial and gender inequality (among other things), as the psychotechnologies of personalization are now increasingly intertwined not just with surveillance and with behavioral data analytics, but with genomics as well. “Why Progressives Should Embrace the Genetics of Education,” a NYT op-ed piece argued in July, perhaps forgetting that education’s progressives (including Montessori) have been down this path before.

This is the only good grit:

[image of Gritty]


If I were writing a lengthier series on the year in ed-tech, I’d spend much more time talking about the promises made about personalization and social emotional learning. I’ll just note here that the most important “innovator” in this area this year (other than Gritty) was surely the e-cigarette maker Juul, which offered a mindfulness curriculum to schools – offered them the curriculum and $20,000, that is – to talk about vaping. “‘The message: Our thoughts are powerful and can set action in motion,’ the lesson plan states.”

The most important event in ed-tech this year might have occurred on February 14, when a gunman opened fire on his former classmates at Marjory Stone Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, killing 17 students and staff and injuring 17 others. (I chose this particular school shooting because of the student activism it unleashed.)

Oh, I know, I know – school shootings and school security aren’t ed-tech, ed-tech evangelists have long tried to insist, an argument I’ve heard far too often. But this year – the worst year on record for school shootings (according to some calculations) – I think that argument started to shift a bit. Perhaps because there’s clearly a lot of money to be made in selling schools “security” products and services: shooting simulation software, facial recognition technology, metal detectors, cameras, social media surveillance software, panic buttons, clear backpacks, bulletproof backpacks, bulletproof doors, emergency lockdown notification apps, insurance policies, bleeding control training programs, armed guards, and of course armed teachers.

“Does It Make More Sense to Invest in School Security or SEL?” Edsurge asked its readers this summer. Those are the choices – surveillance or surveillance.

What an utter failure of imagination.

But there you have it, folks. I’m done."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://pinkchickenproject.com/">
    <title>Pink Chicken Project</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-14T21:40:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://pinkchickenproject.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Pink Chicken Project suggests using a “Gene Drive” to change the colour of the entire species Gallus Gallus Domesticus to pink.

Being the world's most common bird, the bones of the 60 billion chickens that are killed every year leave a distinct trace in the rock strata (the earth's crust), a marker for the new geological age - the Anthropocene. 

To re-occupy this identifier of our age, the project suggests genetically modifying a chicken with pink bones and feathers, using a gene from the insect cochineal to produce a pigment that will be fossilized when combined with the calcium of the bone.

Spreading this gene with the recently invented Gene Drive technique, the species could be permanently altered, on a global scale, in just a few years.

Thereby modifying the future fossil record, colouring the geological trace of humankind, pink!

Pink, is a symbolic color, an opposition to the current global power dynamics, that enable and aggravate the anthropocentric violence forced upon the non-human world. 

The pink chicken DNA also carries an encoded message, that calls for an ecological discourse that must include issues of social justice, in order to achieve the radical restructuring of society needed to break the death grip of the sixth extinction.

Lying somewhere between utopia and dystopia, the project attempts to redirect focus to the underlying ethical and political issues;

What future do we really want, and why?

And can we stay humble in facing what is unknowable?"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.self-directed.org/tp/you-cant-ruin-your-kids/">
    <title>You Can’t Ruin Your Kids | Alliance for Self-Directed Education</title>
    <dc:date>2018-06-09T19:25:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.self-directed.org/tp/you-cant-ruin-your-kids/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Why parenting matters less than we think"

…

"What Parents Can Do
Harris moves on to tackle specific issues concerning teenagers, gender differences, and dysfunctional families. She holds fast to her thesis, marshaling massive evidence for the influence of peer groups and genetics over parents and home environment.

It’s not that parents and home life don’t matter, she constantly reminds us — they obviously do matter in the short-run, because kids do react to their parents’ actions and expectations — but rather that life at home is just a temporary stop in the child’s journey, and the parents are temporary influencers. The direct effects of parenting that you believe you observe in your kids are either (1) simply your genes expressing themselves or (2) are temporary behavioral adjustments made by children, soon to be cast off when they enter the peer world “as easily as the dorky sweater their mother made them wear.”

So what can parents do, beyond carefully choosing a peer group (as discussed above)? Harris ends her book with an entire chapter dedicated to this question.

Some things that parents do — like teaching language to their young children — don’t hurt. That means that the child “does not have to learn it all over again in order to converse with her peers — assuming, of course, that her peers speak English.” Harris continues:

The same is true for other behaviors, skills, and knowledge. Children bring to the peer group much of what they learned at home, and if it agrees with what the other kids learned at home they are likely to retain it. Children also learn things at home that they do not bring to the peer group, and these may be retained even if they are different from what their peers learned. Some things just don’t come up in the context of the peer group. This is true nowadays of religion. Unless they attend a religious school, practicing a religion is something children don’t do with their peers: they do it with their parents. That is why parents still have some power to give their kids their religion. Parents have some power to impart any aspect of their culture that involves things done in the home; cooking is a good example. Anything learned at home and kept at home — not scrutinized by the peer group — may be passed on from parents to their kids.

Religion, cooking, political beliefs, musical talents, and career plans: Harris concedes that parents do influence their kids in these areas. But only because these are essentially interests and hobbies, not character traits. If you had a personal friend living with you for 18 years, their favorite meals, political beliefs, and career plans might rub off on you, too.

If your kid is getting bullied or falling in with the wrong crowd, you can move. You can switch schools. You can homeschool. These actions matter, because they affect the peer group.

You can help your kid from being typecast in negative ways by their peer group. You can help them look as normal and attractive as possible:

“Normal” means dressing the child in the same kind of clothing the other kids are wearing. “Attractive” means things like dermatologists for the kid with bad skin and orthodontists for the one whose teeth came in crooked. And, if you can afford it or your health insurance will cover it, plastic surgery for any serious sort of facial anomaly. Children don’t want to be different, and for good reason: oddness is not considered a virtue in the peer group. Even giving a kid a weird or silly name can put him at a disadvantage.

In Self-Directed Education circles where “being yourself” is holy mantra, such “conformist” concessions can be looked down upon. But Harris encourages us to remember what it is actually like to be a child: how powerfully we desire to fit in with our peers. Be kind to your children, Harris suggests, and don’t give them outlandish names, clothing, or grooming. Give them what they need to feel secure, even when that thing feels highly conformist.

Harris offers just a few small pieces of common-sense advice. There’s not much in the way of traditional “do this, not that” parenting guidance. But her final and most significant message is yet to come.

Saving the Parent-Child Relationship
My favorite quote from The Nurture Assumption introduces Harris’ approach to thinking about parent-child relationships:

People sometimes ask me, “So you mean it doesn’t matter how I treat my child?” They never ask, “So you mean it doesn’t matter how I treat my husband?” or “So you mean it doesn’t matter how I treat my wife?” And yet the situation is similar. I don’t expect that the way I act toward my husband today is going to determine what kind of person he will be tomorrow. I do expect, however, that it will affect how happy he is to live with me and whether we will remain good friends.

While a spouse and a child are clearly not the same — a spouse has a similar level of lifetime experience to you, they are voluntarily chosen, and they (hopefully) don’t share your genes — Harris holds up marriage as a better relationship model than one we typically employ as parents.

You can learn things from the person you’re married to. Marriage can change your opinions and influence your choice of a career or a religion. But it doesn’t change your personality, except in temporary, context-dependent ways.

Yes, the parent-child relationship is important. But it’s not terribly different from a relationship with a spouse, sibling, or dear friend. In those relationships we don’t assume that we can (or should) control that person or how they “turn out.” Yet with children, we do.

Implicit in this analysis is a powerful message: Children are their own people, leading their own lives, worthy of basic respect. They are not dolls, chattel, or people through whom we might live our unfulfilled dreams. Just because parents are older, have more experience, and share genes with our children doesn’t give us long-term power or real control over them. That is the attitude that leads to the bullying, condescension, and micromanaging that scars too many parent-child relationships.

But while she calls for relinquishing a sense of control, Harris isn’t onboard with highly permissive parenting (what some call “unparenting”) either:

<blockquote>Parents are meant to be dominant over their children. They are meant to be in charge. But nowadays they are so hesitant about exerting their authority — a hesitancy imposed upon them by the advice-givers — that it is difficult for them to run the home in an effective manner. . . . The experiences of previous generations show that it is possible to rear well-adjusted children without making them feel that they are the center of the universe or that a time-out is the worst thing that could happen to them if they disobey. Parents know better than their children and should not feel diffident about telling them what to do. Parents, too, have a right to a happy and peaceful home life. In traditional societies, parents are not pals. They are not playmates. The idea that parents should have to entertain their children is bizarre to people in these societies. They would fall down laughing if you tried to tell them about “quality time.”</blockquote>

The message again is: Think of the parent-child relationship more like that of a healthy friendship or marriage. Hold them to a normal standards. Be frank and direct with them. Don’t worry about constantly entertaining them or monitoring their emotions. And whenever possible, Harris, says enjoy yourself! “Parents are meant to enjoy parenting. If you are not enjoying it, maybe you’re working too hard.”

In the end, Harris wants to free us from the guilt, anxiety, and fear that plagues so much of modern parenting, largely bred from the “advice-givers” who have convinced us that parenting is a science and you’re responsible for its outcomes:

<blockquote>You’ve followed their advice and where has it got you? They’ve made you feel guilty if you don’t love all your children equally, though it’s not your fault if nature made some kids more lovable than others. They’ve made you feel guilty if you don’t give them enough quality time, though your kids seem to prefer to spend their quality time with their friends. They’ve made you feel guilty if you don’t give your kids two parents, one of each sex, though there is no unambiguous evidence that it matters in the long run. They’ve made you feel guilty if you hit your child, though big hominids have been hitting little ones for millions of years. Worst of all, they’ve made you feel guilty if anything goes wrong with your child. It’s easy to blame parents for everything: they’re sitting ducks. Fair game ever since Freud lit his first cigar.</blockquote>

Take care of the basics. Give your kid a home and keep them healthy. Connect them to positive peer groups. Teach them what you can. Build a home life that works for everyone. Try to enjoy the person who your child is. Do your best to build a bond between child and parent that will last for a lifetime. This is what Judith Rich Harris says we can do.

But when it comes to influencing your child’s behavior, personality, attitudes, and knowledge in the long run: stop. Recognize how little impact you have, give up the illusion of control, and relax. We can neither perfect nor ruin our children, Harris says: “They are not yours to perfect or ruin: they belong to tomorrow.”"]]></description>
<dc:subject>blakeboles parenting children nature nurture environment naturenurture genetics relationships respect peers conformity social youth adolescence religion belonging authority authoritarianism marriage society schools schooling education learning internet online youtube web socialmedia influence bullying condescension micromanagement judithrichharris books toread canon culture class youthculture</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/how-do-you-define-a-tree/557135/">
    <title>Scientists Still Can't Decide How to Define a Tree - The Atlantic</title>
    <dc:date>2018-04-21T23:46:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/how-do-you-define-a-tree/557135/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["So far, there is no standout gene or set of genes that confers tree-ness, nor any particular genome feature. Complexity? Nope: Full-on, whole-genome duplication (an often-used proxy for complexity) is prevalent throughout the plant kingdom. Genome size? Nope: Both the largest and smallest plant genomes belong to herbaceous species (Paris japonica and Genlisea tuberosa, respectively—the former a showy little white-flowered herb, the latter a tiny, carnivorous thing that traps and eats protozoans).

