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    <title>My University Students Cheat. I Don’t Blame Them. - Macleans.ca</title>
    <dc:date>2026-07-02T02:26:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://macleans.ca/society/my-university-students-cheat-i-dont-blame-them/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Marks reward cheating over learning—and students can’t afford to fail"

...

"Last semester, on the final exam of the health-care law class I teach, my students scored the highest grades I’ve seen in 20 years as an instructor. It was an at-home, closed-book exam. Eight per cent of the class scored perfect on the multiple-choice section, and over half scored over 90. In the long-answer section, the responses were formulaic, typo-free and detached from the course material; they lacked the telltale signs of rushed exam writing. It was clear my students were using AI to cheat.

After the exam, I gave the class an anonymous, informal poll: I asked how many of them were cheating. Of those who responded, eight per cent admitted to it. How many students did they think were cheating? Over a quarter of respondents indicated they knew other students had cheated on the exam, and 73 per cent indicated they knew of students cheating in other classes. And that doesn’t account for the response bias: just under half the class responded to the poll, and I suspect those who didn’t respond were more likely to have cheated. I decided to annul the exam results, not counting them toward final grades.

I’ve spent my whole life in academia, first in theology, then in law. I know cheating has always been around. But I’m deeply alarmed by the idea that students are cheating en masse. There’s a whole online ecosystem for cheating: forums to share advice on circumventing AI detectors and proctor technology; software for humanizing AI-generated writing; tips for using AI to reduce (or eliminate) workload. Cheating is becoming culturally normalized. Two thirds of the people who responded to my survey agreed that students widely perceive cheating as acceptable. I’m not surprised. Think about what this generation has witnessed: the mortgage crisis driven by corrupt bankers, an American president who cheats and lies and is still elected; lawyers using AI to write for them and lying about it, a sporting world full of doping scandals. Students are repeating what we’ve modelled for them.

In the past few years, the way young people value their education has shifted. Universities are increasingly corporatized. They function as businesses, oriented toward maximizing revenue: professors are rewarded for grants and publications rather than leadership or mentorship, and students are reduced to head counts and tuition dollars. In turn, students behave like customers. It’s a fee for service: they pay their tuition and expect good grades and a degree. Learning becomes superfluous.

When I was studying the humanities, my classmates and I were concerned with ideas and arguments. We were reading course material to understand it, not to get a mark. Now, grades have become the sole currency of academic life. Students frequently email me asking outright for a higher grade, sometimes literally seconds after they receive it. They all want a 90 or higher. Marks are inflated across the board. At Ontario high schools, there was a six per cent increase in grade averages for graduating students between 2011 and 2021. I’ve seen 100 per cent averages on scholarship applications. Some schools are implementing policies to try to curb the inflation—including Harvard, which just put a cap on the number of As assigned in each undergraduate course.

Students know an undergraduate degree doesn’t automatically land a well-paying job—or any job, for that matter—so they’re vying for acceptance to highly competitive postgraduate programs. There’s an enormous financial imperative to succeed academically, and students tell me that if you don’t cheat, you’re at a disadvantage. I went to university on my own dollar; my parents couldn’t afford to support me. I only paid off my undergraduate student loans last year, at 45 years old. For students today, the debts are even worse. They’re pushed to maximize productivity and output, racking up accolades and resumé entries while maintaining previously unattainable averages.

At the same time, cheating has become more accessible than ever thanks to AI. I see students using generative AI in all aspects of their work: summarizing the readings, research, note-taking, essay writing. Not all AI usage is cheating by default, and in some ways, it’s even levelling the playing field by making the same shortcuts available to everyone. When I was in law school, you could purchase CANS—consolidated annotated notes—from previous years as study aids. But they were expensive. Resources like CANS and tutors were reserved for students who could afford them. For the rest of us, AI could have been a free alternative. The problems arise when students use AI despite instructions not to, as was the case with my exam.

My options as an educator are limited. I’m exploring different grading schemas, but all of them require more resources than are made available to me. I could have one in-person exam worth 100 per cent of the course grade and put all my TA hours toward grading it. I could rely on oral exams, which would take weeks out of the semester to schedule and administer. One professor I know tried to introduce a participation grade in a class with hundreds of students. Students could scan a QR code to register their attendance. They would show up, talk until they got the code, then walk out.

Ultimately, this reveals the failures of an antiquated grading system. Our standard modes of assessment primarily track recall and memorization, not engagement or progress. One semester, I had a student who had some challenges with her grammar and syntax. We worked on her writing together throughout the semester, and it was a successful learning experience. Another student that semester had a flair for well-crafted drivel. I couldn’t give the first student an A-plus—her end product couldn’t justify it. But who put more work in? Who learned the most? The people with the highest grades are not necessarily my best or hardest-working students. They may just have the most free time, money, educational support or family backing. Some schools are attuned to this tension and adapting accordingly. The U of T law school, for example, uses an honours-pass-fail grading system. If we reimagined grading to assess skills that can’t be replicated by ChatGPT, students wouldn’t use it. As it is, marks are a perverse incentive—they reward cheating over learning.

My colleagues and I feel completely unsupported by the school administration. Publishing requirements are going up, and class sizes are ballooning. We have less faculty doing more work with less support, meaning there’s less time to build relationships with students. When I annulled the exam results, I told the administration that I need substantive guidance on how to run a class this large because I can no longer reliably mark it. They didn’t have a useful policy in place to address my concerns. Instead, they overrode my decision. Against my recommendations, they included the multiple-choice portion of the exam in the final grade—despite knowing that I called out cheating in this section. Their decision sent a singular message: cheating is fine and faculty has to accept it. This is anathema to the goals of education.

I’ve been told I should just use anti-cheating technology, like online proctors or AI detectors. I don’t use either in my classes. For one, they can easily be circumvented. More importantly, you can’t police people into having integrity. Instead, I try to impart to my students the reasons why cheating is morally wrong. The first question on my exam was about the deontological duty not to cheat. It was something we’d discussed at length throughout the semester. Within this ethical framework, relationships give rise to duties—the health-care provider to the patient or the lawyer to the client—and the rightness of your actions depends on how they align with those duties. Students have a duty not to cheat. It should be that simple. Anti-cheating technology can’t teach them that, and we can’t expect that students who lack integrity in school will spontaneously develop it in order to meet their professional obligations after they graduate.

Academic integrity needs to be taught starting on day one at every level of education. Every university student should have to take an ethics course in their first year, no matter their major. And there needs to be accountability when there are breaches. Administrators need to support their faculty, not railroad them. Colleagues have shared with me that even when students have been caught cheating, no penalty was imposed. Cheating is a product of the society we’ve created. It’s learned behaviour—and that means, with enough work, it can be unlearned."]]></description>
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    <title>The Right Tool for the Right Hands - by Andrew Cantarutti</title>
    <dc:date>2026-06-05T09:33:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://walledgardenedu.substack.com/p/the-right-tool-for-the-right-hands</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Why the Same Tool Can Help a Teacher and Harm a Student"

[via:
https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/at-what-cost/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://theamericanvandal.substack.com/p/afteropenai?triedRedirect=true">
    <title>After OpenAI (Vandal Live at Wake Forest Humanities Institute)</title>
    <dc:date>2026-05-14T04:33:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theamericanvandal.substack.com/p/afteropenai?triedRedirect=true</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Apple Podcasts | Spotify

As part of the Spring Symposium at the Wake Forest Humanities Institute, Matt Seybold discusses the present and future of AI speculation, including an extended discussion with Wake Forest faculty, many who were part of WFHI’s Interdisciplinary Faculty Seminar on Language, Theory, & Artificial Intelligence.

Cast (in order of appearance): Jennifer Greiman, Matt Seybold, Derek Lee, Michaela Appeltova, Nisrine Rahal, Barry Trachtenberg, Jeff Bills-Solomon, Dean Franco, Amanda Gengler

Featured Guests

Jennifer Greiman is Professor of English at Wake Forest University and Director of The Humanities Institute there.

Matt Seybold is Associate Professor of American Literature & Mark Twain Studies at Elmira College, as well as resident scholar at the Center For Mark Twain Studies and executive producer of The American Vandal Podcast.

Episode Bibliography

Emily Bender & Alex Hanna, The AI Con (HarperCollins, 2025)

Emily Bender, Timnit Gebru, et al. “On The Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?” FAccT 2021

Tressie McMillan Cottom, “The Tech Fantasy That Powers AI is Running on Fumes” The New York Times (April 29, 2025)

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Virginia Dignum, The AI Paradox: How To Make Sense of a Complex Future (Princeton UP, 2026)

Ronan Farrow & Andrew Marantz, “Moment of Truth” The New Yorker (April 13, 2026)

Karen Hao, Empire of AI: Dreams & Nigthmares in Sam Altman’s Open AI (Penguin Random House, 2026)

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Matthew Kirschenbaum, “Grok is an Epistemic Weapon” Tech Policy Press (January 13, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum, “Texpocalypse Now: AI and The New Political Economy of Writing” PennAI (April 17, 2026)

Matthew Kirschenbaum & Rita Raley, “AI & The University as a Service” PMLA (May 2024)

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Britt S. Paris, Radical Infrastructure: Imagining The Internet From The Ground Up (U. California, 2026)

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Ann Pettifor, “Is the next financial crisis only a matter of time?” De Balie (February 16, 2026)

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Matt Seybold & John Warner, “The Technology That’s Taking Your Freedom” Academic Freedom On The Line (February 3, 2026)

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McKenzie Wark, Capital Is Dead: Is This Something Worse? (Verso, 2019)"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.frontporchrepublic.com/2026/02/dont-call-it-a-comeback/">
    <title>Don’t Call it a Comeback - Front Porch Republic</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-05T21:32:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.frontporchrepublic.com/2026/02/dont-call-it-a-comeback/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We may ask ourselves how we can defend academic integrity from AI, but we should first ask how we became so vulnerable to AI in academia."]]></description>
<dc:subject>elizabethstice ai artificialintelligence academia pedagogy highered highereducation education teaching howweteach learning howwelearn colleges universities covid-19 pandemic coronavirus cheating assessment testing standardizedtesting online internet web joshuatravis innovation edtech technology chromebooks rodenyscott ferranadrià bluebooks policy</dc:subject>
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    <title>Email from one of my … | Alan Jacobs</title>
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    <link>https://social.ayjay.org/2025/12/16/email-from-one-of-my.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Email from one of my best students accompanying a final paper: “While I always want my final papers for classes to be the culmination of all my learning, in truth, they usually end up being the worst work of the semester. I always find out what I really wanted to say once the break starts as I learn what it feels like to be a thinker and not just a harried, hunted animal.”"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://yaschamounk.substack.com/p/the-world-happiness-report-is-a-sham">
    <title>The World Happiness Report Is a Sham - Yascha Mounk</title>
    <dc:date>2025-12-16T07:07:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://yaschamounk.substack.com/p/the-world-happiness-report-is-a-sham</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Today is World Happiness Day. So, like every year on March 20th, you are likely to see a lot of headlines reporting on the publication of the annual World Happiness Report. “Finland is again ranked the happiest country in the world [while] the US falls to its lowest-ever position,” a headline in the Associated Press ran this morning. Forbes even got philosophical, promising “5 Life Lessons From Finland, Once Again the World’s Happiest Country.”

Published by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network and the Wellbeing Research Centre at Oxford University, the basic message of the report has remained the same since its launch in 2012. The happiest countries in the world are in Scandinavia; this year, Finland is followed by Denmark, Iceland and Sweden. America, despite being one of the richest large countries in the world, persistently underperforms: this year, the United States only comes in 24th out of the 147 countries covered in the report, placing it behind much poorer countries like Lithuania and Costa Rica.

I have to admit that I have been skeptical about this ranking ever since I first came across it. Because I have family in both Sweden and Denmark, I have spent a good amount of time in Scandinavia. And while Scandinavian countries have a lot of great things going for them, they never struck me as pictures of joy. For much of the year, they are cold and dark. Their cultures are extremely reserved and socially disjointed. When you walk around the—admittedly beautiful—centers of Copenhagen or Stockholm, you rarely see anybody smile. Could these really be the happiest places in the whole wide world?

So, to honor World Happiness Day, I finally decided to follow my hunch, and look into the research on this topic more deeply. What I found was worse than I’d imagined. To put it politely, the World Happiness Report is beset with methodological problems. To put it bluntly, it is a sham.

***

News reports about the World Happiness Report usually give the impression that it is based on a major research effort. Noting that the report is “compiled annually by a consortium of groups including the United Nations and Gallup,” for example, an article about last year’s iteration in the New York Times warned darkly that “the United States fell out of the Top 20” without a hint of skepticism about the reliability of such a finding.

***

In light of such confident pronouncements, and the absence of any critical voices in most of these news stories, you might be forgiven for thinking that the report carefully assesses how happy each country in the world is according to a sophisticated methodology, one that likely involves both subjective and objective criteria. But upon closer examination, it turns out that the World Happiness Report is not based on any major research effort; far from measuring how happy people are with some sophisticated mix of indicators, it simply compiles answers to a single question asked to comparatively small samples of people in each country:

<blockquote>“Please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from zero at the bottom to ten at the top. Suppose we say that the top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you. If the top step is 10 and the bottom step is 0, on which step of the ladder do you feel you personally stand at the present time?”</blockquote>

The obvious problem with this question, commonly known as the Cantril Ladder, is that it doesn’t really ask about happiness at all. We know from many surveys that people tend to give very different answers to questions about what makes them satisfied with their life and to questions about whether they are feeling good in the moment. Having children, for example, tends to raise parents’ assessment of how meaningful their life is; but notably it does not make them report higher levels of happiness at any particular moment, including when they are spending time with their kids. At most, a ranking based purely on the Cantril Ladder could therefore give us something called a World Self-Reported Life Satisfaction Report—and it’s easy to see why such an honest title wouldn’t entice many journalists to write about it.

The less obvious problem with the Cantril Ladder is that it does not even do a good job of measuring respondents’ satisfaction with their own lives. When one set of researchers asked over a thousand survey respondents in the United Kingdom what they took the question to be getting at, the most commonly mentioned responses included “wealth,” “rich” and “successful.” As August Nilsson and his colleagues painstakingly demonstrate, some of the specific language in the question—such as the metaphor of the ladder and its emphasis on the “top” as well as the “bottom step”—primes respondents to think about social hierarchies. Their conclusion is sobering: “The Cantril Ladder is arguably the most prominent measure of well-being, but the results suggest caution in its interpretation—the Cantril Ladder’s structure appears to influence participants to attend to a more power- and wealth-oriented view of well-being.”

But perhaps the biggest problem with the World Happiness Report is that metrics of self-reported life satisfaction don’t seem to correlate particularly well with other kinds of things we clearly care about when we talk about happiness. At a minimum, you would expect the happiest countries in the world to have some of the lowest incidences of adverse mental health outcomes. But it turns out that the residents of the same Scandinavian countries that the press dutifully celebrates for their supposed happiness are especially likely to take antidepressants or even to commit suicide. While Finland and Sweden consistently rank at the top of the happiness league table, for example, both countries have also persistently experienced some of the highest suicide rates in the European Union, ranking in the top five EU countries according to one recent statistic.

It turns out that my hunch is born out by the data. Scandinavia doesn’t just seem a lot less happy than headlines suggest each year; if you look at a variety of metrics that have at least as much connection to a layperson’s understanding of happiness as the single metric used by the World Happiness Report, countries like Finland don’t do especially well.

***

Two distinguished economists, Danny Blanchflower and Alex Bryson, set out in a recent paper to discover what would happen to the world happiness rankings if they looked at a broader range of indicators—and what they found is a totally different picture.

Instead of relying on a single metric of life satisfaction, Blanchflower and Bryson consider eight survey questions which have widely been asked in different countries around the world. The first four of these questions measure different dimensions of positive affect. They are based on asking whether respondents experienced enjoyment yesterday; whether they smiled or laughed a lot; and whether they felt well-rested. (Their measure of positive affect also incorporates answers to the Cantril Ladder.)

The next four questions used by Blanchflower and Bryson measure different dimensions of negative affect. They ask respondents such questions as whether or not they experienced sadness yesterday; whether they worried during a lot of the day; whether they experienced anger; and whether they were in physical pain.

What Blanchflower and Bryson found is striking. Responses to the Cantril Ladder barely seem to correlate with expressions of either positive or negative affect. Denmark, for example, came top of their ranking on the Cantril Ladder. But, like most other Scandinavian countries, Denmark did much worse on both metrics of positive affect such as how likely respondents had been to smile or laugh a lot the previous day (111th out of 164 countries) and on metrics of negative affect such as whether they had worried a lot (93rd out of 164.)1

As a result, the overall ranking constructed by Blanchflower and Bryson looks totally different to the more famous version published by the UN. Finland, for example, falls to 51st place.2 Conversely, countries like Japan, Panama and Thailand, none of which do especially well on the official ranking by the UN, suddenly appear a lot happier; all of them are ranked above Finland and other supposed top performers.

Another surprise suggests that the story about happiness in the United States is not nearly as bleak as is usually suggested. For it turns out that happiness varies widely across America—and some parts of the country are seemingly the happiest in the world.

Once you break the United States into its component states, it becomes clear that parts of the country really are doing quite badly. Residents of West Virginia, for example, ranked 101st out of 215 countries and states, making them about as happy as those in much poorer places like Sri Lanka and Mauritania. But residents of other U.S. states are, according to the ranking constructed by Blanchflower and Bryson, among the happiest in the world. Seven of them—Hawaii, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas—are at the very top of the list, meaning that their residents are happier than those of the happiest country in the world (which turns out to be Taiwan, located in East Asia rather than Northern Europe). All in all, the residents of 34 U.S. states, plus those of the District of Columbia, have higher average levels of happiness than do the Fins.

***

In a culture obsessed with happiness and wellness, there will always be huge demand for content that sells readers on the one great hack for how to improve their lives. Want to live to a ripe old age? Eat like the residents of “blue zones” such as Sardinia or Okinawa. Want to be happy even though you’re not rich? Move to Bhutan, a country often portrayed as having figured out the key to happiness because the government announced in 2008 that it would henceforth be focusing on growing its “Gross Happiness Index.”

But that one great hack for how to improve your life nearly always turns out to be a sham. The residents of blue zones aren’t especially likely to live long because of their unique diets; more likely, blue zones are distinguished by poor record-keeping, leading to an abnormally high number of people defrauding the government by overstating their own age or continuing to collect pension checks for deceased relatives. Similarly, the government of Bhutan may talk a big game about prioritizing happiness over economic growth; but in reality, it doesn’t do particularly well in either the World Happiness Report or on Blanchflower and Bryson’s alternative metric—and the steady flow of people leaving Bhutan appear to believe that they could lead much happier lives elsewhere.

This suggests that, for all of the evident shortcomings of a purely economistic mindset, attempts to abandon tried-and-tested metrics like GDP for new-fangled indicators like happiness rankings may do more harm than good. After all, it remains extremely hard to measure happiness—and even if we could somehow come up with a reliable metric, we’d have precious little idea about what government policies could actually boost this outcome.

More broadly, supposedly serious news outlets still have a long way to go in subjecting publicity exercises like the World Happiness Report to appropriate journalistic scrutiny. It is easy to see why editors are tempted to assign some beat reporter without expertise in the social sciences to write up a fun little story about how much happier those enlightened Scandinavians are compared to benighted Americans. But if the media wants to live up to its self-appointed role as a gatekeeper of reliable information, it can’t continue to be complicit in the spread of such shoddy clickbait.

Over the last years, media outlets like the New York Times, universities like Oxford, and international institutions like the UN have devoted themselves to the fight against so-called “misinformation.” It is certainly true that our political discourse is awash with dangerous distortions and outright lies. But any institution which wishes to address that problem must start by looking into the mirror—and cease spreading “elite misinformation” like the World Happiness Report."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/more-workslop-for-mother/">
    <title>More Workslop for Mother</title>
    <dc:date>2025-09-26T16:07:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/more-workslop-for-mother/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Brian Merchant's assertion that "The Luddite Renaissance is in full swing," The Jacobin's claim that "The AI Revolution Might Be Running Out of Steam" – these feel a bit too optimistic perhaps, particularly if you're one of many educators who's been compelled these past few weeks/months to sit in back-to-school training sessions in which administrators crow about whatever "AI" product they purchased last spring: how it's poised to allow you to "do more" [unspoken: with less]. "AI" as counseling. "AI" as advising. "AI" as tutoring. "AI" as grading. "AI" as curriculum development. "AI" as reporter. "AI" as researcher. "AI" in the LMS. "AI" in test proctoring. "AI" everywhere, whether you like it or not.

"AI will save you so much time," management insists, with this as with every new piece of hardware and software they force workers to use, never ever admitting their own complicity in why everyone is so overworked in the first place. Instead – and we all know this in our guts – they're going leverage "AI" to threaten and to eliminate jobs, to refuse to hire replacements, to diminish everyone's creativity and autonomy, to lower everyone's standard of living except – oh, interesting – their own. (Echoes of Marc Andreessen here, who's certain that "AI" could never replace venture capitalists.)

But maybe "AI" is finally finally finally running out of steam. Maybe as n+1 writes (in a little nod to Thomas Pynchon's 1984 essay so it has been a long time coming), "It's okay to be a Luddite!"

(It is! It is!)

The tenor of a lot of reporting about "AI" has, no doubt, shifted. It shifted with the flop of ChatGPT 5. It shifted with the NYT story on Adam Raine's suicide. It shifted with the MIT study that found 95% of AI pilots fail. Oh sure, there are still those who try to keep cheerleading – The Wall Street Journal, for example, says "Stop Worrying About AI’s Return on Investment." And there are those who signed multi-million-dollar deals with OpenAI and Anthropic and Google earlier this year who really don't want to look like they were duped (not to mention those who've staked new careers and new identities on some glorious "AI" future, who probably don't want to look like they were part of a con).

But the emporer, as that little boy in Hans Christian Andersen's story pointed out, wears no clothes.

"AI ‘Workslop’ Is Killing Productivity and Making Workers Miserable," 404 Media reported this week, pointing to a handful of the recent articles – journalistic, academic, and otherwise – that reaffirm what many of us already knew: this stuff sucks, and those who keep asserting that it's amazing are probably not the people who have to go back and clean up all the mistakes and finesse all the banal verbosity that's been "generated" by a chatbot.

"Workslop" is a great little neologism, and it feels like it can easily be applied to education – not just to the "AI"-generated essays, but to the "AI"-generated textbooks and tests and curriculum and handouts. The researchers/consultants who coined the term define "workslop" as "AI generated work content that masquerades as good work, but lacks the substance to meaningfully advance a given task." The assignment is complete; and yet nothing has been done, nothing has been taught, nothing has been learned. Workslop "shifts the burden of the work downstream," they write, "requiring the receiver to interpret, correct, or redo the work. In other words, it transfers the effort from creator to receiver."

More Work for Mother – first published forty years ago – remains as relevant as ever, particularly as "AI" colonizes work and leisure, the job and the home. I think I saw Tressie McMillan Cottom post something on social media a while ago, something like "men use AI to do less work, and women use AI to do more." Which tracks. And it tracks in education too where the "downstream" the authors above point to involves the kind of care work, the kind of group work, the kind of emotional and relational work, that has never been valued but that is absolutely necessary for the generous reading and listening that teachers and students must do together.

The San Francisco Standard's Ezra Wallach reported on the opening of an Alpha School in the city. Sigh, you know: Mackenzie Price's "2 hour learning" private school hustle: "It’s the city’s new most expensive private school — and AI is the teacher." I'm quoted calling the whole thing "snake oil," which makes me extraordinarily happy. Sorry not sorry.

I told Wallach that this push for "personalized learning" – everyone's just rebranded this as "AI" now – is no damn good as it disrupts this relational, reciprocal aspect to learning. When we isolate everyone on a screen, via an algorithm, and pretend the primary values in education are efficiency, optimization, and "individualization," then we lose all sense of community, all sense of responsibility to one another. And that is how we learn – in relationships with people, their words, their ideas, their embodied selves.

"AI" is damaging and dangerous because it is profoundly anti-democratic – this concerted effort to undermine public education is just one part of it. The "AI" industry is firmly committed to centralizing control of information – control of creativity, decision-making, work, health, prediction, policing, teaching, learning (that is, ostensibly, everything). And centralizing control in the hands of a bunch of villains, monsters, dickheads, dumbasses to boot – one of whom is openly toying with the idea of being the Antichrist.

And yeah, these fellows have plans for schools (although, if it's at all reassuring, they've been working on these plans since at least 1970 and have never get very far because they're losers and nobody likes them)."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yutori_education">
    <title>Yutori education - Wikipedia</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-12T17:42:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yutori_education</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Yutori education (ゆとり教育, yutori-kyōiku) is a Japanese education policy which reduces the hours and the content of the curriculum in primary education. In 2016, the mass media in Japan used this phrase to criticize drops in scholastic ability.[1]

Background

In education in Japan, primary education is prescribed by Japanese curriculum guidelines (学習指導要領 gakushū shidō yōryō). Since the 1970s, the Japanese government has gradually reduced the amount of class time and the contents given in the guideline, and this tendency is called yutori education. However, in recent years, notably after the 2011 earthquake, this has been a controversial issue.[how?]

Yutori education may be translated as "relaxed education" or "education free from pressure",[2] stemming from the word ゆとり, yutori, 'leeway'."

[See also:
https://ikigaitribe.com/blogpost/yutori-room-in-your-mind/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYqeL-4GG6Q">
    <title>The War on Kids and Student Resistance: An interview with author and filmmaker Cevin Soling. - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-11T21:26:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYqeL-4GG6Q</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Cevin Soling is critical of compulsory schooling for many reasons that he documents in his film The War on Kids. He also provides action-oriented ideas in his book The Student Resistance Handbook. We talk about why school takes up more and more of children's time while producing less and less knowledge, self-awareness, and social connection for students.

