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    <title>Unpaid Debts</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-08T22:01:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.oaklandreviewofbooks.org/unpaid-debts/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In the midst of a battle against a dying industry, a Kentucky judge said Oakland owes hundreds of millions of dollars to a bankrupt corporation that exists only on paper. What do cities owe to whom as they try to extricate themselves from fossil capital?"

[See also:

"How It’s Made: A 7,000-Word Story on Coal in Oakland
“This is the only time in my entire life, I think, where I wrote long and someone was like, ‘Well, could you make it longer?’”"
https://www.coyotemedia.org/how-its-made-a-7-000-word-story-on-coal-in-oakland/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>oakland 2026 finance labor cities politics coal meganwachspress</dc:subject>
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<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:5e8709358663/</dc:identifier>
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    <title>How It’s Made: A 7,000-Word Story on Coal in Oakland</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-08T22:00:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.coyotemedia.org/how-its-made-a-7-000-word-story-on-coal-in-oakland/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["“This is the only time in my entire life, I think, where I wrote long and someone was like, ‘Well, could you make it longer?’”"]]></description>
<dc:subject>oakland rahawahaile 2026 coal aaronbady meganwachspress writing journalism. howwewrite</dc:subject>
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    <title>Sacrificio Chileno - Puchuncaví y La Industria Inmobiliaria - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-12-04T07:25:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCGwrkvqq5o</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["La llegada de industrias de carbón y petróleo a la comuna de Puchuncaví, en la costa de la Región de Valparaíso, trajo consigo distintas consecuencias, desde el impacto ambiental hasta un rápido crecimiento de la población que tiene en la mira al bosque Quirilluca. Esta noche llega un nuevo capítulo de "Sacrificio Chileno: Paradojas del Progreso", dedicado a Puchuncaví y la industria inmobiliaria."]]></description>
<dc:subject>chile 2025 pucjuncaví sacrificiochileno pollutions environment contamination industry housing development growth refineries petroleum coal valparaíao ivregión via:javierarbona</dc:subject>
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    <title>Battle of Blair Mountain - Wikipedia</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-12T02:30:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blair_Mountain</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The Battle of Blair Mountain was the largest labor uprising in United States history and is the largest armed uprising since the American Civil War.[4][5] The conflict occurred in Logan County, West Virginia, as part of the Coal Wars, a series of early-20th-century labor disputes in Appalachia.

For five days from late August to early September 1921, some 10,000 armed coal miners confronted 3,000 lawmen and strikebreakers (called the Logan Defenders)[6] who were backed by coal mine operators during the miners' attempt to unionize the southwestern West Virginia coalfields when tensions rose between workers and mine management. The battle ended after approximately one million rounds were fired,[7] and the United States Army, represented by the West Virginia National Guard led by McDowell County native William Eubanks,[8] intervened by presidential order.[9]"]]></description>
<dc:subject>1921 battleofblairmountain strikes unions labor capitalism economics history riots uprisings us unitedmineworkers westvirginia coal coalmining 1920s</dc:subject>
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    <title>Alexis Madrigal: The Pacific Circuit - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-21T02:37:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCBl1CEZfLU</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Alexis Madrigal joins us for the release of his book, The Pacific Circuit: A Globalized Account of the Battle for the Soul of an American City.

Recorded at Green Apple Books on the Park on March 20, 2025."]]></description>
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    <title>Erald Kolasi’s “The Physics of Capitalism” with Timour Kamran and Jordan Whelchel - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-01T21:57:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWaZZjErdq4</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[See also:

The Physics of Capitalism: How a New Political Ecology Can Change the World, by Erald Kolasi (2025)
https://nyupress.org/9781685900908/the-physics-of-capitalism/

"A comprehensive blueprint for a new post-capitalist order—which values our collective future over immediate economic gains

The fate of all economic systems is written in the energy flows they obtain from the natural world. Our collective humanity very much depends on nature—for joy, for comfort, and for sheer survival. In his prescient new book, The Physics of Capitalism, Erald Kolasi explores the deep ecological physics of human existence by developing a new theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between economic systems and the wider natural world.

Nature is full of complex and dynamic systems that are constantly interacting with our societies. The collective physical interactions of the natural world guide and forge many fundamental features of human societies and civilizations. Humanity does not exist on a magical pedestal above the rest of reality; we are just one slice in a grand continuum of physical systems that interact, combine, and transform over time. We too belong to the natural world. And it’s this critical fact that controls the long-term fate of our economies and civilizations. Among all the living organisms that have called this blue marble home, humans are a very recent species. In that short period of time, we have managed to become one of the most dominant life forms in the history of the planet, creating powerful civilizations with elaborate cultures, large populations, and extensive trade networks. We have been nomads and farmers, scientists and lawyers, nurses and doctors, welders and blacksmiths. Our achievements are both astonishing and unprecedented, but they also carry great risks.

Throughout history, economic growth has depended heavily on people converting more energy from their natural environments and concentrating the resulting energy flows towards the application of specific tasks. The economic and demographic growth of human civilization over the last ten thousand years has profoundly impacted natural ecosystems throughout the planet, triggering major instabilities across the biosphere that threaten to reverberate on civilization and to destabilize its long-term trajectory. Swamped with multiple ecological challenges of historic proportions, global civilization now stands at a critical tipping point that deserves closer scrutiny. If we are to have any hope of addressing the difficult challenges we face, then we must begin by understanding them and appreciating their complexity. And then, we must act. This book offers a comprehensive blueprint for our collective future, pointing the way to a new post-capitalist order that can provide long-term viability and stability for human civilization on a global scale."


https://monthlyreview.org/product/the-physics-of-capitalism-how-a-new-political-ecology-can-change-the-world/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7USJ6ucupc">
    <title>Historia freak de nuestra relación con la naturaleza - Joaquín Barañao l Biobío 2024 - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-05T19:21:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7USJ6ucupc</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Durante los últimos 200 mil años, un primate muy poco impresionante del este de África pasó de ser un puñado de bandas rasguñando la subsistencia a convertirse en el reescultor del planeta completo, al punto que hoy hablamos del Antropoceno. A lo largo de esos milenios, el ser humano evolucionó desde el temor reverencial y la incomprensión más absoluta de los sistemas naturales de gran escala hacia un dominio creciente de sus servicios y posibilidades. Del miedo y el asombro se pasó a la domesticación; de ahí a la sobreutilización inconsciente, seguido de las primeras alarmas de que el planeta es finito. Luego vinieron los movimientos medioambientales y ahora enfrentamos la amenaza de derramar pintura sobre obras maestras si no abandonamos los combustibles fósiles de inmediato.