A chat with Neale confirms that tree-ness is probably more about what genes are turned on than what genes are present. “From the perspective of the genome, they basically have all the same stuff as herbaceous plants,” he said. “Trees are big, they’re woody, they can get water from the ground to up high. But there does not seem to be some profound unique biology that distinguishes a tree from a herbaceous plant.”

Notwithstanding the difficulty in defining them, being a tree has undeniable advantages—it allows plants to exploit the upper reaches where they can soak up sunlight and disperse pollen and seeds with less interference than their ground-dwelling kin. So maybe it’s time to start thinking of tree as a verb, rather than a noun—tree-ing, or tree-ifying. It’s a strategy, a way of being, like swimming or flying, even though to our eyes it’s happening in very slow motion. Tree-ing with no finish in sight—until an ax, or a pest, or a bolt of Thanksgiving lightning strikes it down."]]></description>
<dc:subject>biology botany classification trees 2018 verbs rachelehrenberg plants science genetics multispecies wood longevity andrewgroover ronaldlanner evolution davidneale genomes complexity</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://news.ucsc.edu/2018/01/yellow-warblers.html">
    <title>How birds' genes influence adaptation to climate change</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-22T01:47:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://news.ucsc.edu/2018/01/yellow-warblers.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As Earth’s climate changes, species must adapt, shift their geographical ranges, or face decline and, in some cases, extinction. Using genetics, biologists involved in the Bird Genoscape Project are racing against time to find out the potential for adaptation and how best to protect vulnerable populations of birds.

The project’s most recent study, published in Science, focuses on the yellow warbler. Found across most of North America, the bird spends its winters in Central and South America, and flies as far north as Alaska and the Arctic Circle in the summer, filling wildlands and backyards with color and song along the way.

Using more than 200 blood, tissue and feather samples from across the breeding range, the researchers discovered genes that appear to be responding to climate, and found that bird populations that most need to adapt to climate change are experiencing declines.

Senior author Kristen Ruegg, a research scientist at UC Santa Cruz and adjunct assistant professor at UCLA, said previous studies focused on how long-term changes in temperature and precipitation cause bird species to shift their geographic ranges. Genetic mapping offers the opportunity to look at another option—the capacity to adapt to climate change.

“With this research, we can say, based on these gene-environment correlations, here’s how populations will have to adapt to future climate change, and here are the populations that have to adapt most,” said Ruegg, who also is co-director of the Bird Genoscape Project.

Whether the yellow warbler will be able to adapt is another matter. “That’s our next big question,” Ruegg said.

Valuable information for conservationists

The new study uncovered some of the challenges yellow warblers already face. In some populations, genes associated with climate adaptation are mismatched to environments. These populations will likely have the hardest time adapting quickly enough to future climate shifts.

That’s been the case in the past, too. Comparing the genetic findings to breeding bird surveys dating back to the 1960s that track changes in bird abundance, the researchers determined that the populations that need to adapt most are already in decline. Using genetic maps, the habitats of the populations most vulnerable to climate change can now be targeted for protection, said Rachael Bay, lead author of the study and a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellow. The findings offer valuable information for conservationists who hope to protect species like the yellow warbler in the future, she said.

“Evolution has the potential to matter a lot when it comes to climate change response,” Bay said. “It’s a process we should start to integrate more when we make decisions, and it’s shown a lot of promise that hasn’t been realized yet.”

The yellow warbler is not currently endangered. It was selected for the study to give researchers a better understanding of how genes relate to climate variables across its broad range. But the bird may serve as a canary in the coal mine for species that are more at risk.

“This is an alarm bell,” said Tom Smith, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at UCLA and director of the Center for Tropical Research. “We spend a lot of time asking what is going to happen under climate change, what the effects will be and what we need to do to manage it. Our results shocked us—it’s happening now.”

The study sets the stage for two important next steps, Smith said. First, it means additional studies need to be done to learn how other species adapt to climate change. Second, the findings can be used now to tailor and inform future conservation management."]]></description>
<dc:subject>birds nature climatechange adaptation genetics genes evolution survival globalwarming 2018 animals anthropocene multispecies morethanhuman kristenruegg</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005470">
    <title>Recurrent Domestication by Lepidoptera of Genes from Their Parasites Mediated by Bracoviruses</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-07T19:40:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005470</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Laila Gasmi, Helene Boulain, Jeremy Gauthier, Aurelie Hua-Van, Karine Musset, Agata K. Jakubowska, Jean-Marc Aury, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Elisabeth Huguet, Salvador Herrero  , Jean-Michel Drezen"

…

"Bracoviruses are symbiotic viruses associated with tens of thousands of species of parasitic wasps that develop within the body of lepidopteran hosts and that collectively parasitize caterpillars of virtually every lepidopteran species. Viral particles are produced in the wasp ovaries and injected into host larvae with the wasp eggs. Once in the host body, the viral DNA circles enclosed in the particles integrate into lepidopteran host cell DNA. Here we show that bracovirus DNA sequences have been inserted repeatedly into lepidopteran genomes, indicating this viral DNA can also enter germline cells. The original mode of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) unveiled here is based on the integrative properties of an endogenous virus that has evolved as a gene transfer agent within parasitic wasp genomes for ≈100 million years. Among the bracovirus genes thus transferred, a phylogenetic analysis indicated that those encoding C-type-lectins most likely originated from the wasp gene set, showing that a bracovirus-mediated gene flux exists between the 2 insect orders Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. Furthermore, the acquisition of bracovirus sequences that can be expressed by Lepidoptera has resulted in the domestication of several genes that could result in adaptive advantages for the host. Indeed, functional analyses suggest that two of the acquired genes could have a protective role against a common pathogen in the field, baculovirus. From these results, we hypothesize that bracovirus-mediated HGT has played an important role in the evolutionary arms race between Lepidoptera and their pathogens."

[via: https://www.instagram.com/p/Bdja9w0nBdm/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>multispecies morethanhuman genetics science pathogens 2015</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/domesticated-foxes-genetically-fascinating-terrible-pets">
    <title>Why domesticated foxes are genetically fascinating (and terrible pets) | PBS NewsHour</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-12T18:43:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/domesticated-foxes-genetically-fascinating-terrible-pets</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Cultures across the globe consider foxes to be incorrigibly wild. In both ancient fables and big-budget movies, these fluffy mammals are depicted as being clever, intelligent and untamable. Untamable, that is, until an unparalleled biology experiment started in Siberia almost 60 years ago.

The tale begins with Dmitry Belyaev, who was studying genetics during a very dangerous time in the Soviet Union. State officials campaigned actively against genetic research with a tactic known as Lysenkoism, under which hundreds of biologists were either thrown in prison or executed. After Joseph Stalin’s death, the government’s grasp on genetic research loosened, and though it was still controversial, Belyaev was finally able to test a hypothesis he had been secretly pursuing.

As director of the newly-minted Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Belyaev was curious as to how dogs first became domesticated. He decided that to fully understand the process, he must attempt to replicate the early days of domestication. He picked foxes for the experiment because of their close family ties with dogs (both are canids). His research team visited fur farms across the Soviet Union and purchased the tamest foxes on hand. They figured using the most docile of the wild foxes for their breeding program would hasten the pace of domestication, relative to the thousands of years it took to breed dogs.

To prove the foxes’ friendly demeanor was the result of genetic selection, Belyaev’s team began to breed foxes that showed opposite traits of the tame pups. Instead of being outgoing and excited by encountering people, these foxes were defensive and aggressive. This result showed certain aspects of the fox’s behavior could be tied to genetics and spotted during breeding.

What does the (tame) fox say?

Unfortunately, Belyaev died before seeing the final results. But today, 58 years after the start of the program, there is now a large, sustainable population of domesticated foxes. These animals have no fear of humans, and actively seek out human companionship. The most friendly are known as “elite” foxes.

“By the tenth generation, 18 percent of fox pups were elite; by the 20th, the figure had reached 35 percent,” Lyudmilla Trut, one of the lead researchers at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, wrote in a paper describing the experiment in 1999. “Today elite foxes make up 70 to 80 percent of our experimentally selected population.”

University of Illinois biologist Anna Kukekova has been studying these domesticated foxes since the late 1990s. Her lab digs into the genes behind the desirable traits in the animals.

One of the lab’s most interesting findings is that the friendly foxes exhibit physical traits not seen in the wild, such as spots in their fur and curled tails. Their ears show weird traits, too.

Like puppies, young foxes have floppy ears. But the ears of domesticated foxes stay floppier for a longer time after birth, said Jennifer Johnson, a biologist who has worked with Kukekova since the early 2000s.

As the researchers peered into the reasons behind the behavioral traits, they found there isn’t just one gene responsible for the friendly and outgoing behavior.

“The tameness (the nice versus mean) is actually separate from the bold animals versus the shy animals, and the active animals versus quiet animals,” Johnson said. “When these [tame and aggressive] animals are bred, we see a lot of interesting new behaviors.”

Johnson said it has been difficult to decipher these genetic secrets, because unlike for humans and dogs, no one has sequenced the genome of foxes … yet. Kukekova’s lab expects to publish a fox genome sometime soon.

Fly foxes, fly!

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the domesticated fox experiment fell on hard times as public funding for the project evaporated. The researchers realized quickly that keeping more than 300 foxes is an expensive enterprise. In the 1990s, the lab switched to selling some of the foxes as fur pelts to sustain the breeding program.

“The current situation is not catastrophic, but not stable at the same time,” Institute of Cytology and Genetics research assistant Anastasiya Kharlamova told BBC Earth last year. Now, the lab’s primary source of revenue is selling the foxes to people and organizations across the globe.

One customer is the Judith A. Bassett Canid Education and Conservation Center, located near San Diego. The center keeps six foxes — five of which are domesticated — as ambassadors for their species, so that people can get an up-close-and-personal view of the animals.

“We have a fox whose name is Boris, and as soon as someone walks in, he’ll run up to them like a dog will,” said David Bassett, president of the Conservation Center. “He wants to be scratched and if you don’t scratch him he’ll make you.”

Want a domesticated fox of your own? Remember these rules. First, bringing one into the United States costs almost $9,000. Several states outright ban people from keeping foxes as pets, including California, New York, Texas and Oregon. And of course, while domesticated foxes are friendlier than those in the wild, they can still be unpredictable.