PLEASE NOTE:
The Student Resistance Handbook and The War on Kids are available from www.spectaclefilms.com.

The War on Kids can also be streamed on Amazon.

Raised to Obey: The Rise and Spread of Mass Education by Agustina Paglayan is available from your favorite bookstore."

[See also:

"The Student Resistance Handbook"
https://spectaclefilms.com/products/student-resistance-handbook

"The Student Resistance Handbook provides students with information on how they can effectively fight back against their school and work towards abolishing this abusive and oppressive institution. Legal non-violent tactics are presented that are designed to: disrupt the operation of school, substantially increase the costs involved in its operation, and make those who work for and support schools as miserable as they make the students who are forced to attend."

"The War On Kids DVD"
https://spectaclefilms.com/products/the-war-on-kids-dvd

"“A shocking chronicle of institutional dysfunction” – New York Times

“A startling wake-up call about appalling conditions prevailing in American schools” – Variety

“Must-see documentary” – The Huffington Post

Focusing on public education, The War on Kids demonstrates how American public schools have become modeled after prisons in response to fear and a burgeoning intolerance of youth. The oppressive environment that students are subjected to, coupled with brutal responses to any transgression including the drugging of children,are shown to have long-term repercussions beyond creating a generation of dysfunctional adults. Ultimately, democracy itself is under siege.

The War on Kids is a documentary on Public Education in America. While several documentaries on schools have come out since The War on Kids, these films tend to be either propaganda for charter schools or look at symptoms without any appreciation or understanding of underlying issues. To be a great documentary, it is essential to do the necessary work and dig deeper to uncover the heart of the problems observed. The numerous failures and pathologies associated with school are predominantly due to its autocratic structure. Because no one wants to voluntarily relinquish power, this fundamental problem is never addressed or even recognized.

Duration: 88 Minutes
Subtitles: English

Filmmakers
Director: Cevin Soling
Executive Producer: Cevin Soling
Producer: Jeremy Carr, Dawn Fidrick, and Cevin Soling
Cinematographer: Jeremy Carr
Editor: Jeremy Carr
Music: Martin Trum
Press and Awards
Best Educational Documentary – NY International Independent Film and Video Festival
Featured on The Colbert Report and MSNBC
“A shocking chronicle of institutional dysfunction” – New York Times
“A startling wake-up call about appalling conditions prevailing in American schools” – Variety
“Must-see documentary” – The Huffington Post"]

[Lots of messiness and conjecture in here. Wish I had the time right now to leave some notes annotating the things that I find incorrect, self-contradictory, or problematic in here amongst the stuff that I do agree with.].]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://monthlyreview.org/2022/09/01/intelligence-under-racial-capitalism-from-eugenics-to-standardized-testing-and-online-learning/">
    <title>Monthly Review | Intelligence Under Racial Capitalism: From Eugenics to Standardized Testing and Online Learning</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-05T02:08:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://monthlyreview.org/2022/09/01/intelligence-under-racial-capitalism-from-eugenics-to-standardized-testing-and-online-learning/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>2022 eugenics racialcapitalism capitalism standardizedtesting standardization education inequality meritocracy politicaleconomy media sorting intelligence us history yardenkatz cedricrobninson racialism covid-19 coronavirus pandemic hierarchy hierarchies coursera 2021 howardknox 1914 alfredbinet iq sterilzation incarceration racescience testing assessment institutions quantification francisgalton karlpearson charlesspearman ronaldfisher society socialcontrol psychology henrygoddard schools schooling lewsiterman stanford-binet prisons imprisonment germany nazis carlbringham civilrightsact 1964 charlesmurray bellcurve georgechurch children charterschools billgates elibroad civilrights corporations corporatism ai artificialintelligence onlinelearning learning online andrewng daphnekoller stanford johnshopkins sat difference profiteering profits worldbank algeria brazil brasil puertorico colonialism colonization latinamerica caribbean venezuela uruguay argentina costarica data gaza palestine israel michaelafricaj</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.freyaindia.co.uk/p/nobody-has-a-personality-anymore">
    <title>Nobody Has A Personality Anymore - by Freya India - GIRLS</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-28T03:39:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.freyaindia.co.uk/p/nobody-has-a-personality-anymore</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We are products with labels

Therapy-speak has taken over our language. It is ruining how we talk about romance and relationships, narrowing how we think about hurt and suffering, and now, we are losing the words for who we are. Nobody has a personality anymore.

In a therapeutic culture, every personality trait becomes a problem to be solved. Anything too human—every habit, every eccentricity, every feeling too strong—has to be labelled and explained. And this inevitably expands over time, encompassing more and more of us, until nobody is normal. Some say young people are making their disorders their whole personality. No; it’s worse than that. Now they are being taught that their normal personality is a disorder. According to a 2024 survey, 72% of Gen Z girls said that “mental health challenges are an important part of my identity.” Only 27% of Boomer men said the same.

This is part of a deeper instinct in modern life, I think, to explain everything. Psychologically, scientifically, evolutionarily. Everything about us is caused, categorised, and can be corrected. We talk in theories, frameworks, systems, structures, drives, motivations, mechanisms. But in exchange for explanation, we lost mystery, romance, and lately, I think, ourselves.

[TikTok embed]

We have lost the sentimental ways we used to describe people. Now you are always late to things not because you are lovably forgetful, not because you are scattered and interesting and secretly loved for never arriving on time, but because of ADHD. You are shy and stare at your feet when people talk to you not because you are your mother’s child, not because you are gentle and sweet and blush the same way she does, but autism. You are the way you are not because you have a soul but because of your symptoms and diagnoses; you are not an amalgam of your ancestors or curious constellation of traits but the clinical result of a timeline of childhood events. Every heartfelt, annoying, interesting piece of you, categorised. The fond ways your family describe you, medicalised. The pieces of us once written into wedding vows, read out in eulogies, remembered with a smile, now live on doctors’ notes and mental health assessments and BetterHelp applications. We are not people anymore. We have been products for a long time, and these are our labels.

We can’t talk about character either. There are no generous people anymore, only people-pleasers. There are no men or women who wear their hearts on their sleeves, only the anxiously attached, or the co-dependent. There are no hard workers, only the traumatised, the insecure overachievers, the neurotically ambitious. We even classify people without their consent. Now our clumsy mothers have always had undiagnosed ADHD; our quiet dads don’t realise they are autistic; our stoic grandfathers are emotionally stunted. We even helpfully diagnose the dead. And I think this is why people get so defensive of these diagnoses, so insistent that they explain everything. They are trying to hold onto themselves; every piece of their personality is contained within them.

And it’s not only personality traits we have lost. There are no experiences anymore, no phases or seasons of life, no wonders or mysteries, only clues about what could be wrong with us. Everything that happens can be explained away; nothing is exempt. We can’t accept that we love someone, madly and illogically; no, the enlightened way to think is to see through that, get down to what is really going on, find the hidden motives. Who we fall for is nothing but a trauma response. “You don’t have a crush; you have attachment issues”. Maybe he reminds you of an early caregiver who wounded you. In fact there are no feelings at all anymore; only dysregulated nervous systems. Every human experience we have is evidence, and the purpose of our lives is to piece it all perfectly together. This is the healthy way to think, that previous generations were so cruelly deprived of.

I’m not sure I believe this anymore. That we are more enlightened now than in the past, more emotionally intelligent. My grandma is a grandma, a mother, a wife; we are attachment disorders. She is selfless and takes things to heart; we have rejection sensitive dysphoria and fawn as a trauma response. They are souls; we are symptoms. Of course there were people in the past who needed real help and never received any sort of understanding, but that is not the full story; many were also happier, less self-conscious, actually able to forget themselves. I asked my grandparents who have been married for six decades why they chose each other and got a clumsy answer. They had never really thought about it. Maybe I am too nostalgic about the past, but there is something there that has been lost, that in that moment I struggled to relate to, a simpler way of living. And an arrogance to us now, seeing people in the past as incomplete and unsolved, when we are this anxious and confused.

I think this is why my generation gets stuck on things like relationships and parenthood. The commitments we stumble over, the decisions we endlessly debate, the traditions we find hard to hold onto, are often the ones we can’t easily explain. We are trying to explain the inexplicable. It’s hard to defend romantic love against staying single because it isn’t safe or controllable or particularly rational. The same with having children. Put these things in a pro-con list and they stop making logical sense. They cannot be calculated or codified. Ask older generations why they started families. Often they didn’t really think it through. And maybe that isn’t as crazy as we have been led to believe, maybe that isn’t so reckless, maybe there’s something human in that.

But of course this generation has a billion-dollar industry involved that wasn’t before. The world is also becoming more complicated; we want control and certainty. We take comfort in the causes of things. And yes there are young people helped by diagnoses, who can’t function and find relief in being understood, but fewer than we think. Many more have been convinced that the point of life is to classify and explain everything, and it’s making them miserable.

I find it strange that we think this is freeing, this brutal knowing. That this self-surveillance is the liberated way to live. That we are somehow less repressed, being boxed in by medical labels. There are young people spending the most carefree years of their lives mapping themselves out, categorising themselves for companies and advertisers. So much of their thinking is consumed by this. They don’t have memories anymore; only evidence, explanations, timelines of trauma. They don’t have relationships; only attachment figures, caregivers and co-regulators. And I think this is it, the cause of so much misery. We taught a generation that the meaning of life is not found outside in the world but inside their own heads. We underestimate it, this miserable business of understanding ourselves. I feel for the girls forensically analysing their childhoods while they are still in them, cramming their hope and pain and suffering into categories, reducing themselves down to trauma responses. It hurts to see this heartbreaking awareness we have inflicted on a generation, whose only understanding of the world is this militant searching, this reaching around for reasons. God, the life they are missing.

Because we can’t ever explain everything. At some point we have to stop analysing and seeing through things and accept the unknowable. All we can ever really achieve is faith. Some humour at ourselves, too. It’s impossible to heal from being human, and this is why the mental health industry has infinite demand. Explain anything long enough and you will find a pathology; dig deep enough and you will disappear.

We keep being told that the bravest thing now is to do the work. But I think it takes courage not to explain everything, to release control, to resist that impulse to turn inwards. And wisdom too, to accept that we will never understand ourselves through anything other than how we act, how we live, and how we treat other people. We are thinking about ourselves enough. We don’t need more awareness or answers. My worry is that after a lifetime spent trying to explain themselves, solve their strong feelings, standardise their personalities, and make sense of every experience, a generation might realise that the only problem they had, all along, was being human.

So free yourself to experience, not explain. Be brave enough to be normal. Do not offer up your feelings and decisions and memories to the intrusion of the market, to the interpretation of experts, to be filed as deviations from what the medical industry decides is healthy. Leave yourself unsolved. Who knows; it’s a mystery. Written in the stars. From somewhere unknown. Holding on to your personality is a declaration that you are human. A person, not a product. No other explanation needed."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://sfstandard.com/2025/06/18/san-francisco-schools-grade-inflation/">
    <title>Critics say SF schools inflate grades. Here's what the data shows</title>
    <dc:date>2025-06-18T20:14:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://sfstandard.com/2025/06/18/san-francisco-schools-grade-inflation/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Records indicate that SFUSD is, in fact, not lowering standards for disadvantaged kids."

...

"The recent furor over the San Francisco Unified School District’s aborted plan to experiment with what it called “grading for equity” invoked a familiar specter: grade inflation. 

As the district floated, then abandoned the plan — which would have involved allowing students to retake tests and excluding homework performance from grades — some critics suggested that the city’s K-12 schools are already overly generous in their pupil assessments. One attendee at a school board meeting asserted that grade inflation is “a huge issue across the district.” 

Nationwide, high school GPAs have risen steadily for years — a trend that’s spreading to colleges too. An EducationWeek pundit lamented that “the evidence of grade inflation is incontrovertible.”

But is that true in San Francisco?

In a word, no.

The Standard analyzed GPAs over the last decade at SFUSD middle and high schools and found that the district’s B average held steady, along with standardized test scores. The picture that emerges is not of a school district lowering standards for disadvantaged kids, as critics of “grading equity” anticipated. Schools don’t shy away from giving Ds and Fs to struggling students — even those who are homeless or attend “second-chance” alternative schools.

New York Times parenting columnist Jessica Grose claimed that “test scores have gone down while grades have gone up” across the country amid fears that grade inflation has papered over “an education depression.” A Los Angeles Times analysis found the grades-and-test-scores disconnect across that city’s high schools in 2022. But SFUSD has defied that narrative.

Across SFUSD, test scores have remained largely unchanged.

[chart]

In general, the better a school performs on standardized tests, the higher the average GPA, demonstrating that fears of grades being untethered from test performance are misguided.

However, in the case of prestigious Lowell High School, data from standardized testing provides ammunition to those who worry that grades have become divorced from test scores: Since 2014, proficiency on math standardized tests dropped from 85% to 66%, as the average GPA remained 3.4.

GPAs vs. standardized math test scores in 2023-24

[chart]

Of the schools where average grades rose the most over the past 10 years, test scores and GPA ranged widely — but none jumped more than roughly a third of a point.

High school average GPA change since 2014-15

[chart]

Middle school average GPA change since 2014-15

[chart]

At SFUSD middle schools, just over half of grades were A’s, according to a one-time district data release from fall 2022. In high schools, 48% of students were awarded the top mark in English and 41% in math.

Some educators say district policies make it harder for them to give out low grades. They point out that in order to fail a student, they must first contact the parents and often have to provide opportunities for makeup work. 

“If a student is missing 90 assignments, administrators say it’s more equitable to truncate that to 15, which gives students an incentive to goof around,” said one SFUSD teacher who asked to remain anonymous for fear of reprisal.

But poor grades are hardly rare: 19% of high school math grades were a D or F, according to data from fall 2022, as were 15% of English grades. 

Roughly one in three math grades given to hundreds of homeless high schoolers were Ds or Fs, showing that the district isn’t going easy even on the most vulnerable students. The alternative Ida B. Wells High, which enrolls students who have struggled in traditional academic settings, has an average 1.85 GPA, the lowest in the district. 
‘The data should make you cry’

Studies have demonstrated the demoralizing impact of low grades on attendance, fueling a vicious cycle of truancy. At Ida B. Wells, 96% of students are chronically absent. 

That dispiriting dynamic inspired Bay Area education consultant Joe Feldman, a former teacher and principal, to devise the system he called “grading for equity.” Feldman’s classroom experiences led him to believe that grades should reflect what students know by the end of the class — based on tests that can be redone, not on in-class participation.

“We’ve built a grading system that disincentivizes students to persevere when they make mistakes,” he said. “A zero on an early homework assignment can pull down the grade so that sometimes it becomes mathematically impossible for a student to pass the class by the second week.”

Even some of the proposal’s skeptics say the blowback has been more visceral than thoughtful. SFUSD analyst Paul Gardiner wrote in his blog: “In a different universe, one could imagine conservatives being the ones pushing for” the initiative, since “there are no participation trophies: you don’t get an ‘A’ just for showing up.”

But that message was lost last month when Feldman found himself in a firestorm after an article in The Voice of SF about “grading for equity” led to criticism from Mayor Daniel Lurie, Rep. Ro Khanna, and San Jose Mayor Matt Mahan.

Feldman got a call from an unknown number. “How could a 41% be a C?” the caller berated, citing the article’s opening paragraph. 

It wasn’t, Feldman explained. He had no idea where that claim came from, he told the caller, and pointed out other inaccuracies in the article.

“I’m not surprised by the skepticism, because people are naturally skeptical of change,” Feldman said. “I was surprised people didn’t represent the ideas accurately, and that they didn’t reach out to me.” 

Overlooked amid the blowup over grading for equity was newly released data showing that only 5.8% of Black sixth-graders are proficient in math. “The data should make you cry and make you want to pull your hair,” SFUSD Superintendent Dr. Maria Su told the board.  

The fight over how students are graded may be missing the more urgent question: why so many are failing in the first place."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.honest-broker.com/p/5-ways-to-stop-ai-cheating">
    <title>5 Ways to Stop AI Cheating - by Ted Gioia</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-28T21:55:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.honest-broker.com/p/5-ways-to-stop-ai-cheating</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["(1) EVERYTHING WAS HANDWRITTEN—WE DIDN’T EVEN HAVE TYPEWRITERS.

All my high school term papers were typewritten—that was a requirement. And when I attended Stanford, I brought a Smith-Corona electric typewriter with me from home. I used it constantly. Even in those pre-computer days, we relied on machines at every stage of an American education.

When I returned from Oxford to attend Stanford Business School, computers were beginning to intrude on education. I was even forced (unwillingly) to learn computer programming as a requirement for entering the MBA program.

But during my time at Oxford, I never owned a typewriter. I never touched a typewriter. I never even saw a typewriter. Every paper, every exam answer, every text whatsoever was handwritten—and for exams, they were handwritten under the supervision of proctors.

When I got my exam results from the college, the grades were handwritten in ancient Greek characters. (I’m not making this up.)

Even if ChatGPT had existed back then, you couldn’t have relied on it in these settings.

(2) MY PROFESSORS TAUGHT ME AT TUTORIALS IN THEIR OFFICES. THEY WOULD GRILL ME VERBALLY—AND I WAS EXPECTED TO HAVE IMMEDIATE RESPONSES TO ALL THEIR QUESTIONS.

The Oxford education is based on the tutorial system. It’s a conversation in the don’s office. This was often one-on-one. Sometimes two students would share a tutorial with a single tutor. But I never had a tutorial with more than three people in the room.

I was expected to show up with a handwritten essay. But I wouldn’t hand it in for grading—I read it aloud in front of the scholar. He would constantly interrupt me with questions, and I was expected to have smart answers.

When I finished reading my paper, he would have more follow-up questions. The whole process resembled a police interrogation from a BBC crime show.

There’s no way to cheat in this setting. You either back up what you’re saying on the spot—or you look like a fool. Hey, that’s just like real life.

(3) ACADEMIC RESULTS WERE BASED ENTIRELY ON HANDWRITTEN AND ORAL EXAMS. YOU EITHER PASSED OR FAILED—AND MANY FAILED.

The Oxford system was brutal. Your future depended on your performance at grueling multi-day examinations. Everything was handwritten or oral, all done in a totally contained and supervised environment.

Cheating was impossible. And behind-the-scenes influence peddling was prevented—my exams were judged anonymously by professors who weren’t my tutors. They didn’t know anything about me, except what was written in the exam booklets.

I did well and thus got exempted from the dreaded viva voce—the intense oral exam that (for many students) serves as follow-up to the written exams.

That was a relief, because the viva voce is even less susceptible to bluffing or games-playing than tutorials. You are now defending yourself in front of a panel of esteemed scholars, and they love tightening the screws on poorly prepared students.

(4) THE SYSTEM WAS TOUGH AND UNFORGIVING—BUT THIS WAS INTENTIONAL. OTHERWISE THE CREDENTIAL GOT DEVALUED.

I was shocked at how many smart Oxford students left without earning a degree. This was a huge change from my experience in the US—where faculty and administration do a lot of hand-holding and forgiving in order to boost graduation rates.

There were no participation trophies at Oxford. You sank or swam—and it was easy to sink.

That’s why many well-known people—I won’t name names, but some are world famous—can tell you that they studied at Oxford, but they can’t claim that they got a degree at Oxford. Even elite Rhodes Scholars fail the exams, or fear them so much that they leave without taking them.

I feel sorry for my friends who didn’t fare well in this system. But in a world of rampant AI cheating, this kind of bullet-proof credentialing will return by necessity—or the credentials will get devalued.

(5) EVEN THE INFORMAL WAYS OF BUILDING YOUR REPUTATION WERE DONE FACE-TO-FACE—WITH NO TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED

Exams weren’t the only way to build a reputation at Oxford. I also saw people rise in stature because of their conversational or debating or politicking or interpersonal skills.

I’ve never been anywhere in my life where so much depended on your ability at informal speaking. You could actually gain renown by your witty and intelligent dinner conversation. Even better, if you had solid public speaking skills you could flourish at the Oxford Union—and maybe even end up as Prime Minister some day.

All of this was done face-to-face. Even if a time traveler had given you a smartphone with a chatbot, you would never have been able to use it. You had to think on your feet, and deliver the goods with lots of people watching.

Maybe that’s not for everybody. But the people who survived and flourished in this environment were impressive individuals who, even at a young age, were already battle tested."]]></description>
<dc:subject>tedgoia ai artificialintelligence cheating oxford education howwelearn pedagogy highered highereducation colleges universities assessment handwriting analog retrograde technology process academia</dc:subject>
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    <title>How the right to education is undermined by AI</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-23T01:20:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/how-the-right-to-education-is-undermined</link>
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    <title>Trump Halts Data Collection on Drug Use, Maternal Mortality, Climate Change, More — ProPublica</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-19T05:56:08+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["By slashing teams that gather critical data, the administration has left the federal government with no way of understanding if policies are working — and created a black hole of information whose consequences could ripple out for decades."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9SJc5sRq80">
    <title>Evgeny Morozov: Democracy, Technology and the City - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-13T16:44:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9SJc5sRq80</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[See also:
https://www.cccb.org/en/activities/file/democracy-technology-and-city/217682

"Which challenges and threats emerge as public spaces "smart", integrating sensors, cameras, and various means of algorithmic regulation? Technology companies, having optimized the public sphere, are increasingly offering to optimize our cities. Yet the terms of such "optimization" remain ambiguous and opaque, often presenting the business agendas of technology vendors as inevitable features of digitization. As we transition to the post-Snowden era, the costs of ubiquitous computing left in the hands of private companies have become painfully clear. How could cities take advantage of digital technologies without succumbing to the optimization excesses of the "smart city"?

Opening lecture of the series "Open City", in which will also participate Josep Maria Benet i Jornet, Marta Segarra, Manuel Forcano, Bruce Bégout, Rafael Chirbes, Erri de Luca, Richard Sennett and Kamila Shamsie.

Presenters: Joan Subirats

Participants: Evgeny Morozov

This activity is part of Open City, The Barcelona Debate"]]]></description>
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    <title>ChatGPT Can't Kill Anything Worth Preserving</title>
    <dc:date>2025-04-09T21:52:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://biblioracle.substack.com/p/chatgpt-cant-kill-anything-worth</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["If an algorithm is the death of high school English, maybe that's an okay thing."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y03qOqL0CuY">
    <title>COMMUNIA 02: Educació i (falsa) innovació - Amb Marta Venceslao i Jordi Solé | CGT EN RED - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-21T19:11:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y03qOqL0CuY</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Al segon episodi del Communia, el programa d'entrevistes de CGT Catalunya a La Veïnal, entrevistem als professors Jordi Solé i Marta Venceslao, experts en l'àmbit educatiu. Parlem d'innovació educativa, de l'estat de l'escola pública i de noves pedagogies."
]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/second-breakfast-x-imperfect-offering">
    <title>Second Breakfast x Imperfect Offering #2</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-11T19:04:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/second-breakfast-x-imperfect-offering</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The AI accelerationists get the keys to the kingdom, and we have issues"

...

"As Enterprise AI goes full state capture and as Elon Musk’s freshmen engineers get their hands on all the data of the US federal government, Helen and Audrey team up again to ask: was this always going to be the end game? We look at AI’s 75-year-old relationship with white nationalism, eugenics and military violence, and we ask whether AI as a ‘general’ technology could ever escape these associations. Audrey anticipates a new era of edtech investment that will drive venture capital and data architectures even deeper into public education. While Helen muses on the AI Action Plan of the UK government that - despite its very different vibe - is putting UK data and public services into the hands of many of the same US corporations that are bringing us Project25.

It seems the tech news has become the news, and whatever madness that brings into the world in the coming days and weeks, you’ll want to get your sanity check here.

Limited show notes this week, but you might like to check out:

Some recent commentary on the Elon Musk moment (sure to be out of date by now) from the UK Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/08/elon-musk-doge-team-staff

And from the Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2025/02/05/elon-musk-federal-technology-takeover/

Up-to-date takes on tech history-in-the-making are often posted here: https://futurism.com/.

Daniel Greene’s book, mentioned by Audrey: The Promise of Access: Technology, Inequality, and the Political Economy of Hope (MIT Press): https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262542333/the-promise-of-access/

Feminist critiques of AI from the 1980s and 1990s, mentioned by Helen (most of these require a log-in):

Alison Adam: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/135050689500200305

Lynette Hunter: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/rh.1991.9.4.317

Donna Haraway: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3178066

Lucy Suchman (still writing brilliantly on this topic today): https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/20539517231206794 "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/the-audrey-watters-episode">
    <title>The Audrey Watters episode - by Helen Beetham</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-03T20:27:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/the-audrey-watters-episode</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As we sink further into the pit that is the Musk/Trump presidency, who better to survey the hellscape on the way down than Audrey Watters, ed tech’s sharpest and toughest commentator? If you don’t know Audrey’s work, you really should. You’ll find her Second Breakfast newsletter in the shownotes, along with a link for her book, Teaching Machines, and plenty more that came up in our discussion. It’s the first imperfect x breakfast cross-over on the pod, and I hope it won’t be the last.