El escritor Joaquín Barañao, autor de los exitosos libros sobre “historias freak”, guio un paseo histórico por la relación del ser humano con su entorno natural, a través de una narración construida con un pliego de anécdotas, curiosidades y serendipias que le hace honor a aquello de que la realidad, al menos en ocasiones, supera la ficción."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gd08rqVjAxE">
    <title>&quot;Double Agents&quot;: Lobbyists for Big Tech, Universities &amp; Eco Groups Also Work for Big Oil - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2023-07-08T20:12:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gd08rqVjAxE</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[references:

"‘Double agents’: fossil-fuel lobbyists work for US groups trying to fight climate crisis
Exclusive: new database shows 1,500 US lobbyists working for fossil-fuel firms while representing universities and green groups"
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jul/05/double-agent-fossil-fuel-lobbyists ]

"A damning new database reveals thousands of lobbyists are working for fossil fuel companies at the same time they represent hundreds of cities, universities, tech companies and even environmental groups that claim to be taking steps to address the climate crisis. We speak with _The Guardian_'s environmental reporter Oliver Milman. "It's clear that the wielding of political power and influence is far more important to them than staying true to any kind of ideals of distancing themselves fully from the fossil fuel industry," says Milman.

Transcript:
https://www.democracynow.org/2023/7/7/guardian_investigation_fossil_fuel_lobbyists ]]]></description>
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<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:321de6763d68/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/02/28/wendell-berrys-advice-for-a-cataclysmic-age">
    <title>Wendell Berry’s Advice for a Cataclysmic Age | The New Yorker</title>
    <dc:date>2022-05-14T19:15:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/02/28/wendell-berrys-advice-for-a-cataclysmic-age</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Sixty years after renouncing modernity, the writer is still contemplating a better way forward."

...

"The place was so inviting, I wondered if anyone had ever broken in—seeking, perhaps, a little food and a furtive night’s rest. “Yes, once,” Berry said. He was pretty sure he knew the culprit. “Someone took out a few panes and tried to get into my safe. I wrote him a note—‘Dear Thief, if you’re in trouble, don’t tear this place up. Come to the house, and I’ll give you what you need.’”

From this sliver of vanishing America, Berry cultivates the unfashionable virtues of neighborliness and compassion. He divides his time between writing and farmwork, continuing his vocation of championing sustainable agriculture in a country fuelled by industrial behemoths, while striving to insure that rural Americans—a mocked, despised, and ever-dwindling minority—do not perish altogether. Whenever the country struggles with a new man-made emergency, Berry is rediscovered. A Twitter feed called @WendellDaily recently circulated one of his maxims: “Rats and roaches live by competition under the law of supply and demand; it is the privilege of human beings to live under the laws of justice and mercy.”

Berry’s admirers call him an Isaiah-like prophet. Michael Pollan and Alice Waters say that he changed their lives with five words: “Eating is an agricultural act.” Pollan became a scourge of the meat industry, genetically modified food, and factory farms; Waters launched the farm-to-table movement. The cultural critic bell hooks, another Kentuckian, began reading Berry in college, finding his work “fundamentally radical and eclectic.” Decades later, she visited him at his farm to talk about the importance of home and community and the complexities of America’s racial divide.

Berry’s critics see him as a utopian or a crank, a Luddite who never met a technological innovation he admired. In “Why I Am Not Going to Buy a Computer,” an infamous 1987 essay that ran in Harper’s, he announced, “I do not see that computers are bringing us one step nearer to anything that does matter to me: peace, economic justice, ecological health, political honesty, family and community stability, good work.” When indignant readers sent a blizzard of letters to the editor, Berry noted in reply that one man, who called him “a fool” and “doubly a fool,” had “fortunately misspelled my name, leaving me a speck of hope that I am not the ‘Wendell Barry’ he was talking about.”"

...

"In the early sixties, the Berrys seemed to be launched on a very different life. After Wendell received a Guggenheim Fellowship, they lived for a year in Tuscany and southern France, then moved with their children, Mary and Den, to New York, where Wendell taught at New York University. In 1964, he announced to his astonished colleagues that he had accepted a professorship at the University of Kentucky, in Lexington, and that he was going to take up farming near his family’s “home place.” That year, he and Tanya bought their house and their first twelve acres. His New York friends, imagining him surrounded by moonshine-swilling hillbillies and feuding clans, were sure he had consigned himself to intellectual death. He set out to prove them wrong, even as he admitted, “I seem to have been born with an aptitude for a way of life that was doomed.”

He found a kind of salvation, and a subject, in stewardship of the land. With renunciative discipline, he tilled his fields as his father and grandfather had, using a team of horses and a plow. And he took up organic gardening. I’d learned from the letters that it was my father who introduced Berry to the practice, sending him Leonard’s book “Gardening with Nature,” and recommending the works of Sir Albert Howard. An early-twentieth-century English botanist, Howard had studied traditional farming methods in India and emerged as an evangelist for sustainable agriculture. In 1977, Berry quoted Howard, his defining guide on the topic, as “treating the whole problem of health in soil, plant, animal, and man as one great subject.”

I confessed that I’d never read Howard. Berry, turning professorial, retrieved “An Agricultural Testament” and read aloud, enunciating each word: “ ‘Mother Earth never attempts to farm without livestock; she always raises mixed crops; great pains are taken to preserve the soil and to prevent erosion; the mixed vegetable and animal wastes are converted into humus; there is no waste.’ ” Berry closed the book. “That’s it,” he said. “That’s the pinch of the hourglass.”"

...

"When Wendell and his three siblings were young, Henry County was famous for a light-leafed, unusually fragrant crop known as burley tobacco. The small farmers of the “burley belt”—including parts of Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, and West Virginia—saw themselves as part of a centuries-old culture that produced the most labor-intensive agricultural product in the world. In “Tobacco Harvest: An Elegy,” a book of photographs that Berry’s college friend James Baker Hall took in 1973 at a neighbor’s farm, Berry writes about the cultivation of tobacco as “a sort of agrarian passion, because of its beauty at nearly every stage of production and because of the artistry required to produce it.” At harvest time, neighbors “swapped work,” as they did when putting up hay or killing hogs, undertakings that took days and required intense collective labor. In one story, Andy Catlett, Wendell’s fictional counterpart, tells a young helper, “If you don’t have people, a lot of people, whose hands can make order of whatever they pick up, you’re going to be shit out of luck.”

I had always associated tobacco with lung cancer. Seeing that I needed help understanding it as a cultural touchstone, Berry said, “I’d better tell you about my daddy.” His father, John Marshall Berry, had a searing early experience that shaped his life, as well as the lives of his children and grandchildren. In January, 1907, when John was six, he woke up in what he called “the black of midnight” to the sound of his father’s horse on the gravel driveway. He was heading for the annual tobacco auction, in Louisville. The family had sat around the fire earlier, speculating about how much he would get for the year’s crop, and how they would use the money to pay down their debts. Instead, he returned empty-handed. The American Tobacco Company, a trust run by the tycoon James B. Duke, had forced the price of tobacco below the cost of production and transport. Wendell said, “My dad saw grown men leaving the warehouses crying.”

John Berry became an attorney, married Virginia Erdman Perry, from Port Royal, and established himself as a prominent citizen of Henry County. According to Tom Grissom, who is writing a book about the local history of tobacco, Berry was a member of his town’s bank board, a trustee of his college, and a Sunday-school teacher at the Baptist church. He was also a fervent advocate of a new organization, the Burley Tobacco Growers Cooperative Association. It enabled farmers to free themselves from the grip of the trust by establishing production controls and parity prices, and by selling their tobacco directly to manufacturers.