“[You can be] sitting there drinking your cup of coffee and turning your head for a second, and then taking a swig and realizing, ‘Yeah, Boris came up here and peed in my coffee cup,’” said Amy Bassett, the Canid Conservation Center’s founder. “You can easily train and manage behavioral problems in dogs, but there are a lot of behaviors in foxes, regardless of if they’re Russian or U.S., that you will never be able to manage.”"]]></description>
<dc:subject>multispecies foxes animals 2017 wildlife nature genetics domestication cytology dmitrybelyaev</dc:subject>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cytology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:dmitrybelyaev"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://kottke.org/17/05/a-biologist-explains-crispr-to-people-at-five-different-levels-of-knowledge">
    <title>A biologist explains CRISPR to people at five different levels of knowledge</title>
    <dc:date>2017-05-29T19:43:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://kottke.org/17/05/a-biologist-explains-crispr-to-people-at-five-different-levels-of-knowledge</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["For the second part of an ongoing series, Wired asked biologist Neville Sanjana to explain CRISPR to five people with different levels of knowledge: a 7-year-old, a high school student, a college student, a grad student, and an expert on CRISPR. As I began to watch, I thought he’d gone off the rails right away with the little kid, but as soon as they connected on a personal issue (allergies), you can see the bridge of understanding being constructed."

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sweN8d4_MUg
"CRISPR is a new area of biomedical science that enables gene editing and could be the key to eventually curing diseases like autism or cancer. WIRED has challenged biologist Neville Sanjana to explain this concept to 5 different people; a 7 year-old, a 14 year-old, a college student, a grad student and a CRISPR expert."]

[See also: "A neuroscientist explains a concept at five different levels"
http://kottke.org/17/03/a-neuroscientist-explains-a-concept-at-five-different-levels
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opqIa5Jiwuw ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>biology CRISPR genetics nevillesanjana science video explanation communication teaching complexity classideas howweteach 2017 genomes</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:2b0bc565846d/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2017"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHscMam4W7s">
    <title>Meet the designer cats with wild blood - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2017-03-14T05:13:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHscMam4W7s</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Bengals, Savannahs, and Toygers, explained. 

By breeding house cats with wild animals, cat breeders developed hybrid cats that look like little leopards. Bengal cats are a breed that were developed from breeding domestic cats with asian leopard cats. The first American bengal breeder is a woman named Jean Mill, but her work has continued through other breeders. We met one of those breeders, Anthony Hutcherson, when we went to film the cats at the Westminster Dog Show. Besides bengals, we also saw another hybrid breed: savannahs. Instead of asian leopard cats, savannahs were developed by breeding house cats with servals. Unlike the other two breeds, the last breed we met, toygers, are not hybrid cats. Breeder Judy Sugden created the breed by carefully breeding domestic cats with qualities that resemble wild tigers. To learn more about the cats and the breeders that made possible, watch the video above."]]></description>
<dc:subject>cats classideas animals multispecies genetics breeding 2017 nature pets</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:8f626f0b4d6a/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:genetics"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2017"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/01/04/459990844/were-thinking-about-adhd-all-wrong-says-a-top-pediatrician">
    <title>We're Thinking About ADHD All Wrong, Says A Top Pediatrician : NPR Ed : NPR</title>
    <dc:date>2016-01-07T03:30:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/01/04/459990844/were-thinking-about-adhd-all-wrong-says-a-top-pediatrician</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are up around 30 percent compared with 20 years ago. These days, if a 2-year-old won't sit still for circle time in preschool, she's liable to be referred for evaluation, which can put her on track for early intervention and potentially a lifetime of medication.

In an editorial just published in the Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics, Dimitri Christakis argues that we've got this all wrong. He's a professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington and the director of the Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development at Children's Hospital in Seattle.

Parents, schools and doctors, he says, should completely rethink this highly medicalized framework for attention difficulties.

"ADHD does a disservice to children as a diagnosis," Christakis tells NPR Ed.

Here's why. Researchers are currently debating the nature of ADHD. They have found some genetic markers for it, but the recent rise in diagnoses is too swift to be explained by changes in our genes. Neuroscientists, too, are finding brain wiring patterns characteristic of the disorder.

But the current process of diagnosis amounts to giving a questionnaire to parents and doctors. If they identify six out of nine specific behaviors, then the child officially has ADHD.

"If you fall on this side of the line, we label and medicate you," says Christakis. "But on the other side of the line, we do nothing."

This process is, necessarily, subjective. But there's an awful lot of infrastructure and, frankly, money behind it, especially in our education system. A clinical diagnosis of "chronic or acute" attentional difficulties gives public school students a legal right to special accommodations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. But a child who falls just short of that diagnosis is left without any right to extra support.

Christakis says that, instead, we should be thinking more about a spectrum of "attentional capacity" that varies from individual to individual and situation to situation.

Think of it as a bell curve: On the far left would be someone like Thomas Edison, Mr. "Genius is 1 percent inspiration, 99 percent perspiration," laboring for weeks or months on a single problem. On the far right is someone with severe ADHD.

Attentional capacity, Christakis says, is chief among a cluster of non-academic skills that education researchers have recently become very excited about: executive functioning, self-regulation, grit. Basically, these involve the ability to delay gratification, manage your time and attention and stay on a path toward a goal.

Every child — every person — struggles with this sometimes. Reading to, singing and playing with young children, and making sure older children get a chance to move around, are interventions that can help all students to a lesser or greater extent. "Our job is to have every child maximize attentional capacity," Christakis explains.

Mark Mahone, a pediatric neuropsychologist at the Kennedy Krieger Institute for children with special needs, agrees with Christakis' concept of a spectrum for attentional disorder. "The current thinking in the field is that attentional capacity and skills do occur on a continuum or spectrum." He also says that in general, pediatrics is evolving toward the idea of proactively supporting attentional functioning in everyone.

But, Mahone says, it doesn't mean that diagnoses and medication aren't helpful and appropriate in severe cases of ADHD. And, he says, there is strong, and growing, evidence of specific brain abnormalities associated with severe ADHD symptoms, which would lend support to the concept of ADHD as a brain disease."]]></description>
<dc:subject>adhd anyakamenetz 2016 pediatrics medicine dimitrichristakis children schools education parenting genetics neuroscience subjectivity</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:c064500eecfd/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.frozenark.org/">
    <title>Frozen Ark</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-07T10:30:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.frozenark.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The earth is now suffering the greatest loss of species since the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Despite efforts to preserve their environments, at least 30% of all land, fresh-water and marine animals will go extinct within the next fifty years. Growth in human populations has led to habitat destruction caused by the need for agricultural land, by over-fishing, by pollution, and by the acidification of the oceans. These changes are well documented by the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and by meetings at The Royal Society.

The Frozen Ark Project was set up in 1996 as a response to this crisis. Its objective is simple - to save samples of frozen cells containing DNA from endangered animals before they go extinct. Almost every single cell in an animal carries a complete blueprint of the animal stored in its DNA. Unless we save this information now it will be lost forever. The need is urgent

This is not an alternative to preserving animals in their natural environments or to keeping them in zoos, but a crucially important extra insurance.

Only very tiny samples are needed. They can be taken without pain to the animal concerned. Samples can be obtained from mouth swabs, from small numbers of hairs or feathers, from blood samples taken in routine veterinary treatments, or even from faeces. Once frozen, cells can be stored safely at very low temperatures, potentially for hundreds of years, in very little space. Ten million samples could be kept within the volume of an average house.

If they are frozen under the right conditions, many cells can be revived and regrown. Recent developments in molecular biology suggest that in the not-distant future animals could be recreated from these cells.

The frozen samples can also help currently endangered animals that have not yet gone extinct, to stay healthy by increasing genetic variation within their populations.

The Frozen Ark has now established a consortium of twenty-two major zoos, aquaria, museums and research institutions in eight countries around the world.  All of them share our aims."]]></description>
<dc:subject>biology conservation database genetics biodiversity</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:d302ce1f4f70/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:database"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:genetics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:biodiversity"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.theguardian.com/science/grrlscientist/2015/jan/05/halfsider-a-rare-half-male-half-female-bird">
    <title>Halfsider: a bizarre half-male half-female bird | @GrrlScientist | Science | The Guardian</title>
    <dc:date>2015-01-06T00:54:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theguardian.com/science/grrlscientist/2015/jan/05/halfsider-a-rare-half-male-half-female-bird</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A rare half male and half female – “halfsider” – bird won the intertööbz over the holidays. This unusual bird is comprised of two genetically distinct individuals – twins – fused into one being. But what is it like to be such an individual? A recently published paper shares observations of the behaviour and social life of one such bird living in the wild"

…

"Imagine looking out your window one morning and seeing a bird at your feeding table that looks as if a male and female of the species had been cut in half lengthwise and two opposite-sex sides had been carefully sewn together to create one individual. Perhaps you’d suspect a prank; maybe a local artist had skilfully painted the plumage on one half of a female bird to look like a male of the species? Or perhaps you’d start worrying about what sorts of illegal mind-bending substances might have been added to your food or drink?

.
After you became convinced that such a bird was not a product of your imagination, you might start to wonder what its life is like. Are these half male-half female birds confused? What might it feel like to go through life as a “halfsider”?

Such “halfsider” birds are occasionally seen, but long-term observations of the behaviours and social life of a bilateral gynandromorph – as they are more properly known – are rarer than are the birds themselves. In a newly published paper, two birders, Brian Peer, a Professor of Ecology and Curator of Birds and Mammals at Western Illinois University, and Robert Motz, share their long-term observations of a free-living “halfsider” Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis, made during more than 40 nonconsecutive days between December 2008 and March 2010.

“Our observations are among the most extensive of a bilateral gynandromorph bird in the wild”, Professor Peer and Mr Motz write in their paper.

The team report that the cardinal never appeared to pair up, nor did they ever hear it sing. Nor did the bird respond aggressively to recorded Northern cardinal songs that were played to it. Yet despite this bird’s seemingly solitary and silent life and bizarre appearance, Professor Peer and Mr Motz never observed its flock mates behaving aggressively towards it.

This contrasts with behaviours observed for a bilateral gynandromorphic zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, that popped up in a university laboratory more than a decade ago (doi: 10.1073/pnas.0636925100). In that paper, the authors report that their gynandromorph finch sang a typical song and paired with a female, which then produced infertile eggs. The researchers also reported that their zebra finch gynandromorph was attacked when housed with other males. But there is one important difference between that finch and this cardinal: the zebra finch was genetically male on its right side and genetically female on its left – important when considering avian physiology and morphology (read a discussion of why that difference is important in birds).

Professor Peer and Mr Motz were unsuccessful when they tried to capture the “halfsider” cardinal to obtain blood and tissue samples for further study. But previously published research on bilateral gynadromorphic chickens found mostly male cells in the side with male plumage and mostly female cells in the side with female plumage (read more about that study here).

Bilateral gynadromorphs result from an error during early embryonic development, when two embryos – twins – fuse into one individual. These twin embryos may either be the opposite sex or the same sex, but this phenomenon is only visible in species where males and females are visibly distinct, or when the two fused embryos have differently coloured plumage.

