https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/public/ recent bookmarks from kcwidjaja 2023-05-19T23:16:39+00:00 https://pinboard.in/settings/password kcwidjajakcwidjaja:7666DC7AE5688D5120A3 ]]> https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:e3e0bf054693/ 2022-03-25T11:22:08+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##One+tempting+failure+mode+is+to+think+%E2%80%9COh%2C+I+should+master+the+API+first%E2%80%9D%2C+and+then+to+dive+into+tutorials+or+the+documentation.+Apart+from+a+quick+skim+of+a+tutorial+or+the+documentation%2C+that%27s+a+mistake.+A+better+approach+is+to+find+a+small%2C+functioning+piece+of+code+that+does+something+related+to+the+core+functionality+of+my+project.+It+doesn%27t+need+to+be+similar+to+the+whole+project%2C+but+ideally+implements+one+or+two+similar+features%2C+and+is+a+few+tens+or+hundreds+of+lines+of+code+long.+I+get+that+code+running%2C+then+start+making+small+tweaks%2C+adding+bits+of+functionality+I+need%2C+taking+out+bits+that+I+don%27t%2C+and+trying+to+understand+and+improve+the+code. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:b4da15e02b94/ 2022-03-25T11:14:28+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Suppose+you%27re+introduced+to+a+person+at+a+party%2C+and+then+don%27t+think+about+their+name+for+20+minutes.+But+then+you+need+to+introduce+them+to+someone+else%2C+and+so+need+to+bring+it+to+mind.+Immediately+after+that%2C+your+probability+of+recall+will+again+be+very+high.+Ebbinghaus%27s+research+suggested+that+the+probability+will+decay+exponentially+after+the+re-test%2C+but+the+rate+of+decay+will+be+slower+than+it+was+initially.+In+fact%2C+subsequent+re-tests+will+slow+the+decay+still+more%2C+a+gradually+flattening+out+of+the+decay+curve+as+the+memory+is+consolidated+through+multiple+recall+events%3A+This+gradual+increase+in+decay+time+underlies+the+design+of+Anki+and+similar+memory+systems.+It%27s+why+Anki+gradually+expands+the+time+periods+between+testing.+These+phenomena+are+part+of+a+broader+set+of+ideas+which+have+been+extensively+studied+by+scientists.+There+are+several+related+terms+used+for+this+set+of+phenomena%2C+but+we%27ll+use+the+phrase+%E2%80%9Cdistributed+practice%E2%80%9D%2C+meaning+practice+which+is+distributed+in+time%2C+ideally+in+a+way+designed+to+maximally+promote+retention.+This+is+in+contrast+to+cramming%2C+often+known+as+massed+practice%2C+where+people+try+to+fit+all+their+study+into+just+one+session%2C+relying+on+repetition. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:499c387d0852/ 2022-03-25T11:12:43+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Ebbinghaus+found+that+the+probability+of+correctly+recalling+an+item+declined+%28roughly%29+exponentially+with+time.+Today%2C+this+is+called+the+Ebbinghaus+forgetting+curve%3A+What+determines+the+steepness+of+the+curve%2C+i.e.%2C+how+quickly+memories+decay%3F+In+fact%2C+the+steepness+depends+on+many+things.+For+instance%2C+it+may+be+steeper+for+more+complex+or+less+familiar+concepts.+You+may+find+it+easier+to+remember+a+name+that+sounds+similar+to+names+you%27ve+heard+before%3A+say%2C+Richard+Hamilton%2C+rather+than+Suzuki+Harunobu.+So+they%27d+have+a+shallower+curve.+Similarly%2C+you+may+find+it+easier+to+remember+something+visual+than+verbal.+Or+something+verbal+rather+than+a+motor+skill.+And+if+you+use+more+elaborate+ways+of+remembering+%E2%80%93+mnemonics%2C+for+instance%2C+or+just+taking+care+to+connect+an+idea+to+other+things+you+already+know+%E2%80%93+you+may+be+able+to+flatten+the+curve+out%2A%2A+Although+this+expansion+is+much+studied%2C+there+is+surprisingly+little+work+building+detailed+predictive+models+of+the+expansion.+An+exception+is%3A+Burr+Settles+and+Brendan+Meeder%2C+A+Trainable+Spaced+Repetition+Model+for+Language+Learning+%282016%29.+This+paper+builds+a+regression+model+to+predict+the+decay+rate+of+student+memory+on+Duolingo%2C+the+online+language+learning+platform.+The+result+was+not+only+better+prediction+of+decay+rates%2C+but+also+improved+Duolingo+student+engagement.. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:2fdf2508130b/ 2022-03-25T11:11:25+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Distributed+practice kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:496d308a156e/ 2022-03-25T11:10:03+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Put+another+way%2C+in+Miller%27s+account+the+chunk+was+effectively+the+basic+unit+of+working+memory.+And+so+Simon+and+his+collaborators+were+studying+the+basic+units+used+in+the+working+memory+of+chess+players.+If+those+chunks+were+more+complex%2C+then+that+meant+a+player%27s+working+memory+had+a+higher+effective+capacity.+In+particular%2C+someone+with+a+lower+IQ+but+able+to+call+on+more+complex+chunks+would+be+able+to+reason+about+more+complex+situations+than+someone+with+a+higher+IQ+but+less+complex+internalized+chunks.