Audrey’s newsletter, Second Breakfast: https://2ndbreakfast.audreywatters.com/

Audrey’s book Teaching Machines https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262546065/teaching-machines/

Simone Brown on the origins of surveillance in the management of plantation labour: https://journals.kent.ac.uk/index.php/klr/article/view/1100

Emily Bender and Timnit Gebru (et al’s) famous paper: On the dangers of stochastic parrots: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3442188.3445922

Recent critique of this paper from a posthumanist perspective, referenced by Helen: https://posthumanism.co.uk/jp/article/view/3287

Meredith Whittaker on Babbage, computers and plantation labour: https://logicmag.io/supa-dupa-skies/origin-stories-plantations-computers-and-industrial-control/

Reid Hoffman ‘AI will empower humanity’ in the NYT, referenced by Audrey: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/25/opinion/ai-chatgpt-empower-bot.html

The article is paywalled but there is an interview with similar takes here: https://techcrunch.com/2025/01/26/why-reid-hoffman-feels-optimistic-about-our-ai-future/

A recent Guardian UK article on the ‘Paypal Mafia’: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/jan/26/elon-musk-peter-thiel-apartheid-south-africa

Peter Thiel’s argument that freedom and democracy are incompatible, referenced by Audrey: https://www.cato-unbound.org/2009/04/13/peter-thiel/education-libertarian/. This is also referenced by Curtis Yarvin and Nick Land in support of their Dark Enlightenment neo-reactionary movement: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment

Links between Palantir (Peter Thiel’s company) and the US military: https://www.palantir.com/offerings/defense/air-space/

Helen’s original substack post on Faculty AI (a new one follows shortly): https://helenbeetham.substack.com/i/139080460/safer-ai-round-two

AI Snake Oil, blog of the book by Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor, discussed by Audrey and Helen:
https://www.aisnakeoil.com/ "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/the-dan-macquillan-episode">
    <title>The Dan MacQuillan episode - by Helen Beetham</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-17T18:23:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://helenbeetham.substack.com/p/the-dan-macquillan-episode</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this episode I talk to Dan MacQuillan, Lecturer in Creative Computing at Goldsmiths, and author of Resisting AI: an Anti-fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence. I read this in 2022, as soon as it was published, and it remains for me one of the most vivid, provocative and relevant critiques of ‘artificial intelligence’ as a project. Here, Dan speaks about the continuities between today’s machine learning models and earlier projects of categorising and disciplining people. We discuss how education is implicated in these architectures and how educators might resist. Dan has been a star of podcasts with tens of thousands of listeners, so I am deeply grateful that he made time to talk to me on this first episode of Imperfect Offerings in sound.

Links

Dan’s home page: https://www.gold.ac.uk/computing/people/d-mcquillan/

Resisting AI: and Anti-Fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence from Bristol University Press: https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/resisting-ai

Dan’s ‘other’ podcasts on Resisting AI: https://www.transformingsociety.co.uk/2023/07/17/the-extensive-and-unconventional-reach-of-dan-mcquillans-resisting-ai/

On Arendt’s diagnosis of ‘thoughtlessness’ as a feature and an enabler of fascism: https://danmcquillan.org/arendtandalgorithms.html

On AI colonialism and the likely impacts on the Global South: https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/12/17/ai-global-south-inequality/ or https://www.technologyreview.com/supertopic/ai-colonialism-supertopic/

On algorithmic states of exception: https://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/11079/

Wikipedia article on the Situationists: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationist_International

And on Guy Debord’s Society of the Spectacle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle

“All that was once directly lived has become mere representation”"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.johnholtgws.com/pats-blog/do-homeschoolers-need-formal-evaluations-to-determine-their-childrens-academic-progress">
    <title>Do Homeschoolers Need Formal Evaluations To Determine Their Children’s Academic Progress? — John Holt GWS</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-13T19:56:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.johnholtgws.com/pats-blog/do-homeschoolers-need-formal-evaluations-to-determine-their-childrens-academic-progress</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Jan Hunt (who recently moved from BC to Oregon) sent us a copy of a letter that she wrote as a follow-up to a radio talk show with the BC Minister of Education. Jan had called in to the show and had given a brief answer to the minister’s question “How can homeschooling parents determine their children’s academic progress, if not through formal evaluation?” She then wrote the letter, from which we excerpt below, to give a more thorough answer to the question. 

The assumption that homeschooling parents somehow lack awareness of their children’s progress, and therefore require formal evaluation of that progress, is undoubtedly related to the fact that homeschoolers function beyond the arena of the schools, and our philosophies and methods are not well known or understood. It is with the hope of clarifying our theories and procedures that I have written this letter. How do homeschooling parents know their children are learning? The answer to this question is, to put it most simply, direct observation, my husband and I have only one child (Jason, who just turned 8). If a teacher had only one child in her classroom, and was unable to describe the reading skills of that child, everyone would be dismayed—how could a teacher have such close daily contact with one child and miss something so obvious? Yet many people unfamiliar with homeschooling imagine that parents with just this sort of close daily contact with their child require outside evaluation to determine their child’s progress, This puzzles homeschooling parents, who cannot imagine missing anything so interesting as the nature and direction of their child’s learning.  … Any parent of a preschool child could tell you how many numbers her child can count to, and how many colors he knows—not through testing, but simply through many hours of listening to his questions and statements and observing his behavior. In homeschooling, this type of observation simply continues on into higher ages and more complex learning. There are many times in the course of a day when a reasonably curious child will want to know the meaning of certain printed words—in books and newspapers, on board game instruction cards, on package labels, in the TV daily weather message, on mail that has just arrived, and so on. lf this child’s self-esteem is intact, he will not hesitate to ask his parents the meaning of these words. Through the reduction of questions of this type, the actual reading aloud of certain words, and the evidence of appropriate behavior associated with printed words (“Look, Daddy, this package is for you!”) it seems safe to assume that reading is progressing in the direction of literary. This may seem to outsiders to be overly general, but homeschooling parents learn through experience that more specific evaluation is intrusive, unnecessary, and self-defeating.  … Interestingly, a child’s progress is not always smooth; there may be sudden shifts from one stage to the next. Thus, formal evaluation given just prior to such a shift may give unfair and misleading information. At a time when I knew (through a reduction in the number of requests for me to read certain signs, labels, and so on) that Jason’s reading was improving. I told him one evening that I was unable to read a book to him because of a headache. He said, “Well, you just rest and I’ll read a book to you.” He proceeded to read an entire book flawlessly, at a level of more difficulty than I would have guessed he had been able to read.

Thus it sometimes happens in the natural course of living with a child that we receive more direct and specific information about his progress. But it should be stressed that this is part of the natural process of “aiding and abetting” a child’s learning, and that requiring such direct proof is almost always self-defeating. Had I required him to read that book, he might well have refused, declaring that he couldn’t read it yet—because he would have felt the anxiety which anyone feels under scrutiny. But because he chose to read voluntarily, and his accuracy was not being questioned, anxiety was not a factor …"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://press.princeton.edu/ideas/ideas-podcast-raised-to-obey">
    <title>Ideas Podcast: Raised to Obey | Princeton University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-27T00:57:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://press.princeton.edu/ideas/ideas-podcast-raised-to-obey</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Nearly every country today has universal primary education. But why did governments in the West decide to provide education to all children in the first place? In Raised to Obey, Agustina Paglayan offers an unsettling answer. The introduction of broadly accessible primary education was not mainly a response to industrialization, or fueled by democratic ideals, or even aimed at eradicating illiteracy or improving skills. It was motivated instead by elites’ fear of the masses—and the desire to turn the “savage,” “unruly,” and “morally flawed” children of the lower classes into well-behaved future citizens who would obey the state and its laws.

Drawing on unparalleled evidence from two centuries of education provision in Europe and the Americas, and deploying rich data that capture the expansion of primary education and its characteristics, this sweeping book offers a political history of primary schools that is both broad and deep. Paglayan shows that governments invested in primary schools when internal threats heightened political elites’ anxiety around mass violence and the breakdown of social order."

...

"Agustina S. Paglayan is assistant professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego, and nonresident fellow at the Center for Global Development. Her work has been covered by The Economist, the Washington Post, Devex, NPR, and NBC."

[via:
https://www.are.na/block/3322684

See also:
https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691261270/raised-to-obey

"How the expansion of primary education in the West emerged not from democratic ideals but from the state’s desire to control its citizens

Nearly every country today has universal primary education. But why did governments in the West decide to provide education to all children in the first place? In Raised to Obey, Agustina Paglayan offers an unsettling answer. The introduction of broadly accessible primary education was not mainly a response to industrialization, or fueled by democratic ideals, or even aimed at eradicating illiteracy or improving skills. It was motivated instead by elites’ fear of the masses—and the desire to turn the “savage,” “unruly,” and “morally flawed” children of the lower classes into well-behaved future citizens who would obey the state and its laws.

Drawing on unparalleled evidence from two centuries of education provision in Europe and the Americas, and deploying rich data that capture the expansion of primary education and its characteristics, this sweeping book offers a political history of primary schools that is both broad and deep. Paglayan shows that governments invested in primary schools when internal threats heightened political elites’ anxiety around mass violence and the breakdown of social order.

Two hundred years later, the original objective of disciplining children remains at the core of how most public schools around the world operate. The future of education systems—and their ability to reduce poverty and inequality—hinges on our ability to understand and come to terms with this troubling history."]]]></description>
<dc:subject>education schools schooling obedience agustinapaglayan 2024 indoctrination power control governance government europe primaryeducation children elitism socialorder masseducation schoolhouse society learning howwelearn criticalthinking literacy math mathematics policy politics publiceducation publicschools socialcontrol democracy values statusquo law citizenship authoritarianism authority unschooling deschooling prussia institutions history normalschool silence curriculum johndewey moralcharacter pedagogy centralization latinamerica us thomasjefferson howweteach jimcrow progressive lifelonglearning educators socialization rote rotelearning compulsory compulsoryschooling teaching assessment student-centered student-centerededucation ruleoflaw legal shiningpath rwanda perú indonesia foreignaid woldbank</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.presidioknolls.org/news/news/2024/10/25/why-we-dont-use-letter-grades">
    <title>Beyond Letter Grades: PKS's Holistic Approach to Assessment — Presidio Knolls School</title>
    <dc:date>2024-10-29T00:05:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.presidioknolls.org/news/news/2024/10/25/why-we-dont-use-letter-grades</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Teachers in the PKS Middle School assess students frequently in a variety of ways, from 1:1 check ins, to rubrics, to tests and quizzes, to marginalia on their essays. We are a feedback rich program, and believe communicating clearly and directly with students about their work is the best way to help them grow. Some of the tools we use for assessment are standardized and used all around the world, others are program-specific and designed by our faculty.

One thing we never do is reduce feedback to a letter or number grade. Our commitment to eschew letter/number grades in favor of more nuanced forms of feedback is, in fact, a foundation of our approach to teaching and learning. And we are proud to be leading a broad movement [https://www.edutopia.org/article/will-letter-grades-survive ] of 21st century schools [https://mastery.org/mtc-member-schools/ ] approaching assessment from a researched-based, holistic perspective.

Why don’t we grade? 

First, grades are crude and opaque where feedback should be personalized, rich, actionable, and transparent. Teachers should have the skill and the time to explain clearly to students what they are doing well and what they need to improve. An “82” doesn’t do that. In fact, research shows [https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/case-grades/ ] that no matter the quality of feedback, if it is attached to a grade it is largely ignored. Students flip to the back of an essay to look at the grade and don’t read the comments, or see the number at the top of a math test and don’t analyze what they have mastered and what they must improve. Grades are reductive symbols and a shortcut around the hard work of responding individually to the work of each student, celebrating what they have achieved, and explaining to each student how his or her work can continue to progress and develop.

Second, we want a feedback system that encourages students to pursue academic rigor. Why attempt a difficult project if the result might be a B when you can do an easy project and get an A? Schools that grade see students making the rational choice to avoid academic rigor and pursue the “easy A.” Middle schoolers are like bloodhounds for hypocrisy, and they immediately sense it when a teacher or parent says, “challenge yourself!” while also saying, “keep your grades up.” Schools that do not grade can more honestly coach students to work at the edge of their stretch zone.

Third, we believe feedback should encourage a growth mindset, and grades irrevocably move students towards a fixed mindset. The “C” in 6th grade English becomes the story the child tells herself (“I’m a bad writer”). The “A” in science tells a student he needn’t strive for more (“my work is done”). When teachers do not grade and instead tell ALL students how to meet the next challenge, and do so without labels, there is no danger of a student settling on a fixed belief so early in their exploration of the world and of their cognitive development.

Fourth, grades introduce an authoritarian element into the classroom. In the Dewian tradition, we believe our work is to train our students to become engaged, effective, passionate citizens. It is the job of a citizen to think critically, to question authority, and to be suspicious of hierarchy. We believe the consequences of living the most formative years of your life in systems that normalizes hierarchy is a threat to democratic values. We will not participate in this paradigm. Our teachers are respected by students because of their humanity, their inspiring lessons, and their care, not because they have the power to reward and punish. 

Fifth, grades tend to encourage a misguided adjudication of assessment: “Why did I receive a B when I deserved a B+?” Students and parents sense the alchemy in any grading system, the inevitable arbitrary and capricious nature [https://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/improving-grading-in-high-school/ ] of a grade. Teachers who are forced to grade must pour their most precious resource - time - into defending the indefensible. We want 100% of our teachers’ energies going into challenging each student, learning more about them, and engaging with them on a joyful journey. We do not want one moment wasted on questions of semantics.

Sixth, since grades communicate to students that some things matter and others don't, schools that grade end up with warped programs [https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-no-students-dont-need-grades/2018/01 ]. Math gets graded in most schools, communicating that math is important (which it is). But the way you treat your peers is not graded, communicating that whatever lip service is paid to this value, it isn’t very important. Students get it: you grade me on the things you actually want me to care about. At PKS, we actually care about student health, their moral development, their mindfulness, their ability to self-assess and choose to stretch themselves.

Seventh, there are metacognitive benefits for students when we do not coddle them by telling them exactly what to do and how to do it. At PKS, students are asked to name what they need to accomplish and receive 1:1 coaching to help them develop independent habits of passionate, creative work. We want our students to receive an assignment, head off to work, and return with gorgeous, unexpected results. Grades undermine [https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-05867-001 ] intrinsic motivation and self-regulation and are part of what has created an army of bright but timid graduates who need bosses to tell them exactly what to do and how to do it. PKS graduates will leap over this millennial malaise.

Finally, perhaps most importantly, we believe that grades distract from the joy of learning. Our classrooms are celebrations of creativity, of grit, of tinkering, of struggle, of offering complex responses to challenging cross-cultural problems. We want our learning community to be one in which passionate teachers challenge, support, and inspire their students. And we want our students striving to be their best selves unencumbered by fear of (shudder!) a “B.”

Selected Resources

Alli Klapp (2015) Does grading affect educational attainment? A longitudinal study, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 22:3, 302-323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2014.988121

Björn Högberg, Joakim Lindgren, Klara Johansson, Mattias Strandh & Solveig Petersen (2021) Consequences of school grading systems on adolescent health: evidence from a Swedish school reform, Journal of Education Policy, 36:1, 84-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2019.1686540

Gardner, H. (1991). The unschooled mind: How children think and how schools should teach. New York: Basic Books.

Pulfrey, C., Buchs, C., & Butera, F. (2011). Why grades engender performance-avoidance goals: The mediating role of autonomous motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(3), 683–700. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023911

Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci, “When Rewards Compete with Nature: The Undermining of Intrinsic Motivation and Self Regulation,” in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, Sansone and Harackiewicz, eds. (Educational Psychology, 2000).

Jack Schneider & Ethan Hutt (2014) Making the grade: a history of the A–F marking scheme, Journal of Curriculum Studies, 46:2, 201-224, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2013.790480

Schinske J, Tanner K. Teaching More by Grading Less (or Differently). CBE Life Sci Educ. 2014;13(2):159-166. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.cbe-14-03-0054

Grant Wiggins, “The Case for Authentic Assessment,” Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation: Vol 2, Article 2(1990)."]]></description>
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    <title>The Basics: School Reform - Freddie deBoer</title>
    <dc:date>2024-10-14T22:28:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/the-basics-school-reform</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Education may be the issue that I’ve written about the most in my career, at least on my own blogs and newsletters. It’s the topic I’m the best credentialed in, whatever that means, and I have taught many classes and worked in various capacities in schools at several levels; I also come from a family of educators. Beyond those things, though, I think education is a perpetually fascinating topic which brings some core elements of modern society into friction with each other, sometimes even productively. Education is the ultimate proxy issue, the issue we use to talk about core societal dynamics that many in our society would otherwise prefer to avoid, most notably racial issues but also gender, class, opportunity, the definition of success. American education is, as they say, a rich text.

Education discourse is caught in many contradictions and tensions, including

- Our education system is presumed to serve the essential function of sorting high school graduates into colleges and college graduates into jobs commensurate with their ability, but modern norms prevent us from acknowledging that for this system to work, there must be students who are at the bottom of the distribution - that is, bad at school

- Education is purported to be a great equalizer even while it fulfills the aforementioned mission of sorting good students from bad, a central internal tension that results in endless controversies like those concerning the SAT

- Education research has profound and unique challenges in terms of basic research design and empirical principles, which I detail here

- Issues of schooling highlight the odd reality that many people have limitless compassion for children and will support all manner of programs to help them but lose all of that sympathy once someone turns 18, putting intense pressure on the system to promote social justice while they’re young

- Basic resource questions, like “Should the best teachers teach the best-performing students or the worst?,” go unanswered even in elite spaces that regularly debate education, largely because those questions are complex, uncomfortable, and politically unpalatable1

- In recent decades our school system has been purported to be the key mechanism through which society moves people out of poverty and promotes equality, tasks which schooling was never designed to accomplish.

Nowhere are the pathologies of our education discourse more apparent than in the school/education reform movement. By that I mean the somewhat-amorphous but impossible-to-ignore effort to dramatically change American schooling that attracted a remarkable amount of attention, funding, and influence in the 2000s and 2010s. This powerful movement still exists, albeit in a diminished state. Typically associated with neoliberalism/market liberalism/Democratic technocracy etc, the education reform/school reform movement seeks to “fix” American education with reforms that stress accountability, choice, and using the power of markets to improve academic outcomes. Their consistent targets are teachers and their unions, arguing that endemic failures within our country’s poorest districts are primarily the fault of feckless and untalented teachers who are protected by their unions and teacher tenure. They have, at times, venerated heroes like Harlem Children’s Zone school Geoffrey Canada, former Washington DC public school chancellor Michelle Rhee, and Obama administration Secretary of Education Arne Duncan. They tend to deploy a maximally righteous political rhetoric, insisting that any objections to either the fairness or efficacy of their professed solutions are simply excuse-making.

Some key ed reform efforts include

- The dramatic expansion of America’s (almost always non-union) charter schools, which is to say, schools that operate with government blessing and often some degree of government oversight but outside of most local school district leadership structures and, crucially, without falling under the collective bargaining agreements that teachers unions strike with traditional public school systems

- Merit pay initiatives that seek to reward teachers based on the performance of their students, rather than a conventional salary structure that includes bumps for seniority and sometimes for additional education; these systems often are tied to various value-added models and similar efforts to fairly and accurately assess how well teachers are teaching

- The establishment of universal standards, common assessment methods, and shared national benchmarks for success, based on the notion that there’s too much variability from state to state and district to district in what students learn and how that learning is measured; the Common Core represents something of an ideal for the movement, both conceptually and in its remarkable success in being passed in a large majority of the states in the nation (in part because there was so little public input or debate when the standards were being adopted)

- Relentless census-style standardized testing

- Some school reform types have traditionally supported private school vouchers, while others have not

- Some school reform types have traditionally supported abolishing teachers unions and teacher tenure entirely, while others have not

-. In general, education reformers have demanded systems with more latitude on the parts of principals and superintendents to make pedagogical and administrative decisions without being hampered by regulation, union contracts, and normal procedure; in practice, this mostly means conflicts with teachers over their rights and due process as employees."

...

"American students do better than you think.

...

There’s no glorious past of American education to compare ourselves to.

...

Expecting markets to fix education makes no sense.

...

The measurements are wonky.

...

We live in a profoundly unequal society.

...

Individual students have different levels of individual academic ability, student-side variables dominate school-side variables in influence, and thus expecting all our kids to meet arbitrary benchmarks is folly.

...

You don’t have to turn everyone into an A student to fight poverty, promote equality, and improve mobility.

...

Schools provide many wonderful benefits."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://yaschamounk.substack.com/p/abolish-grades">
    <title>Abolish Grades (A Modest Proposal) - Yascha Mounk</title>
    <dc:date>2024-08-30T18:26:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://yaschamounk.substack.com/p/abolish-grades</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The new school year is about to start!

To mark the occasion, I am sharing with you my reflections on rampant grade inflation at American universities—and the surprising step we should take to tackle the problem."

...

"The grading system at American universities is an embarrassment. The best solution would be to take the simple, if somewhat brutal, steps to end grade inflation. But if that is not in the cards, then it’s time for universities to admit that the emperor has no clothes. If reestablishing more demanding standards turns out to be impossible, then the second best option may be to put an end to the whole charade.

According to my “modest proposal,” universities would make all of their courses pass-fail, a practice that has already been adopted by some elite law and business schools. Students would still have to submit their assignments and meet the minimum standards that are now expected of them. But they would no longer be able to pretend that they had been recognized for exceptional achievements.

Abolishing grades is much worse than a grading system that makes real distinctions between students. But by the same token, it is much better than the status quo."

[via:
https://blog.ayjay.org/abolish-grades/

"I’ve definitely become an easier grader in the past few years, simply because I’ve been worn down over the decades — I’ve been teaching for forty-two years! — by all the grade-grubbing, attempts to game the system, loophole-searchers, and sad stories about “what my parents will do to me if I don’t get an A.” I could teach until I drop, but the combination of grading and an ever-more-bloated administrative apparatus will eventually drive me into retirement."]]]></description>
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    <title>An Honest Living: A Memoir of Peculiar Itineraries with Steven Salaita - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-14T18:34:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eegzTvPT6xY</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this episode we welcome Steven Salaita back to MAKC to discuss his most recent book An Honest Living: A Memoir of Peculiar Itineraries

Book Description:

In the summer of 2014, Steven Salaita was fired from a tenured position in American Indian Studies at the University of Illinois for his unwavering stance on Palestinian human rights and other political controversies. A year later, he landed a job in Lebanon, but that, too, ended badly. With no other recourse, Salaita found himself trading his successful academic career for an hourly salaried job. Told primarily from behind the wheel of a school bus―a vantage point from which Salaita explores social anxiety, suburban architecture, political alienation, racial oppression, working-class solidarity, pro­fessional malfeasance, and the joy of chauffeuring children to and from school―An Honest Living describes the author’s decade of turbulent post-professorial life and his recent return to the lectern.

Steven Salaita was practically born to a life in academia. His father taught physics at an HBCU in southern West Virginia and his earliest memories are of life on campus and the cinder walls of the classroom. It was no surprise that he ended up in the classroom straight after graduate school. Yet three of his university jobs―Virginia Tech, the University of Illinois, and the American University of Beirut [AUB] ―ended in public controversy. Shaken by his sudden notoriety and false claims of antisemitism, Salaita found himself driving a school bus to make ends meet. While some considered this just punishment for his anti-Zionist beliefs, Steven found that driving a bus provided him with not just a means to pay the bills but a path toward freedom of thought.

Now ten years later, with a job at American University at Cairo, Salaita reconciles his past with his future. His restlessness has found a home, yet his return to academe is met with the same condition of fugitivity from whence he was expelled: an occasion for defiance, not conciliation. An Honest Living presents an intimate personal narrative of the author’s decade of professional joys and travails."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-A0W29J3zQ">
    <title>Is AI Going to RUIN Writing For Good? (w/ Corey Robin) - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2023-09-07T23:27:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-A0W29J3zQ</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This week, author, professor of political science, & political theorist Corey Robin joins Briahna Joy Gray on Bad Faith to unpack his recent article about how AI is disrupting how writing is taught across the country. The tech/ Chat GPT has gotten so good that it's nearly undetectable, and the temptation to cheat on at home essays is making many teachers consider whether all essay writing should happen in class. But the trade offs are obvious: Should limited class time time be taken up by in class essays? Is it worth asking whether the pedological benefit of at home essays is worth losing dynamic, socratic in class learning. What are we trying to teach kids with long form writing assignments anyway. Is writing obsolete? Should we lean into technological help in writing the way we've all become accustomed to spell check? Didn't Captain Kirk teach us that rigging technology to help you ace a test isn't actually cheating at all?"

[See also:

"The End of the Take-Home Essay? How ChatGPT changed my plans for the fall"
https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-end-of-the-take-home-essay

"How ChatGPT changed my plans for the fall"
https://coreyrobin.com/2023/07/30/how-chatgpt-changed-my-plans-for-the-fall/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://thedigradio.com/podcast/higher-ed-crisis-w-dennis-hogan/">
    <title>Higher Ed Crisis w/ Dennis Hogan · The Dig</title>
    <dc:date>2023-02-13T21:43:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thedigradio.com/podcast/higher-ed-crisis-w-dennis-hogan/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Featuring Dennis Hogan on the crisis in higher education. The first in a two-part series. Next up: Donna Murch and Todd Wolfson on how university workers can fight back through industrial unionism."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/two-acclaimed-writers-on-the-art-of-revising-your-life/id1548604447?i=1000541215752">
    <title>The Ezra Klein Show: Two Acclaimed Writers on the Art of Revising Your Life on Apple Podcasts</title>
    <dc:date>2022-10-14T20:16:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/two-acclaimed-writers-on-the-art-of-revising-your-life/id1548604447?i=1000541215752</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://jenlowe.substack.com/p/rubbing-on-my-calm-strips ]

[transcript:
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/09/podcasts/transcript-ezra-klein-show-kiese-laymon.html 

"KIESE LAYMON: It was and, you know, like this is where I just think words, we have to remember words are word. And they have histories, but they also are alive. And so like I was baptized into NWA. And, yes, I can be like, well, all of the rape — because they literally rapped about rape — all of the murder, that was over there. But fuck, OK, you can say all that if you want to.