In halfsider birds, cells on each side of the fused embryo develop based on their chromosomal makeup, regardless of the hormonal milieu. In contrast, human embryos develop based upon the hormonal milieu that their cells are exposed to. For this reason, gynandromorphism doesn’t occur in humans or other mammals. In addition to birds, bilateral gynadromorphs sometimes pop up in a variety of spineless creatures (crustaceans, arachnids, and insects)."]]></description>
<dc:subject>gender birds animals nature 2015 halfsiders behavior genetics</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://aeon.co/magazine/culture/there-is-no-language-instinct/">
    <title>There is no language instinct – Vyvyan Evans – Aeon</title>
    <dc:date>2014-12-10T09:21:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://aeon.co/magazine/culture/there-is-no-language-instinct/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["For decades, the idea of a language instinct has dominated linguistics. It is simple, powerful and completely wrong"

…

"In the 1960s, the US linguist and philosopher Noam Chomsky offered what looked like a solution. He argued that children don’t in fact learn their mother tongue – or at least, not right down to the grammatical building blocks (the whole process was far too quick and painless for that). He concluded that they must be born with a rudimentary body of grammatical knowledge – a ‘Universal Grammar' – written into the human DNA. With this hard-wired predisposition for language, it should be a relatively trivial matter to pick up the superficial differences between, say, English and French. The process works because infants have an instinct for language: a grammatical toolkit that works on all languages the world over.

At a stroke, this device removes the pain of learning one’s mother tongue, and explains how a child can pick up a native language in such a short time. It’s brilliant. Chomsky’s idea dominated the science of language for four decades. And yet it turns out to be a myth. A welter of new evidence has emerged over the past few years, demonstrating that Chomsky is plain wrong.

But let’s back up a little. There’s one point that everyone agrees upon: our species exhibits a clear biological preparedness for language. Our brains really are ‘language-ready’ in the following limited sense: they have the right sort of working memory to process sentence-level syntax, and an unusually large prefrontal cortex that gives us the associative learning capacity to use symbols in the first place. Then again, our bodies are language-ready too: our larynx is set low relative to that of other hominid species, letting us expel and control the passage of air. And the position of the tiny hyoid bone in our jaws gives us fine muscular control over our mouths and tongues, enabling us to make as the 144 distinct speech sounds heard in some languages. No one denies that these things are thoroughly innate, or that they are important to language.

What is in dispute is the claim that knowledge of language itself – the language software – is something that each human child is born with. Chomsky’s idea is this: just as we grow distinctive human organs – hearts, brains, kidneys and livers – so we grow language in the mind, which Chomsky likens to a ‘language organ’. This organ begins to emerge early in infancy. It contains a blueprint for all the possible sets of grammar rules in all the world’s languages. And so it is child’s play to pick up any naturally occurring human language. A child born in Tokyo learns to speak Japanese while one born in London picks up English, and on the surface these languages look very different. But underneath, they are essentially the same, running on a common grammatical operating system. The Canadian cognitive scientist Steven Pinker has dubbed this capacity our ‘language instinct’.

There are two basic arguments for the existence of this language instinct. The first is the problem of poor teachers. As Chomsky pointed out in 1965, children seem to pick up their mother tongue without much explicit instruction. When they say: ‘Daddy, look at the sheeps,’ or ‘Mummy crossed [ie, is cross with] me,’ their parents don’t correct their mangled grammar, they just marvel at how cute they are. Furthermore, such seemingly elementary errors conceal amazing grammatical accomplishments. Somehow, the child understands that there is a lexical class – nouns – that can be singular or plural, and that this distinction doesn’t apply to other lexical classes.

This sort of knowledge is not explicitly taught; most parents don’t have any explicit grammar training themselves. And it’s hard to see how children could work out the rules just by listening closely: it seems fundamental to grasping how a language works. To know that there are nouns, which can be pluralised, and which are distinct from, say, verbs, is where the idea of a language instinct really earns its keep. Children don’t have to figure out everything from scratch: certain basic distinctions come for free."

…

"In his book The Language Instinct (1994), Steven Pinker examined various suggestive language pathologies in order to make the case for just such a dissociation. For example, some children suffer from what is known as Specific Language Impairment (SLI) – their general intellect seems normal but they struggle with particular verbal tasks, stumbling on certain grammar rules and so on. That seems like a convincing smoking gun – or it would, if it hadn’t turned out that SLI is really just an inability to process fine auditory details. It is a consequence of a motor deficit, in other words, rather than a specifically linguistic one. Similar stories can be told about each of Pinker’s other alleged dissociations: the verbal problems always turn out to be rooted in something other than language."

…

"Stop and think about this: it is a very weird idea. For one thing, Chomsky’s claim is that language came about through a macro-mutation: a discontinuous jump. But this is at odds with the modern neo-Darwinian synthesis, widely accepted as fact, which has no place for such large-scale and unprecedented leaps. Adaptations just don’t pop up fully formed. Moreover, a bizarre consequence of Chomsky’s position is that language couldn’t have evolved for the purpose of communication: after all, even if a grammar gene could have sprung up out of the blue in one lucky individual (already vanishingly unlikely), the chances of two individuals getting the same chance mutation, at exactly the same time, is even less credible. And so, according to the theory of the language instinct, the world’s first language-equipped human presumably had no one to talk to."

…

"According to the US comparative psychologist Michael Tomasello, by the time the common ancestor of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis had emerged sometime around 300,000 years ago, ancestral humans had already developed a sophisticated type of co‑operative intelligence. This much is evident from the archaeological record, which demonstrates the complex social living and interactional arrangements among ancestral humans. They probably had symbol use – which prefigures language – and the ability to engage in recursive thought (a consequence, on some accounts, of the slow emergence of an increasingly sophisticated symbolic grammar). Their new ecological situation would have led, inexorably, to changes in human behaviour. Tool-use would have been required, and co‑operative hunting, as well as new social arrangements – such as agreements to safeguard monogamous breeding privileges while males were away on hunts.

These new social pressures would have precipitated changes in brain organisation. In time, we would see a capacity for language. Language is, after all, the paradigmatic example of co‑operative behaviour: it requires conventions – norms that are agreed within a community – and it can be deployed to co‑ordinate all the additional complex behaviours that the new niche demanded.

From this perspective, we don’t have to assume a special language instinct; we just need to look at the sorts of changes that made us who we are, the changes that paved the way for speech. This allows us to picture the emergence of language as a gradual process from many overlapping tendencies. It might have begun as a sophisticated gestural system, for example, only later progressing to its vocal manifestations. But surely the most profound spur on the road to speech would have been the development of our instinct for co‑operation. By this, I don’t mean to say that we always get on. But we do almost always recognise other humans as minded creatures, like us, who have thoughts and feelings that we can attempt to influence.

We see this instinct at work in human infants as they attempt to acquire their mother tongue. Children have far more sophisticated learning capacities than Chomsky foresaw. They are able to deploy sophisticated intention-recognition abilities from a young age, perhaps as early as nine months old, in order to begin to figure out the communicative purposes of the adults around them. And this is, ultimately, an outcome of our co‑operative minds. Which is not to belittle language: once it came into being, it allowed us to shape the world to our will – for better or for worse. It unleashed humanity’s tremendous powers of invention and transformation. But it didn’t come out of nowhere, and it doesn’t stand apart from the rest of life. At last, in the 21st century, we are in a position to jettison the myth of Universal Grammar, and to start seeing this unique aspect of our humanity as it really is."]]></description>
<dc:subject>language linguistics instinct languageinstinct 2014 vyvyanevans noamchomsky michaeltomasello behavior psychology evolution cooperation howwelearn languages communication universalgrammar stevenpinker genetics languageacquisition</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.businessinsider.com.au/how-fruits-have-evovled-over-time-2014-10">
    <title>Amazing Graphics Show How Much Peaches, Watermelon And Corn Have Changed Since Humans Started Growing Them | Business Insider</title>
    <dc:date>2014-10-21T18:47:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.businessinsider.com.au/how-fruits-have-evovled-over-time-2014-10</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If someone handed you a peach 6,000 years ago, you might be surprised: the sour, grape-sized lump you’d be holding would hardly resemble the plump, juicy fruit we enjoy today.

Throughout the 12,000 years or so since humans first developed agriculture, the foods we eat have undergone drastic transformations. Farmers have found ways to select for different traits when breeding plants, turning out generations of larger, sweeter, and juicier crops.

Australian chemistry teacher James Kennedy got interested in the topic and started doing some research. His findings inspired him to put together a series of infographics [http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/07/14/artificial-vs-natural-watermelon-sweetcorn/ ]explaining how some of our most beloved snacks have changed over the centuries. With Kennedy’s permission we’ve posted three here: Peach, watermelon, and corn.

First up is the peach:

[image]

Native to China, the original peach was only a fraction of the size we’re used to today and tasted “like a lentil,” Kennedy writes.

“After 6000 years of artificial selection, the resulting peach was 16 times larger, 27% juicier and 4% sweeter than its wild cousin, and had massive increases in nutrients essential for human survival as well.”

Next, the watermelon:

[image]

Kennedy writes, “I set out to find the least natural fruit in existence, and decided it was probably the modern watermelon.In 5,000 years, the watermelon has expanded from its original six varieties to a staggering 1,200 different kinds. Modern watermelons are available in a handful of different colours and shapes, and can be bought conveniently seedless.

“Originally native to a small region of southern Africa, the watermelon is now grown in countries around the world. Modern watermelons are about 100 times heavier than their ancient predecessors and much sweeter.”

Finally, corn:

[image]

Corn was first domesticated in the area we know today as Mexico and Central America. At the time, an ear of corn was only about a tenth as long as the cobs we’re used to today and had just a handful of tough kernels. For the sweet, juicy meal we enjoy today, Kennedy says you can thank the Europeans.

“Around half of this artificial selection happened since the fifteenth century, when European settlers placed new selection pressures on the crop to suit their exotic taste buds,” he writes.

As you can see, we’ve come a long way from the days of our ancestors and the small, unappetizing fruits they munched on.

Click here [http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com ] to check out more of Kennedy’s work at his blog."