+In+other+words%2C+having+more+chunks+memorized+in+some+domain+is+somewhat+like+an+effective+boost+to+a+person%27s+IQ+in+that+domain kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:9bd4b64b5b8f/ 2022-03-25T08:20:39+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##It%27s+like+they%27re+trying+to+compose+a+beautiful+sonnet+in+French%2C+but+only+know+200+words+of+French.+They%27re+frustrated%2C+and+think+the+trouble+is+the+difficulty+of+finding+a+good+theme%2C+striking+sentiments+and+images%2C+and+so+on.+But+really+the+issue+is+that+they+have+only+200+words+with+which+to+compose.+My+somewhat+pious+belief+was+that+if+people+focused+more+on+remembering+the+basics%2C+and+worried+less+about+the+%E2%80%9Cdifficult%E2%80%9D+high-level+issues%2C+they%27d+find+the+high-level+issues+took+care+of+themselves kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:4b805871cbd0/ 2022-03-25T08:20:25+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Over+the+years%2C+I%27ve+often+helped+people+learn+technical+subjects+such+as+quantum+mechanics.+Over+time+you+come+to+see+patterns+in+how+people+get+stuck.+One+common+pattern+is+that+people+think+they%27re+getting+stuck+on+esoteric%2C+complex+issues.+But+when+you+dig+down+it+turns+out+they%27re+having+a+hard+time+with+basic+notation+and+terminology.+It%27s+difficult+to+understand+quantum+mechanics+when+you%27re+unclear+about+every+third+word+or+piece+of+notation%21+Every+sentence+is+a+struggle kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:6ec6558ce17d/ 2022-03-25T06:21:03+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##On+the+role+of+cognitive+science+in+the+design+of+systems+to+augment+cognition kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:2905a8148d56/ 2022-03-25T06:18:37+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##How+important+is+long-term+memory%2C+anyway%3F kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:2e0f42ae59f2/ 2022-03-25T06:18:22+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Part+II%3A+Personal+Memory+Systems+More+Broadly kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:9a487e350836/ 2022-03-25T06:15:43+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##If+personal+memory+systems+are+so+great%2C+why+aren%27t+they+more+widely+used%3F kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:a63d45f8ab34/ 2022-03-25T06:11:02+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##One+caution+is+with+books%3A+reading+an+entire+book+is+a+big+commitment%2C+and+adding+Anki+questions+regularly+can+slow+you+down+a+lot.+It%27s+worth+keeping+this+in+mind+when+deciding+how+much+to+Ankify.+Sometimes+a+book+is+so+dense+with+great+material+that+it%27s+worth+taking+the+time+to+add+lots+of+questions.+But+unmindfully+Ankifying+everything+in+sight+is+a+bad+habit%2C+one+I%27ve+occasionally+fallen+into. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:58bb291a74ad/ 2022-03-25T06:10:21+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##I%27m+more+haphazard+about+videos%2C+events%2C+and+places.+It%27d+be+good+to%2C+say%2C+systematically+Ankify+3-5+questions+after+going+on+an+outing+or+to+a+new+restaurant%2C+to+help+me+remember+the+experience.+I+do+this+sometimes.+But+I+haven%27t+been+that+systematic. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:d36966f3a339/ 2022-03-25T06:09:48+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##For+seminars+and+conversations+with+colleagues+I+find+it+surprisingly+helpful+to+set+Anki+quotas.+For+instance%2C+for+seminars+I+try+to+find+at+least+three+high-quality+questions+to+Ankify.+For+extended+conversations%2C+at+least+one+high-quality+question+to+Ankify.+I%27ve+found+that+setting+quotas+helps+me+pay+more+attention%2C+especially+during+seminars.+%28I+find+it+much+easier+a+priori+to+pay+attention+in+one-on-one+conversation.%29 kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:047bead25b06/ 2022-03-25T06:08:31+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Using+Anki+for+APIs%2C+books%2C+videos%2C+seminars%2C+conversations%2C+the+web%2C+events%2C+and+places%3A+Nearly kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:e6091eca4179/ 2022-03-25T06:06:14+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Fortunately%2C+it+wasn%27t+that+hard+to+catch+up.+I+set+myself+gradually+increasing+quotas+%28100%2C+150%2C+200%2C+250%2C+and+eventually+300%29+of+cards+per+day%2C+and+worked+through+those+quotas+each+day+for+several+weeks+until+I%27d+caught+up.+While+this+wasn%27t+too+difficult%2C+it+was+somewhat+demoralizing+and+discouraging.+It%27d+be+better+if+Anki+had+a+%E2%80%9Ccatch+up%E2%80%9D+feature+that+would+spread+the+excess+cards+over+the+next+few+weeks+in+your+schedule.+But+it+doesn%27t.+In+any+case%2C+this+is+a+gotcha%2C+but+it%27s+not+too+difficult+to+address. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:833597da07df/ 2022-03-25T06:04:50+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##What+do+you+do+when+you+get+behind%3F kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:e512cc17c87d/ 2022-03-25T06:02:08+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Getting+past+%E2%80%9Cnames+don%27t+matter kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:e875261f3862/ 2022-03-25T06:01:49+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##I%27ve+found+the+transfer+process+relatively+easy.+In+the+case+of+the+command+line%2C+I+use+it+often+enough+that+I+have+plenty+of+opportunities+to+make+real+use+of+my+Ankified+knowledge+of+the+command+line.+Over+time%2C+that+declarative+knowledge+is+becoming+procedural+knowledge+I+routinely+use+in+context.+That+said%2C+it%27d+be+good+to+better+understand+when+the+transfer+works+and+when+it+doesn%27t.+Even+better+would+be+a+memory+system+that+integrates+into+my+actual+working+environment.+For+instance%2C+it+could+query+me+on+Unix+commands%2C+while+placing+me+at+an+actual+command+line.+Or+perhaps+it+would+ask+me+to+solve+higher-level+problems%2C+while+at+the+command+line. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:b9a986f8000b/ 2022-03-25T06:00:41+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##There%27s+a+big+difference+between+remembering+a+fact+and+mastering+a+process.+For+instance%2C+while+you+might+remember+a+Unix+command+when+cued+by+an+Anki+question%2C+that+doesn%27t+mean+you%27ll+recognize+an+opportunity+to+use+the+command+in+the+context+of+the+command+line%2C+and+be+comfortable+typing+it+out.+And+it%27s+still+another+thing+to+find+novel%2C+creative+ways+of+combining+the+commands+you+know%2C+in+order+to+solve+challenging+problems.+Put+another+way%3A+to+really+internalize+a+process%2C+it%27s+not+enough+just+to+review+Anki+cards.+You+need+to+carry+out+the+process%2C+in+context.+And+you+need+to+solve+real+problems+with+it. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:21bf49ab5047/ 2022-03-25T05:59:31+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Procedural+versus+declarative+memory kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:a40158a1fd05/ 2022-03-25T05:55:42+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##when+someone+is+getting+started+I+advise+not+using+any+advanced+features%2C+and+not+installing+any+plugins.+Don%27t%2C+in+short%2C+come+down+with+a+bad+case+of+programmer%27s+efficiency+disease.+Learn+how+to+use+Anki+for+basic+question+and+answer%2C+and+concentrate+on+exploring+new+patterns+within+that+paradigm.+That%27ll+serve+you+far+better+than+any+number+of+hours+spent+fiddling+around+with+the+features.+Then%2C+if+you+build+a+regular+habit+of+high-quality+Anki+use%2C+you+can+experiment+with+more+advanced+features. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:8bef8f1668b0/ 2022-03-25T05:54:15+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##know+many+people+who+try+Anki+out%2C+and+then+go+down+a+rabbit+hole+learning+as+many+features+as+possible+so+they+can+use+it+%E2%80%9Cefficiently%E2%80%9D.+Usually%2C+they%27re+chasing+1%25+improvements.+Often%2C+those+people+ultimately+give+up+Anki+as+%E2%80%9Ctoo+difficult%E2%80%9D%2C+which+is+often+a+synonym+for+%E2%80%9CI+got+nervous+I+wasn%27t+using+it+perfectly%E2%80%9D.+This+is+a+pity.+As+discussed+earlier%2C+Anki+offers+something+like+a+20-fold+improvement+over+%28say%29+ordinary+flashcards.+And+so+they%27re+giving+up+a+2%2C000%25+improvement+because+they+were+worried+they+were+missing+a+few+final+5%25%2C+1%25+and+%28in+many+cases%29+0.1%25+improvements.+This+kind+of+rabbit+hole+seems+to+be+especially+attractive+to+programmers. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:92ea8f930d97/ 2022-03-25T05:52:37+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Anki+has+ways+of+auto-generating+cards%2C+of+tagging+cards%2C+a+plugin+ecosystem%2C+and+much+else.+In+practice%2C+I+rarely+use+any+of+these+features.+My+cards+are+always+one+of+two+types%3A+the+majority+are+simple+question+and+answer%3B+a+substantial+minority+are+what%27s+called+a+cloze%3A+a+kind+of+fill-in-the-blanks+test.+For+instance%2C+I%27ll+use+clozes+to+test+myself+on+favorite+quotes%3A+%E2%80%9Cif+the+personal+computer+is+truly+a+__+then+the+use+of+it+would+actually+change+the+__+of+an+__%22%2C+__%2C+__%E2%80%9D+%28Answer%3A+new+medium%2C+thought+patterns%2C+entire+civilization%2C+Alan+Kay%2C+1989%29.+Clozes+can+also+be+used+to+pose+questions+not+involving+quotes%3A+The+Adelson+illusion+is+also+known+as+the+___+illusion.+%28Answer%3A+checker-shadow%29+Why+not+use+more+of+Anki%27s+features%3F+Part+of+the+reason+is+that+I+get+an+enormous+benefit+from+just+the+core+features.+Furthermore%2C+learning+to+use+this+tiny+set+of+features+well+has+required+a+lot+of+work.+A+basketball+and+hoop+are+simple+pieces+of+equipment%2C+but+you+can+spend+a+lifetime+learning+to+use+them+well.+Similarly%2C+basic+Anki+practice+can+be+developed+enormously.+And+so+I%27ve+concentrated+on+learning+to+use+those+basic+features+well. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:50aa4213c572/ 2022-03-25T05:52:12+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##95%25+of+Anki%27s+value+comes+from+5%25+of+the+features kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:e75f503f6753/ 2022-03-25T05:49:15+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##This+is+really+a+meta-strategy%2C+i.e.%2C+a+strategy+for+forming+strategies.+One+simple+example+strategy+is+to+use+multiple+variants+of+the+%E2%80%9Csame%E2%80%9D+question.+For+instance%2C+I+mentioned+earlier+my+two+questions%3A+%E2%80%9CWhat+does+Jones+2011+claim+is+the+average+age+at+which+physics+Nobelists+made+their+prizewinning+discovery%2C+over+1980-2011%3F%E2%80%9D+And%3A+%E2%80%9CWhich+paper+claimed+that+physics+Nobelists+made+their+prizewinning+discovery+at+average+age+48%2C+over+the+period+1980-2011%3F%E2%80%9D+Logically%2C+these+two+questions+are+obviously+closely+related.+But+in+terms+of+how+memory+works%2C+they+are+different%2C+causing+associations+on+very+different+triggers. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:261527e9b79b/ 2022-03-25T05:47:50+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Cultivate+strategies+for+elaborative+encoding+%2F+forming+rich+associations kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:bed7ae0ed19c/ 2022-03-25T05:45:53+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##It%27s+particularly+worth+avoiding+lonely+orphans%3A+single+questions+that+are+largely+disconnected+from+everything+else.+Suppose%2C+for+instance%2C+I%27m+reading+an+article+on+a+new+subject%2C+and+I+learn+an+idea+that+seems+particularly+useful.+I+make+it+a+rule+to+never+put+in+one+question.+Rather%2C+I+try+to+put+at+least+two+questions+in%2C+preferably+three+or+more.+That%27s+usually+enough+that+it%27s+at+least+the+nucleus+of+a+bit+of+useful+knowledge.+If+it%27s+a+lonely+orphan%2C+inevitably+I+get+the+question+wrong+all+the+time%2C+and+it%27s+a+waste+to+have+entered+it+at+all. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:46746df3670f/ 2022-03-25T05:43:05+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Suppose+I%27m+reading+online+and+stumble+across+a+great+article+about+the+grooming+habits+of+the+Albanian+giant+mongoose%2C+a+subject+I+never+previously+knew+I+was+interested+in%2C+but+which+turns+out+to+be+fascinating.+Pretty+soon+I%27ve+Ankified+5+to+10+questions.+That%27s+great%2C+but+my+experience+suggests+that+in+a+few+months+I%27ll+likely+find+those+questions+rather+stale%2C+and+frequently+get+them+wrong.+I+believe+the+reason+is+that+those+questions+are+too+disconnected+from+my+other+interests%2C+and+I+will+have+lost+the+context+that+made+me+interested.+I+call+these+orphan+questions%2C+because+they%27re+not+closely+related+to+anything+else+in+my+memory.+It%27s+not+bad+to+have+a+few+orphan+questions+in+Anki+%E2%80%93+it+can+be+difficult+to+know+what+will+turn+out+to+be+of+only+passing+interest%2C+and+what+will+grow+into+a+substantial+interest%2C+connected+to+my+other+interests.+But+if+a+substantial+minority+of+your+questions+are+orphans%2C+that%27s+a+sign+you+should+concentrate+more+on+Ankifying+questions+related+to+your+main+creative+projects%2C+and+cut+down+on+Ankifying+tangential+material. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:ef5e421308ec/ 2022-03-25T05:38:57+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Anki+isn%27t+just+a+tool+for+memorizing+simple+facts.+It%27s+a+tool+for+understanding+almost+anything kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:969029d22440/ 2022-03-25T05:36:40+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Part+of+developing+Anki+as+a+virtuoso+skill+is+cultivating+the+ability+to+use+it+for+types+of+understanding+beyond+basic+facts.+Indeed%2C+many+of+the+observations+I%27ve+made+%28and+will+make%2C+below%29+about+how+to+use+Anki+are+really+about+what+it+means+to+understand+something.+Break+things+up+into+atomic+facts.+Build+rich+hierarchies+of+interconnections+and+integrative+questions.+Don%27t+put+in+orphan+questions.+Patterns+for+how+to+engage+with+reading+material.+Patterns+%28and+anti-patterns%29+for+question+types.+Patterns+for+the+kinds+of+things+you%27d+like+to+memorize.+Anki+skills+concretely+instantiate+your+theory+of+how+you+understand%3B+developing+those+skills+will+help+you+understand+better.+It%27s+too+strong+to+say+that+to+be+a+virtuoso+Anki+user+is+to+be+a+virtuoso+in+understanding.+But+there%27s+some+truth+to+it. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:efa96c5c26e2/ 2022-03-25T05:35:01+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Avoid+orphan+questions kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:5340c546e347/ 2022-03-25T05:34:02+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Use+one+big+deck kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:104fe9322eec/ 2022-03-25T05:32:15+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##out+to+be+fascinating.