But for me, when I’m asking these white folk down here to divest themselves of the worst of Mississippi, the worst of this nation, the worst of white folk, yes, but then I also have to be willing to divest myself of sometimes the things that are like wholly ableist, like absolutely completely queer and trans antagonist. And like that song, a song that made me feel like I could walk with my head up is also a song that is like steeped in that stuff. So like I’m not trying to do any sort of like — prove to anybody I’m better than anybody by not fucking with that song.

But like I need to not fuck with that song because I don’t need more incentive to believe the ideas in that song. And I have plenty of incentives to believe the ideas in that song. That’s me. You know what I’m saying? This isn’t for somebody else. It’s because like I’m already queer antagonistic. I’m already trans antagonistic. I’m already anti-Black. I’m already misogynist.

If I know certain things are going to encourage me to be more, I need to, as a grown human being who creates art, be like, I’ve got to divest myself of that art. And I think that’s what we all have to do as human beings in this world if we want to move to a more honest, tender place. I can’t control the world, but I can control what I do, you know?

TRESSIE MCMILLAN COTTOM: That seems to me like a really good response to the argument that we are always supposed to take art within its historical context, you know, this idea that you cannot judge art by contemporary standards and ethics. And what you’re saying is, no, you — not only can you, but as the artist, you had better, right, that that is an imperative for the art to do what you want it to do in the world. You know what one of my greatest fears is, Kiese?

KIESE LAYMON: What’s that?

TRESSIE MCMILLAN COTTOM: Creating something and putting it out in the world thinking that it’s going to make something I care about better and people finding something in it to make the exact counterargument. I worry constantly when I release something. I spend manic hours up in like 2:00, 3:00, 4:00 A.M. trying to find every way that somebody could misconstrue my meaning to counteract what I intended. And I think of your ethic of a revision there saying, it starts with you the artist, you the creator, as, you know, being a response to that, of holding yourself responsible. I’ve got to hold myself responsible for that as much as I do the people I’m afraid of.

KIESE LAYMON: And it’s tough to make lush art because — like you talked about secondary characterization before. Like if I bring in a secondary character who has a notion of progress that I don’t have, you know, like my mother, for example. My mother’s belief to this day, even post “Heavy” is like, we don’t have rearview mirrors. Do not talk to me about the past. I don’t want to hear nothing about the past, my mama says, right?

TRESSIE MCMILLAN COTTOM: Yeah.

KIESE LAYMON: So when I put that in a book and then I see it quoted back on Instagram, we don’t need to look back into the past. The past is — I’m like, but fam, you’re quoting somebody that the book is actually arguing about. But they don’t see it that way. They’ll be like, Kiese said, don’t look back at the past. You know what I mean? So I just think it’s — I feel you the same way, but I also just feel like once you bring in other characters who start saying things that a lot of people might agree with, they’ll give that shit to you even though you’re trying to say the opposite."]

"Many of the most contentious debates right now center on whether we, as individuals — and as a country — are willing to revise. To revise our understanding of history. To revise the kind of language we use. To revise the nature of our personal, and national, identities. To revise how we act in our everyday relationships.

Revision like this is often necessary, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy. Making fundamental changes to the way we think, speak and act requires the kind of self-scrutiny, discomfort and sacrifice that many of us would rather avoid.

There are few public figures who model revision — of one’s work and one’s life — as openly and honestly as Kiese Laymon. Laymon has written the prizewinning memoir “Heavy” as well as essays for The New York Times, ESPN and the Oxford American. His nonfiction tackles sports, popular culture, the politics of literary publishing and, above all, his home state of Mississippi. On every page, you’ll find wit, but also heart-stopping vulnerability and a reckoning with tough love: for himself, his kin, his community and the complicated places where he has spent his life.

Laymon has mastered the art of revising his own words. But for him, revision is also a moral, even a spiritual, act — a crucial part of becoming a loving and responsible human being. He is the first to admit that he is a work in progress, that each period of his life is a draft that can be improved. In a way, Laymon thinks of his entire life as an act of revision. And he nurtures a radical hope that America can change for the better, too.

This conversation focuses on how Laymon thinks about revision. But it also considers how he navigates a publishing world that often puts pressure on minority-group artists to suppress their full identities to appeal to white audiences, the way his writing pushes the boundaries of conventional genre and canon, why Americans have such a hard time reassessing ourselves and what we can gain from trying to change.

Mentioned:
"A Southern Gothic" by Adia Victoria

Book Recommendations:
South to America by Imani Perry
Shoutin' in the Fire by Danté Stewart
Abolition for the People by Colin Kaepernick

This episode is guest-hosted by Tressie McMillan Cottom, a sociologist and writer whose work focuses on higher education policy, popular culture, race, beauty and more. She writes a weekly New York Times newsletter and is the author of “Thick and Other Essays,” which was a finalist for the National Book Award, and “Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy.” You can follow her on Twitter @TressieMcPhD. (Learn more about the other guest hosts during Ezra’s parental leave here.)


You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of "The Ezra Klein Show" at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast, and you can find Ezra on Twitter @ezraklein. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShDFFAROHRU">
    <title>The Sinking Middle Class: A Political History of Debt, Misery, and the Drift to the Right - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2022-07-21T04:44:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ShDFFAROHRU</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Join David Roediger and Nan Enstad as they challenge the “save the middle class” rhetoric that dominates our political imagination.

The slogan, “save the middle class,” has become ubiquitous within political circles, despite the fact that it misleads us regarding class, nation, and race. Talk of middle class salvation reinforces myths that the US is a providentially middle class nation.

In these discussions the middle class is implicitly white and presented—usually by liberal commentators—as unheard amidst concerns for racial justice and for the poor.

In this launch for David Roediger’s The Sinking Middle Class, the author will be joined by Nan Enstad for a discussion how the image of the United States as a middle class nation corresponds to neither contemporary nor historical reality.

Get The Sinking Middle Class: A Political History of Debt, Misery, and the Drift to the Right from Haymarket: https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/1879-the-sinking-middle-class

Speakers:

Nan Enstad is the Buttel-Sewell Professor of Community and Environmental Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison and the author of Cigarettes Inc: An Intimate History of Corporate Imperialism. Her research and teaching examines the history of global capitalism and how people have lived and struggled within and against it. She has longstanding commitments to cultural, anti-racist, ethnic, labor, queer, and gender studies that inform how she approach any subject. She is currently exploring controversies around large-scale animal agriculture.

David Roediger teaches in American Studies, History, and African and African American Studies at University of Kansas. His recent books include How Race Survived United States History and Class, Race and Marxism."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://theconvivialsociety.substack.com/p/the-face-stares-back?s=r">
    <title>The Face Stares Back - by L. M. Sacasas</title>
    <dc:date>2022-04-05T06:50:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://theconvivialsociety.substack.com/p/the-face-stares-back?s=r</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["When the gaze of the machine bears down on us in judgment, we cannot look back. And perhaps it is in the looking back that attention can resist the temptation to objectify the person upon which it fixes. If we are tempted to make an object of the other, their gaze meeting ours can reassert their personhood and their integrity as subjects. There is a reason why averted eyes have been insisted upon as a sign of deference by those who would treat others as little more than objects or property."

[See also:

"The Uncanny Gaze of the Machine"
https://theconvivialsociety.substack.com/p/the-uncanny-gaze-of-the-machine?s=r ]]]></description>
<dc:subject>lmsacasas attention automation machines machinelearning technology assessment evaluation deference 2022 objectification personhood integrity judgement surveillance</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/13/22972989/journey-10-year-anniversary-multiplayer-jenova-chen-austin-wintory">
    <title>10 years later, there’s still nothing like Journey’s multiplayer - The Verge</title>
    <dc:date>2022-03-14T01:37:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/13/22972989/journey-10-year-anniversary-multiplayer-jenova-chen-austin-wintory</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Journey turns 10 years old today, March 13th, and I still haven’t experienced anything like that moment. To mark the anniversary and learn more about the game’s bond-forging multiplayer, I spoke with Jenova Chen, president and creative director of Journey developer thatgamecompany. While it may feel like the game is effortlessly pairing you with companions as you go along, based on what he told me, it wasn’t quite that simple.

The goal for Journey was to “innovate how it feels between people on the internet,” Chen said. “Can we invent the right environment, the right feedback, to bring out something that we’re more proud of? And to have an online game where people feel friendly and compassionate towards each other?” He elaborated further later in our conversation. “We want to see two people going through the journey together, [like when] in our life, we meet someone special, and we travel with them, and eventually, we might depart from each other.”

While it was a profound ideal, “the reality is: human beings, unfortunately, are giant babies in the virtual world,” Chen said. “No matter how old you are, even if you’re in your 70s, if we move you from Earth and into a virtual space, [that person] would become a giant baby. A baby doesn’t know what is a good moral value versus what is a bad moral value. The baby only knows: if I’m in a new environment, I’m going to try to push the buttons and see what kind of feedback I can get, and babies are great at looking for maximum feedback.”

To encourage compassion, the team tested a lot of ideas. They tried a system inspired by Gears of War that let you help out an incapacitated friend but found that even in playtests among the developers, the player would rather not help the other person out. “That way, they create a lot of anxiety in the other player and make the other player more angry. And they actually get more gratification out of the feedback,” Chen said.

They also tested a mechanic where one person could push the other high up, and then that person would pull the first. “But once we gave this physics simulation to the players, they chose to push each other off the wall and see them fall from the cliff and die, waiting to be helped,” Chen said.

During those tests, people would say, “I would rather play this game alone. Why do you force me to play with this other person? I hate them,” according to Chen. That’s because “killing is much bigger feedback than just helping the other person to get on a ledge,” Chen said.

The challenges of making those mechanics work affected Chen. “At the time, I was like, ‘Is humanity at its core just dark?’” he said. But a child psychologist helped Chen see things in terms of the way babies view feedback. “If you don’t want babies to do something terrible, give them zero feedback,” he recalled learning from her. “Don’t give them negative feedback because they will misinterpret that as positive feedback.”

That led to a change that would have a huge effect on the game: when you got close to someone, you’d recharge their energy. (In the final game, you use your energy to fly.) “And so that makes people feel like ‘Oh, I love to stay near someone because I don’t have to run to find the energy,’” he said. “So they end up sticking together, and they travel together, and they form a companionship. That was just one simple change. From assholes who want to kill each other and dancing around their corpse, creating hatred, to ‘hey, they’re all lovey-dovey, they’re helping each other, and they couldn’t leave each other.’”

The team also had to experiment to land on the musical chirps that players can use to communicate with each other. They tried a “thumbs up and thumbs down idea” where you could push the thumbstick up to show a green ping and push it down to show a red ping. But in testing, the majority of pings were red as players spammed them to bug their partner to do what they wanted, which created feelings of stress.

“Eventually, we realized it’s better just to keep it neutral,” Chen said. “And then we let the frequency and the amplitude [of the ping] be interpreted by the other player. But we noticed that when we don’t add context, people usually interpret the other person’s intention positively. I think that’s deep down our human nature.”

Even though the chirp is intended to be neutral, it’s not a static noise. It’s almost like a musical instrument, and its sound evolves throughout the game, Journey composer Austin Wintory told me. “At the very beginning of the game, it’s very bird-like, and there’s flute and little bits of cello,” he said. But over the course of the game, you’ll hear more of a human voice within that sound. “So by the time you’re in the clouds and the very big finale, especially if you do one of the big charged up [pings], you can really hear there’s a human voice in there.” (The human voice used in the pings is Lisbeth Scott, who sings Journey’s end credits.)

*******

The humanity in the design of Journey, from the human voice in the chirps to the multiplayer design that encourages cooperation, is so much of what makes the game memorable for me. As I climbed the mountain with my companion the first time I played the game, I realize now that while I may have been huddled close to my friend to try and share my energy, deep down, I just wanted to do everything I could to help them get up that mountain — and I knew they were doing the same for me.

Ahead of talking to Chen and Wintory, I replayed Journey for the first time since it came out. Despite how much I love the game, I’ve always worried another run would change how I feel about it. I was so fearful of how it might contort my memories that I was actively procrastinating on playing it.

To my surprise, the experience was just as powerful. Ten years on, there are still people playing Journey, and I met four other companions who were part of my adventure. I even made a new friend who stuck by my side through the snowy climb to the mountain’s summit — and through the joyful flight to the peak."]]></description>
<dc:subject>jenovachen journey games gaming cooperation videogames 2022 play competition behavior feedback assessment neutrality childpsychology motivation unschooling deschooling backatthebase lcproject social collaboration humannature human humans</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGfuY9ivnW8">
    <title>Manish Jain: Modern Schooling and the Corporate Agenda - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2021-10-20T20:41:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGfuY9ivnW8</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Manish Jain is a leading critic of the “hidden curriculum” of modern compulsory education, and the founder of Shikshantar, The Peoples’ Institute for Rethinking Education and Development, based in Udaipur, India. This talk was given at ISEC’s Economics of Happiness conference, held in Berkeley, California, in March 2012. For more information about Shikshantar, go to www.swaraj.org/shikshantar. To learn more about ISEC’s work, go to www.theeconomicsofhappiness.org

Follow Local Futures:
https://www.facebook.com/LocalFutures.TheEconomicsofHappiness
https://www.instagram.com/localfutures_/
https://twitter.com/localfutures_/ “]]></description>
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    <title>Mothering and the Racialised Production of School and Property Value in New York City - Kromidas - - Antipode - Wiley Online Library</title>
    <dc:date>2021-09-26T00:14:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anti.12780</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[full article accessible here:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/anti.12780 ]

“This article explores middle-class mothers’ labours associated with relocating for a “good school” in NYC as they navigated the material and ideological structures of scarcity related to its highly unequal school system. Based on ethnographic research with a diverse group of women in a middle-class area, I document the multiple ongoing labours associated with this “choice”, and trace how the neoliberal education complex (that includes testing and real estate industries, and school rating websites) compels women to perform them. Through the lenses of Marxist feminism and racial capitalism, I demonstrate how these labours produce school and property value that reinscribe race onto space. While middle-class women are disciplined and their labours coerced, their labours are routed to dispossess working-class communities of colour, and reproduce the racial hierarchy of human-ness on which capital depends. This article underscores the role of gender and race-making in middle-class reproduction, and their linkage to elite accumulation and working-class dispossession.”

…

“Drawing from a larger ethnographic project exploring mothers’ care work in a middle-class area of New York City (NYC), this article focuses on labours associated with relocating for children’s schooling. I underline the complexity of these labours and women’s multi-layered struggles to manage the demands of being a good mom in NYC, a central node of capital accumulation where parenting is defined by scarcity and high-stakes competition related to its unequal educational system superimposed over racially segregated neighbourhoods. I demonstrate how schools—as part of an economic infrastructure that includes real estate, testing, tutoring industries, and school ratings websites—are dependent on and held together by discourses and practices of intensive mothering. Within neoliberalism, mothers are held as “the most important factor in determining a child’s life chances” (Jensen 2018:16). The school industrial complex and ideologies of mothering converge to coerce the significant increase of mothers’ labours associated with neoliberalism. Feminist geographers of education and parenting demonstrate how decisive class and place are in differentiating mothers’ experiences of these demands (Holloway and Pimlott-Wilson 2016, 2019; Katz 2018; Pimlott-Wilson and Hall 2017). While the values and norms of “intensive mothering” are more or less shared across class locations, the ability to perform the labours associated with them are not, and are thus a key factor in the reproduction of class inequalities (Holloway and Pimlott-Wilson 2016; Pimlott-Wilson and Hall 2017). In parallel, critical geographers of education find that school choice policies exacerbate and reproduce class and racial inequalities of urban space (Yoon et al. 2018). The specific goals of this article are not to verify this nor add to the list of mechanisms by which school choice and mothers’ labours do/ do not secure their children’s futures in highly differentiated classed patterns. Rather, my concerns turn on a different argument about how middle-class reproduction through school choice is predicated on gendered and racial subjugation in a way that enables and links poor and working-class dispossession with elite accumulation.

My focal concern with mothers’ labours is in terms of their relational aspect of class formation. Cindi Katz’s (2018:726) work on middle-class parenting is exceptional in this regard, emphasising that the middle-class “fortress” is not just connected with but built upon the wasted environments of poor and working-class families and children, a “zero sum game” in which the casualty is “other people’s children”. Building on Katz’s analysis, this project maps the class, gendered, and racialised relations of domination in which middle-class mothers’ labours are implicated. In terms of gender, I demonstrate how despite their relative privilege in performing certain labours vis-a-vis working-class and poor mothers, women’s labours are less a choice in the conventional sense than coerced. While (more firmly) securing their children’s advantages vis-a-vis the working-class, these labours have significant costs that foreclose women’s opportunities, restrict their mobility, and generate social and psychic conundrums—all while generating value appropriated by capital. Furthermore, I demonstrate how middle-class mothers’ labours to secure a “good school” produces financial value of property that reinscribes race onto space. Most devastatingly, these labours ultimately reproduce race, the key organising principle and “ethico-political signifier” of the modern era, as hierarchy of humanness (Ferreira da Silva 2015:91; Wynter 2003:309–311). Tracing how mothers’ embodied labours and love are entangled in the violence of race-making which proceed through apparently a-racial registers, I argue that middle-class mothers, the prime agents of reproduction, can be of any race, to reproduce racial violence. I turn to conceptual tools that help establish the circuits of value in which middle-class reproductive labours are enmeshed, and how they involve gender and race subjugation which facilitates capital accumulation.”

…

“Reproducing Racialised Value of Life Itself

Mothers producing racialised value through their labours is perhaps more urgent to grasp not in the financial but the symbolic register. This entails thinking about evaluation as a measure that exceeds monetising social value to consider evaluation as measuring the value of life itself. My thinking on the differential valuation of life is developed from Sylvia Wynter’s theorisation of the foundational role of race in the construction of the human and the particular ways subjects are instituted and realise themselves within symbolic templates of value and non-value (Wynter 2015:199200).8 Indeed evaluating students is an inherently bizarre practice that is dependent on racialised ways of knowing and initiates students into those symbolic templates (Kromidas 2020). Rendering human life in standardised, quantifiable, and exchangeable commodity logics is “rooted in and reflects a racialist humanism that persists in producing and valuing whiteness over the lives of people of colour” (Bhandar 2017:295). The racial ontology of the human—white supremacy and anti-Blackness—is always at work when schools evaluate students (Au 2015:21). It is built into curriculum, belonging, discipline, and the resulting testing data on which school ratings are based.  Schooling and its systematic devaluing of Black life produces racial human-ness in the ever-lurking spectre that haunts the US educational system—the so-called achievement gap.9 Confronting the stark chromatics in the empirical fact of the gap is a key way that subjects are hailed into the deathly apparatus of race in the neoliberal era (Kromidas 2019). Here I show how the neoliberal education complex proliferates school ratings in public, redoubles their mapping onto an already racialised urban landscape, capitalises ratings into property values that rely on and reproduce race, to ultimately reproduce the racialised value of life itself. In short, neoliberal schooling recruits middle-class mothers, of any race, into the devaluing of Black and Brown lives.

Middle-class mothers, squeezed by the rapacious tentacles of capital into their contradictory location in reproduction, facilitate capital accumulation through racialised and gendered difference-making. Capital and state, through the neoliberal educational complex, harness middle-class mothers’ labours in ways that effect material, social, and psychic harm, debase their labours of love for their children, channel their labours to dispossess the working-class and poor, and reinscribe white supremacy and anti-Blackness. My analysis underlines the apparently racial neutrality by which maternal subjects of any race are recruited into this deathly race-making, redoubled in its insidious surface neutrality. My argument, that middle-class women are a crucial cog in the reproduction of the capitalist totality, has an important corollary. Middle-class women’s political position, by the very nature of their contradictory location in reproduction, is up for grabs vis-a-vis reproducing or abolishing capitalism. None of the mothers in my research was satisfied with the high-stakes and pressure of their child’s schooling, their role in shepherding them through it, and, most of all, a future, not even guaranteed, of perpetual work and insecurity. Neoliberal restructuring has brought the perpetual havoc that has always characterised working-class reproduction—the “crisis of care”—to the middle-class. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and exacerbated it. Racial capitalism and the state direct middle-class mothers’ labours, love, and energy for their children toward our collective immiseration. This need not be so; there are cracks which can be channelled towards ways of being and relating aimed at our collective flourishing.”

[https://twitter.com/ChildFragments/status/1437803914540298250

how the neoliberal education complex coerces & routes mothers’ labors to find “a good school” to reproduce the racial hierarchy of humanness. My new article “Mothering & the racialized production of school and property value in NYC” in the neoliberal ed complex is NYC’s highly un= schools attached to an infrastructure of testing & real estate industries & school rating websites. Websites reify & compound racial inequity baked into test scores, more firmly anchor race onto space BUT APPEAR RACIALLY NEUTRAL!

“capital & state manufacture scarcity, proliferate school ratings in public, redouble their mapping onto an already racialized urban landscape, capitalize ratings into property values that rely on & reproduce race, to ultimately reproduce the racialized value of life itself.”

tldr: I show how neoliberal schooling recruits middle-class mothers,
of any race, into the devaluing of Black and Brown lives.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>mariakromidas 2021 race capitalism neoliberalism racialcapitalism mothers mothering schools schooling economics realestate property class middleclass accumulation parenting dispossession testing nyc maps mapping ratings rankings standardization standardizedtesting assessment schoolchoice poverty children workingclass cindikatz inequality canon education educationindustrialcomplex brennabhandar sylviawynter racism blakcness denisefrreiradasilva capitalaccumulatioon cities segregation labor work schooldistricts nyps pandemic covid-19 coronavirus coercion traceyjensen marxism feminism racialhierarchy</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://placesjournal.org/article/redesigning-colonial-landscapes/">
    <title>Utu in the Anthropocene</title>
    <dc:date>2021-09-01T16:09:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://placesjournal.org/article/redesigning-colonial-landscapes/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Demanding nothing less than the co-option of all peoples to a planetary master narrative that is by its very nature out of control?”

…

“My experience as a “Pākehā with a whakapapa” has meant that I slip in and out of speech acts, and my western academic preferences for abstract nouns and distancing phraseology undermines what I’m trying to say. 5 Speaking as a full-time member of the colonizing settler society and a part-time member of a Māori community, I find I have issues.”

…

“Personhood is developed through an intervolvement with the social and ecological environment in which persons are immersed. In order to exercise the right to self-determination, it is necessary that the physical public realm be a shared condition—a space constructed collectively. But to call it “space” is to inhibit and delimit the condition, for it is not only spatially but also materially and socially productive, compulsive, and interactive. It affects bodies and bodies affect it.”

…

“Indigenous value systems are altered not only because the colonizers break them deliberately but merely because they are there.”

…

“Tribal leader Te Maire Tau recently said: “You can talk about people selling land, you can talk about urbanization, but fundamentally the reason why this village was destroyed was because Māori weren’t allowed to live here.””

…

“It is the basis, for instance, of a sculpture by New Zealand artist Michael Parekowhai. The Indefinite Article consists of the letters I.A.M.H.E., constructed of white-painted plywood. The Māori word he means a or some in English. The five letters form an anagram of Parekowhai’s Christian name, but leave out the two letters C and L which are not found in the Māori alphabet, as if he has dropped the Anglo aspect of his name. This is an especially resonant reference. Moses beseeched God: When they ask what is your name, what shall I tell them? He said: I AM THAT I AM. This is my name forever. When Māori returned to consciousness in Aotearoa, it was not as native Pākehā, but as who they are.”

…

“The myth of Māori return is important to Pākehā, as it marks a generous reconfiguration of the unwritten laws regarding who can speak. But Māori never went away. They just became mute, invisible.”

…

“Neoliberal discourse tends to think “the job is done” when Indigenous peoples have been afforded the same social and political rights (in theory) as the settler community. And western ways of being human remain the standard, the norm. This is not simply a historical condition.”

…

“The renaissance of the Indigenous is central to the redesign of the Anthropocene. But the settler community of New Zealand continues to regard its political ecologies as the standard against which Indigenous rights and welfare should be measured. There is no standard, however.”

…

“The very term “research,” as Linda Tuhiwai Smith argues in her classic Decolonizing Methodologies, “is inextricably linked to European imperialism and colonialism. The word itself … is probably one of the dirtiest words in the indigenous world’s vocabulary.””

…

“Part of the metaphysical, environmental, and social value of indigenous knowledge to western systems is its incompatibility with those systems. Its incompossibility, if you like. Incommensurability. The much-lauded convergence of western science and Indigenous science does not really, when you look at it, seem a convergence at all. Moreover, convergence is a western science narrative.”

…

“And more: it’s not just that Indigenous knowledges are disregarded but that they are actually undermined by the ongoing effects of colonialism in the business of doing science.”

…

“Western science is, then, another form of assimilation. Māori do not need to do science to understand how the world works. Nor do they need scientists to tell them. But scientists want to conscript Māori knowledge into the scholarly-professional system of western science. For the purposes of legitimation and expediency, of course, but also because it’s clear that Indigenous peoples have known something important for a long time that western science simply cannot know.”

…

“For Māori, the bestowing of personhood on the Whanganui River of New Zealand is, then, a re-enactment of a relationship they already had with the waterway. In this case it required two centuries of physical and legal struggle by the Whanganui tribes against colonial control of the river, culminating in their cri de coeur “I am the river, and the river is me.” 11 For landscape architects, there is an aspect of this reciprocal relationship that is, as it were, shovel-ready: the concept of ecological equilibrium. LAs know that equilibrium is not the default position of ecosystems; that these interactive webs of mineral and biotic conditions actually flourish best when they are far-from-equilibrium. Instability is the key to life. 12 This insight is critical because human ecologies are similarly energized by instability and contingency; this is a fact that architects and urban designers fail to recognize when they call for a social realm characterized by harmony and balance. Colonizer and colonized can never achieve such an equilibrious condition. At best, an agonistic relationship, ambivalent and provisional, can be negotiated. 13 Just as the Whanganui River inundates, withdraws, muddies up, and continually adjusts its course, those who live on its banks do much the same.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.instagram.com/p/CODcNeEMLVq/?igshid=u1tqr1jsv27b">
    <title>indigenizing arts education🪶 on Instagram: “&quot;How does perfectionism show up in your practice? or, ways we perpetuate white supremacy + settler-colonial culture as arts educators.&quot;…”</title>
    <dc:date>2021-04-24T22:49:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.instagram.com/p/CODcNeEMLVq/?igshid=u1tqr1jsv27b</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[""How does perfectionism show up in your practice? or, ways we perpetuate white supremacy + settler-colonial culture as arts educators."