[watermelon and sweetcorn:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/07/14/artificial-vs-natural-watermelon-sweetcorn/

peach:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/07/09/artificial-vs-natural-peach/

blueberries:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2013/12/20/ingredients-of-all-natural-blueberries/

cherries:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/07/19/ingredients-of-all-natural-cherries/

lemon:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/08/17/ingredients-of-an-all-natural-lemon/

strawberry:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/08/22/ingredients-of-an-all-natural-strawberry/

pineapple:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/08/21/ingredients-of-an-all-natural-pineapple/

passionfruit:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/01/19/ingredients-of-an-all-natural-passionfruit/

banana: http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2013/12/12/ingredients-of-an-all-natural-banana/

coffee bean:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/07/26/ingredients-of-an-all-natural-coffee-bean/

egg:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/01/05/ingredients-of-an-all-natural-egg/

beetroot:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/01/26/if-beetroots-had-ingredients-labels/

banana, blueberry, egg:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/01/11/bananablueberryegg-ingredients-posters-pdfs/

“Ingredients” lesson plan:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/02/27/ingredients-lesson-plan/

poster set:
http://jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com/2014/08/26/full-poster-set-just-99-with-free-world-shipping/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>fruit history cultivation peaches watermelons corn produce agriculture breeding jameskennedy strawberries pineapples lemons cherris passionfruit bananas food blueberries ingredients lessonplans teaching chemistry science biology botany genetics</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://ello.co/quinn/post/MUmxt6Jaf3qmpsyBr43ZpQ">
    <title>Ello | quinn - Ethics of borders</title>
    <dc:date>2014-09-12T18:52:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://ello.co/quinn/post/MUmxt6Jaf3qmpsyBr43ZpQ</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The tension is around the perceived problems of providing services to people, but the answer there is simple: don't provide services to non-citizens, easily enough done. You already must show ID id obtain services, which is authorized and issued by the state. The state is particularly keen on providing services to as few people as possible. so why not open borders but deny services to non-citizens? It's easy enough to turn away people at hospitals and children from schools, and even sweep up the bodies of the homeless dead, all of whom are likely to even spend what little the have on local products and business before they die or flee. All of these things are in fact done routinely all over the world. The problem is they are also detested as deranged and inhuman by the citizenry of many nations, who would like to take care of children, the sick, and the elderly. So, in order that a government doesn't face the will of its people, those who may need help must be stopped at the border. The question for a nation is simple: if humans are seeking services, is it moral to deny them? The borders make no moral difference to this question. anymore than shutting a door on a request makes the request go away. To only give services to those who then sneak in the window, and call was yourself moral for it, seems insane. If we only want to give service to "our own" we might as well face the dying and pain-ridden hoenstly.

Then there's the foundations of these services and systems of wealth. I'm typing this on an electronic device I took out of a sleeve while wearing clothes all made by people not subject to the services my nation provides, but all this labor is to my and its benefit. I mostly write words, often to criticize my nation -- why on earth am I more eligible for services than the people who make the clothes, electronics, and pick the food that benefits western nations? An accident of birth at best.

(None of this of course applies to migrant labor forces, who both must be imported but given no rights. Hence the industry of illegal immigration, which creates the fully exploitable portion of the labor force every western nation craves.)

When we think about how to better the situations of people from poor nations, we rarely suggest not exploiting them and when we talk about providing services to the poor we never talk of just providing them, where the poor are. In all cases, the governments between people won't let them, as ever, for governments' favorite excuse: their own good.

The obvious problem is that rich states can't provide services to all who need them. This may be the case, which is arguable, but not the subject of this piece. For the sake of argument, let us assume it is. So, how does one choose who to give services to? The accident of location of birth seems an odd criteria, and it is. The real criteria this describes is similarity or genetic relationship to the ruling class, for which location is a reasonably proxy. It's also an obviously amoral criteria: be related to strongmen or apetheir culture, and you may eat and learn and live. Another calculus, a growing one, is extractative: award services to those most likely to generate tax and draftees. But in this phase of history governments are more interest in tax than draftees, and that changes the extractive "in-group" -- fewer soldiers, more elites. Tax is not labor, tax is most likely to come from people who are, on purpose or by accident, the beneficiaries of global slave labor. These are the people governments want in their borders.

Is any of this good? I'd argue no -- it puts extractive lives, be they exploiting labor or destroying the environment -- above all other lives. The extractive class is often just as trapped as everyone else in the situation, in that the majority of them aren't amoral nihilists, only interested in cheap labor and using up the planet as fast as they can, but lack access to political change or even political education."]]></description>
<dc:subject>borders ethics geopolitics 2014 quinnnorton location genetics services labor exploitation extraction extractiveclass class society migration immigration rights illegalimmigration poverty wealth coincidence</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:f05fc5cbe783/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/magazine/should-you-fear-the-pizzly-bear.html">
    <title>Should You Fear the Pizzly Bear? - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2014-08-20T06:29:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/magazine/should-you-fear-the-pizzly-bear.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In New England today, trees cover more land than they have at any time since the colonial era. Roughly 80 percent of the region is now forested, compared with just 30 percent in the late 19th century. Moose and turkey again roam the backwoods. Beavers, long ago driven from the area by trappers seeking pelts, once more dam streams. White-tailed deer are so numerous that they are often considered pests. And an unlikely predator has crept back into the woods, too: what some have called the coywolf. It is both old and new — roughly one-quarter wolf and two-thirds coyote, with the rest being dog.

The animal comes from an area above the Great Lakes, where wolves and coyotes live — and sometimes breed — together. At one end of this canid continuum, there are wolves with coyote genes in their makeup; at the other, there are coyotes with wolf genes. Another source of genetic ingredients comes from farther north, where the gray wolf, a migrant species originally from Eurasia, resides. “We call it canis soup,” says Bradley White, a scientist at Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario, referring to the wolf-coyote hybrid population.

The creation story White and his colleagues have pieced together begins during European colonization, when the Eastern wolf was hunted and poisoned out of existence in its native Northeast. A remnant population — “loyalists” is how White refers to them — migrated to Canada. At the same time, coyotes, native to the Great Plains, began pushing eastward and mated with the refugee wolves. Their descendants in turn bred with coyotes and dogs. The result has been a creature with enough strength to hunt the abundant woodland deer, which it followed into the recovering Eastern forests. Coywolves, or Eastern coyotes, as White prefers to call them, have since pushed south to Virginia and east to Newfoundland. The Eastern coyote is a study in the balancing act required to survive as a medium-size predator in a landscape full of people. It can be as much as 40 percent larger than the Western coyote, with powerful wolflike jaws; it has also inherited the wolf’s more social nature, which allows for pack hunting. (In 2009, a pack of Eastern coyotes attacked and killed a 19-year-old Canadian folk singer named Taylor Mitchell in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.) But it shares with coyotes, some 2,000 of which live within Chicago’s city limits, a remarkable ability to thrive in humanized landscapes.

“We’re kind of privileged in the last 100 years to watch the birth of this entity,” White told me, “and now the evolution of this entity across this North American landscape that we’ve modified.” Evolutionarily speaking, coyotes diverged from gray wolves one million to two million years ago, and dogs from wolves roughly 15,000 years ago. Yet over the past century, as agriculture moved to the Midwest and California, farmland in the East reverted to woodlands. The rise of fossil fuels reduced the demand for firewood. Forests spread, and deer and other prey proliferated, while human intolerance for wolves kept a potential competitor at bay.

Thus did humans inadvertently create an ecological niche for a predator in one of the most densely populated regions of the country. In an exceedingly brief period, coyote, wolf and dog genes have been remixed into something new: a predator adapted to a landscape teeming with both prey and another apex predator, us. And this mongrel continues to evolve. Javier Monzon, an evolutionary biologist at Stony Brook University, has found that Eastern coyotes living in areas with the highest densities of deer also carry the greatest number of wolf genes. Another scholar of the Eastern coyote — Roland Kays, a zoologist at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh — estimates that the Eastern coyote’s hybrid ancestry has allowed it to expand its range five times as fast as nonhybrid coyotes could have. In the urbanized Northeast, of all places, an abundance of large prey seems to have promoted a predator whose exceptional adaptability has derived, in large part, from the hodgepodge nature of its genome."

…

"The widespread evidence of intermixing has spurred a reassessment of the notion that hybrids are born failures. In its place a more nuanced view has taken hold: While hybridization can certainly be destructive, it may also expedite adaptation. New creatures may emerge seemingly overnight from cross-species mating. “Long after speciation, even nonsister species can actually exchange genes, some of which are useful,” James Mallet, an evolutionary biologist at Harvard, told me.

Indeed, today’s hybrids may signify more than just the erosion of biodiversity. They may signal a kind of resilience in the face of sudden environmental change."]]></description>
<dc:subject>biology evolution species nature animals hybrids hybridity anthropocene climatechange crossbreeding via:javierarbona science 2014 biodiversity genetics environment ecology ecosystems</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:01c0576611a7/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://dirtmap.org/">
    <title>Dirt</title>
    <dc:date>2014-04-12T06:12:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://dirtmap.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This is a collaborative project by Christina Agapakis and Ellie Harmon, supported by the University of California Institute for Research in the Arts. While hiking the Pacific Crest Trail, Ellie collected samples of dirt throughout California and sent them to Christina's lab. They extracted DNA from the bacteria living in the dirt and sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA to identify what species of bacteria were there. Click on a picture to see a summary of the bacterial species living in the sample."]]></description>
<dc:subject>california dirt oregon washington christinaagapakis ellieharmon bacteria genetics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:d0ada91f8a77/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/opinion/sunday/a-formula-for-happiness.html?pagewanted=all">
    <title>A Formula for Happiness - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2013-12-17T01:09:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/opinion/sunday/a-formula-for-happiness.html?pagewanted=all</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Social scientists have caught the butterfly. After 40 years of research, they attribute happiness to three major sources: genes, events and values. Armed with this knowledge and a few simple rules, we can improve our lives and the lives of those around us. We can even construct a system that fulfills our founders’ promises and empowers all Americans to pursue happiness."

…

"So don’t bet your well-being on big one-off events. The big brass ring is not the secret to lasting happiness.

To review: About half of happiness is genetically determined. Up to an additional 40 percent comes from the things that have occurred in our recent past — but that won’t last very long.

That leaves just about 12 percent. That might not sound like much, but the good news is that we can bring that 12 percent under our control. It turns out that choosing to pursue four basic values of faith, family, community and work is the surest path to happiness, given that a certain percentage is genetic and not under our control in any way.

The first three are fairly uncontroversial. Empirical evidence that faith, family and friendships increase happiness and meaning is hardly shocking. Few dying patients regret overinvesting in rich family lives, community ties and spiritual journeys.

Work, though, seems less intuitive. Popular culture insists our jobs are drudgery, and one survey recently made headlines by reporting that fewer than a third of American workers felt engaged; that is praised, encouraged, cared for and several other gauges seemingly aimed at measuring how transcendently fulfilled one is at work."

…

"Along the way, I learned that rewarding work is unbelievably important, and this is emphatically not about money. That’s what research suggests as well. Economists find that money makes truly poor people happier insofar as it relieves pressure from everyday life — getting enough to eat, having a place to live, taking your kid to the doctor. But scholars like the Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman have found that once people reach a little beyond the average middle-class income level, even big financial gains don’t yield much, if any, increases in happiness.

So relieving poverty brings big happiness, but income, per se, does not. Even after accounting for government transfers that support personal finances, unemployment proves catastrophic for happiness. Abstracted from money, joblessness seems to increase the rates of divorce and suicide, and the severity of disease.

And according to the General Social Survey, nearly three-quarters of Americans wouldn’t quit their jobs even if a financial windfall enabled them to live in luxury for the rest of their lives. Those with the least education, the lowest incomes and the least prestigious jobs were actually most likely to say they would keep working, while elites were more likely to say they would take the money and run. We would do well to remember this before scoffing at “dead-end jobs.”