+Pretty+soon+I%27ve+Ankified+5+to+10+questions.+That%27s+great%2C+but+my+experience+suggests+that+in+a+few+months+I%27ll+likely+find+those+questions+rather+stale%2C+and+frequently+get+them+wrong.+I+believe+the+reason+is+that+those+questions+are+too+disconnected+from+my+other+interests%2C+and+I+will+have+lost+the+context+that+made+me+interested kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:85b18b6fa204/ 2022-03-25T05:29:32+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##skim+through+and+concentrate+on+those kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:b1e28564f35d/ 2022-03-25T05:29:28+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##wish+to+skim+through+and+concentrate+on+those+items+which+most+catch+your+eye.+Make+most+Anki+questions+and+answers+as+atomic+as+possible%3A+That+is%2C+both+the+question+and+answer+express+just+one+idea.+As+an+example%2C+when+I+was+learning+the+Unix+command+line%2C+I+entered+the+question%3A+%E2%80%9CHow+to+create+a+soft+link+from+linkname+to+filename%3F%E2%80%9D+The+answer+was%3A+%E2%80%9Cln+-s+filename+linkname%E2%80%9D.+Unfortunately%2C+I+routinely+got+this+question+wrong. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:ed27f9399b1f/ 2022-03-25T05:29:25+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Make+most+Anki+questions+and+answers+as+atomic+as+possible%3A+That+is%2C+both+the+question+and+answer+express+just+one+idea.+As+an+example%2C+when+I+was+learning+the+Unix+command+line%2C+I+entered+the+question%3A+%E2%80%9CHow+to+create+a+soft+link+from+linkname+to+filename%3F%E2%80%9D+The+answer+was%3A+%E2%80%9Cln+-s+filename+linkname%E2%80%9D.+Unfortunately%2C+I+routinely+got+this+question+wrong. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:c4b4123f6058/ 2022-03-25T05:28:42+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##express+just+one+idea.+As+an+example%2C+when+I+was+learning+the+Unix+command+line%2C+I+entered+the+question%3A+%E2%80%9CHow+to+create+a+soft+link+from+linkname+to+filename%3F%E2%80%9D+The+answer+was%3A+%E2%80%9Cln+-s+filename+linkname%E2%80%9D.+Unfortunately%2C+I+routinely+got+this+question+wrong.+The kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:095dde0cf983/ 2022-03-25T05:28:38+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##That+is%2C+both+the+question+and+answer+express+just+one+idea.+As+an+example%2C+when+I+was+learning+the+Unix+command+line%2C+I+entered+the+question%3A+%E2%80%9CHow+to+create+a+soft+link+from+linkname+to+filename%3F%E2%80%9D+The+answer+was%3A+%E2%80%9Cln+-s+filename+linkname%E2%80%9D.+Unfortunately%2C+I+routinely+got+this+question+wrong. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:7dc280a0e01a/ 2022-03-25T05:28:23+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##idea.+As+an+example%2C+when+I+was+learning+the kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:39a1fa421cb6/ 2022-03-25T05:28:18+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##skim+through+and+concentrate+on+those+items+which+most+catch+your+eye kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:b1dc78c94b89/ 2022-03-25T05:27:53+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##about+focus.+When+I+made+mistakes+with+the+combined+question%2C+I+was+often+a+little+fuzzy+about+where+exactly+my+mistake+was.+That+meant+I+didn%27t kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:5324793013d8/ 2022-03-25T05:26:19+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##both+the+question+and+answer+express+just+one+idea.+As+an+example%2C+when+I+was+learning+the+Unix+command+line%2C+I+entered+the+question%3A+%E2%80%9CHow+to+create+a+soft+link+from+linkname+to+filename%3F%E2%80%9D+The+answer+was%3A+%E2%80%9Cln+-s+filename+linkname%E2%80%9D.+Unfortunately%2C+I+routinely+got+this+question+wrong.+The+solution+was+to+refactor+the+question+by+breaking+it+into+two+pieces.+One+piece+was%3A+%E2%80%9CWhat%27s+the+basic+command+and+option+to+create+a+Unix+soft+link%3F%E2%80%9D+Answer%3A+%E2%80%9Cln+-s+%E2%80%A6%E2%80%9D.+And+the+second+piece+was%3A+%E2%80%9CWhen+creating+a+Unix+soft+link%2C+in+what+order+do+linkname+and+filename+go%3F%E2%80%9D+Answer%3A+%E2%80%9Cfilename+linkname%E2%80%9D. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:f235d6817810/ 2022-03-25T05:23:22+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Make+most+Anki+questions+and+answers+as+atomic+as+possible kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:35cdb523def5/ 2022-03-25T05:22:42+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Make+most+Anki+questions+and+answers+as+atomic+as+possible%3A+That kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:72bc7cb671d3/ 2022-03-25T05:21:47+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##More+patterns+of+Anki+use kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:89c8ab29844a/ 2022-03-25T05:16:29+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Over+time%2C+this+is+a+form+of+what+Mortimer+Adler+and+Charles+van+Doren+dubbed+syntopic+reading%2A%2A+In+their+marvelous+%E2%80%9CHow+to+Read+a+Book%E2%80%9D%3A+Mortimer+J.