In 1933, as prices plummeted during the Great Depression, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act, to save farmers from ruin. The act introduced production controls in return for price supports—a federal version of the regional Burley Association. John Berry served as the association’s president from 1957 until 1975, and insisted that the programs were not handouts but the equivalent of a minimum wage. Wendell maintained that the purpose of the Burley Association was to “achieve fair prices, fairly determined, and with minimal help from the government.”

Berry often writes of trying to nurture a “human economy”—the antithesis of America’s “total economy,” run by latter-day robber barons and the politicians who count on their donations. By his definition, a corporation is “a pile of money to which a number of persons have sold their moral allegiance.” Objecting to Supreme Court rulings that treat corporations as persons, Berry argues that “the limitless destructiveness of this economy comes about precisely because a corporation is not a person.” In other words, “It can experience no personal hope or remorse, no change of heart. It cannot humble itself. It goes about its business as if it were immortal, with the single purpose of becoming a bigger pile of money.”"

...

"School held little interest for Wendell. “I didn’t like confinement,” he said. Second-grade teachers gave boys knives for perfect attendance, but he spurned the bribe, and by the eighth grade was earning F’s in conduct. When he was fourteen, his parents, determined to see their bright children buckle down, sent him and John to Millersburg Military Institute; their younger sisters, Mary Jo and Markie, later went to a private school in Virginia.

Millersburg had an effect on Wendell, but not the one his parents had intended. “The highest aim of the school was to produce a perfectly obedient, militarist, puritanical moron who could play football,” Berry writes in “The Long-Legged House.” His greatest lesson from those years: “Take a simpleton and give him power and confront him with intelligence—and you have a tyrant.” Each year, when school let out for the summer, Wendell headed to his great-uncle Curran’s camp with an axe and a scythe, to mow the wild grass and horseweed. “It was some instinctive love of wilderness that would always bring me back here,” he wrote, “but it was by the instincts of a farmer that I established myself.”

He turned himself around at the University of Kentucky, where he earned undergraduate and master’s degrees in English. He studied creative writing with Robert Hazel, a charismatic poet and novelist with a gift for shaping raw talents, including Ed McClanahan, James Baker Hall, Gurney Norman, and Bobbie Ann Mason. Wendell recalled, “He did me the great service of never allowing me to be satisfied with any work I showed him.”"

...

"In 1958, Berry was awarded a Wallace Stegner writing fellowship at Stanford. He and Tanya packed their things and three-month-old Mary in their Plymouth and drove across the country. Berry prized his seminars with Stegner, whom he considers the West’s foremost “storyteller, historian, critic, conservator and loyal citizen.” In a Jefferson Lecture in 2012, he quoted Stegner’s description of Americans as one of two basic types, “boomers” and “stickers.” Boomers are “those who pillage and run,” who “make a killing and end up on Easy Street.” Stickers are “those who settle, and love the life they have made and the place they have made it in.” They are “placed people,” in Berry’s term—forever attached to the look of the sky, the smell of native plants, and the vernacular of home."

...

"lthough Berry is enviably prolific, he doesn’t find writing easy. When I asked about his process, he replied with a parable. On a bitterly cold winter day, he had to leave the comfort of the house: his livestock was out, and a fence had to be mended. His gloves made his fingers clumsy, so he took them off, freezing his hands as he twisted the wire. “What’s curious to me is that, once started, you’re interested, you’re into it, you’re doing your work, and you’re happy,” he said. “That applies to writing. Sometimes I don’t believe I can stand it another day, but then I’m working at problems I know how to deal with, to an extent.”"

...

"In 1977, as my father was being ushered into retirement, Berry was told that it was time to find a new publisher. Two years later, he said, North Point Press “adopted me.” North Point was a new venture in Berkeley, co-founded by Jack Shoemaker, a thirty-three-year-old former bookseller. Shoemaker, who now edits Berry at Counterpoint Press, told me that his books were popular with environmentalists, hippies, and civil-rights advocates: “Wendell was a hero to those people, saying the unsayable out loud.” His ideas about the virtues of agrarian societies had sweeping implications—to solve the problems of the modern world required thoroughly reconceiving how we live. Wallace Stegner once wrote to him, “Your books seem conservative. They are actually profoundly revolutionary.”

Berry distrusts political movements, which, he writes, “soon decline from any possibility of reasonable discourse to slogans, shouts, and a merely hateful contention in the capitols and streets.” Still, he is a lifelong protester. In 1967, he helped lead the Sierra Club’s successful effort to block the Red River Gorge Dam, in east-central Kentucky. The following year, he marched against the Vietnam War in Lexington, where he told the crowd that, as a member of the human race, he was “in the worst possible company: communists, fascists and totalitarians of all sorts, militarists and tyrants, exploiters, vandals, gluttons, ignoramuses, murderers.” But, he insisted, he was given hope by people “who through all the sad destructive centuries of our history have kept alive the vision of peace and kindness and generosity and humility and freedom.”

On Valentine’s Day weekend, 2011, Berry joined a small group of activists to occupy Governor Steve Beshear’s office in Frankfort, as hundreds more marched outside with “I Love Mountains” placards. They aimed to convince the Governor to withdraw from a lawsuit that the Kentucky Coal Association had filed against the E.P.A. for its efforts to clean up waters polluted by toxic mining runoff. Beshear agreed to visit a few particularly afflicted towns. In Hueysville, a resident named Ricky Handshoe took him to Raccoon Creek, which had turned a fluorescent orange. Aghast, Beshear asked, “But you’re on city water, aren’t you?” Handshoe said recently that the Governor meant well, but was no match for the coal lobby: “After he left, nothing much happened.”

Berry puts his faith in citizens who are committed to restoring their communities. One of the people at the sit-in was his friend Herb E. Smith, from a family of miners in Whitesburg. In 1969, at the age of seventeen, Smith and seven other young people helped found a film workshop, called Appalshop, to produce stories about eastern Kentucky that countered the conventional narrative about benighted Appalachians. Smith told me that in the past half century, as coal jobs have disappeared, Appalshop has grown. With support from government agencies and foundations, it runs a radio station, a theatre program, an art gallery, a filmmaking institute, and a record label. Another nonprofit in town provides health care to the uninsured. A bakery up the road employs recovering opioid addicts. Addressing political disagreements in a solidly red state, Smith said, “These are people with deep concerns about community survival, even in places thought of as full of reactionaries. In reality, people accommodate each other.”

Berry hailed the concentration of talent, work, and courage in Whitesburg, citing its most famous resident, Harry Caudill, whose history of Appalachia, “Night Comes to the Cumberlands,” came out in 1963 and “brought the war on poverty to eastern Kentucky.” He also talked about a married couple, Tom and Pat Gish, who in 1956 bought the local newspaper, the Mountain Eagle, and ran it for fifty-two years. Their first decision was to replace its anodyne motto, “A Friendly Non-Partisan Weekly Newspaper,” with “It Screams.” Not everyone welcomed the paper’s candor about the hazards of mining and the misdeeds of corrupt officials. In 1974, someone threw a firebomb into its offices. The Gishes moved the paper’s operations to their house and got out the next issue. Chuckling, Berry noted that the only thing they changed was the slogan: “It Still Screams.” He added, “That story has been worth a lot to me. And so much has gathered there and kept on right in the presence of the permanent destruction of the world.”"