✅IS THE CREATION PROCESS VALUED?

If you provide grades or feedback, do learners receive grades and feedback on process or product?

❌IS A PRODUCT THE GOAL?

✅Do learners know it's ok to not "finish" a project or assignment? How is their process affirmed as the valuable component?

✅By honoring process, you affirm the value of learning as a radical act. Of mistakes as vulnerability. ❌Product-centered classrooms breed competition and disrupt connection.

✅Process-centered classrooms affirm the right to make mistakes, to grow publicly, to take your time, to reflect. Process-centered classrooms make space for connection over competition.

🫀Honoring process is traditional."]]></description>
<dc:subject>grades grading teaching howweteach assessment unfinished 2021 whitesupremacy settlercolonialism arteducation education perfectionism learning howwelearn unschooling deschooling feedback pedagogy mistakes vulnerability process competition connection relationships howwelearned</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/zunguzungu/status/1382365982862188547">
    <title>Aaron Bady on Twitter: &quot;In idle moments--when not doing my professional work as an editor of written content--I wonder if the original sin of essay writing in schools is the assumption that no one would ever want to read the things students write, and so </title>
    <dc:date>2021-04-15T05:21:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/zunguzungu/status/1382365982862188547</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In idle moments–when not doing my professional work as an editor of written content–I wonder if the original sin of essay writing in schools is the assumption that no one would ever want to read the things students write, and so the entire exercise becomes about evaluation

When I edit something someone is writing, we WORK TOGETHER (ideally) to produce a thing to be read by people other than me; when I’d grade papers, an antagonistic relationship between student and teacher always interposed itself, because the paper was ultimately FOR evaluation

(I don’t mean to diminish all the different creative workarounds that people have come up with for this problem, but there it still is, isn’t it)

(Ironically, I think my years of working as a professional editor would have made me a much better English professor, even though those are the very years in which my PhD “went bad” and I became an unemployable pariah (even if there were academic jobs, which there are not)

A good example of what most of the time DOESN’T happen:
@scottsaul4’s class put together a legitimately fun publication analyzing Key and Peele sketches: https://ageofobama.berkeley.edu/key-and-peele/

Some of it is very “student work” but a lot of it is also kind of outstanding and thought-provoking."]]></description>
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    <title>Brian Sonenstein on Twitter: &quot;The issue with “evidenced based reimagining of policing” or whatever is that it takes policing itself for granted, which is the whole fucking problem. It’s that implied inevitability that narrows the scope of evidence t</title>
    <dc:date>2020-12-03T00:24:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/bsonenstein/status/1334135501809389568</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“The issue with “evidenced based reimagining of policing” or whatever is that it takes policing itself for granted, which is the whole fucking problem. It’s that implied inevitability that narrows the scope of evidence to a degree that makes this scientific posturing an ugly joke

You cannot have a meaningfully “evidence based” assessment of policing that conveniently skips over evidence as to the efficacy of policing in the first place!

This is ghastly in part because it provides rhetorical refuge for avoiding meaningful confrontations with policing as it actually defines and maintains relations in the US. Instead were only allowed to discuss how something permanent can be managed a little more softly

Imagine seeing a report like this that actually grapples with this reality in the open. And then such a report trying to make these reformist recommendations seriously. People would see the farce plainly. “Evidence based” reformers avoid this because they have to for consistency”

[same applies to schooling]]]></description>
<dc:subject>briansonenstein policing policereform lawenforcement reform unschooling deschooling evidencebased evidence assessment 2020 policeabolition defunding prisonabolition</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9zVl0tTRwU">
    <title>Notes from the Twilight: Meditations on Crisis, Catastrophe and Genocide - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2020-11-13T16:19:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9zVl0tTRwU</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A virtual conversation with Bedour Alagraa, Zoé Samudzi, and SA Smythe, moderated by Robin D. G. Kelley.
----------------------------------------------------

In “What the Twilight Says,” Derek Walcott wrote that “the noblest are those who are trapped, who have accepted the twilight,” a reference to the the hinge-point between old and new forms of domination, poetics, and unresolved historical conjunctures. Join Bedour Alagraa, Zoé Samudzi, and SA Smythe in conversation with Robin D.G. Kelley on the colonial, carceral, and plantation logics underpinning the defining crises of our time: what Bedour Alagraa refers to in her scholarship as “the interminable catastrophe” and SA Smythe describes as “death by numbers.” 
----------------------------------------------------

Speakers:

Dr. Bedour Alagraa’s The Interminable Catastrophe: Fatal Liberalisms, Plantation Logics, and Black Political Life in the Wake of Disaster charts a conceptual history of catastrophe as a political category, via its crystallization as a concept on the plantation. Alagraa explores the limits of current conversations concerning ecological catastrophe, against the discourse of “imminent disaster” and anthropocene studies, considers these occurrences as expressions of the durability of plantation modes of social relations, rendering them political conjunctures rather than ecological Events.

Zoé Samudzi’s work focuses on German colonialism, the Herero and Nama genocide, and its afterlife. In examining the intimate relationship between biomedicine and Germany’s first genocide, Samudzi traces an ideological and material continuity from this 1904 genocide in southwestern Africa to the structuring of Nazi genocide less than 40 years later that illustrates yet again the colonial roots of authoritarianism. Her most recent works on Black anarchism (including As Black as Resistance, co-authored with William C. Anderson) explore our current crises of authoritarianism."

Dr. SA Smythe’s Where Blackness Meets the Sea: On Crisis, Culture, and the Black Mediterranean traces a contemporary history of Europe’s racialized notions of citizenship and Black belonging in the wake of Europe’s self-initiated migration crises. Smythe explores the ongoing colonial logics of xenophobia, anti-blackness, and racial capitalism across Europe, East Africa, and the Mediterranean and emphasizes intertwined Black and migrant struggles with an analysis of literary and other political responses to the violence of national borders and Europe’s economics-driven valuation of human life.

The conversation will be moderated by Robin D.G. Kelley, whose forthcoming book, Black Bodies Swinging, is a historical autopsy narrating the slave patrols and lynch law of the Deep South to segregated housing, the war on drugs, slum clearance, predatory lending, and extraction of wealth. Kelley draws a direct line from the “blood at the root”—the racial terror at the heart of the American social and economic order—to the latest casualties of that terror, including the lives and deaths of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Eric Garner, Breonna Taylor, and so many others."]]></description>
<dc:subject>bedouralagraa zoéasamudzi sasmythe robindgkelley crisis catastrophe genocide resistance liberalism capitalism communism anarchism blacklivesmatter blackness sylviawynter citizenship aimécésaire derekwalcott narrative poetics poetry illegibility webdubois liminality paradigmshifts danielgoldhagen germany us history future donaldtrump colonialism colonization europe eugenics robinkelley indigenous indigeneity nationstates violence self-defense mutualaid eliminationism carceralstate abolition abolitionism justice economics 2020 surveillance unschooling deschooling covid-19 coronavirus pandemic academia science art creativity imagination genetics productivity whiteness whitesupremacy racialcapitalism prisons police borders sorting assessment evaluation caribbean climatechange walterbenjamin kamaubrathwaite antiblackness judeophobia antisemitism namibia sudan ww2 nazis italy fascism hitler palestine antiracism race racism michaelrothberg internationalism solidarity settlercolonization southafrica rhodesia</dc:subject>
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    <title>The errors of redemptive sociology or giving up on hope and despair: British Journal of Sociology of Education: Vol 41, No 6</title>
    <dc:date>2020-10-07T19:42:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01425692.2020.1755230</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“This paper considers the sociology of education (SOE) as a modern human science. It suggests that the SOE is mired in a set of unreflexive, redemptive, Enlightment rationalities, and explores the messy relationships of the sociology with education that result from this. It is argues that the sociology of education has consistently failed to distance itself from the metaphysics, optimism and oppressions of modern schooling. That it has failed to call into question either the basic building blocks of schooling, or what we call education – pedagogy, curriculum and assessment – or the buildings themselves, the spaces of education. The paper concludes by asserting to need for critique rather than simply criticism as a starting point for thinking education differently.”

[See also: https://soundcloud.com/eetheducationesearcher/the-sociology-of-education-policy-stephen-ball ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://soundcloud.com/eetheducationesearcher/the-sociology-of-education-policy-stephen-ball">
    <title>The sociology of education policy (Stephen Ball) by Meet The Education Researcher</title>
    <dc:date>2020-10-07T05:39:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://soundcloud.com/eetheducationesearcher/the-sociology-of-education-policy-stephen-ball</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[““Sociology of education has devoted itself to saving, reforming, improving, perfecting the school … I now believe that it is a doomed enterprise. The school is an irredeemable institution”.

Prof. Stephen Ball (IOE London) is one of the world’s most eminent education researchers – a leading voice in the sociology of education, and a founding name in the area of policy sociology.

We talk about everything from Foucault to the state of pandemic education. We also discus Stephen’s recent provocative writing on the need for education researchers to ‘break their addiction’ to trying to improve schools and schooling.”

…

“For a great majority of my career, I was a redemptive sociologist. I saw, at some level, my role being to save education from the deleterious impacts of neoliberalism or the forces of regression… In a way, I neglected to think about what education is in itself irrespective of those iterations or influences or nuances. I’ve come to realize belatedly that, in fact, really the problem is the school. And the school, for many of us, to a great extent, is education. Sociology has devoted itself to saving, reforming, improving, effecting the school. I now believe that that’s a doomed enterprise. It’s an irredeemable institution. The problem is the institution of school.

And as part of that, we’ve also neglected the fact that sociology of education came into being in relation to school as one of the technologies of government which were aimed at civilizing, in particular, the working class urban population that emerged in the 19th and 20th century. But we distance ourselves from that and see ourselves as having a separate position over and against the school, whereas in fact we have been and continue to be profoundly implicated and imbricated in the maintenance of the school as an institution. So, it’s a form of self-critique, if you like.”

…

“We have to break out addiction to the school as the primary vehicle or meaning for education. We also have to dispense with the architecture that then constructs the school. If you look at most criticism they are related to the idea or based on the idea that we’ve the wrong curricula, we’ve got the wrong pedagogy, and we’ve got the wrong forms assessment, and if we get them right, then everything will be all right. And so what I’m saying is actually the problem is pedagogy, curriculum, and assessment in themselves. So, the first move has to be to create a space in which it’s possible to think about education without reconstructing it on the basis of the architecture that constructs it as a modernist institution. 

I realize that’s an enormously difficult thing to think about and I’ve had some fascinating conversations with people as a result of the paper. And it has been intriguing to see how deeply wedded people are, even, if you like, radicals are wedded to the school. So many of the conversations are littered with “yes, but…” “yes, but we need the school”… “yes, but the school does this”… “yes, but the school is fundamental to the opportunities of working class children.” And moving beyond that is the challenge, moving beyond the “yes, buts” to actually  think openly about doing things in a way that starts from somewhere else.”

[See also:

"The errors of redemptive sociology or giving up on hope and despair" by Stephen J. Ball (2020)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01425692.2020.1755230 ]]]></description>
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    <title>Catherine Burke: Colin Ward and Anarchist Educational Concepts of the 1960s and ’70s: “We make the road by walking.” | Mediathek 78504</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-29T18:19:28+00:00</dc:date>
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https://soundcloud.com/hkw/catherine-burke-colin-ward-ov ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/loss/">
    <title>Is Learning &quot;Lost&quot; When Kids Are Out of School? - Alfie Kohn</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-06T14:59:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.alfiekohn.org/article/loss/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Anguish and even anger are entirely appropriate reactions to the fact that Covid-19 infection rates are still too high in most areas to permit the safe reopening of schools. Not only do many of our kids miss their friends and the chance to make new ones, but school attendance is a prerequisite for millions of parents to go to work. Also, schools provide healthy meals, which matters in a country with appalling levels of poverty and hunger.

The lockdown is bad enough. Must we also deal with the fear that children who aren’t going to school are destined to fall behind academically?

Not necessarily. The research that fuels dire warnings, which largely extrapolates from claims about “summer learning loss” (SLL), is much less persuasive than most people realize.  For example, Paul T. von Hippel at the University of Texas at Austin looked carefully last year at a foundational study on SLL in low-income students and discovered he was unable to replicate its findings, partly because of problems with its methodology, such as a failure to adjust for the difficulty level of the questions.

More important, none of the research on this topic actually shows a diminution in learning — just a drop in standardized test scores (in some subjects, in some situations, for some kids).

By now we shouldn’t be surprised that older studies on SLL, along with attempts to apply it to our current situation, uncritically conflate the results of standardized tests with broader concepts like learning, achievement, educational excellence, or academic success. After all, many politicians, journalists, parents, and even educators make the same mistake.

But as numerous analyses have shown, standardized tests are not just imperfect indicators; they measure what matters least about teaching and learning. And their flaws aren’t limited to specific tests or to how often they’re administered or to the way their results are used. Standardized testing itself, particularly when exams are timed or consist primarily of multiple-choice questions, mostly tell us about two things: the socioeconomic status of the population being tested and the amount of time that’s been spent training students to master standardized tests.

It is entirely possible to raise scores without improving the quality of teaching and learning at all, which means that a bump in those scores isn’t particularly meaningful. Worse, concerted efforts to raise scores often have the effect of lowering the quality of teaching and learning, which means that improved test results may actually be bad news. Indeed, several studies have found that higher scores can signify shallower thinking.

Standardized testing simultaneously overestimates students who are just skilled test-takers and underestimates talented thinkers who aren’t. Sadly, these flawed scores are still widely used to evaluate students, teachers, and schools, which makes them hard to ignore, at least for the time being. But we should view skeptically any claims about education based on these scores — including the supposedly negative effects of missing school.

So, too, for those who are rightly concerned about race- or class-based “achievement gaps”: If these gaps are defined mostly by test results, the goal will be to narrow the test-score gap, which may widen the gap in high-quality instruction and deep learning. Anyone who warns that poor children will suffer disproportionately from closed schools may be romanticizing what was really going on in their schools. The pressure to raise test scores exacerbates an already disturbing dynamic by which the rich get richer and the poor get worksheets.

But is there a real academic “slide” from being out of school, as judged by high-quality, nonstandardized assessments? The honest answer is: We just don’t know. To its credit, the meta-analysis that’s still the most widely cited source on the topic, conducted by Harris Cooper and his colleagues, was accurately titled “The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores,” not “…on Learning.” But even given that narrow focus, it’s noteworthy that the declines were mostly confined to “factual and procedural knowledge” such as “math computation and spelling skills.”

In fact, some studies have shown that the capacity for thinking not only isn’t lost over the summer but may show greater gains then than during the school year. As Peter Gray at Boston College, who reviewed some of that research, puckishly proposed, “Maybe instead of expanding the school year to reduce a summer slide in calculation, we should expand summer vacation to reduce the school-year-slide in reasoning.”

What, after all, does it mean to say that children can “lose what they’ve learned”?  True, time away from school may entail less exposure to academic content, but that shouldn’t be equated with — nor does it imply the absence of — intellectual development. (Similarly, let’s not forget that time away from school doesn’t mean kids can’t flourish in all sorts of other ways: emotionally, physically, artistically, socially, and morally.) Too often, schooling consists of cramming bits of knowledge into students’ short-term memories — by means of lectures, textbooks, worksheets, quizzes, and homework — all enforced with grades. Many of these facts and skills are indeed forgotten, but that doesn’t mean that being out of school is calamitous. Rather, it suggests that we should reexamine what too often takes place in school.

Suppose our kids end up missing a full year of school. When they finally return, they may be unable to recall some of what they were told: the six stages of cell division, or the definition of a simile, or the approved steps for doing long division. Heck, they’ll forget even more facts once they’ve graduated. (Haven’t you?) But over the course of a summer or a year spent at home, they are much less likely to forget how to set up an experiment to test their own hypothesis (if, when they were last at school, they had the chance to do science), or how to write a story that elicits a strong reaction from a reader (if they had been invited to play with prose with that goal in mind), or what it means to divide one number into another (if they were helped to understand mathematical principles from the inside out).

Warnings about academic loss are not just dubious; they’re dangerous. They create pressure on already-stressed-out parents to do more teaching at home — and, worse, to do more of the most traditional, least meaningful kind of teaching that’s geared toward memorizing facts and practicing lists of skills rather than exploring ideas. Parents may just assume this is what instruction is supposed to look like, partly because that’s how they were taught (and no one ever invited them to rethink this model). And if standardized tests rather than authentic kinds of assessment will eventually be used to evaluate their children, parents, like teachers, will be inclined to do what is really just test prep.

We’ve been here before. Claims of slippage in reading proficiency over the summer have led to an awful lot of kids, disproportionately Black and Latino, being sentenced to highly structured remedial summer programs. Richard Allington, a professor at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville who specializes in this issue, points out that such programs, or summer homework assignments, aren’t necessary or even sensible. Rather, he and his colleagues recommend “easy and continuing access to self-selected books for summer reading”—a solution that’s also much less likely to cause kids’ interest in reading — a key predictor of proficiency — to evaporate.

When schools are finally able to open their doors again safely, let’s not return to the status quo ante covid, with its emphasis on the kind of test-focused instruction that can be lost. The good news — at a time when we’re all desperate for some — is that when the learning was meaningful to begin with, it doesn’t slip away."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/DanaJSimmons/status/1300639757165191170">
    <title>Dana Simmons on Twitter: &quot;My kid started Jr. High last week. He couldn't stop talking about how much he loved his History teacher. This afternoon we found him in tears, overcome by stress and self-doubt. His grade for his first short answer homework: 50/1</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-02T17:57:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/DanaJSimmons/status/1300639757165191170</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“My kid started Jr. High last week. He couldn’t stop talking about how much he loved his History teacher.

This afternoon we found him in tears, overcome by stress and self-doubt. His grade for his first short answer homework: 50/100.

…It was graded by an @EdgenuityInc algorithm.

Teachers, for your students’ sake: I get it, teaching online is overwhelming and you can’t do it all. _Please_, use the algorithm to track their learning. But don’t post to them as if it’s a measure of their performance. It’s more destructive than you know.

I see this hurt unfold in my child, caused by an automatic grading algorithm that values only rote repetition, even as I’m reading @Jessifer and other beautiful writing about ungrading. Well, that’s it, I’m done.

I should add that I told him how to game the @EdgenuityInc algorithm: write long answers, include lots of proper names, read the “right” answers and replicate them. This evening he got 80/100, a 30-point spread. What is he learning here?

Algorithm update. He cracked it: Two full sentences, followed by a word salad of all possibly applicable keywords. 100% on every assignment. Students on @EdgenuityInc, there’s your ticket. He went from an F to an A+ without learning a thing.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272275976454537216">
    <title>Dan 태영 on Twitter: &quot;It is absolutely wild and unjust that in many/most schools, you can be *expelled* for having bad grades. Imagine that you were on a hike on a mountain with a group. The group says: if you fall behind, we will kick you out of our gr</title>
    <dc:date>2020-08-20T01:46:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/dantaeyoung/status/1272275976454537216</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“It is absolutely wild and unjust that in many/most schools, you can be *expelled* for having bad grades.

Imagine that you were on a hike on a mountain with a group. The group says: if you fall behind, we will kick you out of our group and leave you behind. Is this a good group? https://twitter.com/av_rose_ev/status/1271978534001471490

<blockquote>social workers can move like cops. public health workers can move like cops. academics can move like cops. teachers and school administrators can move like cops. policing is built into the fabric of so many of our public institutions and infrastructure. we must undo that.</blockquote>

Is it really a place for learning, or a place for fear and competition? Institutions of supposed learning have been sites of policing where you have to be “good enough” to not be exiled. This is deeply violent and policing and harmful. Grading is part of this: a tool of policing

Learning has been systematically harmed by teaching: a culture of grades and exile as primary forms of punishment. As a teacher I can “feel” the expectations and uncertainties of school culture from my students. Institutions of teaching don’t easily support cultures of learning.

This makes me incredibly angry. Every class, it takes a while to get to a place where we can experiment and find things together: the norms of the school is so strong, in all of us. What do we expect, having spent time in schools that hold a carceral mindset? Or an elitist one?

There are alternatives: treat classes like reading groups, or a exploratory research group, where you discover things together. There is only an us. Knowledge isn’t transmitted from teacher to student, rather, learning is about playing together, finding more ways to play together

Learning isn’t lectures; it’s co-learning / cooperative / collective organizing. So many good thinkers and practioners and writings along this line Montessori, Vygotsky, Illich, Ranciere, La Paperson, Jo Freeman. (Do you know any - esp by bipoc?)

Where are the places where learning (not teaching) is really supported and celebrated? Where are the centers of learning that put learning first, that really let us remember what it’s like to discover and explore and be curious, that can actively undo trauma around schools?

Imagine teachers without the inner cop, prison. It’s one thing to do it in a classroom, but we NEED to feel this energy across an entire institution, a joyous co-conspiratory energy of researching and finding and sharing with each other. Full of support, care, mutual respect.

<blockquote>so grateful to @jeffreymoro for articulating so clearly the category of educational “cop shit” (“any pedagogical technique or technology that presumes an adversarial relationship between students and teachers”) & the need to get it out of the classroom https://twitter.com/jeffreymoro/status/1228345239984918528 </blockquote>

https://twitter.com/melanieh0ff/status/1272304035748610048

<blockquote><3 [bell hooks, teaching to transgress] [image with the following quote]

<blockquote>Traditional education deemphasizes the reality that professors are in the classroom to offer something of ourselves to the students. The erasure of the body encourages us to think that we are listening to neutral, objective facts, facts that are not particular to who is sharing the information. We are invited to teach information as though it does not emerge from bodies.
 
Significantly, those of us who a re trying to critique biases in the classroom have been compelled to return to the body to speak about ourselves as subjects in history. We are all subjects in history. We must return ourselves to a state of embodiment in order to deconstruct the way power has been traditionally orchestrated in the classroom , denying subjectivity to some groups and according it to others. By recognizing subjectivity and the limits of identity, we disrupt that objectification that is so necessary in a culture of domination. 

- bell hooks</blockquote>

</blockquote>

Some other actual steps to do: don’t have grades / have pass-fail grades / actively encourage risk-taking (and incorporate in grade metrics, if grades are required) so that students are encouraged to explore new territory and projects that may not work well

The teacher can be a facilitator, not a lecturer, and class time should be facilitated like a collective organizing meeting: cooperative, organized around group discussions, readings, projects, sharing. The teacher is like an field trip leader through a landscape of learning

A mistake (I’ve made before) is also for the teacher to “do nothing”, let students do “anything”, which is akin to a field trip that goes nowhere. A really good field trip does all the planning and logistics to mobilize planes, trains, so that a group can then explore further

Another mistake is to erase the teacher/student distinction altogether, which in my opinion is unethical and confusing because instead it conceals a power relationship that is present, rather than being open about it and altering it to be more about accountability

the joyous moments in teaching have been about exploration, opt-in curiosity, moments in the classroom open to the unknown, a shared discussion and rumination about finding and thinking about projects, of sharing resources together, of giving each other feedback

Teachers and students are roles upheld by an institution and a power relation. The learner is an identity that can’t be forced upon anyone, only chosen by each person. The best learning contexts are when everyone in the classroom, including the “teacher” is a learner.

What would an abolitionist, anti-policing approach to schools? What are the opposite of grades? What would this look like at a level larger than the classroom, but at the scale of the cohort, a community?

Schools are not just microcosms of society; they are future societies. They are self-fulfilling prophecies, in that they train us to recreate the societies we experience inside of them. An abolitionist caring society would have caring, supportive, anti-policing schools.

classes where you learn how to dance and move your body. classes where you learn how to facilitate a meeting, make working groups. spaces where you realize that nobody is in control / everyone has agency. classes where everyone is oriented in a circle, listening to each other.

oriented in the same direction, like a school of fish, trying to find something together. oriented outwards, as if we are exploring a city of thought and agree to meet back in a few hours, with photos and notes of things we’ve discovered.

classes where suggestions upon suggestions from everyone builds on each other, hilariously, and together we try something new out and see what happens. classes where rigor is generous, rigor is solid and firm and friendly. classes where nobody knows what will happen at the end!!

What did your schools teach you about its societies? about how to live, and what you wanted or didn’t want? About power, and policing, and safety? What was the most safe and exciting learning environment (school or not) you have been part of?

(Also! I’ve been collecting a very incomplete set of resources here around pedagogy: https://are.na/dan-taeyoung/active-pedagogy and cooperative practices https://are.na/dan-taeyoung/facilitation-conversation-strategies-not-concepts )

More thoughts:

<blockquote>Gifted programs are so deeply problematic. I wonder if it’s a white supremacy dynamic, the formation of an “elite” / for certain students “gifted” by an extrahuman force (suspiciously like manifest destiny). And more often than not, it harms even the kids who go through it twitter.com/davidhuber_/st </blockquote>”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://hackeducation.com/2020/07/20/surveillance">
    <title>Building Anti-Surveillance Ed-Tech</title>
    <dc:date>2020-07-21T18:42:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://hackeducation.com/2020/07/20/surveillance</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“These are the slides and transcript from my conversation this morning with Paul Prinsloo — a webinar sponsored by Contact North

Pardon me if I just rant a little. Pardon my language. Pardon my anger and my grief. Or don’t. Let us sit with our anger and our grief a little.