Assemble these clues and your brain will conclude what your heart already knew: Work can bring happiness by marrying our passions to our skills, empowering us to create value in our lives and in the lives of others. Franklin D. Roosevelt had it right: “Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort.”

In other words, the secret to happiness through work is earned success.

This is not conjecture; it is driven by the data. Americans who feel they are successful at work are twice as likely to say they are very happy overall as people who don’t feel that way. And these differences persist after controlling for income and other demographics.

You can measure your earned success in any currency you choose. You can count it in dollars, sure — or in kids taught to read, habitats protected or souls saved. When I taught graduate students, I noticed that social entrepreneurs who pursued nonprofit careers were some of my happiest graduates. They made less money than many of their classmates, but were no less certain that they were earning their success. They defined that success in nonmonetary terms and delighted in it.

If you can discern your own project and discover the true currency you value, you’ll be earning your success. You will have found the secret to happiness through your work."]]></description>
<dc:subject>happiness work 2013 arthurbrooks income money success life living purpose genetics values faith family community unemployment mentalhealth via:lukeneff</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:2ebbd33e843c/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://harkaway.tumblr.com/post/68056258420/aaaarg-i-love-the-sentiment-and-the-poetry-of">
    <title>AAAARG!!!! I love the sentiment and the poetry of... • Harkaway</title>
    <dc:date>2013-11-25T21:21:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://harkaway.tumblr.com/post/68056258420/aaaarg-i-love-the-sentiment-and-the-poetry-of</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Embedded image that reads: "You're a ghost driving a meat coated skeleton made from stardust, what do you have to be scared of?"]

"AAAARG!!!!

I love the sentiment and the poetry of this. I do. I get that it’s important.

But (with apologies to Theremina, who is awesome) it drives me CRAZY. Why?

Because NO, NO, NO, you are not a ghost driving a machine. You are not a tiny green homunculus sitting at the controls of a steampunk automaton. You are not Spock trapped in a body that wants to be Kirk. You are not dual, you are not refined intellect riding gross matter like an unruly mustang. You are not Ariel carried by Caliban.

You are you. Your body is you. Your cognition exists in the flesh. [http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2011/11/04/a-brief-guide-to-embodied-cognition-why-you-are-not-your-brain/ ] It is not separate, not spun glass in the hands of a chimp. Your body creates your mind. Your gut, the ropy intestinal tract that digests your food, has 100,000,000 neurons in it. There are quite a lot of animals with fewer than that. Your whole physical shape, your food and drink, exercise, amount of sunshine, of sex, of affection, sitting position and amount of sleep, affects not only your mood but your supposedly pure cognitive choices. Look down and to the left and name a string of random number between zero and ten million. Now do the same looking up and to the right. The second batch will be higher. And your body’s genes play a role in your thinking, too - identical twins separated at birth and raised separately are often seen to develop, if not similar politics, similar moods of political opinion.

The need to separate the body from the mind comes from an old slander that physical matter is dross, simply too crude to support the fineness that is thought. Physical matter, forever dancing around energy, shifting from one configuration to another, even now withholding secrets from our most sophisticated inquisitors, is not crude. It is brilliant, and yes, you are made of stardust and stars are made of you, so why - oh, why - would you try to distance yourself from the beauty of it and reach for comfort in the form of some old Cartesian slur derived from a tacit heteropatriarchal fear of physical desire?

Consider what you are: the most recent iteration of your genetic code, itself the product of strange chemistry in bubbling primordial pools, in turn resting upon vast releases of energy into stunning cold according to a template almost bizarrely suited to the emergence of conscious life - which may, in turn, be a vital component of its function. Caught midway between the appalling vastness of the Newton-Einstein universe and the implausible mechanics of the tiny, you exist in both; composed largely of water, whose relationship with the quantum world is only just beginning to reveal itself, you are gorgeously liminal, fragile, biological and complex.

And, that, that is why you’re incredible."

[via: http://snarkmarket.com/2013/8191 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>nickharkaway 2013 cognition humans embodiment physicality context genetics complexity biology fragility liminality liminalspaces liminal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:3a44c2aea87a/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://vimeo.com/78667446">
    <title>Anab Jain: Designing the future</title>
    <dc:date>2013-11-15T18:46:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://vimeo.com/78667446</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Anab Jain talks about design in a future world of insect cyborgs, mass surveillance, DNA monetization and guerilla infrastructure. "This sort of speculative work explores the remarkable potential of technology and its new experiential aesthetics.""

[See also: http://www.superflux.in/work/staying-with-the-trouble ]

[Alt video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-stunrZcB24 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>anabjain superflux design future cyborgs surveillance infrastructure speculativedesign designfiction biotech biotechnology genetics science nearfuture robots bostondynamics 23andme 2013 drones jugaad thenewnormal bees humanism bodies humans vision blind prosthetics memory consciousness supervision film storytelling speculativefiction shanzai china innovation resilience ingenuity poptech body</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.glowingsushi.com/">
    <title>Glowing Sushi</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-07T21:14:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.glowingsushi.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The GloFish® is a patented and trademarked brand of genetically modified (GM) fluorescent zebrafish sold by Yorktown Technologies. Although not originally developed for the ornamental fish trade, it is one of the first genetically modified animals to become publicly available as a pet. Although not originally developed for use in sushi, it is one of the first genetically modified animals to become publicly available as meat."

…

"A WORD ON INNOVATION

Glowing Sushi is a byproduct of business innovation
in the life sciences.
Innovation is very often doing something that
"wasn't supposed to be done".

ZebraFish weren't supposed to glow.
Glowing ZebraFish weren't supposed to leave the lab.
Glowing ZebraFish weren't supposed to
help fight environmental pollution.
(Actually, that one never panned out!)

Glowing ZebraFish weren't supposed to be sold as pets.
Lifeforms weren't supposed to be patented and trademarked.
GloFish® weren't supposed to be crossbred at home.
GloFish® weren't supposed to be eaten.

A byproduct of innovation is more innovation.
And never quite as one expected.
What do innovators upstream think about their progeny?
Do they even recognize them?
A byproduct of innovation is more innovation."

…

"California is the only state in the nation that does not allow the sale of GloFish®. Sale or possession of GloFish® remains illegal in California due to a regulation that restricts all genetically modified fish. The regulation was implemented before the marketing of GloFish®, largely due to concern about AquaBounty's AquaAdvantage® Salmon product. Yorktown Technologies has decided to not undertake California's ecological review to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act citing the cost and time involved in that process, as well as the uncertainty of the outcome. Although California is a large state it does share borders with states where GoFish® are totally legal to purchase."

[via: https://twitter.com/Interdome/status/343111155381829632 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>glofish zebrafish animals fish genetics geneticmodification biotechnology bioengineering gmo sushi food innovation patents low legal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.cohenvanbalen.com/about">
    <title>COHEN VAN BALEN</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-01T19:32:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.cohenvanbalen.com/about</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Revital Cohen and Tuur Van Balen run a London based experimental practice that produces fictional objects, photographs, performances and videos exploring the tensions between biology and technology.

Inspired by designer species, composed wilderness and mechanical organs, they set out to create posthuman bodies, bespoke metabolisms, unnatural animals and poetic machines."]]></description>
<dc:subject>art design cohenvanbalen revitalcohen tuurvanbalen via:bopuc animals biology artificial bacteria biotech biotechnology bionics biosensors sensors blood bodies body human humans brain memory cellularmemory science choreography cities clocks cooking cyborgs documentary dogs eels electricity ethics exhibitiondesign exhibitions families genetics gold goldfish heirlooms immunesystem immunity implants installations language languages leeches lifesupport life machines numbers organs performance phantoms pharmaceuticals pigeons birds placebos poetics posthumanism sheep psychology rats prozac suicide soap spatial serotonine superheroes syntheticbiology video yeast utopia yogurt translation</dc:subject>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:utopia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:yogurt"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:translation"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/artscience/2013/05/creepy-or-cool-portraits-derived-from-the-dna-in-hair-and-gum-found-in-public-places/">
    <title>Creepy or Cool? Portraits Derived From the DNA in Hair and Gum Found in Public Places | Collage of Arts and Sciences</title>
    <dc:date>2013-05-07T00:04:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/artscience/2013/05/creepy-or-cool-portraits-derived-from-the-dna-in-hair-and-gum-found-in-public-places/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The 30-year-old PhD student, studying electronic arts at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, extracts DNA from each piece of evidence she collects and enters this data into a computer program, which churns out a model of the face of the person who left the hair, fingernail, cigarette or gum behind.

It gets creepier.

From those facial models, she then produces actual sculptures using a 3D printer. When she shows the series, called “Stranger Visions,” she hangs the life-sized portraits, like life masks, on gallery walls. Oftentimes, beside a portrait, is a Victorian-style wooden box with various compartments holding the original sample, data about it and a photograph of where it was found."]]></description>
<dc:subject>dna art science biology diy heatherdewey-hagborg humans genetics portraits faces evidence</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:172d07c6df0d/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nextnature.net/themes/manufactured-animals/">
    <title>Manufactured Animals « NextNature.net</title>
    <dc:date>2013-05-01T00:04:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nextnature.net/themes/manufactured-animals/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["From the moment humans and wolves first decided to play nice with one another, humans have been directing the development of other animals. After 30,000 years, we have tiny chihuahuas, angora rabbits puffed like pompoms, and Belgian blue cattle with ‘double-muscling.’

Our best friends are just as carefully designed as the latest piece of technology. There’s no doubt that we will bring whole ecosystems of manufactured animals into the world. Where selective breeding stops, genetic modification begins. Next nature will be overrun with next animals."]]></description>
<dc:subject>animals farming manufacturedanimals nextnature genetics bioengineering biotech biotechnology cattle pets agriculture</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:1c9217387cf8/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.superflux.in/blog/newnormal-revisited">
    <title>Design for the New Normal (Revisited) | superflux</title>
    <dc:date>2013-04-29T16:38:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.superflux.in/blog/newnormal-revisited</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I was invited to talk at the NEXT Conference in Berlin by Peter Bihr, as he felt that a talk I gave last year would fit well with the conference's theme Here Be Dragons: "We fret about data, who is collecting it and why. We fret about privacy and security. We worry and fear disruption, which changes business models and renders old business to ashes. Some would have us walk away, steer clear of these risks. They’re dangerous, we don’t know what the consequences will be. Maintain the status quo, don’t change too much.Here and now is safe. Over there, in the future? Well, there be dragons."