...

"Despite Berry’s veneration of his ancestors, he can be unsparing about their sins. “I am forever being crept up on and newly startled by the realization that my people established themselves here by killing or driving out the original possessors, by the awareness that people were once bought and sold here by my people, by the sense of the violence they have done to their own kind and to each other and to the earth,” he wrote in his 1968 essay “A Native Hill.” He saw the rapacious practices of modern agribusiness, Big Coal, the military-industrial complex, and Wall Street as the perpetuation of “some intransigent destructiveness” that drove the European settlers in America.

That year, Berry began writing “The Hidden Wound,” a book that examines racism as “an emotional dynamics which has disordered both the heart of the society as a whole and of every person in the society.” The title refers to an ugly story handed down through generations of Berrys, in which John J. Berry sold a slave who, the story went, was “too defiant and rebellious to do anything with.” Although it showed the “innate violence of the slave system,” it was relayed “as a bit of interesting history.” Berry admitted, “I have told it that way many times myself. And so the wound has lived beneath the skin.”"

...

"
Thomas Friedman, of the Times, is scolded for a preening column in which he calls himself a “green capitalist” and blames Congress for not cracking down on coal, oil, and gas producers. Berry observes, “The deal we are being offered appears to be that we can change the world without changing ourselves.” This kind of thinking enables us to continue using too much energy “of whatever color,” hoping that “fields of solar panels and ranks of gigantic wind machines” will absolve us of guilt as consumers. Which is not to say that Berry renounces the use of green energy. He posed for a photograph several years ago in front of the solar panels by his house, grinning and flashing a peace sign.

Berry summons writers, from Homer to Twain, who extended “understanding and sympathy to enemies, sinners, and outcasts: sometimes to people who happen to be on the other side or the wrong side, sometimes to people who have done really terrible things.” In this spirit, he offers an assessment of Robert E. Lee, whom he calls “one of the great tragic figures of our history.” He presents Lee as a white supremacist and a slaveholder, but also as a reluctant soldier who opposed secession and was forced to choose between conflicting loyalties: his country and his people. “Lee said, ‘I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children,’ ” Berry writes. “For him, the words ‘birthplace’ and ‘home’ and even ‘children’ had a complexity and vibrance of meaning that at present most of us have lost.”

Berry wants readers to hate Lee’s sins but love the sinner, or at least understand his motives. War, he suggests, begins in a failure of acceptance. He writes of exchanging friendly talk with Trump voters at Port Royal’s farm-supply store, a kind of tolerance that is necessary in a small town: “If two neighbors know that they may seriously disagree, but that either of them, given even a small change of circumstances, may desperately need the other, should they not keep between them a sort of pre-paid forgiveness? They ought to keep it ready to hand, like a fire extinguisher.” Without this, we risk conflagration: “A society with an absurdly attenuated sense of sin starts talking then of civil war or holy war.”

If readers were incredulous about Berry’s claim that a pencil was a better tool than a computer, it’s not hard to imagine how many will react to his plea that we extend sympathy to a general whose army fought to perpetuate slavery in America. Several of Berry’s friends urged him to abandon the book, anticipating Twitter eruptions and withering reviews. He writes, “My friends, I think, were afraid, now that I am old, that I am at risk of some dire breach of political etiquette by feebleness of mind or some fit of ill-advised candor.” He listened, and fretted, but kept going. “They are asking me to lay aside my old effort to tell the truth, as it is given to me by my own knowledge and judgment, in order to take up another art, which is that of public relations.” In a letter, he told me that he didn’t want to offend “against truth or goodness,” although the book “at times certainly does offend, I think necessarily, against political correctness.” Tanya crisply told him, “It’s too late for it to ruin your whole life.”"

...

"Mary told Wendell that she imagined a liberal-arts program that would teach students how to raise livestock and grow diversified crops, and encourage them to pursue farming as a life’s work. Wendell said to her, “It sounds like you’re starting a center.” Mary had no idea how to run a nonprofit, but, she told me, “I had what was left of a pretty good farm culture and a well-watered landscape.”

She admits that growing up on her parents’ farm wasn’t easy: the outdoor composting privy, the absence of vacations, the mandatory chores that pulled her out of bed each morning before dawn. “It was a subsistence farm,” she said. “Mom and Dad were producing eighty to eighty-five per cent of what we were eating.” She thought that they were poor: “We didn’t live in a ranch house, drink Coke, or have a TV.” A friend, taking pity on her, got on the phone each week to offer a running narration of popular shows. Mary complained to her father, “Why do we always have to do things the hardest way?” But she never considered moving away.

The Berry Center, with a staff of eight and a board of ten, attracts visitors from around the world who share many Americans’ sense of deracination. “They want to know how to belong to a place,” Mary told me. When they express alarm about climate change, she tells them, “You can’t throw up your hands in despair. You’re not responsible for solving the whole problem—you just do what you can do.”

Four years ago, the Berry Center and Sterling College, an “experiential learning” school in Craftsbury, Vermont, started the Wendell Berry Farming Program, which provides twelve students tuition-free study on Henry County farms. Leah Bayens, the program’s dean, told me that the students spend much of their time working outside. “Ultimately, we’re using the curriculum as a way for farmers to make decisions informed by poetry, history, and literature, as well as the hard sciences.”"

...

"Berry’s writing, like the seasons, has a cyclical quality, returning again and again to the same ideas. Tanya once told him that his knack for repeating himself is his principal asset as a writer. He noted a few years ago, “That insight has instructed and amused me very much, because she is right and so forthrightly right.” In his new book, he has a characteristically bittersweet message: “Because the age of global search and discovery now is ending—because by now we have so thoroughly ransacked, appropriated, and diminished the globe’s original wealth—we can see how generous and abounding is the commonwealth of life.” But he has never suggested that everyone flee the city and the suburbs and take up farming. “I am suggesting,” he once wrote, “that most people now are living on the far side of a broken connection, and that this is potentially catastrophic.”

I asked him if he retains any of his youthful hope that humanity can avoid a cataclysm. He replied that he’s become more careful in his use of the word “hope”: “Jesus said, ‘Take no thought for the morrow,’ which I take to mean that if we do the right things today, we’ll have done all we really can for tomorrow. OK. So I hope to do the right things today.”

At the old Ford acreage, he showed me where the tobacco was taken after the harvest. He opened the barn doors onto a cavernous space, where light filtered through the siding boards. Craning my neck, I could imagine how the tobacco sticks, laden with heavy leaves, were once hung on the rafters to dry. It was a perilous undertaking called “housing tobacco”—each man supporting a sheaf of leaves larger than he was, balancing on a beam like a circus performer as he set the stick in place.

Wendell picked up a maul, which Meb had made from a hickory tree. It had a smooth handle and a bulbous head, squared off at the end. “With it,” he told me, “you can deliver a blow of tremendous force to a stake or a splitting wedge.” Thinking about a modern sledgehammer, I asked how the handle was inserted into the head. He put his hand on my shoulder and said, “No, no, honey,” then hastily explained himself: “That’s our way of taking the sting out of it, you see, when we correct someone.” He showed me the swirling grain of the maul’s head, chopped from the roots of a tree, and swung it over his shoulder to demonstrate how it becomes a natural extension of the body.