We are living in terrible, terrible times — a global pandemic, economic inequality exacerbated by economic depression, dramatic and worsening climate change, rampant police violence, and creeping fascism and ethno-nationalism. And in the midst of all this danger and uncertainty, we have to navigate both old institutions and practices — may of which are faltering under a regime of austerity and anti-expertise — and new(ish) technology corporations — many of which are more than happy to work with authoritarians and libertarians.

Education technology — as a field, an ideology — sits right at that overlap but appears to be mostly unwilling to recognize its role in the devastation. It prefers to be heralded as a savior. Too many of its advocates refuse to truly examine the ways in which ed-tech makes things worse or admit that the utopia they’ve long peddled has become a hellscape of exploitation and control for a great deal of the people laboring in, with, under its systems.

Ed-tech may not be the solution; in fact, ed-tech may be the problem — or at the very least, a symptom of such.

Back in February — phew, remember February? — Jeffrey Moro, a PhD candidate in English at the University of Maryland, wrote a very astute blog post “Against Cop Shit” in the classroom.

“For the purposes of this post,” Moro wrote, “I define ‘cop shit’ as ‘any pedagogical technique or technology that presumes an adversarial relationship between students and teachers.’ Here are some examples:

- ed-tech that tracks our students’ every move
- plagiarism detection software
- militant tardy or absence policies, particularly ones that involve embarrassing our students, e.g. locking them out of the classroom after class has begun
- assignments that require copying out honor code statements
- ‘rigor,’ ‘grit,’ and ‘discipline’
- any interface with actual cops, such as reporting students’ immigration status to ICE and calling cops on students sitting in classrooms.

The title of this webinar is “Building Anti-Surveillance Ed-Tech,” but that’s a bit of a misnomer as I’m less interested in either “buiding” or in “ed-tech.” Before we build, we need to dismantle the surveillance ed-tech that already permeates our schools. And we need to dismantle the surveillance culture that it’s emerged from. I think this is one of our most important challenges in the months and years ahead. We must abolish “cop shit,” recognizing that almost all of ed-tech is precisely that.

I know that that makes people bristle, particularly if your job is administering the “cop shit” or if you are compelled by those with more authority at work to use “cop shit” or if you believe that “cop shit” is necessary because how else do we keep everyone safe.

Why do we have so much “cop shit” in our classrooms, Moro asks. “One provisional answer is that the people who sell cop shit are very good at selling cop shit,” he writes, “whether that cop shit takes the form of a learning management system or a new pedagogical technique. Like any product, cop shit claims to solve a problem. We might express that problem like this: the work of managing a classroom, at all its levels, is increasingly complex and fraught, full of poorly defined standards, distractions to our students’ attentions, and new opportunities for grift. Cop shit, so cop shit argues, solves these problems by bringing order to the classroom. Cop shit defines parameters. Cop shit ensures compliance. Cop shit gives students and teachers alike instant feedback in the form of legible metrics.”

I don’t think that ed-tech created “cop shit” in the classroom or created a culture of surveillance in schools by any means. But it has facilitated it. It has streamlined it. It has polished it and handed out badges for those who comply with it and handed out ClassDojo demerits for those who haven’t.

People who work in ed-tech and with ed-tech have to take responsibility for this, and not just shrug and say it’s inevitable or it’s progress or school sucked already and it’s not our fault. We have to take responsibility because we are facing a number of crises — some old and some new — that are going to require us to rethink how and why we monitor and control teachers and students. And now, the “cop shit” that schools are being sold isn’t just mobile apps that track whether you’ve completed your homework on time. It’s body temperature scanners. Contact tracing. Movement tracking. Immigration status. Political affiliation.

Surveillance practices pre-date digital technologies — of course they do. I pulled my copy of Michel Foucault’s Discipline and Punish off the shelf to re-read as I prepared for this talk (and for my next book project, which will be on the history of surveilling children — someday, I’ll regale you all with the story of how the baby monitor was invented and reinvented to respond to moral panics of the day), and roll your eyes all you want at the invocation of poststructuralism and the Panopticon. But this is where we reside.

Surveillance in schools reflects the values that schools have (unfortunately) prioritized: control, compulsion, distrust, efficiency. Surveillance is necessary, or so we’ve been told, because students cheat, because students lie, because students fight, because students disobey, because students struggle. Much of the physical classroom layout, for example, is meant to heighten surveillance and diminish cheating opportunities: the teacher in a supervisory stance at the front of the class, wandering up and down the rows of desks and peering over the shoulders of students. (It’s easier, I should note, to shift the chairs in your classroom around than it is to shift the code in your webinar software.) And all of this surveillance, we know, plays out very differently for different students in different schools — which schools require schools to walk through metal detectors, which schools call the police for disciplinary infractions, which schools track what students do online, even when they’re at home. And nowadays, especially when they’re at home.

Of course, educators — teachers and staff — are at home now too. (Or my god, I hope they are.) And the surveillance technology that’s been wielded against students will surely be used against them as well.

We can already see some of this at place outside of educational institutions in the new, workplace surveillance tools that many companies are adopting. For a very long time, the argument that many employers made against working from home was that they didn’t trust their employees to be productive. The supervisor needed to be able to walk by your desk at any moment and make sure you were “gonna have those TPS reports to us by this afternoon,” to borrow a phrase from the movie Office Space. Companies are now installing software on employees’ computers to track where they are, for how long, doing what. Much as education technology is designed on the basis of distrust of students, enterprise technology — that is, technology sold to large businesses — is designed around a distrust of workers. Again, there’s a long history here — one that isn’t just about computing. The punch clock, for example, was invented in 1888 by a jeweler William LeGrand Bundy in order to keep track of what time his employees came and left work. He and his brother founded the Bundy Manufacturing Company to manufacture the devices, and after a series of mergers, it became a part of a little company called International Business Machines — one we know better as IBM. Those “business machines” were sold with the promise of more efficient workplaces, of course, and that meant monitoring workers. And that included the work teachers and students do at school.

Zoom, this lovely piece of videoconferencing software we are using right now, is an example of enterprise technology. Zoom never intended to serve the education market, despite its widespread adoption since “work-from-home” began earlier this year. And there is quite a bit about the functionality of the Zoom software that reveals whose interests it serves — the ability to track who’s paying attention, for example, and who’s actually working on something else in a different application (a feature, I will say, that the company disabled earlier after complaints about its fairly abysmal security and privacy practices).

Who’s cheating the time-clock, right? Who’s cheating the boss. What are workers doing? What are workers saying? Enterprise software and ed-tech software — both “cop shit” — claim they can inform the management — the principal, the provost. This software claims it knows what we’re up to, and if it can’t stop us from misbehaving, it can narc us out.

What it’s been coded to identify as “misbehavior” is fairly significant. Early in June, if you’ll recall, at the bequest of Beijing, Zoom disabled the accounts of Chinese dissidents who were planning on commemorating Tiananmen Square protests — something that should give us great pause when it comes to academic freedom on a platform that so many schools have adopted.

Digital technology companies like to say that they’re increasingly handing over decision-making to algorithms — it’s not that Beijing made us do it; the algorithm did. Recall Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testifying before Congress, insisting that AI would prevent abuse and disinformation. But Facebook does not rely on AI; content moderation is still performed by people — it’s terrible, traumatizing, low-pay work.

Ah, the sleight of hand when it comes to the promises of automation. Recall the mechanical Turk, for example, an eighteenth-century machine that purported to be an automated chess-player that was actually operated by a human hidden inside.

Automation is, nonetheless, the promise of surveillance ed-tech — that is, the automation of the work of disciplining, monitoring, grading. We’ve seen, particularly with the switch to online learning, a push for more proctoring “solutions” that gather immense amounts of data to ascertain whether or not a student is cheating. Proctoring software is some of the most outrageous “cop shit” in schools right now.

These tools gather and analyze far more data than just a student’s responses on an exam. They require a student show photo identification to their laptop camera before the test begins. Depending on what kind of ID they use, the software gathers data like name, signature, address, phone number, driver’s license number, passport number, along with any other personal data on the ID. That might include citizenship status, national origin, or military status. The software also gathers physical characteristics or descriptive data including age, race, hair color, height, weight, gender, or gender expression. It then matches that data that to the student’s “biometric faceprint” captured by the laptop camera. Some of these products also capture a student’s keystrokes and keystroke patterns. Some ask for the student to hand over the password to their machine. Some track location data, pinpointing where the student is working. They capture audio and video from the session — the background sounds and scenery from a student’s home. Some ask for a tour of the student’s room to make sure there aren’t “suspicious items” on the walls or nearby.

The proctoring software then uses this data to monitor a student’s behavior during the exam and to identify patterns that it infers as cheating — if their eyes stray from the screen too long, for example. The algorithm — sometimes in concert with a human proctor — determines who is a cheat. But more chilling, I think, the algorithm decides who suspicious, what is suspicious.

We know that algorithms are biased, because we know that humans are biased. We know that facial recognition software struggles to identify people of color, and there have been reports from students of color that the proctoring software has demanded they move into more well-lit rooms or shine more light on their faces during the exam. Because the algorithms that drive the decision-making in these products is proprietary and “black-boxed,” we don’t know if or how it might use certain physical traits or cultural characteristics to determine suspicious behavior.

We do know there is a long and racist history of physiognomy and phrenology that has attempted to predict people’s moral character from their physical appearance. And we know that schools have a long and racist history too that runs adjacent to this, as do technology companies — and this is really important. We can see how the mistrust and loathing of students is part of a proctoring company culture and gets baked into a proctoring company’s software when, for example, the CEO posts copies of a student’s chat logs with customer service onto Reddit, as the head of Proctorio did last month.

That, my friends, is some serious “cop shit.” Cops have no business in schools. And frankly, neither does Proctorio.

So, if we are to build anti-surveillance ed-tech, we have much to unwind within the culture and the practices of schools — so much unwinding and dismantling before we even start building.

Indeed, I will close by saying that — as with so much in ed-tech — the actual tech itself may be a distraction from the conversation we should have about what we actually want teaching and learning to look like. We have to chance the culture of schools not just adopt kinder ed-tech. Chances are, if you want to focus on the tech because it’s tech, you’re selling “cop shit.””]]></description>
<dc:subject>audreywatters 2020 edtech surveillance covid-19 coronavirus plagiarism policing teaching howweteach trust pedagogy grit rigor discipline michelfoucault foucault management control care proctorio education schools schooling schooliness highered highereducation cops copshit data governance assessment technology cameras infosec security privacy regulation universities colleges capture race racism phrenology physiognomy facialrecognition ai artificialintelligence bias gender proctoring mechanicalturk facebook markzuckerberg digital online internet behavior zoom work labor williamlegrandbundy learning howwelearn unschooling deschooling compulsory compulsion distrust efficiency productivity tracking metrics behaviorism jeffreymoro facerecognition</dc:subject>
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    <title>Pedagogy as Protest: Reimagining the Center — Jessica Zeller</title>
    <dc:date>2020-07-14T04:50:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.jessicazeller.net/blog/pedagogy-as-protest</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["I write this in the wake of the unjust murders of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and Ahmaud Arbery; Atatiana Jefferson and Fred Rouse where I live in Fort Worth; and just two days ago father of four Rayshard Brooks; among too many other innocents who should have been alive today. 

I write this as we are still inexplicably engaged in a conversation about the humanity of Black people, as though it were somehow up for debate. 

I write this as global uprisings against police violence and systemic racism are entering their third week while losing the attention of the 24-hour news cycle and those who hashtagged their way to a suspiciously visible allyship. 

I write this during Pride month, as LGBTQIA+ people’s legal rights are being deliberately rescinded by a bigoted president and their identities publicly invalidated by a bigoted children’s book author. As Black trans women are still being murdered and forgotten at an alarming rate.

I write this as the Coronavirus pandemic that disproportionately affects BIPOC continues to escalate. 110,000+ Americans have died and the government has turned away—willfully negligent and criminally inept. Our national mourning has been negated by a political horror show. 

I write this as grief has become pervasive and accepted. As “just checking in” and “wanted to see how you’re doing” have become essential daily communications with loved ones. As “I hope this finds you safe and well during this difficult time,” has become the standard prologue to our emails. 

I write this as I am hesitant to acknowledge my anger. My white, female, cishet identity keeps me from the prejudices, the racism, the centuries of hate. I can only try to imagine the degree of rage and the kind of exhaustion that one might feel in the face of it daily. As a woman I can sometimes relate. Sometimes. To some extent. I donate and read and call and write until the fury gives way to a less volatile feeling of existential malaise. There is too much suffering in too many places happening all at the same time; seeking out moments of joy takes dedicated effort. Doing the work helps. No one needs another white woman’s tears.

*

Scholar and activist bell hooks is renowned for her work to dismantle what she calls “imperialist white supremacist capitalist patriarchy.” These interrelated centers of power, she teaches, are responsible for the oppression and domination that shape our world. In 2010, hooks came to my alma mater as a Visiting Distinguished Professor of Women’s Studies. Despite being hosted by five different departments and centers across the massive Ohio State University campus—interdisciplinary voice that she is—hooks’s one public lecture took place in a not-nearly-big-enough lecture hall. We broke fire code, cramming as many people as we could into the rows and clogging the aisles. We were doubled up in seats and smashed against walls. The administrators present stood aghast, powerless. And as only a true critical pedagogue would, hooks invited hordes of students from the audience to fill the stage with her. She physically brought us together in community around her, a generous act which served as the precursor to an intellectual ass-kicking that brought us—if possible—even closer. 

If you’ve ever been fortunate enough to hear hooks speak, you know it’s a near-spiritual experience. She’s a philosopher and a storyteller; sharing her own narrative in a way both theoretically significant and personally meaningful. Her work to expose systems of oppression is at once about her and about all of us, collectively and as individuals in the world. It seems to reach out from multiple centers, and all at the same time. Through publicly accessible academic discourse rooted in a love ethic, she finds us where we are and shepherds us into a critical awareness of ourselves and others. Her work always feels urgent, essential, human.

*

In the face of so many unknowns as we approach the Fall semester, universities are treating educators like vehicles for “content delivery.” They’re pushing too many one-size-fits-all course models that, like department store winter gloves, don’t actually fit all. There are too many cookie-cutter solutions. Too many catchphrases. Too many online platforms and learning management systems with too many biases that disadvantage too many students. And too many damn hyphenates; “standards-based” and “data-driven” among the worst offenders. 

“Student-centered” might be the most misused of all the hyphenates the education field has ever devised; it’s lipstick on a pig, so to speak. Ideally, we wouldn’t have to say “student-centered” at all. It would be apparent in our work. It would manifest. And yet for some reason we’ve come to need a term like “student-centered” to remind ourselves and our institutions that there are indeed students present. In spite of our slick buzzwords and “flipped classrooms,” the students are nowhere near the center. Many have left the room unnoticed.

Often occupying the center of the learning space in their stead, “imperialist white supremacist capitalist patriarchy” has taught us that students are the enemy. Our syllabi are a bloated ten pages long and thick with policy statements, as too many in education have come to believe that good teaching and rigid rule enforcement are one and the same: no late work accepted; grade deductions for late arrivals; required use of surveillance software; “fairness” as represented by uniform punishments regardless of personal circumstance or hardship. 

Where is our humanity? 

It’s no wonder that many students seem only mildly interested in school, if at all. School isn’t made for them. Not when there are accrediting agencies and state standards and educational technology contracts in play. Not when universities rely on unethically sourced student data analyzed with questionable integrity to confirm their use of often inequitable “best practices.” Not when the Ivory Tower doesn’t. even. try. to respond to those learning or trying to learn.

*

In this fraught moment, I am looking to pedagogy. I am embracing the curriculum and the classroom and yes, even the Euro-centric ballet studio as sites for resistance; locales where trusting students, expressing interest in them, and giving them the benefit of the doubt are seen as radical acts that defy the “imperialist, white supremacist, capitalist patriarchy” that we’ve allowed to remain in the center for too long.

The pedagogy I see is equitable. It invites students into the center by valuing their differences, recognizing their experiences, and affirming their identities. It practices acceptance. It centers our collective humanity, asking out loud and as part of the process: Who is learning for? Who is learning about? Who authors learning? And why?

This pedagogy is responsive. It prioritizes checking in on loved ones, holding space for grief, and honoring rage at injustice. It situates learning in and through and with community. It is at once about our individual stories and about us, together, in the world.

This pedagogy is vital. It eschews reductive assessment practices and grading for the sake of competition. It stands opposed to pre-determined learning outcomes and welcomes incidental, unexpected developments that we call learning. It is impassioned and joyous and nerdy. It refuses to measure what is not legitimately measurable. It does not make objects from subjects. It pushes back against any policy that seeks to silence, falsify, or diminish. Failure is critical, as is self-reflection; it loves these processes—it thrives on them.

Moving pedagogy from philosophy to praxis is always a challenge, but the how and the what tend to become visible once I articulate the why and the for/by/about whom. This attempt at a pedagogy of resistance isn’t new for me, and yet no matter how pedagogically disruptive I think I am, there’s usually further to go. This moment in our history is calling for a full-scale radical overhaul of our systems. It’s asking us to reimagine the centers: of pedagogies, curricula, courses, methodologies, and individual lessons inside individual classes. It’s asking us to consider who is there, who is not, and why. Perhaps most importantly, it’s asking us to consider why not, and why not now."]]></description>
<dc:subject>jessicazeller 2020 pedagogy bellhooks practice howweteach teaching learning dance ballet curriculum resistance imperialism philosophy theory assessment grading grades howwelearn unschooling deschooling injustice humanism academia education patriarchy capitalism race racism homophobia transphobia prejudice oppression</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/jessicazeller/status/1278896488559587328">
    <title>Jessica Zeller on Twitter: &quot;I’m confused about how kids are “behind” in school right now. Behind who? How about we find a way to not consider students somehow deficient because of a pandemic and massive social upheaval.&quot; / Twitter</title>
    <dc:date>2020-07-13T16:09:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/jessicazeller/status/1278896488559587328</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“I’m confused about how kids are “behind” in school right now. Behind who?

How about we find a way to not consider students somehow deficient because of a pandemic and massive social upheaval.” –Jessica Zeller (@jessicazeller) on Twitter]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/SFath/status/1257159589448962048">
    <title>Sarah Fathallah on Twitter: “A few weeks ago @kellyanagram recommended that I read “Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples” by Linda Tuhiwai Smith. So I did. And fantastic it really was. Thread for highlights! https://t.co/a61kW</title>
    <dc:date>2020-05-26T13:52:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/SFath/status/1257159589448962048</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“A few weeks ago @kellyanagram recommended that I read “Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples” by Linda Tuhiwai Smith.

So I did. And fantastic it really was. Thread for highlights!

[image of cover]

The basic premise of this book is that research is fundamentally imperialistic and colonial…

“Research is one of the ways in which the underlying code of imperialism and colonialism is both regulated and realized.” 

[image of text]

… when looking at how it’s been codified by the West.

“The globalization of knowledge and Western culture constantly reaffirms the West’s view of itself as the centre of legitimate knowledge, the arbiter of what counts as knowledge, and the source of ‘civilized’ knowledge.”

The book goes to great lengths to show the history of how research became a form of imperialism, starting with the European Enlightenment to the project of ‘modernity’ with knowledge (and thus research) being something to be “discovered, extracted, appropriated, and distributed.”

This quote by Maori filmmaker Merata Mita is telling: “We have a history of people putting Maori under a microscope in the same way a scientist looks at an insect. The ones doing the looking are giving themselves the power to define.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merata_Mita

[image of text]

The author references Palestinian intellectual Edward Said’s ‘Orientalism’ field of study and the notion of ‘positional superiority’ which posits that knowledge and culture are as much part of imperialism as raw materials and military strength.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalism

Similarly, the author goes on to say that “the knowledge gained through our colonization has been used, in turn, to colonize us in what [Kenyan theorist] Ngugi wa Thiong’o calls the colonization ‘of the mind.’”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonising_the_Mind

Looking back, the 18th and 19th centuries “constituted an era of highly competitive ‘collecting’” of territories, species of flora and fauna, mineral resources, and cultures. (Indigenous people might call this ‘stealing’.) 

It’s through this lens that we should examine research.

[image of text]

And in particular disciplines like ethnography and anthropology.

James Clifford defined ethnography as “a “form of culture collecting… [which] implies a rescue of phenomena from inevitable historical decay or loss.”

The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art, by James Clifford
https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674698437

Anthropology is “closely associated with the study of the Other and with the defining of primitivism.” Hawaiian professor Haunani Kay Trask accuses anthropologists of being ’takers and users’ who exploit the hospitality and generosity of native people.” 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haunani-Kay_Trask

[image of text]

This is a deeply thought-provoking lens through which to  look at design research, which largely draws from ethnography and anthropology, and its data *collection* process. 

Because when collection is seen as rescuing from decay, it legitimizes practices of theft and extraction.

In addition, colonialism wasn’t “just about collection. It was also about re-arrangement, re-presentation and re-distribution.” So it’s crucial to also look at data storage, analysis, and dissemination.

Which brings us to issues of ownership, accountability, and responsibility.

As such, the author urges us to ask: “Whose research is it? Who owns it? Whose interests does it serve? Who will benefit from it? Who has designed its questions and framed its scope? Who will carry it out? Who will write it up? How will its results be disseminated?”

So what do we do about this? Is this just a matter of ethics? Yes and no. Ethics are mostly codified either through (1) legal requirements or (2) ethical codes of conduct.” 

Let’s look at each one.

(1) “The legal definitions of ethics are framed in ways which contain the Western sense of the individual and individualized property” (e.g., in giving informed consent). 

And (2) “cultural ethics or indigenous codes of conduct are being promulgated by different organizations.”

Here are a few examples.

The Charter of the Indigenous Tribal peoples of the Tropical Forests signed in Penang in 1993, insists that “all investigations in our territories should be carried out with our consent and under joint control and guidance.”

http://fao.org/3/w7746e/w7746e0a.htm

The Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples signed in Whakatane in 1993 declares that “the first beneficiaries of indigenous knowledge must be direct indigenous descendants of that knowledge.”

https://wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/databases/creative_heritage/docs/mataatua.pdf

Other indigenous statements include: “the Amazon Basin Declaration, the Kari Oca Declaration, the Pan American Health Organization, the Native Pan-American Draft Declaration, the Blue Mountain Declaration, […] and the Coolangatta Statement on Indigenous Rights in Education.”

Another example are the Kaupapa Maori practices “that are as much about personal integrity as they are about collective responsibility, and as much about research as they are about education and other forms of engagement,” including respectful, reciprocal, genuine relationships.

[image of text]

Later in the book, the author presents different indigenous projects, some inviting “multi-disciplinary research approaches” while others arising “directly out of indigenous practices.” I won’t cite them all, but wanted to show a few that seemed relevant for design researchers.

(a) Claiming: “The formal claims process demanded by tribunals, courts, and governments” for indigenous peoples to assert their rights “has required some indigenous groups to conduct intensive research projects, resulting in the writing of nation, tribe, and family histories.”

[image of text]

These claiming histories were written “to support claims to territories and resources, or about past injustices.” 

How might design research lean on legal research to honor these claiming histories?

(b) Testimonies: Testimonies are “a means through which oral evidence is presented to a particular type of audience” and carry “a formality” and “a notion that truth is being revealed ‘under oath.’ 

https://upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/testimonio

[image of text]

Commonly, “indigenous testimonies are a way of talking about an extremely painful event or series of events.” 

How might design research elevate Indigenous testimonies?

(c) Storytelling: “Storytelling, oral histories, the perspectives of elders and of women have become an integral part of all indigenous research.” While “each individual story is powerful,” it contributes “to a collective story in which every indigenous person has a place.”

[image of text]

How might design research make space for individual and collective stories?

(d) Survivance: Because “non-indigenous research has been intent on documenting the demise and cultural assimilation of indigenous peoples.” Anishinaabe scholar Gerald Vizenor called ’survivance’ (survival and resistance) the act of celebrating survival instead.

[image of text]

How might design research celebrate survival rather than downfall?

Acts of Survivance http://survivance.org/acts-of-survivance/

(e) Connecting: Making connections and affirming connectedness “positions individuals in sets of relationships with other people and with the environment,” as well as with “their traditional lands through the restoration of specific rituals and practices.”

[image of text]

How might design researchers have a “critical conscience about ensuring that their activities connect in humanizing ways with indigenous communities” by “establishing good relations”?

(f) Envisioning: “One of strategies that indigenous peoples have employed effectively to bind people together politically asks that people imagine a future, […] dream a new dream and set a new vision.”

[image of text]

Tewa educator Greg Cajete talks about vision making as “producing indigenous knowledge through vision quests and dreaming.” 

https://visionmakermedia.org/bios/greg-cajete

How might design research provide some impetus to a process of envisioning?

(g) Naming: As Brazilian educator Paulo Freire said, “name the word, name the world.” Naming is about renaming the landscape and “using the original indigenous names” of geographical sites as well as names of Indigenous people and children. 

http://historyisaweapon.com/defcon2/pedagogy/pedagogychapter3.html

[image of text]

How might design research name and honor the histories of people, places, and events?

And if “research methodology is based on the skill of matching the problem with an ‘appropriate’ set of investigative strategies,” is design research the right strategy?

Finally, the author outlines the questions that need to be asked:
- Who defined the research problem?
- For whom is this study worthy and relevant? Who says so?
- What knowledge will the community gain from this study?
- What knowledge will the researcher gain from this study?