This sounded like a good platform to expand upon the 'Design for the New Normal' presentation I gave earlier, especially as its an area Jon and I are thinking about in the context of various ongoing projects. So here it is, once again an accelerated slideshow (70 slides!) where I followed up on some of the stories to see what happened to them in the last six months, and developed some of the ideas further. This continues to be a work-in-progress that Superflux is developing as part of our current projects. "

[Video: http://nextberlin.eu/2013/07/design-for-the-new-normal-3/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>anabjain 2013 drones weapons manufacturing 3dprinting bioengineering droneproject biotechnology biotech biobricks songhojun ossi zemaraielali empowerment technology technologicalempowerment raspberrypi hackerspaces makerspaces diy biology diybio shapeways replicators tobiasrevell globalvillageconstructionset marcinjakubowski crowdsourcing cryptocurrencies openideo ideo wickedproblems darpa innovation india afghanistan jugaad jugaadwarfare warfare war syria bitcoins blackmarket freicoin litecoin dna dnadreams bregtjevanderhaak bgi genomics 23andme annewojcicki genetics scottsmith superdensity googleglass chaos complexity uncertainty thenewnormal superflux opensource patents subversion design jonardern ux marketing venkateshrao normalityfield strangenow syntheticbiology healthcare healthinsurance insurance law economics ip arnoldmann dynamicgenetics insects liamyoung eleanorsaitta shingtatchung algorithms superstition bahavior numerology dunne&amp;raby augerloizeau bionicrequiem ericschmidt privacy adamharvey makeu</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.products.liamyoung.org/">
    <title>A Field Guide to Singing Sentinels</title>
    <dc:date>2013-04-25T19:55:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.products.liamyoung.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Field Guide is a catalogue of imaginary birds, bioengineered for the anthropocentric world. This speculative birdwatchers companion includes descriptions, behaviours and helpful tips for future sightings. Wander through the city, field guide in hand. These beautiful unnatural specimens will be there with us, after nature,. Spy, high above the rooftop vents, the Green Throated Coal Canary, bioengineered to be sensitive to increased levels of CO2. Track the Red Radars of the Archaeology Institute as they scan the ground for echoes of lost cities, see the luminescent plumage of the Roseshift Canaries as they fan their tails and sing sharply in the clouds of Nitrous Oxide. Explore the engineered ecology, watch these companion birds fly past and listen to their song, a requiem for a changing world. The Singing Sentinels are a vivid expression of life and technology."

[See also: "Silent Spring: A climate Change Acceleration Performance" https://vimeo.com/43378138 ]

"Coal miners once hammered rock with twittering canaries living beside them, their changing song a warning alarm for a dangerous gas leak. These living sensors watched over us and kept us safe.

‘Singing Sentinels’ by London-based architect Liam Young of Tomorrows Thoughts Today explores a future scenario where bio-engineered birds once again monitor the air for us. Eighty birds have been released into the New Order exhibition at the Mediamatic Gallery in Amsterdam as an ecological warning system, living in the space and providing audible feedback on the state of the atmosphere. Across the course of the exhibition Liam performed the climate change acceleration piece 'Silent Spring' seen in the film above. As a 'pollution DJ', he flooded the gallery with CO2, altereing the air mixture to replicated the predicted atmospheric changes of the next 100 years. We hear the canary song subtly shift, their rythmn change and eventually silence, as the birds sing a toxic sky- an elegy for a changing planet.

To accompany the exhibition Liam Young, Geoff Manuagh and Tim Maly have written a near future birdwatchers guide "A Field Guide to Singing Sentinels: A Birdwatchers Companion" with illustrations from comic illustrator Paul Duffield. You can see an excerpt and purchase your copy of the limited edition book online here products.liamyoung.org/ "]]></description>
<dc:subject>liamyoung geoffmanaugh timmaly paulduffield fieldguides birds anthropocene technology biotechnology genetics pollution environment droneproject bioengineering singingsentinals climatechange nature animals silentspring</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://documents.stanford.edu/MichaelShanks/112">
    <title>Michael Shanks: Archaeological manifesto</title>
    <dc:date>2013-03-09T08:37:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://documents.stanford.edu/MichaelShanks/112</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Archaeologists don't discover the past;
they work on what remains
with a view to the present and the future.

Archaeology is THE discipline of things - the history of design, innovation, creativity, how people get on with the material world, materiality itself.

Archaeologists deal in the life of things.

Archaeology is also our only access to a long term perspective on history and what it is to be human Archaeological evidence frequently provides insights counter to the great narratives of history that we have grown so used to over the last couple of centuries.

I have researched megalithic monuments in an archaeology of the prehistoric body, ancient Greek perfume jars in the early city state, the design of contemporary beer cans, managed a project with DaimlerChrysler to develop a model of the car interior of 2015, in an archaeology of the contemporary past. My current fieldwork is revisiting an old genre of writing on the land - chorography - in a study of the Roman borders with Scotland - how to understand and represent a region, in the context of imperial incursion and local response.

Archaeology stretches from genetics to art history, includes laboratory study, fieldwork and survey, statistical analysis, and textual interpretation, combining media old and new, from graphics to virtual reality. I am committed to hybrid practice where art becomes scientific research, where the academy becomes an art sudio, where pedagogy mingles with outreach into the community and industry, where practice can be research, where old disciplinary divisions give way to a committed address to matters of common human concern.

All made possible by our newly fashioned freedoms of digital authorship, collegiality, collaboration and creativity.

New Humanities Post disciplinary practices ...
shifting a custodial model of stewardship - looking after the past
to one of production and creativity - working on what remains to help guide us now and for the future.

Archaeologists work on what remains of the past...
This means that
we are all archaeologists now ..."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>archaeology michaelshanks past present time humanities interdisciplinary creativity future genetics arthistory fieldwork statistics art media newmedia chorography writing deepmaps innovation materiality design designthinking manifestos stewardship</dc:subject>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:writing"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:innovation"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:manifestos"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:stewardship"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/02/build-a-dog/ratliff-text">
    <title>How to Build a Dog - Pictures, More From National Geographic Magazine</title>
    <dc:date>2013-03-05T06:04:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/02/build-a-dog/ratliff-text</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Scientists have found the secret recipe behind the spectacular variety of dog shapes and sizes, and it could help unravel the complexity of human genetic disease."]]></description>
<dc:subject>2012 dogs evolution animals genetics science biology health medicine breeding pets</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:c2a4c412956b/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://dolectures.com/lectures/the-future-will-be-confusing-fasten-your-seat-belts/">
    <title>The future will be confusing. Fasten your seat belts. - Do Lectures</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-06T21:59:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://dolectures.com/lectures/the-future-will-be-confusing-fasten-your-seat-belts/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Chris, a designer and computer programmer, asks how computers will change your life, and what happens when technology and genetics collide. The answers are complex and  we may not want to know them. His talk created more debate in the canteen than almost any other."]]></description>
<dc:subject>technology change complexity dolectures computers computing future chrisheathcote 23&amp;me taste supertasters senses genetics science alfrednorthwhitehead</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:b109bd9332d2/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:chrisheathcote"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aq_nCTGSfWE">
    <title>Zero Degrees of Empathy - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-02T06:25:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aq_nCTGSfWE</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Professor Simon Baron Cohen presents a new way of understanding what it is that leads individuals down negative paths, and challenges all of us to consider replacing the idea of evil with the idea of empathy-erosion.

Listen to the full audio: http://www.thersa.org/events/audio-and-past-events/2011/zero-degrees-of-empathy "

[via: http://sesatschool.org/blog/?p=35 ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>behavior genetics parenting relationships trust attachment caregiving institutionalization delinquency johnbowlby lowempathy narcissisticpersonalitydisorder psychopathicpersonalitydisorder antisocialpersonalitydisorder psychopathy borderlinepersonalitydisorder personalitydisorders cruelty psychology psychiatry naturenurture nurture nature 2011 simonbaron-cohen empathy</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:87a1b6fd9cc5/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://vimeo.com/19759432">
    <title>E. chromi on Vimeo</title>
    <dc:date>2012-03-28T04:51:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://vimeo.com/19759432</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["E. chromi is a collaboration between designers and scientists in the new field of synthetic biology. In 2009, seven Cambridge University undergraduates spent the summer genetically engineering bacteria to secrete a variety of coloured pigments, visible to the naked eye. They designed standardised sequences of DNA, known as BioBricks, and inserted them into E. coli bacteria.

Each BioBrick part contains genes selected from existing organisms spanning the living kingdoms, enabling the bacteria to produce a colour: red, yellow, green, blue, brown or violet. By combining these with other BioBricks, bacteria could be programmed to do useful things, such as indicate whether drinking water is safe by turning red if they sense a toxin. E. chromi won the Grand Prize at the 2009 International Genetically Engineered Machine Competition (iGEM)."]]></description>
<dc:subject>echromi 2009 biobricks dna genetics geneticengineering bacteria syntheticbiology</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:3832aca289d2/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://caseyagollan.com/public/systems/">
    <title>You Can't Fuck the System If You've Never Met One by Casey A. Gollan</title>
    <dc:date>2012-03-05T04:31:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://caseyagollan.com/public/systems/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Part of the reason systems are hard to see is because they're an abstraction. They don't really exist until you articulate them.

And any two things don't make a system, even where there are strong correlations. Towns with more trees have lower divorce rates, for example, but you'd be hard-pressed to go anywhere with that.

However, if you can manage to divine the secret connections and interdependencies between things, it's like putting on glasses for the first time. Your headache goes away and you can focus on how you want to change things.

I learned that in systems analysis — if you'd like to change the world — there is a sweet spot between low and high level thinking. In this space you are not dumbfoundedly adjusting variables…nor are you contemplating the void.

In the same way that systems don't exist until you point them out…"

"This is probably a built up series of misunderstandings. I look forward to revising these ideas."

[Now here: http://caseyagollan.com/systems/
http://caseyagollan.com/systems/read/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>color cooperunion awareness systemsawareness binary processing alexandergalloway nilsaallbarricelli willwright pets superpokepets superpoke juliandibbell dna simulations trust hyper-educated consulting genetics power richarddawkins generalizations capitalism systemsdesign relationships ownership privacy identity cities socialgovernment government thesims sims google politics facebooks donatellameadows sherryturkle emotions human patterns patternrecognition systemsthinking systems 2012 caseygollan donellameadows</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/print/4236">
    <title>The Essential Psychopathology Of Creativity</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-13T06:29:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/print/4236</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The point here is this: Were it not for those “disordered” genes, you wouldn’t have extremely creative, successful people.  Being in the absolute middle of every trait spectrum, not too extreme in any one direction, makes you balanced, but rather boring.  The tails of the spectrum, or the fringe, is where all the exciting stuff happens.  Some of the exciting stuff goes uncontrolled and ends up being a psychological disorder, but some of those people with the traits that define Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, ADHD, and other psychological conditions, have the fortunate gift of high cognitive control paired with those traits, and end up being the creative geniuses that we admire, aspire to be like, and desperately need in this world.

…If we were to be able to identify the genes for Schizophrenia, or for Bipolar Disorder, or for ADHD… would we want to eliminate them? If we were making a “designer baby”, would you choose those genes to be added into your child’s genome?