When I was back home, he sent me a diagram and explained how the strength of the wood came from the tree’s immersion in the soil: “The growth of roots makes the grain gnarly, gnurly, snurly: unsplittable.” After you cut the tree, you square off the root end. Then, above the roots, where the grain isn’t snurly, you saw inward a little at a time, “splitting off long, straight splinters to reduce the log to the diameter of a handle comfortable to hold. And so you’ve made your maul. It is all one piece, impossible for the strongest man (or of course woman) to break.” He scrawled at the bottom of the page, “There is a kind of genius in that maul, that belongs to a placed people: to make of what is at hand a fine, durable tool at the cost only of skill and work.”"]]></description>
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    <title>Charmaine Chua on Twitter: &quot;Everyone is talking about the big ship getting stuck in the #Suez Canal. Here's a critical logistics reading list on the politics of how we got here -why ships are so huge, why there is a manmade canal cutting through a contine</title>
    <dc:date>2021-03-30T02:46:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/charmaineschua/status/1375868552129863681</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Everyone is talking about the big ship getting stuck in the #Suez Canal. Here’s a critical logistics reading list on the politics of how we got here -why ships are so huge, why there is a manmade canal cutting through a continent, why global supply chains seem so brittle, & more.

On the rise of the logistics revolution that shaped the martial politics of global trade from the 1960s to present, read @debcowen’s seminal The Deadly Life of Logistics https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/the-deadly-life-of-logistics

This talk I gave at @SonicActs, also the partial subject of of my book manuscript, thinks through the irrational rationalities of obsessions with monstrous ships in the logistics industry, and the corresponding effects on global infrastructure https://re-imagine-europe.eu/resources_item/indurable-monstrosities/

@LalehKhalili’s wonderful Sinews of War and Trade is a tour de force history of the making or ports & shipping infrastructure in the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. Ch. 1, “route-making” has an important section on the Suez Canal https://versobooks.com/books/3172-sinews-of-war-and-trade

On Barak’s “Powering Empire” is a powerful (literally) account of how the age of empire was driven by coal-powered steamships, leading to the globalization of carbon energy today. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520310728/powering-empire

If you’re worried about ships hijacked by pirates as they reroute around the Cape of Good Hope, Jatin Dua’s “Captured by Sea” is essential reading; an account of the entanglements of insurance regimes and global capital with the history of Somali Piracy: https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520305205/captured-at-sea

In a study of the Panama Canal, @martindanyluk interrogates the interspatial global competition premised on attracting cargo traffic to ports and canals, representing capital’s tendency to produce “fungible space”: https://www.ijurr.org/article/fungible-space-competition-and-volatility-in-the-global-logistics-network/

@outsidadgitator’s classic and crucial @Endnotes essay is a must-read on “counterlogistics” and the possibilities of repurposing global logistical circuits for the communist prospect; https://endnotes.org.uk/issues/3/en/jasper-bernes-logistics-counterlogistics-and-the-communist-prospect

…which should be followed by Alberto Toscano’s excellent, comradely response: https://viewpointmag.com/2014/09/28/lineaments-of-the-logistical-state/

Years ago, I rode on an Evergreen container ship going from the Port of LA to KaoHsiung, Taiwan for 48 days. A series of five posts written onboard explores the everyday life of transoceanic shipping and its banal cruelties. (read from the bottom to top) https://thedisorderofthings.com/tag/slow-boat-to-china/

Of course, Tim Mitchell’s Carbon Democracy is not to be missed; an agenda-setting account of the global shift from coal to oil and the rise of fossil-fueled capitalism grounded in global shipping mobilities https://versobooks.com/books/1020-carbon-democracy

Newly published, Alejandro Colas and @LiamCampling’s masterful Capitalism and the Sea covers an incredible geography and history of the political economy, ecology, and geopolitics of the global ocean. https://versobooks.com/books/3647-capitalism-and-the-sea

Edited by @martindanyluk, @debcowen, @LalehKhalili, and myself, this special issue of @societyandspace charts an agenda for critical logistics research, with excellent pieces by wonderful contributors such as @RafeefZiadah and Wes Attewell

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space - Volume 36, Number 4, Aug 01, 2018
Table of contents for Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 36, 4, Aug 01, 2018
https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/epd/36/4

Finally, for those in the US interested in the consequences and effects of global just-in-time shipping on inland warehousing logistics, Juan De Lara’s “Inland Shift” is a wonderful account of the entwinements of race, space, labor and logistics: https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520297395/inland-shift

And Phil Neel’s “Hinterland” is a beautifully written account of the transformation of the geography of the US and China into a network of coastal hubs and logistical heartlands: https://www.akpress.org/hinterland.html

A lot of wonderful work was not covered here; for those who want to dive deeper into global logistics and the ocean, I recommend @ProfPeterCole’s Dockworker Power; and the work of Katy Fox-Hoddess, Dave Featherstone, Elizabeth Sibilia, Phil Steinberg, & Hege Hoyer Leivestad."]]></description>
<dc:subject>charmainechua 2021 infrastructure suezcanal shipping supplychains capitalism latecapitalism energy climatechange globalization onbarak jatindua somalia piracy panamacanal martindanyluk logistics global communism albertotoscano evergreen timmitchell carbonemissions fossilfuels coal oil petroleum alejandrocolas liamcampling geopolitics readinglists debcowen lalehkhalili criticallogisitics juandelara socal inlandempire philneel geography us china coasts ports petercole katyfox-hoddess davefeathersone elizabethsibilia philsteinberg hegehoyerleivestad evergiven panamácanal latestagecapitalism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://thebaffler.com/latest/get-real-ray">
    <title>Get Real | Tarence Ray</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-29T02:52:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thebaffler.com/latest/get-real-ray</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["What liberals like Paul Krugman still don’t understand about rural America"

…

"This question of why the rural working class often votes against its interests has been bugging liberals for a few decades now, and you can’t really blame them. Democrats still held a lot of sway in rural America for the first half of the twentieth century, but then things started to change. Neoliberal economics tore rural regions apart. Both jobs and people left in short order. Now these regions swing predominantly conservative, and liberals are left scratching their heads.

Today, rural America is largely viewed as politically and culturally “a world apart,” when in reality the picture is bleaker: conservatives simply maintain a stronger grasp on power in rural areas than liberals do. Liberals think that the majority of people in rural areas see this as a desirable state of affairs. Many of us don’t. It’s just that our voices have been erased by the overwhelming might of power and industry.

Krugman would do better to skip the psychoanalysis and examine the way power is actually constituted in rural America: to look at why and how ideology is formed, who does the forming, and what material interests are served by it. But he knows his audience, and he knows that they don’t really want to know the answers to those questions because that would mean they would have to actually believe in and fight for something. And they’re not going to do that. They’d rather be at brunch.