+Adler+and+Charles+van+Doren%2C+%E2%80%9CHow+to+Read+a+Book%3A+The+Classic+Guide+to+Intelligent+Reading%E2%80%9D+%281972%29.+I+build+up+an+understanding+of+an+entire+literature%3A+what%27s+been+done%2C+what%27s+not+yet+been+done.+Of+course%2C+it%27s+not+literally+reading+an+entire+literature.+But+functionally+it%27s+close.+I+start+to+identify+open+problems%2C+questions+that+I%27d+personally+like+answered%2C+but+which+don%27t+yet+seem+to+have+been+answered.+I+identify+tricks%2C+observations+that+seem+pregnant+with+possibility%2C+but+whose+import+I+don%27t+yet+know.+And%2C+sometimes%2C+I+identify+what+seem+to+me+to+be+field-wide+blind+spots.+I+add+questions+about+all+these+to+Anki+as+well.+In+this+way%2C+Anki+is+a+medium+supporting+my+creative+research.+It+has+some+shortcomings+as+such+a+medium%2C+since+it%27s+not+designed+with+supporting+creative+work+in+mind+%E2%80%93+it%27s+not%2C+for+instance%2C+equipped+for+lengthy%2C+free-form+exploration+inside+a+scratch+space.+But+even+without+being+designed+in+such+a+way%2C+it%27s+helpful+as+a+creative+support. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:420aaacbe863/ 2022-03-25T05:16:11+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##You+may+wonder+why+I+don%27t+just+focus+on+only+the+most+important+papers.+Part+of+the+reason+is+mundane%3A+it+can+be+hard+to+tell+what+the+most+important+papers+are.+Shallow+reads+of+many+papers+can+help+you+figure+out+what+the+key+papers+are%2C+without+spending+too+much+time+doing+deeper+reads+of+papers+that+turn+out+not+to+be+so+important.+But+there%27s+also+a+culture+that+one+imbibes+reading+the+bread-and-butter+papers+of+a+field%3A+a+sense+for+what+routine+progress+looks+like%2C+for+the+praxis+of+the+field.+That%27s+valuable+too%2C+especially+for+building+up+an+overall+picture+of+where+the+field+is+at%2C+and+to+stimulate+questions+on+my+own+part.+Indeed%2C+while+I+don%27t+recommend+spending+a+large+fraction+of+your+time+reading+bad+papers%2C+it%27s+certainly+possible+to+have+a+good+conversation+with+a+bad+paper.+Stimulus+is+found+in+unexpected+places. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:a053af25ff67/ 2022-03-25T05:14:49+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##get+a+picture+of+an+entire+field%2C+I+usually+begin+with+a+truly+important+paper%2C+ideally+a+paper+establishing+a+result+that+got+me+interested+in+the+field+in+the+first+place.+I+do+a+thorough+read+of+that+paper%2C+along+the+lines+of+what+I+described+for+AlphaGo.+Later%2C+I+do+thorough+reads+of+other+key+papers+in+the+field+%E2%80%93+ideally%2C+I+read+the+best+5-10+papers+in+the+field.+But%2C+interspersed%2C+I+also+do+shallower+reads+of+a+much+larger+number+of+less+important+%28though+still+good%29+papers.+In+my+experimentation+so+far+that+means+tens+of+papers%2C+though+I+expect+in+some+fields+I+will+eventually+read+hundreds+or+even+thousands+of+papers+in+this+way. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:670ba7fc8358/ 2022-03-25T05:08:55+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##I%27ve+talked+about+how+to+use+Anki+to+do+shallow+reads+of+papers%2C+and+rather+deeper+reads+of+papers.+There%27s+also+a+sense+in+which+it%27s+possible+to+use+Anki+not+just+to+read+papers%2C+but+to+%E2%80%9Cread%E2%80%9D+the+entire+research+literature+of+some+field+or+subfield kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:ca93ef3c9bcf/ 2022-03-25T05:07:12+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Syntopic+reading+using+Anki kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:626fb1c31890/ 2022-03-25T05:01:06+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##I+have+an+Anki+question+which+simply+says%3A+%E2%80%9CVisualize+the+graph+Jones+2011+made+of+the+probability+curves+for+physicists+making+their+prizewinning+discoveries+by+age+30+and+40%E2%80%9D.+The+answer+is+the+image+shown+above%2C+and+I+count+myself+as+successful+if+my+mental+image+is+roughly+along+those+lines.+I+could+deepen+my+engagement+with+the+graph+by+adding+questions+such+as%3A+%E2%80%9CIn+Jones+2011%27s+graph+of+physics+prizewinning+discoveries%2C+what+is+the+peak+probability+of+great+achievement+by+age+40+%5Bi.e.%2C+the+highest+point+in+the+blue+line+in+the+graph+above%5D%3F%E2%80%9D+%28Answer%3A+about+0.8.%29+Indeed%2C+one+could+easily+add+dozens+of+interesting+questions+about+this+graph.+I+haven%27t+done+that%2C+because+of+the+time+commitment+associated+to+such+questions.+But+I+do+find+the+broad+shape+of+the+graph+fascinating%2C+and+it%27s+also+useful+to+know+the+graph+exists%2C+and+where+to+consult+it+if+I+want+more+details. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:17ad521426a6/ 2022-03-25T05:00:44+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Another+useful+pattern+while+reading+papers+is+Ankifying+figures.