- What are some likely positive outcomes from this study?
- What are some possible negative outcomes?
- How can the negative outcomes be eliminated?
- To whom is the researcher accountable?
- What processes are in place to support the research, the researched, and the researcher?”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://thenewinquiry.com/a-detrimental-education/">
    <title>A Detrimental Education – The New Inquiry</title>
    <dc:date>2020-04-19T08:14:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://thenewinquiry.com/a-detrimental-education/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["My book traces how the different elements of the education-based mode of study emerged historically in co-constitution with capitalism, intertwined with colonialism, white supremacy, hetero-patriarchy, and the state. Its key elements include a vertical imaginary of individualized ascent up levels of education, a pedagogical mode of accounting with a system of honor and shame that eventually took the form of graded exams, hierarchical relationships of teacher over student, separations of students from the means of studying, the commodification of access to the means of studying through tuition, and opposed figures of educational waste (e.g., the dropout) and value (e.g., the graduate). This mode of study shapes subjects for their participation in governance and work within the dominant mode of world-making.

The distinction between education and other modes of study allows us break away from the dominant narratives about the university that portray it as “in crisis.” I see “crisis” narratives as one way of responding to the impasse that we face when we try to grapple with all of the complex controversies raised by universities’ many intersecting struggles, which include student and faculty movements that have organized against increased tuition, debt, corporatization and adjunctification, staff labor organizing, anti-racist, feminist, and anti-colonial movements on campuses, and movements for universities to divest from fossil fuels, among others. Most commentators and authors of recent books on higher education politics respond with diagnoses of, and solutions to, the “crisis” that are populated with characters from a romantic story of education: a heroic individual ascending education’s levels, overcoming challenges along the way. The education romance is part of what I call “an epistemology of educated ignorance” — ways of knowing that suppress critical questions about education that would challenge one’s own position in the dominant system. As an antidote, I contend that education is one possible mode of study among many alternatives. Against narratives of linear progress, distinguishing alternative modes of study can help us shake off the sense of education’s dominance as necessary or inevitable. Revolutionary movements on the terrain of universities — from the Black, feminist, and communist movements of the long 1960s to the recent movements of Occupy and Black Lives Matter — have challenged the dominant modes of world-making and study and broadened our horizons of imagination to alternatives. We can take the baton from these movements in our organizing and studying today."]]></description>
<dc:subject>highered highereducation meritocracy crisis education universities colleges testing ranking assessment 2020 zainaalsous coreymenafee elimeyerhoff history colonialism colonization professionalmanagerialclass dropouts tuition waste governance patriarchy whitesupremacy hetero-patriarchy capitalism commodification learning deschooling unschooling howwelearn control power hierarchy ignorance blacklivesmatter feminism communism ows occupywallstreet revolution debt studentdebt economics labor strikedebt michellealexander liberalism race gender domination pmc</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/timoslimo/status/1240786762412122113">
    <title>Tim Kong on Twitter: &quot;The drive to lift and shift the BAU of public education into the home as a result of #COVID and potential lockdown situations is a completely broken and shameful response to the reality of these times By any measure, these are extrao</title>
    <dc:date>2020-03-20T05:57:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/timoslimo/status/1240786762412122113</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[now here: https://www.continue.nz/be-strong-be-kind/ ]

“The drive to lift and shift the BAU of public education into the home as a result of #COVID and potential lockdown situations is a completely broken and shameful response to the reality of these times

By any measure, these are extraordinary times.

The PM said “Be strong, be kind, we will be OK.”

At no point did she say, “We need SSO credentials to deliver the NZ curriculum into every home, with an app and secure website to support parents while teachers will need to redesign their pedagogy for delivering via Zoom.”

Society doesn’t need every techbros hot-take on a zillion ways to STEMify your house using Pinterest.

The future is bleak, troubling and scary right now.  Don’t pretend otherwise.

Teachers and schools are about caring. We care by listening and by being present.

When your child’s school goes into lockdown - the first email to their teachers should be “Are you OK? Take care of yourselves, take care of your family”.

Don’t make it, “What’s the password for Mathletics?”

I’m going to play Catan with my girls, sit in the garden, watch Netflix, maybe make something out of cardboard, and walk the dog (did I mention we bought a dog yesterday), read books and yeah, they’ll do some Mathletics, and write something on a Google doc.

We’ll connect with friends and family, via Facetime and Whatsapp and we’ll use the internet for all manner of nonsense and seriousness. 

But mostly we’re going to look after each other as best we can - it’s a motherloving pandemic.

In the next 6 months we as a society are going to learn an awful lot of resilience and a whole new set of knowledge. We don’t need to assess or report it on it. Let’s not pretend that we can or should call it school.

The roles of people within schools remains what it has always been. To support, as best they can, their communities.

But the sooner we stop trying to continue this in a BAU manner, only online, the sooner we allow people space and time to imagine and create new possibilities.

We designed the NZC with key competencies and we talk about creating and being life long learners with our students. 

This is it - the single greatest opportunity in our generation to walk that talk.
Be strong. Be kind. We will be OK.”]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/33063300">
    <title>From Bureaucracy to Profession: Remaking the Educational Sector for the Twenty-First Century</title>
    <dc:date>2019-10-16T04:49:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/33063300</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this essay, Jal Mehta examines the challenges faced by American schooling and the reasons for persistent failure of American school reforms to achieve successful educational outcomes at scale. He concludes that many of the problems faced by American schools are artifacts of the bureaucratic form in which the education sector as a whole was cast: “We are trying to solve a problem that requires professional skill and expertise by using bureaucratic levers of requirements and regulations.” Building on research from a variety of fields and disciplines, Mehta advances a “sectoral” perspective on education reform, exploring how this shift in thinking could help education stakeholders produce quality practice across the nation."

[full article in .pdf: https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33063300/Mehta_--_From_Bureaucracy_to_Profession_--_HER_2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dsrggURj0I">
    <title>David F. Noble: A Wrench in the Gears - 1/8 - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2019-07-15T19:40:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dsrggURj0I</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Documentary about the later professor, critical historian and anti-corporate activist David F. Noble. www.revivalfilms.ca”

[Full playlist (trailer and all eight parts):
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjSpVmQJimhdKIR392skWxQCcI27P824Z

Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGMotwh46dw
Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xCEMOHLtCk
Part 4: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6u3XULHldXE
Part 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a4YNN4IRS4
Part 6: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptC5z0M7Ttg
Part 7: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qplQYuq4VNE
Part 8: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEVv23F1Ewo ]

[Grades and grading portion begins at 5:35 of part 6 and runs until the end of part 7.]

[via: https://wrenchinthegears.com/2017/09/20/when-someone-shows-you-who-they-are-believe-them-the-first-time/ ]]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.slideshare.net/jessestommel/building-an-inclusive-campus">
    <title>Building an Inclusive Campus</title>
    <dc:date>2019-05-14T20:15:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.slideshare.net/jessestommel/building-an-inclusive-campus</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://twitter.com/Jessifer/status/1128104712316825601 

bracketed parts from Twitter thread:
https://twitter.com/Jessifer/status/1128111041177694208 ]

"Scaffolding can create points of entry and access but can also reduce the complexity of learning to its detriment. And too often we build learning environments in advance of students arriving upon the scene. We design syllabi, predetermine outcomes, and craft rubrics before having met the students. We reduce students to data. 

["I'm increasingly disturbed when I see compassion, respect, and equity for students being mislabeled with the derogatory word “coddling."

"We need to design our pedagogical approaches for the students we have, not the students we wish we had." @Jessifer @saragoldrickrab https://www.chronicle.com/article/Teaching-the-Students-We-Have/245290 ]

5 things we can do to create more inclusive spaces in education:  

1) Recognize students are not an undifferentiated mass.  

2) For education to be innovative, at this particular moment, we don’t need to invest in technology. We need to invest in teachers.   

3) Staff, administrators, and faculty need to come together, across institutional hierarchies, for inclusivity efforts to work. At many institutions, a faculty/staff divide is one of the first barriers that needs to be overcome.  

4) The path toward inclusivity starts with small, human acts:  
* Walk campus to assess the accessibility of common spaces and classrooms. For example, an accessible desk in every classroom doesn’t do much good if students can’t get to that desk because the rooms are overcrowded.  
* Invite students to share pronouns, model this behavior, but don’t expect it of every student.  
* Make sure there is an easy and advertised process for students, faculty, and staff to change their names within institutional systems. Make sure chosen names are what appear on course rosters.  
* Regularly invite the campus community into hard conversations about inclusivity. For example, a frank discussion of race and gender bias in grading and course evaluations. 

5) Stop having conversations about the future of education without students in the room."

["“Critical formative cultures are crucial in producing the knowledge, values, social relations and visions that help nurture and sustain the possibility to think critically...” @HenryGiroux

The path toward inclusivity starts with small, human acts.

"You cannot counter inequality with good will. You have to structure equality." @CathyNDavidson

"The saddest and most ironic practice in schools is how hard we try to measure how students are doing and how rarely we ever ask them." @fastcrayon" ]]]></description>
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    <title>The Spark: National Geographic: Asha De Vos - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2019-04-27T04:43:20+00:00</dc:date>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/mattthomas/status/1116729512602021889">
    <title>Mαtt Thomαs on Twitter: &quot;Gonna try to live-tweet @Jessifer’s talk at @uiowa today: “Designing Assignments: Redesigning Assessment.”&quot;</title>
    <dc:date>2019-04-13T19:59:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/mattthomas/status/1116729512602021889</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Gonna try to live-tweet @Jessifer’s talk at @uiowa today: “Designing Assignments: Redesigning Assessment.”

.@Jessifer begins by talking about some personal stufff, as a deliberate tactic to situate himself as a human being amongst other human beings. Something to also do on the first day of class, etc.

.@Jessifer says he doesn’t use the LMS at his school because he doesn’t want students to encounter and interface with it before him, a person.

.@Jessifer points out that today syllabuses are often generated from required, stock, auto-generated templates. This sort of “scaffolding,” however, presumes a lot of things about how learning happens that might not be useful.

For instance, many of us (read: teachers) are designing courses and assignments for students we don’t even know yet. To bring in the work of @saragoldrickrab, we need to design for the students we have, not the students we wish we had.

What happens, for instance, when you learn that 1 in 2 students face food insecurity issues? How might that change how you design courses/assignments?

.@Jessifer moves on to talk about grades. They’re not some universal constant, but rather a technology that we have to learn to use, or perhaps not use.

Grading reduces learning to a transaction instead of a set of human relationships.

College teachers have often internalized ways of grading that they can perhaps free themselves from. @Jessifer says we need to “raise a critical eyebrow” at our own grading practices — e.g., our rubrics. He argues against scale, for a return to subjectivity!

In the gradebook students are reduced to rows, in the rubric reduced to columns.

Especially important things to think about, @Jessifer points out, now that almost all colleges have adopted Learning Management Systems, course “shells,” and standardized syllabuses.

.@Jessifer has recently moved to shorter-worded assignments that ask for non-traditional products. Reconceptualize the internet using analog tools, re-order the words of a poem — then document your process!"]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUVlybJoV88">
    <title>Yong Zhao &quot;What Works May Hurt: Side Effects in Education&quot; - YouTube</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-07T17:36:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUVlybJoV88</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Proponents of standardized testing and privatization in education have sought to prove their effectiveness in improving education with an abundance of evidence. These efforts, however, can have dangerous side effects, causing long-lasting damage to children, teachers, and schools. Yong Zhao, Foundation Distinguished Professor in the School of Education at the University of Kansas, will argue that education interventions are like medical products: They can have serious, sometimes detrimental, side effects while also providing cures. Using standardized testing and privatization as examples, Zhao, author of the internationally bestselling Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Dragon? Why China Has the Best (and Worst) Education System in the World, will talk about his new book on why and how pursuing a narrow set of short-term outcomes causes irreparable harm in education."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://stevesalaita.com/an-honest-living/">
    <title>An Honest Living – Steve Salaita</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-02T22:56:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://stevesalaita.com/an-honest-living/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["There are lots of stories from Virginia Tech, the University of Illinois, and the American University of Beirut [AUB], but they all end with the same lesson:  for all its self-congratulation, the academy’s loftiest mission is a fierce compulsion to eliminate any impediment to donations."

…

"Platitudes about faculty governance and student leadership notwithstanding, universities inhibit democracy in ways that would please any thin-skinned despot."

…


"But forward progress as material comfort is cultivated through the ubiquitous lie that upward mobility equals righteousness.  Honest living is a nice story we tell ourselves to rationalize privation, but in the real world money procures all the honesty we need."

…


"You hear ex-professors say it all the time and I’ll add to the chorus:  despite nagging precariousness, there’s something profoundly liberating about leaving academe, whereupon you are no longer obliged to give a shit about fashionable thinkers, network at the planet’s most boring parties, or quantify self-worth for scurrilous committees (and whereupon you are free to ignore the latest same-old controversy), for even when you know at the time that the place is toxic, only after you exit (spiritually, not physically) and write an essay or read a novel or complete some other task without considering its relevance to the fascist gods of assessment, or its irrelevance to a gang of cynical senior colleagues, do you realize exactly how insidious and pervasive is the industry’s culture of social control."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://shikshantar.org/articles/trouble-knowledge">
    <title>The Trouble with Knowledge | Shikshantar</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-22T22:27:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://shikshantar.org/articles/trouble-knowledge</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["First Main Trouble with Knowledge and Education is Dishonesty

I do believe that one aspect which characterizes education, development and the production and dissemination of knowledge, in today’s world, is the lack of intellectual honesty.  This belief is an outcome of reflecting on my experience during my school and university years and my almost 40 years of work.  The dishonesty is connected to the values, which govern the thinking and practice in the fields of education, knowledge and development (mirroring the values in dominant societies and serving mainly the lifestyle of consumerism): control, winning, profit, individualism and competition.  Having a syllabus and textbooks, and evaluating and judging people (students, teachers, administrators, and academics) through linear forms of authority and through linear symbolic values (such as arbitrary letters or grades or preferential labels), almost guarantee cheating, lack of honesty, and lack of relevance.  (The recent reports that cheating and testing are on the rise in the Maryland and Chicago areas are just one example that came up to the surface.  And of course teachers, principles and superintendents were blamed and had to pay the price.)  I taught many years and put exams both at the level of classrooms and at the national level, and I labored and spent a lot of time and effort in order to be fair.  But, then, I discovered that the problem is not in the intentions or the way we conduct things but, rather, in the values that run societies in general and which are propagated by education, development and knowledge -- among other venues.  Thus, the main trouble with knowledge and education, is not so much their irrelevance or process of selection or the issue of power (though these are definitely part of the trouble) as it is with the lack of intellectual honesty in these areas.  Giving a number or a letter to measure a human being is dishonest and inhuman; it is a degrading to the human mind and to human beings.  Grading, in this sense, is degrading.  It is one of the biggest abuses of mathematics in its history!  Moreover, as long as the above-mentioned values remain as the governing values, education will continue to be fundamentally an obstacle to learning.  Under these conditions, talking about improving or reforming education is naïve at best and hypocritical at worst.  At most, it would touch a very small percentage of the student population in any particular region.  Of course, we can go on putting our heads in the sand and refusing to see or care.  But one main concern I will continue to have is what happens to the 80 some pecent of students whom the “compulsory suit” does not fit.  Why imposing the same-size suit on all bodies sounds ridiculous but imposing the same curriculum on all minds does not?!  The human mind is definitely more diverse that the human body.

Labeling a child as a “failure” is a criminal act against that child.  For a child, who has learned so much from life before entering school, to be labeled a failure, just because s/he doesn’t see any sense in the mostly senseless knowledge we offer in most schools, is unfair – to say the least; it is really outrageous.  But few of us around the world seem to be outraged, simply because we usually lose our senses in the process of getting educated.  We are like those in Hans Christian Anderson’s story that lost their ability to see and had to be reminded by the little child that the emperor is without clothes.

Most people in the educational world (students, teachers, administrators, scholars, suprintendents, …) are dishonest (often without realizing it) either because we are too lazy to reflect on and see the absurdities in what we are doing (and just give to students what we were given in schools and universities, or during training courses and enrichment seminars!), or because we are simply afraid and need to protect ourselves from punishment or from being judged and labeled as inept or failures.  This dishonesty prevails at all levels.  I had a friend who was working in a prestigious university in the U.S. and who often went as an educational consultant and expert to countries to “improve and develop” their educational systems.  Once, when he was on his way to Egypt as a consultant to help in reforming the educational system there, I asked him, “Have you ever been to Egypt?”  He said no.  I said, “Don’t you find it strange that you don’t know Egypt but you know what is good for it?!”  Obviously, the richness, the wisdom and the depth of that 7000-year civilization is totally ignored by him, or more accurately, cannot be comprehended by him.  Or, he may simply believe in what Kipling believed in in relation to India: to be ruled by Britain was India’s right; to rule India was Britain’s duty!  In a very real sense, that friend of mine does not only abstract the theories he carries along with him everywhere but also abstracts the people by assuming that they all have the same deficits and, thus, the same solution – and that he has the solution.

Let’s take the term “sustainable development,” for example, which is widely used today and it is used in the concept paper for this conference.  If we mean by development what we see in “developed” nations, then sustainable development is a nightmare.  If we all start consuming, for example, at the rate at which “developed” nations currently do, then (as a friend of mine from Mexico says) we need at least five planets to provide the needed resources and to provide dumping sites for our waste!  If “developing” nations consume natural resources (such as water) at the same rate “developed” nations do, such resources would be depleted in few years!  Such “development” would be destructive to the soil of the earth and to the soil of cultures, both of which nurture and sustain human beings and human societies. The price would be very high at the level of the environment and at the level of beautiful relationships among people.  Thus, those who believe in sustainable development (in its current conception and practice) are either naïve or dishonest or right out indifferent to what happens to nature, to beautiful relationship among people, and to the joyful harmony within human beings and between them and their surroundings.  Nature and relationships among human beings are probably the two most precious treasures in life; the most valuable things human beings have.  The survival of human and natural diversity (and even of human communities) are at stake here.

We do not detect dishonesty in the fields of education, knowledge and development because usually we are protected (in scools) from having much contact with life, through stressing verbal, symbolic and technical “knowledge,” through avoiding people’s experiences and surroundings, through the means we follow in evaluating people, and through ignoring history (history of people, of ideas, …).  The main connection most school textbooks have with life is through the sections that carry the title “applications” – another instance of dishonesty.  During the 1970s, for example, and as the head supervisor of math instruction in all the schools of the West Bank (in Palestine), one question I kept asking children was “is 1=1?”  1=1 is true in schoolbooks and on tests but in real life it has uses, abuses and misuses, but no real instances.  We abstract apples in textbooks and make them equal but in real life there is no apple which is exactly equal to another apple.  The same is true when we say that Newton discovered gravity.  Almost every child by the age of one discovers it.  (When my grandson, for example, was 15 months old, I was watching him once pick up pieces of cereal and put them in his mouth.  Everytime he lost a piece, he would look for it down, never up!)  By teaching that Newton discovered gravity, we do not only lie but also fail to clarify Newton’s real contribution.  Similarly with teaching that Columbus discovered America ….  Everyone of us can give tens of examples on dishonesty in the way we were taught and the way we teach."

…

"Second Main Trouble with Knowledge and Education: Lack of Connection with the Lives of the Social Majorities in the World"

…

"Building Learning Societies

From what has been said so far, two main approaches to knowledge and learning can be identified: (1) learning by doing; i.e. by the person being embedded in life, in one’s cultural soil.  In this approach, learning is almost synonymous to living, and (2) the formal approach, which usually starts with ready pre-prepared content (usually fragmented into several subjucts, and usually put together in the absence of the two most important “actors” in learning: teachers and students).  This approach also embodies tests and grades."

…

"Finally, I would like to affirm -- as a form of summary -- certain points, and point out to the need of dismantling others:

1. We need to dismantle the claim that learning can only take place in schools.

2. We need to dismantle the practice of separating students from life For at least 12 years) and still claim that learning is taking place.

3. We need to dismantle the assumption/ myth that teachers can teach what they don’t do.

4. We need to dismantle the myth that education can be improved through professionals and experts.

5. We need to dismantle the hegemony of words like education, development, progress, excellence, and rights and reclaim, instead, words like wisdom, faith, generosity, hope, learning, living, happiness, and duties.

6. We need to affirm that the vast mojority of people go to school not to learn but to get a diploma. We need to create diverse environments of learning.

7. We need to affirm our capacity for doing and learning, not for getting degrees.

8. We need to affirm and regain the concept and practice of “learning from the world,” not “about the world.”

9. We need to affirm that people are the real solution, not the obstacle and not ignorant.

The basic topic in learning is life and people living in its midst – not outside it and not above it. And the basic social unit in learning is small groups engaged in real life, in some aspects of their lives, and of their choice. The basic act at the individual level is to reflect on one’s life, express it and communicate and discuss it with others.

We need to spend more time in conversations face-to-face with one another, in doing things together, in dreaming beautiful dreams, and in building shared visions. In short, we need to reclaim our lives and regain our cultural spaces."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/opinion/college-gpa-career-success.html">
    <title>Opinion | What Straight-A Students Get Wrong - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-20T05:51:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/opinion/college-gpa-career-success.html</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A decade ago, at the end of my first semester teaching at Wharton, a student stopped by for office hours. He sat down and burst into tears. My mind started cycling through a list of events that could make a college junior cry: His girlfriend had dumped him; he had been accused of plagiarism. “I just got my first A-minus,” he said, his voice shaking.

Year after year, I watch in dismay as students obsess over getting straight A’s. Some sacrifice their health; a few have even tried to sue their school after falling short. All have joined the cult of perfectionism out of a conviction that top marks are a ticket to elite graduate schools and lucrative job offers.

I was one of them. I started college with the goal of graduating with a 4.0. It would be a reflection of my brainpower and willpower, revealing that I had the right stuff to succeed. But I was wrong.

The evidence is clear: Academic excellence is not a strong predictor of career excellence. Across industries, research shows that the correlation between grades and job performance is modest in the first year after college and trivial within a handful of years. For example, at Google, once employees are two or three years out of college, their grades have no bearing on their performance. (Of course, it must be said that if you got D’s, you probably didn’t end up at Google.)

Academic grades rarely assess qualities like creativity, leadership and teamwork skills, or social, emotional and political intelligence. Yes, straight-A students master cramming information and regurgitating it on exams. But career success is rarely about finding the right solution to a problem — it’s more about finding the right problem to solve.

In a classic 1962 study, a team of psychologists tracked down America’s most creative architects and compared them with their technically skilled but less original peers. One of the factors that distinguished the creative architects was a record of spiky grades. “In college our creative architects earned about a B average,” Donald MacKinnon wrote. “In work and courses which caught their interest they could turn in an A performance, but in courses that failed to strike their imagination, they were quite willing to do no work at all.” They paid attention to their curiosity and prioritized activities that they found intrinsically motivating — which ultimately served them well in their careers.

Getting straight A’s requires conformity. Having an influential career demands originality. In a study of students who graduated at the top of their class, the education researcher Karen Arnold found that although they usually had successful careers, they rarely reached the upper echelons. “Valedictorians aren’t likely to be the future’s visionaries,” Dr. Arnold explained. “They typically settle into the system instead of shaking it up.”

This might explain why Steve Jobs finished high school with a 2.65 G.P.A., J.K. Rowling graduated from the University of Exeter with roughly a C average, and the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. got only one A in his four years at Morehouse.

If your goal is to graduate without a blemish on your transcript, you end up taking easier classes and staying within your comfort zone. If you’re willing to tolerate the occasional B, you can learn to program in Python while struggling to decipher “Finnegans Wake.” You gain experience coping with failures and setbacks, which builds resilience.

Straight-A students also miss out socially. More time studying in the library means less time to start lifelong friendships, join new clubs or volunteer. I know from experience. I didn’t meet my 4.0 goal; I graduated with a 3.78. (This is the first time I’ve shared my G.P.A. since applying to graduate school 16 years ago. Really, no one cares.) Looking back, I don’t wish my grades had been higher. If I could do it over again, I’d study less. The hours I wasted memorizing the inner workings of the eye would have been better spent trying out improv comedy and having more midnight conversations about the meaning of life.

So universities: Make it easier for students to take some intellectual risks. Graduate schools can be clear that they don’t care about the difference between a 3.7 and a 3.9. Colleges could just report letter grades without pluses and minuses, so that any G.P.A. above a 3.7 appears on transcripts as an A. It might also help to stop the madness of grade inflation, which creates an academic arms race that encourages too many students to strive for meaningless perfection. And why not let students wait until the end of the semester to declare a class pass-fail, instead of forcing them to decide in the first month?

Employers: Make it clear you value skills over straight A’s. Some recruiters are already on board: In a 2003 study of over 500 job postings, nearly 15 percent of recruiters actively selected against students with high G.P.A.s (perhaps questioning their priorities and life skills), while more than 40 percent put no weight on grades in initial screening.

Straight-A students: Recognize that underachieving in school can prepare you to overachieve in life. So maybe it’s time to apply your grit to a new goal — getting at least one B before you graduate."]]></description>
<dc:subject>education grades grading colleges universities academia 2018 adamgrant psychology gpa assessment criticalthinking anxiety stress learning howwelearn motivation gradschool jkrowling stevejobs martinlutherkingjr perfectionism srg edg mlk</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2018/11/26/educator-finland-i-realized-how-mean-spirited-us-education-system-really-is/?noredirect=on">
    <title>Educator: In Finland, I realized how 'mean-spirited’ the U.S. education system really is - The Washington Post</title>
    <dc:date>2018-11-29T19:44:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2018/11/26/educator-finland-i-realized-how-mean-spirited-us-education-system-really-is/?noredirect=on</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The public school system is free to all, for as long as they live. Compulsory education extends from age 6 to 16. After that, students can choose schools, tracks and interests. Students can track academically or vocationally, change their minds midstream, or meld the two together. Remember the goal: competency.