*****

As good Marxists, let’s state up front that the primary function of rural areas within the larger national economy is as a supply source of raw materials: food, oil, natural gas, coal, timber, and other resources. To keep these goods flowing out of rural areas —and profit flowing into capitalists’ pockets—freethinking dissent within the extractive regions must be squashed at all costs. Compare this with urban areas, where a greater productive capacity and larger middle classes can absorb and dilute a great deal of dissent. In rural areas, those impulses have to be stamped out before they can really take off; nothing less than the unchallenged flow of profit and resources is at stake. Conservatives understand this, and it’s why one of their foremost political strategies in rural areas is that of social control.

If you live in a rural community, extractive or not, you are likely confronted every day with an onslaught of images, dogmas, and various cultural reinforcements regarding your role within the national social structure. Perhaps the primary location for this “indoctrination” is the local school system. In many rural communities, it is well understood that while state power may be concentrated in the county courthouse, social power—the power to shape the ideological contours of the community, and therefore how it votes, prays, works, and obeys—is concentrated in the local school board."

…

"The only thing capable of breaking the conservative stranglehold on rural communities—and of breaking the power of their foot soldiers in the local school boards, chambers of commerce, and churches—is a nationwide political movement based in the actual interests of the working class: the service industry employees and care workers, the teachers and tenants. That’s because the right wing has their own institutions, programs, and forms of ideological preservation in rural areas. They have invested heavily in them for the last thirty years, and they will not stop until rural America is a useless ecological graveyard. Conservatives see their beliefs gradually losing support, and they have entered death cult mode. They want to squeeze as much profit and as many resources out of rural areas as possible, until we, too, have gone to the graveyard.

The result is a rapidly deteriorating economic landscape that stumps writers like Krugman. When he writes about the economic forces contributing to rural America’s decline “that nobody knows how to reverse,” the “nobody” he’s referring to is himself. Krugman’s liberalism, with its focus on slow incrementalism and social tinkering, has become incompatible with rural economies that are beholden to the whims of increasingly embattled industry. In the days when America’s economy was booming after World War II, when regulations meant to safeguard the financial interests of ordinary people didn’t necessarily threaten the immense wealth that was being produced throughout society, it was feasible that pro-business ideas could coexist with liberal doctrines like human rights and social welfare policies. But in the era of post-industrial capitalism, as wages decline, jobs are relocated, and the social safety net shrinks, it’s become impossible to square that contradiction.

So the best Krugman can offer is a kind of liberal realism: progressive values are simply incompatible with the minds of backwards yokels living out in the provinces, and we need to get real about that. This allows Krugman to erase all forms of rural radicalism: he doesn’t see us as powerless, silenced by the authoritarian regime of conservative social control, because he doesn’t see power at all.

But we know that rural radicalism exists, and we know that the rural working class can exert a great deal of leverage on entrenched power structures. The statewide teacher strikes in predominantly rural West Virginia serve as the best recent example. Our power is growing. It may take some time and experimentation, but conservatives will not reign unchallenged in rural America for eternity. We’ve never stopped fighting back."]]></description>
<dc:subject>rural us paulkrugman politics economics 2019 power taranceray liberals neoliberalism capitalism democrats republicans ideology incrementalism elitism society socialwelfare welfare radicalism humanrights work labor workingclass class teachers tenants coal westvirginia newmexico oil gas</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://bostonreview.net/politics/elizabeth-catte-finding-future-radical-rural-america">
    <title>Finding the Future in Radical Rural America | Boston Review</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-02T22:51:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://bostonreview.net/politics/elizabeth-catte-finding-future-radical-rural-america</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["It's time to rewrite the narrative of “Trump Country.” Rural places weren't always red, and many are turning increasingly blue."

…

"Rural spaces are often thought of as places absent of things, from people of color to modern amenities to radical politics. The truth, as usual, is more complicated."

…

"In West Virginia, what is old is new again: the revival of a labor movement, the fight against extractive capitalism, and the continuation of women’s grassroots leadership."

…

"Appalachia should not be seen as a liability to the left, a place that time and progress forgot. The past itself is not a negative asset."

…

"To create solidarity in the present, to make change for the future, West Virginians needed to remember their radical past."

…

"West Virginia’s workers, whether coal miners or teachers, have never benefitted from the state’s natural wealth due to greedy corporations and the politicians they buy."

…

"It matters that workers are rising up, and it matters that women are leading. It matters that the fight against extractive capitalism is fiercer than ever."

…

"The 2016 election still looms over us. But if all you know—or care to know—about Appalachia are election results, then you miss the potential for change. It might feel natural to assume, for example, that the region is doomed to elect conservative leadership. It might seem smart to point at the “D” beside Joe Manchin’s name and think, “It’s better than nothing.” There might be some fleeting concession to political diversity, but in a way that makes it the exception rather than the rule—a spot of blue in Trump Country.

If you believe this, then you might find these examples thin: worthy of individual commendation, but not indicative of the potential for radical change. But where you might look for change, I look for continuity, and it is there that I find the future of the left.

It matters that workers are rising up, and it matters that women are leading. It matters that the fight against extractive capitalism is fiercer than ever. And for all of these actions, it matters that the reasoning is not simply, “this is what is right,” but also, “this is what we do.” That reclamation of identity is powerful. Here, the greatest possible rebuke to the forces that gave us Trump will not be people outside of the region writing sneering columns, and it likely will not start with electoral politics. It will come from ordinary people who turn to their neighbors, relatives, and friends and ask, through their actions, “Which side are you on?”

“Listen to today’s socialists,” political scientist Corey Robin writes,

and you’ll hear less the language of poverty than of power. Mr. Sanders invokes the 1 percent. Ms. Ocasio-Cortez speaks to and for the ‘working class’—not ‘working people’ or ‘working families,’ homey phrases meant to soften and soothe. The 1 percent and the working class are not economic descriptors. They’re political accusations. They split society in two, declaring one side the illegitimate ruler of the other; one side the taker of the other’s freedom, power and promise.

This is a language the left knows well in Appalachia and many other rural communities. “The socialist argument against capitalism,” Robin says, “isn’t that it makes us poor. It’s that it makes us unfree.” Indeed, the state motto of West Virginia is montani semper liberi: mountaineers are always free. It was adopted in 1863 to mark West Virginia’s secession from Virginia, a victory that meant these new citizens would not fight a rich man’s war.

There are moments when that freedom feels, to me, unearned. How can one look at our economic conditions and who we have helped elect and claim freedom? But then I imagine the power of people who face their suffering head on and still say, “I am free.” There is no need to visit the future to see the truth in that. There is freedom in fighting old battles because it means that the other side has not won."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/07/the-fantastically-strange-origin-of-most-coal-on-earth/">
    <title>The Fantastically Strange Origin of Most Coal on Earth – Phenomena: Curiously Krulwich</title>
    <dc:date>2018-01-06T22:47:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/07/the-fantastically-strange-origin-of-most-coal-on-earth/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This is a story about trees—very, very strange looking trees—and some microbes that failed to show up on time. Their non-appearance happened more than 300 million years ago, and what they didn’t do, or rather what happened because they weren’t there, shapes your life and mine.