+For+instance%2C+here%27s+a+graph+from+Jones+2011+showing+the+probability+a+physicist+made+their+prizewinning+discovery+by+age+40+%28blue+line%29+and+by+age+30+%28black+line%29%3A kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:f088109360ac/ 2022-03-25T04:53:30+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##I%27ll+add+to+Anki+questions+about+the+core+claims%2C+core+questions%2C+and+core+ideas+of+the+paper.+It%27s+particularly+helpful+to+extract+Anki+questions+from+the+abstract%2C+introduction%2C+conclusion%2C+figures%2C+and+figure+captions.+Typically+I+will+extract+anywhere+from+5+to+20+Anki+questions+from+the+paper.+It%27s+usually+a+bad+idea+to+extract+fewer+than+5+questions+%E2%80%93+doing+so+tends+to+leave+the+paper+as+a+kind+of+isolated+orphan+in+my+memory.+Later+I+find+it+difficult+to+feel+much+connection+to+those+questions.+Put+another+way%3A+if+a+paper+is+so+uninteresting+that+it%27s+not+possible+to+add+5+good+questions+about+it%2C+it%27s+usually+better+to+add+no+questions+at+all kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:da4e01fdd908/ 2022-03-25T04:52:39+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##As+mentioned+above%2C+I%27m+usually+doing+such+reading+as+part+of+the+background+research+for+some+project.+I+will+find+a+new+article+%28or+set+of+articles%29%2C+and+typically+spend+a+few+minutes+assessing+it.+Does+the+article+seem+likely+to+contain+substantial+insight+or+provocation+relevant+to+my+project+%E2%80%93+new+questions%2C+new+ideas%2C+new+methods%2C+new+results%3F+If+so%2C+I%27ll+have+a+read. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:5aafd77c962a/ 2022-03-25T04:48:16+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Using+Anki+to+thoroughly+read+a+research+paper+in+an+unfamiliar+field kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:837c5311aaeb/ 2022-03-25T04:47:55+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Using+Anki+to+do+shallow+reads+of+papers kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:4e030be01ae3/ 2022-03-25T04:45:01+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##made+several+rapid+passes+over+the+paper+in+this+way%2C+each+time+getting+deeper+and+deeper.+At+this+stage+I+wasn%27t+trying+to+obtain+anything+like+a+complete+understanding+of+AlphaGo.+Rather%2C+I+was+trying+to+build+up+my+background+understanding.+At+all+times%2C+if+something+wasn%27t+easy+to+understand%2C+I+didn%27t+worry+about+it%2C+I+just+keep+going.+But+as+I+made+repeat+passes%2C+the+range+of+things+that+were+easy+to+understand kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:76ea8e67a9c2/ 2022-03-25T04:43:30+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##I+made+several+rapid+passes+over+the+paper+in+this+way%2C+each+time+getting+deeper+and+deeper.+At+this+stage+I+wasn%27t+trying+to+obtain+anything+like+a+complete+understanding+of+AlphaGo.+Rather%2C+I+was+trying+to+build+up+my+background+understanding.+At+all+times%2C+if+something+wasn%27t+easy+to+understand%2C+I+didn%27t+worry+about+it%2C+I+just+keep+going.+But+as+I+made+repeat+passes%2C+the+range+of+things+that+were+easy+to+understand+grew+and+grew.+I+found+myself+adding+questions+about+the+types+of+features+used+as+inputs+to+AlphaGo%27s+neural+networks%2C+basic+facts+about+the+structure+of+the+networks%2C+and+so+on. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:2e71b1ceed63/ 2022-03-25T04:42:21+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##Here%27s+a+few+examples+of+the+kind+of+question+I+entered+into+Anki+at+this+stage%3A+%E2%80%9CWhat%27s+the+size+of+a+Go+board%3F%E2%80%9D%3B+%E2%80%9CWho+plays+first+in+Go%3F%E2%80%9D%3B+%E2%80%9CHow+many+human+game+positions+did+AlphaGo+learn+from%3F%E2%80%9D%3B+%E2%80%9CWhere+did+AlphaGo+get+its+training+data%3F%E2%80%9D%3B+%E2%80%9CWhat+were+the+names+of+the+two+main+types+of+neural+network+AlphaGo+used%3F%E2%80%9D+As+you+can+see%2C+these+are+all+elementary+questions.+They%27re+the+kind+of+thing+that+are+very+easily+picked+up+during+an+initial+pass+over+the+paper%2C+with+occasional+digressions+to+search+Google+and+Wikipedia%2C+and+so+on.+Furthermore%2C+while+these+facts+were+easy+to+pick+up+in+isolation%2C+they+also+seemed+likely+to+be+useful+in+building+a+deeper+understanding+of+other+material+in+the+paper. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:7ce6d6213a53/ 2022-03-25T04:40:49+00:00 http://augmentingcognition.com/ltm.html##I+began+with+the+AlphaGo+paper+itself.+I+began+reading+it+quickly%2C+almost+skimming.+I+wasn%27t+looking+for+a+comprehensive+understanding.+Rather%2C+I+was+doing+two+things.+One%2C+I+was+trying+to+simply+identify+the+most+important+ideas+in+the+paper.+What+were+the+names+of+the+key+techniques+I%27d+need+to+learn+about%3F+Second%2C+there+was+a+kind+of+hoovering+process%2C+looking+for+basic+facts+that+I+could+understand+easily%2C+and+that+would+obviously+benefit+me.