Though students are required to go to school only until age 16, those who leave before secondary school are considered dropouts. Programs designed to entice these youngsters — typically those who struggle academically for a variety of reasons — back into education address the national 5 percent dropout rate. We visited one of these classrooms where teachers rotated three weeks of instruction with three weeks of internships in area businesses.

We toured a secondary school with both a technical and academic wing. The teachers were experimenting with melding the two programs. In the technical wing, we visited a classroom where adults were receiving training to make a career switch. Free.

The fact that students can fail and return, or work and return, or retire and return had a palpable effect on the mood and the tone of the buildings. Surprisingly, considering their achievements, Finnish students spend less time in the classroom, have more breaks throughout the day, and benefit from receiving medical, dental, psychiatric care and healthful meals while in school. It was ... nice.

In comparison, the United States public school system (an idea we invented, by the way) seems decidedly mean-spirited.

Our students enter at around age 5 and have some 13 years to attain a high school diploma. Failure to earn a diploma is a dead end for most. In the United States, when students fail at school — or leave due to many other factors, sometimes just as resistant teenagers — we are done with you. Sure, there are outliers who are successful through luck, sweat, connections or all three, but for most, the lack of a diploma is a serious obstacle toward advancement.

Without a high school diploma, educational aspirations can be severely truncated. Students need a high school diploma to attend community colleges and many technical schools which provide access to advanced skills that impact the living standard.

With or without the needed diploma, any additional education is at the student’s expense in time or money — a further blow to financial standing.

The 13-year window of opportunity does not factor in the developmental level of students at the time of entry. Any educator knows that children do not arrive with the same readiness to learn.

There are many other differences. Unlike the Finnish competency system, ours is based on meeting a prescribed set of standards by passing tests of discrete knowledge. Our students face a gauntlet of tests, even though any standards can be woefully outdated by the time a graduate enters a quickly evolving job market. The Finns take matriculation tests (there is choice in these as well) at the end of secondary but all interviewed said the scores did not have much bearing on what students could do next.""]]></description>
<dc:subject>finland schools us education policy unschooling deschooling schooliness competition competitiveness marytedro valeriestrauss politics economics assessment testing standardizedtesting competency vocational schooling 2018 readiness standardization standards work labor opportunity dropouts care caring</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.alfiekohn.org/blogs/regressive/">
    <title>Progressive Labels for Regressive Practices: How Key Terms in Education Have Been Co-opted - Alfie Kohn</title>
    <dc:date>2018-10-18T00:06:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.alfiekohn.org/blogs/regressive/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[via: https://twitter.com/cblack__/status/1052629222089359361

"So here's the cycle:

1. Educators create valid term for needed reform.
2. Corporate/political forces co-opt term to sell bullshit to schools.
3. Regressive educators equate needed reform with bullshit "reform."
4. Needed reform is defeated & forgotten.

Example:

1. Educators advocate for differentiated/personalized learning as humane, relationship-based alternative to standardization.
2. Corporations co-opt term to sell algorithm-based-ed-tech bullshit.
3. Popular bloggers equate 'personalized learning' with edtech bullshit.
4. Public impression is created that 'personalized learning' is a negative, corporate-driven, bullshit concept.
5. Standardization prevails." 

[my reply]

"“a dark commentary on how capitalism absorbs its critiques”" (quoting https://twitter.com/amandahess/status/1052689514039250945 ) ]

"“When I use a word,” Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, “it means just what I choose it to mean – neither more nor less.”

— Lewis Caroll, Through the Looking Glass

“Whole language” (WL), a collaborative, meaning-based approach to helping children learn to read and write, emerged a few decades ago as a grassroots movement. Until it was brought down by furious attacks from social conservatives, academic behaviorists, and others, many teachers were intrigued by this alternative to the phonics fetish and basal boom that defined the field. More than just an instructional technique, WL amounted to a declaration of independence from packaged reading programs. So how did the publishers of those programs respond? Some “absorbed the surface [features] of WL and sold them back to teachers.” Others just claimed that whatever was already in their commercial materials — bite-size chunks of literature and prefabricated lesson plans — was whole language.[1]

Until you can beat them, pretend to join them: WL is literally a textbook illustration of that strategy. But it’s hardly the only one. For example, experts talk about the importance of having kids do science rather than just learning about it, so many companies now sell kits for easy experimenting. It’s branded as “discovery learning,” except that much of the discovery has been done ahead of time.

A teacher-educator friend of mine, a leading student of constructivism, was once treated to dinner by a textbook publisher who sought his counsel about how kids can play an active role in the classroom and create meaning around scientific ideas. The publisher listened avidly, taking careful notes, which my friend found enormously gratifying until he suddenly realized that the publisher’s objective was just to appropriate key phrases that could be used in the company’s marketing materials and as chapter headings in its existing textbook.

Or consider cooperative learning. Having students spend much of their classroom time in pairs or small groups is a radical notion: Learning becomes a process of exchanging and reflecting on ideas with peers and planning projects together. When we learn with and from one another, schooling is about us, not just about me. But no sooner had the idea begun to catch on (in the 1980s) than it was diluted, reduced to a gimmick for enlivening a comfortably traditional curriculum. Teachers were told, in effect, that they didn’t have to question their underlying model of learning; students would memorize facts and practice skills more efficiently if they did it in groups. Some writers even recommended using grades, certificates, and elaborate point systems to reinforce students for cooperating appropriately.[2]

In short, the practice of “co-opting” potentially transformative movements in education[3] is nothing new. Neither, however, is it just a historical artifact. A number of labels that originally signified progressive ideas continue to be (mis)appropriated, their radical potential drained away, with the result that they’re now invoked by supporters of “bunch o’ facts” teaching or a corporate-styled, standards-and-testing model of school reform.[4]

A sample:

* Engaging doesn’t denote a specific pedagogical approach; it’s used as a general honorific, signifying a curriculum that the students themselves experience as worthwhile. But these days the word is often applied to tasks that may not be particularly interesting to most kids and that they had no role in choosing. In fact, the value of the tasks may simply be ignored, so we hear about student “engagement,” which seems to mean nothing more than prompt or sustained compliance. Such children have internalized the adults’ agenda and are (extrinsically) motivated to complete the assignment, whatever it is. If the point is to get them to stay “on task,” we’re spared having to think about what the task is — or who gets to decide — even as we talk earnestly about the value of having engaged students.[5]

* Developmental originally meant taking our cue from what children of a given age are capable of doing. But for some time now, the word has come to imply something rather different: letting children move at their own pace . . . up an adult-constructed ladder. Kids may have nothing to say about what, whether, or why — only about when. (This is similar to the idea of “mastery learning” — a phrase that hasn’t really been co-opted because it was never particularly progressive to begin with. Oddly, though, it’s still brandished proudly by people who seem to think it represents a forward-thinking approach to education.[6])

* Differentiated, individualized, or personalized learning all emerge from what would seem a perfectly reasonable premise: Kids have very different needs and interests, so we should think twice about making all of them do the same thing, let alone do it in the same way. But there’s a big difference between working with each student to create projects that reflect his or her preferences and strengths, on the one hand, and merely adjusting the difficulty level of skills-based exercises based on students’ test scores, on the other. The latter version has become more popular in recent years, driven in part by troubling programs such as “mass customized learning”[7] and by technology companies that peddle “individualized digital learning” products. (I have more to say about the differences between authentic personal learning and what might be called Personalized Learning, Inc. in this blog post.)

* Formative assessment was supposed to be the good kind — gauging students’ success while they’re still learning rather than evaluating them for the purpose of rating or ranking when it’s too late to make changes. But the concept “has been taken over — hijacked — by commercial test publishers and is used instead to refer to formal testing systems,” says assessment expert Lorrie Shepard.[8] Basically, an endless succession of crappy “benchmark” standardized tests — intended to refine preparation for the high-stakes tests that follow — are euphemistically described as “formative assessment.” Too often, in other words, the goal is just to see how well students will do on another test, not to provide feedback that will help them think deeply about questions that intrigue them. (The same is true of the phrase “assessment for learning,” which sounds nice but means little until we’ve asked “Learning what?”) The odds of an intellectually valuable outcome are slim to begin with if we’re relying on a test rather than on authentic forms of assessment.[9]

* A reminder to focus on the learning, not just the teaching seems refreshing and enlightened. After all, our actions as educators don’t matter nearly as much as how kids experience those actions. The best teachers (and parents) continually try to see what they do through the eyes of those to whom it’s done. But at some point I had the queasy realization that lots of consultants and administrators who insist that learning is more important than teaching actually have adopted a behaviorist version of learning, with an emphasis on discrete skills measured by test scores.

You see the pattern here. We need to ask what kids are being given to do, and to what end, and within what broader model of learning, and as decided by whom. If we allow ourselves to be distracted from those questions, then even labels with a proud progressive history can be co-opted to the point that they no longer provide reassurance about the practice to which the label refers."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.forbes.com/sites/frederickhess/2018/09/18/how-much-do-rising-test-scores-tell-us-about-a-school/#acfe95c22e87">
    <title>How Much Do Rising Test Scores Tell Us About A School?</title>
    <dc:date>2018-09-23T22:53:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.forbes.com/sites/frederickhess/2018/09/18/how-much-do-rising-test-scores-tell-us-about-a-school/#acfe95c22e87</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Reading and math scores have long been the currency of American schooling, and never more so than in the past two decades since the No Child Left Behind Act. Today, advocates will describe a teacher as “effective” when what they really mean is that the teacher’s students had big increases in reading and math scores. Politicians say a school is “good” when they mean that its reading and math scores are high.

So, how much do test scores really tell us, anyway? It turns out: A lot less than we’d like.

For all the attention to testing, there’s been a remarkable lack of curiosity about how much tests tell us. Last spring, for instance, researcher Collin Hitt, of the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, and two coauthors examined the research on school choice and found a striking disconnect between test score gains and longer-term outcomes. They reported, “Programs that produced no measurable positive impacts on achievement have frequently produced positive impacts on attainment” even as “programs that produced substantial test score gains” have shown no impact on high school graduation or college attendance. More generally, they observe:

The growing literature on early childhood education has found that short-term impacts on test scores are inconsistent predictors of later-life impacts . . . Studies of teacher impacts on student outcomes show a similar pattern of results . . . It turns out that teacher impacts on test scores are almost entirely uncorrelated with teacher impacts on student classroom behavior, attendance, truancy, and grades . . . The teachers who produce improvements in student behavior and noncognitive skills are not particularly likely to be the same teachers who improve test scores.


You would think this disconnect would prompt plenty of furrowed brows and set off lots of alarm bells. It hasn’t. And yet the phenomenon that Hitt et al. note isn’t all that surprising if we think about it. After all, test scores may go up for many reasons. Here are a few of them:

• Students may be learning more reading and math and the tests are simply picking that up. All good.

• Teachers may be shifting time and energy from untested subjects and activities (like history or Spanish) to the tested ones (like reading and math). If this is happening, scores can go up without students actually learning any more.

• Teachers may be learning what gets tested and focusing on that. In this case, they’re just teaching students more of what shows up on the test—again, this means that scores can go up without students learning any more.

• Schools may be focusing on test preparation, so that students do better on the test even as they spend less time learning content—meaning scores may go up while actual learning goes down.

• Scores may be manipulated in various ways, via techniques as problematic as cheating or as mundane as starting the school year earlier. Such strategies can yield higher test scores without telling us anything about whether students actually learned more than they used to.

It matters which of these forces are driving rising scores. To say this is not to deny the value of testing. Indeed, this observation is 100% consistent with a healthy emphasis on the “bottom line” of school improvement. After all, results are what matters.

But that presumes that the results mean what we think they do. Consider: If it turned out that an admired pediatrician was seeing more patients because she’d stopped running certain tests and was shortchanging preventive care, you might have second thoughts about her performance. That’s because it matters how she improved her stats. If it turned out that an automaker was boosting its profitability by using dirt-cheap, unsafe components, savvy investors would run for the hills—because those short-term gains will be turning into long-term headaches. In both cases, observers should note that the “improvements” were phantasms, ploys to look good without actually moving the bottom line.

That’s the point. Test scores can convey valuable information. Some tests, such as the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP), are more trustworthy than others. The NAEP, for instance, is less problematic because it’s administered with more safeguards and isn’t used to judge schools or teachers (which means they have less cause to try to teach to it). But the NAEP isn’t administered every year and doesn’t produce results for individual schools. Meanwhile, the annual state tests that we rely on when it comes to judging schools are susceptible to all the problems flagged above.

This makes the question of why reading and math scores change one that deserves careful, critical scrutiny. Absent that kind of audit, parents and communities can’t really know whether higher test scores mean that schools are getting better—or whether they’re just pretending to do so."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/">
    <title>How He's Using His Gifts | Akilah S. Richards [Episode 12]</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-12T18:12:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.akilahsrichards.com/heartwood/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We explore…gifted students, twice exceptional students, educators who shift from traditional to self-directed education, civic connections, the truth about college, and giving black and brown children more access.

Anthony Galloway wasn’t willing to be another cog in the system.

He’s a smart, twenty-something year old African-American man who chose to go into the field of education. He came up through the system, and learned how to excel in it. He also knew that he wanted to be part of the change in public education that allowed children of color access to the same resources and opportunities as children in white schools or private ones.

Anthony co-founded an Agile Learning Center, now facilitated by both him and long-time educator, Julia Cordero. I think you’re gonna find this discussion interesting because Anthony’s an educator who saw the school system for what it was and is, and started his own school to create something better."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://carolblack.org/the-gaze">
    <title>Children, Learning, and the Evaluative Gaze of School — Carol Black</title>
    <dc:date>2018-06-14T02:27:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://carolblack.org/the-gaze</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["That's when I understood: when you watch a child who is focused on learning, and you let them know you’re watching, and you let them know your opinion as though your opinion matters, you just took that thing away from them. You just made it yours. Your smell is all over it now.

The evaluative gaze does the greatest harm, of course, to the kids who live under a biased eye; the ones who enter school with a test score or a disciplinary record or a skin color that shades the gaze against them. Once an assessment of a child's ability has been made, positive or negative, that child will feel it; if you think you can conceal it from them, you're wrong. They know. They always know. Studies have shown that even lab rats learn more slowly if their researchers believe that they aren't smart rats. The kids who grow up under a negative gaze, the ones who day after day, year after year, feel themselves appraised and found wanting –– these kids pay the greatest price, their psyches permanently damaged by it, their futures irrevocably harmed. (The fact that our appraisals are shown again and again to be wrong never seems to discourage us from making them.) But even the kids who get the good grades, the high scores, the perfect "10's" –– even they are subtly blighted by it. They've won the prize, and lost their power.

Why is it clear to us that it's degrading and objectifying to measure and rank a girl’s physical body on a numeric scale, but we think it’s perfectly okay to measure and rank her mind that way?

Over the years I've watched the many ways that children try to cope with the evaluative gaze of school. (The gaze, of course, can come from parents, too; just ask my kids.) Some children eagerly display themselves for it; some try to make themselves invisible to it. They fight, they flee, they freeze; like prey animals they let their bodies go limp and passive before it. Some defy it by laughing in its face, by acting up, clowning around, refusing to attend or engage, refusing to try so you can never say they failed. Some master the art of holding back that last 10%, of giving just enough of themselves to "succeed," but holding back enough that the gaze can't define them (they don't yet know that this strategy will define and limit their lives.) Some make themselves sick trying to meet or exceed the "standards" that it sets for them. Some simply vanish into those standards until they don't know who they would have been had the standards not been set.

But the power of the gaze goes beyond the numbers and letters used to quantify it. It exists in looks and tones and body language, in words and in the spaces between words. It is a way of looking at another human being, of confronting another human life; it is a philosophical stance, an emotional stance, a political stance, an exercise of power. As philosopher Martin Buber might have put it, the stance of true relationship says to the other, "I–Thou;" the evaluative gaze says "I–It."  It says, "I am the subject; you are the object. I know what you are, I know what you should be, I know what 'standards' you must meet." It is a god-like stance, which is actually a big deal even if you think you are a fair and friendly god.

The evaluative gaze of school is so constant a presence, so all-pervasive an eye, that many people have come to believe that children would actually not grow and develop without it. They believe that without their "feedback," without their constant "assessment," a child's development would literally slow or even stop. They believe that children would not learn from the things they experience and do and see and hear and make and read and imagine unless they have an adult to "assess" them (or unless the adult teaches them to "self-assess," which generally means teaching them to internalize the adult gaze.) For people whose experience is with children inside the school system, it may seem self-evident that this is true. For people whose experience is with children outside the school system, it may seem like believing that an acorn would not grow into an oak tree unless you measure it and give it your opinion. Because an oak tree does not actually require your opinion, and believe it or not, 90% of the time, neither does a child. 

A pot boils whether you watch it or not. It just needs water and fire.

There are ever-increasing numbers of people raising their kids outside this Panopticon of constant evaluation and measurement and feedback, and what they find is simply this: they grow and develop very much like other kids. Like other kids, they don't all conform to the same "standards;" like other kids, they are individual and diverse. Like other kids, they have triumphs, and struggles, and doldrums, and passions, and frustrations, and joys. "Assessment," or the lack of it, seems to have remarkably little to do with it. Because what an oak tree actually needs is not your opinion but soil and water and light and air, and what a child needs is love and stories and tools and conversation and support and guidance and access to nature and culture and the world. If a kid asks for your feedback, by all means you can give it; it would be impolite not to. But what we should be measuring and comparing is not our children but the quality of the learning environments we provide for them. "]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2017/05/10/the-problem-with-measure/">
    <title>The Problem With “Measure” – Teachers Going Gradeless</title>
    <dc:date>2018-04-29T20:52:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://teachersgoinggradeless.com/2017/05/10/the-problem-with-measure/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Measurement requires a standard unit, a recognized standard that can be objectively applied in a context. I can measure my bike ride to school in units of length. If I share that measurement with my colleague who also bikes to school, we can objectively determine who travels the greatest distance each day. What isn’t measurable is the peace that twenty minute ride brings to my day.

When it comes to measurement, learning fits into the same category as love, pain, anger, joy, and peace of mind. Learning can’t be objectively measured. There is no standard unit of measurement to apply to learning. A skill can be demonstrated, progress can be noted, understanding can be communicated and shared, but technically this evidence of learning isn’t measurable."]]></description>
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    <title>Illustrative Mathematics</title>
    <dc:date>2018-04-06T02:14:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.illustrativemathematics.org/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><dc:subject>math mathematics curriculum teaching assessment education middleschool classideas via:carwaiseto</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/03/childhood-conformity/554453/">
    <title>Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle's Magical Cures Hide a Cold Truth - The Atlantic</title>
    <dc:date>2018-03-25T03:18:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/03/childhood-conformity/554453/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["As a child I found these books fascinating, suggesting as they did a conspiracy of adults manipulating children’s every move. Now, as a mother of four, I find them even more fascinating, because it turns out that the conspiracy is real. Parents do constantly conspire with a bevy of licensed and unlicensed advisors—relatives, friends, doctors, teachers, social-media strangers, even representatives of the state. What all these people promise is what Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle provides: conformity. It’s something so unnatural that it can only happen through magic, and yet it’s what’s expected of children, then and now.

Much of this conformity is just common courtesy; no one wants to live in a world in which people don’t pick up their toys. But the conformity parents sometimes crave goes deeper than that, and the desperation of these books’ 1950s parents hasn’t gone away. My 21st-century children laugh at Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle’s picket-fenced planet, where Mrs. Brown does the mending while Mr. Brown smokes his pipe, and little Christopher Brown putting his elbows on the table incurs an intervention involving a trained pig (don’t ask). But the reality is that today, amid a middle-class panic about their families’ and their country’s future, there is intense demand for children’s conformity. It can be hard to see just how much conformity is required until you have a child—or two, or four—who simply won’t comply.

For large numbers of children, for instance, sitting in a cinderblock box for six hours a day is an awful way to learn. But it’s hard to appreciate just how awful it is until your child gets expelled from preschool for being unable to remain in the room. You don’t think about how many questions your children ask when you read together until they get kicked out of the library story hour; you don’t realize how eagerly they explore nature until the arboretum ejects them for failing to stay in line on the trail. When your children achieve good grades, you are delighted, until you sit through the presentations where every child recites an identical list of facts about the country they “researched” on Wikipedia, and you realize what success is. You wonder why their assignments are so uninspired, until your answer arrives in the form of paperwork about multiday standardized tests. You wonder why your child who reads five novels weekly has been flagged for poor reading skills, until you discover that said child spends all assessment time reading under the desk.

You appreciate the need for children to develop patience, mastery, tolerance for boredom. But demand piles upon demand until it becomes a kind of daily war, as if this structure were specifically designed to destroy the very things that it purports to nourish. Your children soon meet other repeat offenders who frequent the principals’ and psychologists’ offices, children who sit on exercise balls and wear weighted vests in class to better constrain them, like characters from Kurt Vonnegut’s “Harrison Bergeron” dystopia. You observe as your children uncover, like video-game Easter eggs, your state’s various statutes that trigger ejection from class; soon even your kindergartner discovers that all he needs to do to leave the room is announce an urge to kill himself, a fact he then exploits at will. You don’t blame the schools for these essential interventions, but you can hardly blame your child either for wanting out, because clearly something is wrong. Your children love learning, reading, exploring, creating; at home they write books, invent board games, make up languages, build gadgets out of old coffee makers. They appear to have the makings of successful adults—they’re resourceful, independent, and interested in contributing something to the world. But the markers of success in children are in many ways the opposite of these markers of success in adulthood, and in the meantime—a long, decade-plus meantime—children are trapped in a kind of juvenile detention where success is defined by how well adults can manage them, the chief adult being you, the parent.

Through all this, the Mrs. Piggle-Wiggles proliferate. Some are relatives or trusted friends; others are professionals, teachers, therapists, doctors, all offering their chests of cures. Some of these cures actually work. But even when they work, you begin to wonder what it means for them to work, to wonder what you are not seeing when all the Mrs. Piggle-Wiggles see is a tattletale or a truant or a child covered in dirt, an aberration to be evened out, fixed, cured. This harrowing question brings you to the farthest edge of your own limitations as a parent, which is also the nearest edge of your child’s freedom. And then you understand that control is a delusion—that all you can do is what Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle never does, which is to love the people your children actually are, instead of the people you want them to be."]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.jessestommel.com/how-to-ungrade/">
    <title>How to Ungrade | Jesse Stommel</title>
    <dc:date>2018-03-11T23:40:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.jessestommel.com/how-to-ungrade/</link>
    <dc:creator>robertogreco</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[""I can't think of a more meaningless, superficial, cynical way to evaluate learning."
~ Cathy N. Davidson

The work of teaching shouldn't be reduced to the mechanical act of grading or marking. Our talk of grading shouldn't be reduced to our complaining about the continuing necessity of it.

If you're a teacher and you hate grading, stop doing it.

Across education, we've normalized absurd levels of grading, test-taking, and standardized assessment. And yet letter grades are a relatively recent phenomenon. They weren't widely used until the 1940s. In “Teaching More by Grading Less,” Jeffrey Schinske and Kimberly Tanner cite the first “official record” of a grading system from Yale in 1785. The A-F system appears to have emerged in 1898 (with the “E” not disappearing until the 1930s) and the 100-point or percentage scale became common in the early 1900s. According to Schinske and Tanner, even by 1971, only 67% of primary and secondary schools in the U.S. were using letter grades. The desire for uniformity across institutions was the primary motivator for the spread of these systems.

As I was preparing to write this piece, I looked through the sections on grading from a dozen or so U.S. teaching and learning centers. What I noticed across the lot of them is how their language around grading emphasizes “efficiency” (the word repeated incessantly) while reducing individual students to cogs in a machine that ultimately seems to have little to do with them. The work of grading is framed less in terms of giving feedback or encouraging learning and more as a way of ranking students against one another. Nods to “fairness” are too often made for the sake of defensibility rather than equity. What disturbs me is how effortlessly and casually this language rolls off Education's collective tongue. And I'm even more disturbed by how many otherwise productive pedagogical conversations get sidetracked by the too easily internalized ubiquity of grades.

The page from the Berkeley Graduate Division offering “Tips on Grading Efficiently” is pretty standard fare. The very first bit of advice on grading for new graduate student instructors raises more anxiety around grades than it alleviates. And at the same time, as is all too common, grading is something new teachers are encouraged to spend as little time on as possible: “Too often, time spent grading takes away from time spent doing your own coursework or research.”

Without much critical examination, teachers accept they have to grade, students accept they have to be graded, students are made to feel like they should care a great deal about grades, and teachers are told they shouldn't spend much time thinking about the why, when, and whether of grades. Obedience to a system of crude ranking is crafted to feel altruistic, because it's supposedly fair, saves time, and helps prepare students for the horrors of the “real world.” Conscientious objection is made to seem impossible.

I've been leading workshops on grading for years, and when I talk about why I don't grade, I often hear back some version of, “but I have to grade” ... because I'm an adjunct ... because my institution requires it ... because grading is necessary in my discipline ... because wouldn't you want your heart surgeon to have been graded? The need to navigate institutional (and disciplinary) pressures is real, but I would argue teachers grade in many more situations than grading is useful and/or actually required by institutions. And, as I've said before, I care less that my doctors are graded and more that they've read all the books of Virginia Woolf or Octavia Butler, because critical thinking is what will help them save my life when they encounter a situation they've never encountered before.

Peter Elbow writes in “Ranking, Evaluating, Liking: Sorting Out Three Forms of Judgement,” "Let's do as little ranking and grading as we can. They are never fair and they undermine learning and teaching." I believe pedagogy is personal and idiosyncratic. My approach won't necessarily work in each classroom, at every institution, for all teachers, with every group of students. My hope with this and my previous posts about grading is to challenge stock assumptions, describe what has worked for me, and explore alternatives that might just work for others."]]></description>
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