All you have to do is walk the streets of Beijing or New Delhi or Mexico City: If there’s a smog-laden sky (and there usually is), all that dust blotting out the sun is there because of this story I’m going to tell.

It begins, appropriately enough, in an ancient forest …"

[See also:
"How Fungi Saved the World"
http://feedthedatamonster.com/home/2014/7/11/how-fungi-saved-the-world

"This was the one and only time in the last 300 million years that the wood-rotting ability evolved. All the fungi today that can digest wood (and a few that can't) are the descendants of that enterprising fungus. Its strategy may have been inelegant, but wood decay played a crucial role in reversing the loss of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and bringing about the end of the Carboniferous period.

What would have happened if white rot fungi had never evolved? We can only speculate, but it's possible the world of today would look a lot like the world at the end of the Carboniferous period – cooler, high in oxygen, and with a denser atmosphere. Dragonflies with foot-and-a-half wingspans might still roam the forests, but the plant life might still be primeval, stifled by the lower carbon dioxide concentrations. Many a homeowner may disagree, but we're lucky wood-rotting fungi evolved. "]

[via:
http://interconnected.org/home/2018/01/02/filtered

"For 40 million years, trees were not biodegradable.

<blockquote>430 million years before present, the first vascular plants emerged from early tide pools. In order to stay upright, these plants employed cellulose, a chain of simple sugars ... it was easy to make and offered rigid yet flexible support</blockquote>

This is from How Fungi Saved the World.

90 million years later, heralding the Carboniferous period,

<blockquote>plants developed a new kind of support material, called lignin. Lignin was an improvement development over cellulose in several ways: it was harder, more rigid, and, being more complex, almost impossible to digest, which made it ideal for protecting cellulose. With lignin, plants could make wood, and it lead to the first treelike growth form.</blockquote>

But lignin made the lycopod trees a little too successful. Because their leaves were lofted above many herbivores and their trunks were made inedible by lignin, lycopods were virtually impervious to harm.

Dead trees piled up without decomposing. Compacted by weight, they turned to peat and then to coal. 90% of all today's coal is from this period.

Wood pollution lasted 40 million years.

<blockquote>Finally, however, a fungus belonging to the class Agaricomycetes - making it a distant cousin of button mushrooms - did find a crude way to break down lignin. Rather than devise an enzyme to unstitch the lignin molecule, however, it was forced to adapt a more direct strategy. Using a class of enyzmes called peroxidases, the fungus bombarded the wood with highly reactive oxygen molecules, in much the same way one might untie a knot using a flamethrower. This strategy reduced the wood to a carbohydrate-rich slurry from which the fungus could slurp up the edible cellulose.</blockquote>

Which leads me to think:

There's a ton of plastic in the ocean. Why not engineer a fungus to rot it? Having this magical material that lasts forever is absurd. This is a controversial idea I admit. But although I agree that we need to reduce plastic pollution (via social change and by regulatory intervention), cybernetics tells me that's a fragile solution. Homeostasis is to be found in a ecosystem of checks and balances: instead of eternal plastic, we need plastic plus a plastic-rotting fungus plus an effective-but-hard-to-apply fungicide. Then balance can be found."]]></description>
<dc:subject>2016 coal plants trees fungi science evolution classideas decomposition srg naturalhistory plastic</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/maps-of-american-infrastrucure/">
    <title>Six maps that show the anatomy of America’s vast infrastructure - Washington Post</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-24T18:31:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/maps-of-american-infrastrucure/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The maps you are about to see show the massive scope of America’s infrastructure using data from OpenStreetMap and various government sources. They provide a glimpse into where that half-trillion dollars may be invested."]]></description>
<dc:subject>maps mapping infrastructure us visualization 2016 electricgrid electricity energy coal naturalgas hydropower wind windenergy bridges pipelines rail railroads airports ports waterways osm openstreetmap railways trains</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.ted.com/talks/dame_ellen_macarthur_the_surprising_thing_i_learned_sailing_solo_around_the_world?language=en#t-18518">
    <title>Dame Ellen MacArthur: The surprising thing I learned sailing solo around the world | TED Talk | TED.com</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-26T07:32:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ted.com/talks/dame_ellen_macarthur_the_surprising_thing_i_learned_sailing_solo_around_the_world?language=en#t-18518</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["What do you learn when you sail around the world on your own? When solo sailor Ellen MacArthur circled the globe – carrying everything she needed with her – she came back with new insight into the way the world works, as a place of interlocking cycles and finite resources, where the decisions we make today affect what's left for tomorrow. She proposes a bold new way to see the world's economic systems: not as linear, but as circular, where everything comes around."]]></description>
<dc:subject>ellenmacarthur economics systems systemsthinking 2015 sustainability coal cycles recycling</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/matter/it-s-not-climate-change-it-s-everything-change-8fd9aa671804">
    <title>It’s Not Climate Change — It’s Everything Change — Matter — Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-31T18:20:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/matter/it-s-not-climate-change-it-s-everything-change-8fd9aa671804</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Two writers have recently contributed some theorizing about overall social and energy systems and the way they function that may be helpful to us in our slowly unfolding crisis. One is from art historian and energetic social thinker Barry Lord; it’s called Art and Energy (AAM Press). Briefly, Lord’s thesis is that the kind of art a society makes and values is joined at the hip with the kind of energy that society depends on to keep itself going. He traces the various forms of energy we have known as a species throughout our pre-history — our millennia spent in the Pleistocene — and in our recorded history — sexual energy, without which societies can’t continue; the energy of the body while hunting and foraging; wood for fire; slaves; wind and water; coal; oil; and “renewables” — and makes some cogent observations about their relationship to art and culture. In his Prologue, he says:

<blockquote>Everyone knows that all life requires energy. But we rarely consider how dependent art and culture are on the energy that is needed to produce, practice and sustain them. What we fail to see are the usually invisible sources of energy that make our art and culture(s) possible and bring with them fundamental values that we are all constrained to live with (whether we approve of them or not). Coal brought one set of values to all industrialized countries; oil brought a very different set… I may not approve of the culture of consumption that comes with oil… but I must use [it] if I want to do anything at all.</blockquote>

Those living within an energy system, says Lord, may disapprove of certain features, but they can’t question the system itself. Within the culture of slavery, which lasted at least 5,000 years, nobody wanted to be a slave, but nobody said slavery should be abolished, because what else could keep things going?

Coal, says Lord, produced a culture of production: think about those giant steel mills. Oil and gas, once they were up and running, fostered a culture of consumption. Lord cites “the widespread belief of the 1950s and early ’60s in the possibility of continuing indefinitely with unlimited abundance and economic growth, contrasted with the widespread agreement today that both that assumption and the world it predicts are unsustainable.” We’re in a transition phase, he says: the next culture will be a culture of “stewardship,” the energy driving it will be renewables, and the art it produces will be quite different from the art favored by production and consumption cultures.

What are the implications for the way we view both ourselves and the way we live? In brief: in the coal energy culture — a culture of workers and production — you are your job. “I am what I make.” In an oil and gas energy culture — a culture of consumption — you are your possessions. “I am what I buy.” But in a renewable energy culture, you are what you conserve. “I am what I save and protect.” We aren’t used to thinking like this, because we can’t see where the money will come from. But in a culture of renewables, money will not be the only measure of wealth. Well-being will factor as an economic positive, too.