I say yes."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>lianegabora johngartner hypomaticedge hypomanicepisodes flow mihalycsikszentmihalyi entrepreneurship executivefunction cognitivecontrol psychopathology genetics brain psychology bipolardisorder schizophrenia adhd andreakuszewski 2010 creativity</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:b2d66d10a20c/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/10/view/13803/singapore-art-biennale-2011-candice-breitz.html">
    <title>singapore art biennale 2011: candice breitz</title>
    <dc:date>2011-08-15T21:15:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/10/view/13803/singapore-art-biennale-2011-candice-breitz.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["contemplate the idea of individuality, the process of individuation, and one's relationship to a larger community…the process of individuation, and one's relationship to a larger community. in her most recent piece entitled 'factum' 2010, she interviews seven sets of identical twins and one set of triplets (age ranging from teens to grandmothers), that have been edited into dual-channel presentations…

all are mono-zygotic twins who spent their formative lives together and are able to draw upon shared memory and experiences. filmed in a setting of their choosing (in one of the homes of a twin) and asked to dress as identically as possible, the twins were individually interviewed by breitz for about 5 - 7 hours giving both individuals the opportunity to narrate their own story as they chose to. covering intimate topics including childhood, sibling rivalry and family history, and at the same time allowing each subject to address their relationship to the world at large."]]></description>
<dc:subject>candicebreitz film interviews art identity community classideas individuality twins triplets families genetics genes video towatch</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:0bd494143c04/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:genetics"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:video"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:towatch"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.postnatural.org/">
    <title>Center for PostNatural History</title>
    <dc:date>2011-04-19T18:26:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.postnatural.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Center for PostNatural History is dedicated to the advancement of knowledge relating to the complex interplay between culture, nature and biotechnology. The PostNatural  refers to living organisms that have been altered through processes such as selective breeding or  genetic engineering. The mission of the Center for PostNatural History is to acquire, interpret and provide access to a collection of living, preserved and documented organisms of postnatural origin.

The Center for PostNatural History addresses this goal through three primary initiatives:

The maintenance of a unique catalog of living, preserved and documented specimens of postnatural origin.

The production of traveling exhibitions that address the PostNatural through thematic and regional perspectives.

The establishment of a permanent exhibition and research facility for PostNatural studies."

[via: http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/2011/04/richard-pell-director-of-the-c.php ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>future biology genetics museum richardpell centerforpostnaturalhistory history postnaturalhistory pittsburgh geneticengineering selectivebreeding life interviews cloning modification mutation plants animals biotechnology biotech culture nature postnatural anthropocene</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:0086532d3f3e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:future"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:postnaturalhistory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:pittsburgh"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:geneticengineering"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:selectivebreeding"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:life"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:interviews"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:plants"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:biotechnology"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:culture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nature"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:postnatural"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:anthropocene"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/2011/04/richard-pell-director-of-the-c.php">
    <title>Interview with Richard Pell, Director of the Center for PostNatural History - we make money not art</title>
    <dc:date>2011-04-19T07:16:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/2011/04/richard-pell-director-of-the-c.php</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If you want to see a penguin, you go to the zoo. If you're curious about dinosaurs and dodos, any natural history museum will enlighten you. But where do you go if you want to learn about spider silk-producing goats, anti-malarial mosquitoes, fluorescent zebrafish or the terminator gene?

Right now, you can only rely on good old internet. But in June, the Center for PostNatural History will finally open its doors to anyone interested in genetically engineered life forms. This public outreach organization is dedicated to collecting, documenting and exhibiting life forms that have been intentionally altered by people through processes such as selective breeding and genetic engineering."]]></description>
<dc:subject>future biology genetics museum wmmna richardpell centerforpostnaturalhistory history postnaturalhistory 2011 pittsburgh geneticengineering selectivebreeding life interviews cloning modification mutation plants animals anthropocene</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:c067abae836e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:future"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:postnaturalhistory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2011"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:animals"/>
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</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/health/research/14sleep.html">
    <title>Gene Mutation Tied to Needing Less Sleep - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2011-04-07T03:36:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/health/research/14sleep.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Dr. Fu said that while many people might sleep only six or fewer hours a night, most were not naturally short sleepers. For instance, they use stimulants and alarm clocks to maintain a shortened sleep schedule.

“Many people get only six hours of sleep a night, but we drink coffee and tea to make ourselves stay up,” she said. “That’s a very different thing. Our body needs 8 to 8.5 hours.”

The genetic mutation appears to be rare. Out of 70 families with known sleep problems studied at the university, only one family carried the mutation. Dr. Fu said fewer than 5 percent of people appeared to be naturally short sleepers.

The real benefit of the research will come if and when the mutation is identified in other individuals. That could lead to new discoveries about sleep timing and duration, and possibly new treatments for sleep disorders."]]></description>
<dc:subject>sleep psychology health science genetics mutations mutants human sleepdisorder insomnia via:cervus</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:532ba46545b9/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:sleep"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:health"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:human"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:insomnia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:via:cervus"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.radiolab.org/2010/dec/14/">
    <title>The Good Show - Radiolab</title>
    <dc:date>2010-12-21T02:15:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.radiolab.org/2010/dec/14/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this episode, a question that haunted Charles Darwin: if natural selection boils down to survival of the fittest, how do you explain why one creature might stick its neck out for another?

The standard view of evolution is that living things are shaped by cold-hearted competition. And there is no doubt that today's plants and animals carry the genetic legacy of ancestors who fought fiercely to survive and reproduce. But in this hour, we wonder whether there might also be a logic behind sharing, niceness, kindness ... or even, self-sacrifice. Is altruism an aberration, or just an elaborate guise for sneaky self-interest? Do we really live in a selfish, dog-eat-dog world? Or has evolution carved out a hidden code that rewards genuine cooperation?"

[Related: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/11/books/review/deWaal-t.html?pagewanted=all ]

[Update: in case the URL breaks, try this: http://www.radiolab.org/story/103951-the-good-show/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>radiolab good altruism genetics instinct generosity evolution georgeprice heroism heroes gametheory math selfishness self-preservation human cooperation niceness kindness survival reproduction darwin charlesdarwin</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:91226a3214b0/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:radiolab"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:evolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:georgeprice"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:heroism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:heroes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:gametheory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:math"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:selfishness"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:self-preservation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:human"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cooperation"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:darwin"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:charlesdarwin"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2831">
    <title>Language Log » A doubtful benevolence: Mark Twain on spelling</title>
    <dc:date>2010-12-18T08:29:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=2831</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Mark Twain:

"As I have said before, I never had any large respect for good spelling. That is my feeling yet. Before the spelling book came with its arbitrary forms, men unconsciously revealed shades of their characters, and also added enlightening shades of expression to what they wrote by their spelling, and so it is possible that the spelling book has been a doubtful benevolence to us."

He leads up to this conclusion with a curious theory of orthographico-genetic determinism, illustrated from personal experience:

"The ability to spell is a natural gift. The person not born with it can never become perfect in it. I was always able to spell correctly. My wife, and her sister, Mrs. Crane, were always bad spellers. Once when Clara was a little chap, her mother was away from home for a few days, and Clara wrote her a small letter every day. When her mother returned, she praised Clara's letters. Then she said, "But in one of them, Clara, you spelled a word wrong.""]]></description>
<dc:subject>language spelling marktwain english genetics humor rewards childhood dyslexia writing intelligence cv</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:bc6055928540/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:marktwain"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:genetics"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:rewards"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:writing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:intelligence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cv"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.npr.org/2010/11/18/131424595/siblings-share-genes-but-rarely-personalities">
    <title>Siblings Share Genes, But Rarely Personalities : NPR</title>
    <dc:date>2010-11-25T00:06:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.npr.org/2010/11/18/131424595/siblings-share-genes-but-rarely-personalities</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Theory One: Divergence: The first is a view popularized by a Darwin scholar named Frank Sulloway. In Sulloway's view, competition is the engine that pushes evolution — just as in the wild. Therefore, in the context of a family, one of the main things that's happening is that children are competing for the time, love and attention of their parents.<br />
<br />
Theory Two: Environment: The second theory has a slightly confusing name; it's called the non-shared environment theory, and it essentially argues that though from the outside it appears that we are growing up in the same family as our siblings, in very important ways we really aren't. We are not experiencing the same thing.<br />
<br />
Theory Three: Exaggeration: The final theory is the comparison theory, which holds that families are essentially comparison machines that greatly exaggerate even minor differences between siblings."]]></description>
<dc:subject>psychology children families parenting evolution personality science siblings parents nurture genetics heredity</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:2fd76e68a964/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:psychology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:children"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:families"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:parenting"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:evolution"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:nurture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:genetics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:heredity"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703514904575602684104739618.html">
    <title>The Science Behind Why We Love Ice Cream (and Other Things Creamy) - WSJ.com</title>
    <dc:date>2010-11-22T05:17:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703514904575602684104739618.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A new genetic study shows that people produce strikingly different amounts of amylase, and that the more of the enzyme people have in their mouth the faster they can liquefy starchy foods.

Scientists think this finding could help explain why people experience foods as creamy or slimy, sticky or watery, and that this perception could affect our preference for foods. For the numerous foods that contain starch, including pudding, sauces and even maple syrup, what can feel just right to some people is experienced as too runny or not melting enough for others because they produce different amounts of the enzyme."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>food taste texture pickyeaters psychology vegetables icecream senses genetics science diet dna</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:e381a22ef0ae/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:food"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:icecream"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:science"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:diet"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:dna"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.theamericanscholar.org/human-kind/">
    <title>Human Kind: Sissela Bok reviews &quot;The Price of Altruism&quot; by Oren Harman | The American Scholar</title>
    <dc:date>2010-09-25T18:10:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theamericanscholar.org/human-kind/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["For Darwin, the question of human morality never had to do with pure selflessness. In The Descent of Man he expressed his considered conviction that cultural factors such as “the effects of habit, the reasoning powers, instruction, religion, &c.” play a much more important role than natural selection in advancing what he called the moral qualities of human beings, “though to this latter agency the social instincts, which afforded the basis for the development of the moral sense, may be safely attributed.”

Harman, in his closing pages, underscores the role that culture and education still play in human altruistic behaviors, despite claims by biological determinists that genes run the show. His book is an important contribution to the collaborative work on altruism as it relates to self-interest now increasingly under way, not only in the natural sciences but also in philosophy, political science, economics, and anthropology."]]></description>
<dc:subject>humans humanism altruism selflessness education teaching learning culture economics philosophy politics anthropology collaboration empathy biology evolution darwin behavior society genetics naturenurture nature biologicaldeterminism determinism orenharman sisselabok morality humannature charlesdarwin</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:54dac4c8cf6e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:humans"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/09/the-depression-map-genes-culture-serotonin-and-a-side-of-pathogens/">
    <title>The depression map: genes, culture, serotonin, and a side of pathogens | Wired Science | Wired.com</title>
    <dc:date>2010-09-18T05:01:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/09/the-depression-map-genes-culture-serotonin-and-a-side-of-pathogens/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Maps can tell surprising stories. About a year ago, ﻿Northwestern University psychologist Joan Chiao  pondered a set of global maps that confounded conventional notions of what depression is, why we get it, and how genes — the so-called “depression gene” in particular — interact with environment and culture."]]></description>
<dc:subject>depression asia culture psychology genes genetics environment science maps mapping</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:3d9185a00fc0/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
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