+Things+like+basic+terminology%2C+the+rules+of+Go%2C+and+so+on. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:6da10c5d3aea/ 2022-03-19T00:23:43+00:00 https://johnathanbi.com/book-notes-summaries/the-denial-of-death kcwidjajahttps://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:0311730b26dc/ 2022-03-17T22:32:56+00:00 https://dwarkeshpatel.com/great-founder-theory/##The+natural+state+of+civilization+is+decline.+Knowledge+-+both+explicit+and+tacit+-+slowly+evaporates%2C+rival+factions+wage+wars+of+attrition+by+eroding+the+resources+of+their+institutions%2C+and+elites+counter+the+gains+of+growth+by+increased+rent+seeking kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:24a045a9e32e/ 2022-03-17T05:16:54+00:00 https://dwarkeshpatel.com/barbell-strategies/##You+could+read+a+book+a+week%2C+but+you%E2%80%99ll+inevitably+end+up+forgetting+even+the+main+thesis+of+most+of+the+titles+you+pick+up+%28the+auxiliary+ideas+and+information+will+be+gone+even+faster%29.+Here%E2%80%99s+another+idea.+Don%E2%80%99t+read+a+book+the+following+week+but+instead+spend+your+allotted+reading+time+writing+a+Scott+Alexander+type+book+review%2C+where+you+explain+the+book%E2%80%99s+main+points+and+think+carefully+about+its+weaknesses%2C+implications%2C+and+lessons.+Go+on+Wikipedia+and+Google+Scholar+goose+chases+for+all+the+interesting+topics+which+the+author+didn%E2%80%99t+go+into+enough+detail+on.+For+extra+brownie+points%2C+start+a+podcast+and+invite+the+author+on+for+an+interview.+It+was+only+after+I+started+my+podcast+that+I+learned+to+read+with+judicious+skepticism+of+the+author%E2%80%99s+claims+and+deductions%2C+sensitivity+to+his+message+and+intent%2C+and+genuine+openness+to+his+explanatory+models+and+challenging+conclusions. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:2b6145bbe1d0/ 2022-03-17T05:16:41+00:00 https://dwarkeshpatel.com/barbell-strategies/##You+could+build+a+lazy+profile+on+OkCupid+and+occasionally+swipe+when+you%E2%80%99re+taking+a+dump%2C+but+you%E2%80%99ll+end+up+with+a+date+every+few+weeks+if+you%E2%80%99re+lucky%2C+and+most+of+the+time%2C+you+won%E2%80%99t+be+compatible+anyways.+Instead%2C+spend+a+weekend+optimizing+your+dating+profile+and+swipe+until+your+fingers+ache+%28physical+training+necessary+to+prepare+you+for+future+success%29.+Don%E2%80%99t+stop+until+you%E2%80%99ve+organized+seven+or+more+dates+for+the+coming+week.+Even+if+you%E2%80%99re+only+compatible+with+half+of+them%2C+you%E2%80%99ll+have+a+lot+of+fun+and+have+three+potential+leads+to+pursue.+Spend+the+next+three+weeks+exploring+these+infant+relationships.+If+nothing+comes+of+any+of+them%2C+rinse+and+repeat. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:6fb40bc52964/ 2022-03-17T05:16:31+00:00 https://dwarkeshpatel.com/barbell-strategies/##Similarly%2C+instead+of+reading+a+chapter+a+day%2C+where+you+can%E2%80%99t+consolidate+the+points+made+in+the+book+due+to+the+distractions+of+everyday+life+and+the+drawn+out+period+of+absorption%2C+spend+two+weeks+every+few+months+on+a+reading+retreat.+You%E2%80%99ll+go+through+a+book+a+day%2C+and+you%E2%80%99ll+spend+your+free+time+thinking+about+what+you+read%2C+allowing+you+connect+all+the+ideas+in+the+books+you%E2%80%99re+reading kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:9d07a3ab35a9/ 2022-03-17T05:16:27+00:00 https://dwarkeshpatel.com/barbell-strategies/##stead+of+meditating+twenty+minutes+every+day+and+getting+marginally+better+over+time%2C+spend+10+days+every+year+at+a+meditation+retreat+making+giant+leaps+towards+enlightenment%2C+and+just+live+your+life+for+the+other+355. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:8022770a28f2/ 2022-03-17T05:16:19+00:00 https://dwarkeshpatel.com/barbell-strategies/##Don%E2%80%99t+be+a+tech+worker+who+does+pathetic+side+projects+in+his+free+time+%28an+infrequently+updated+blog%2C+a+useless+webapp%2C+half-hearted+attempts+to+learn+more+about+math+or+ML%29.+Instead%2C+work+multiple+jobs+at+the+same+time+for+half+a+year%2C+and+use+the+earnings+to+spend+the+next+few+years+fully+engaged+in+hare-brained+schemes+%28working+full+time+on+your+startup%2C+becoming+a+Gwern+style+independent+researcher%2C+etc%29. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:89bbbd24e079/ 2022-03-17T05:16:14+00:00 https://dwarkeshpatel.com/barbell-strategies/##Avoid+editing+and+writing+a+blog+post+at+the+same+time%2C+where+you+erase+two+words+for+every+three+you+scrawl.+Instead%2C+write+five+streams-of-consciousness+in+one+day+and+edit+them+into+coherent+essays+throughout+the+week.+That+way%2C+the+artist+inside+you+isn%E2%80%99t+immediately+neutered+by+the+critic+and+actually+has+the+opportunity+to+create.+At+the+same+time%2C+the+critic+will+get+a+chance+to+make+sure+that+the+artist+doesn%E2%80%99t+just+take+a+big+shit+on+your+blog. kcwidjaja https://instapaper.com/ https://pinboard.in/u:kcwidjaja/b:b6e13c1f63db/