The second book I’ll mention is by anthropologist, classical scholar, and social thinker Ian Morris, whose book, Foragers, Farmers, and Fossil Fuels: How Human Values Evolve, has just appeared from Princeton University Press. Like Barry Lord, Morris is interested in the link between energy-capture systems and the cultural values associated with them, though in his case it’s the moral values, not only the aesthetic ones — supposing these can be separated — that concern him. Roughly, his argument runs that each form of energy capture favors values that maximize the chance of survival for those using both that energy system and that package of moral values. Hunter-gatherers show more social egalitarianism, wealth-sharing, and more gender equality than do farmer societies, which subordinate women — men are favored, as they must do the upper-body-strength heavy lifting — tend to practice some form of slavery, and support social hierarchies, with peasants at the low end and kings, religious leaders, and army commanders at the high end. Fossil fuel societies start leveling out gender inequalities — you don’t need upper body strength to operate keyboards or push machine buttons — and also social distinctions, though they retain differences in wealth.

The second part of his argument is more pertinent to our subject, for he postulates that each form of energy capture must hit a “hard ceiling,” past which expansion is impossible; people must either die out or convert to a new system and a new set of values, often after a “great collapse” that has involved the same five factors: uncontrolled migration, state failure, food shortages, epidemic disease, and “always in the mix, though contributing in unpredictable ways–- climate change.” Thus, for hunting societies, their way of life is over once there are no longer enough large animals to sustain their numbers. For farmers, arable land is a limiting factor. The five factors of doom combine and augment one another, and people in those periods have a thoroughly miserable time of it, until new societies arise that utilize some not yet exhausted form of energy capture.

And for those who use fossil fuels as their main energy source — that would be us, now — is there also a hard ceiling? Morris says there is. We can’t keep pouring carbon into the air — nearly 40 billion tons of CO2 in 2013 alone — without the consequences being somewhere between “terrible and catastrophic.” Past collapses have been grim, he says, but the possibilities for the next big collapse are much grimmer.

We are all joined together globally in ways we have never been joined before, so if we fail, we all fail together: we have “just one chance to get it right.” This is not the way we will inevitably go, says he, though it is the way we will inevitably go unless we choose to invent and follow some less hazardous road.

But even if we sidestep the big collapse and keep on expanding at our present rate, we will become so numerous and ubiquitous and densely packed that we will transform both ourselves and our planet in ways we can’t begin to imagine. “The 21st century, he says, “shows signs of producing shifts in energy capture and social organization that dwarf anything seen since the evolution of modern humans.”"]]></description>
<dc:subject>climate climatechange culture art society margaretatwood 2015 cli-fi sciefi speculativefiction designfiction capitalism consumerism consumption energy fossilfuels canon barrylord coal anthropology change changemaking adaptation resilience ianmorris future history industrialization egalitarianism collapse humans biodiversity agriculture emissions environment sustainability stewardship renewableenergy making production makers materialism evolution values gender inequality migration food transitions hunter-gatherers</dc:subject>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:evolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:values"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:gender"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:migration"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:food"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:transitions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:hunter-gatherers"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/obama-and-climate-change-the-real-story-20131217?print=true">
    <title>Obama and Climate Change: The Real Story | Politics News | Rolling Stone</title>
    <dc:date>2014-01-02T18:58:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/obama-and-climate-change-the-real-story-20131217?print=true</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If you want to understand how people will remember the Obama climate legacy, a few facts tell the tale: By the time Obama leaves office, the U.S. will pass Saudi Arabia as the planet's biggest oil producer and Russia as the world's biggest producer of oil and gas combined. In the same years, even as we've begun to burn less coal at home, our coal exports have climbed to record highs. We are, despite slight declines in our domestic emissions, a global-warming machine: At the moment when physics tell us we should be jamming on the carbon brakes, America is revving the engine."

[via: http://ayjay.tumblr.com/post/71846531064/if-you-want-to-understand-how-people-will-remember ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>barackobama policy climatechange billmckibben 2013 fossilfuels fracking us carbonemissions coal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:3fe642b3b442/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:policy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:climatechange"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:billmckibben"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2013"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:fossilfuels"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:fracking"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:us"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:carbonemissions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coal"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.poweringanation.org/">
    <title>Powering A Nation.org</title>
    <dc:date>2013-10-03T16:59:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.poweringanation.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Our 2013 Fellows present a Powering a Nation special report, “Over Water Under Fire.”

The interactive documentary, "Over Water Under Fire," combines a video narrative with motion graphics and text to present the Colorado River as a living timeline of our nation's innovations and exploitations with water as the river's uncertain future echoes the precarious state of water resources in this country. The graphics and text pieces will focus on how humans have physically altered the environment along the river in response to limited water resources, how the river has responded to those changes and what choices the country will have to make in the future.

The narrative arc is integrated with a video story on Special Ops veterans who come back from battle zones with PTSD and take a river trip called "Warriors on Cataract" as a means of therapy. These veterans emphasize the human connection to water resources and subtly echo the theme of U.S. resource allocation."

[See also: http://www.poweringanation.org/water2013/ ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>activism climate coal energy water veterans storytelling interactivefilm interactive ptsd interactivedocumentary documentary climatechange us rivers 2013 coloradoriver</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:ce171ef4831c/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coal"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:energy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:water"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:veterans"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:storytelling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:interactivefilm"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:interactive"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:ptsd"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:interactivedocumentary"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:documentary"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:climatechange"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:us"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:rivers"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:2013"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coloradoriver"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.honkytonk.fr/index.php/webdoc/">
    <title>Honkytonk Films – Online screening: Journey To The End Of Coal</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-22T20:25:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.honkytonk.fr/index.php/webdoc/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: http://nofilmschool.com/2012/02/advice-creating-transmedia-documentary/ via Thomas Steele-Maley]

[Made with Klynt: http://www.klynt.net/ ]

[Related Bear 71: http://bear71.nfb.ca ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>klynt cyoa interactivedocumentary filmmaking photography interactive journalism multimedia video documentary coal china fiction if interactivefiction</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:63fccd428b2d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:klynt"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:cyoa"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:interactivedocumentary"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:filmmaking"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:photography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:interactive"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:documentary"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coal"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:china"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:fiction"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:if"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:interactivefiction"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://blog.wired.com/sterling/2008/05/industrial-stre.html">
    <title>Industrial strength Google solar | Beyond the Beyond from Wired.com</title>
    <dc:date>2008-05-25T15:56:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://blog.wired.com/sterling/2008/05/industrial-stre.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["There must be any number of rich and evil people who own seaside mansions and could hire a global-guerrilla gang to blow up coal plants with truck bombs. You could probably leverage that activity in the markets and make a whole lot of money. Very "Shadow
]]></description>
<dc:subject>brucesterling energy coal solar future futurism google</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/b:5a4e5ed982a6/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:brucesterling"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:energy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:coal"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:solar"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:future"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:futurism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:robertogreco/t:google"/>
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</item>
</rdf:RDF>