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    <description>recent bookmarks from jtyost2</description>
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  </channel><item rdf:about="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47875466">
    <title>Last of WW2 'Doolittle Raiders' Dick Cole dies aged 103 - BBC News</title>
    <dc:date>2019-04-10T03:54:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47875466</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Dick Cole, the last veteran of a World War Two bombing raid on Japan in retaliation for the attack on Pearl Harbor, has died. He was 103 years old.

The famed Doolittle raid was named for then Lt Col Jimmy Doolittle, who led the first US strikes against Japan during the war in 1942.

Retired Lt Cole was Lt Col Doolittle's co-pilot in the lead plane.

The raid, which included 16 B-25 bombers and 80 crew members, helped boost morale after Pearl Harbor.

"There's another hole in our formation", Air Force chief of staff General David L Goldfein said in a statement on Tuesday.

"The Legacy of the Doolittle Raiders - his legacy - will live forever in the hearts and minds of Airmen," he continued. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>history military worldwarII</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:f472aff26d63/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.brothers-brick.com/2019/04/04/visit-rome-where-ghosts-of-gladiators-roam/">
    <title>Visit Rome, where ghosts of gladiators roam | The Brothers Brick</title>
    <dc:date>2019-04-05T01:53:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.brothers-brick.com/2019/04/04/visit-rome-where-ghosts-of-gladiators-roam/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The most parts-efficient way to build a unique creation with LEGO is to first work on it digitally, and then bring it to life with the exact parts needed and make the modifications as needed along the way. That’s exactly what builder Kevin J. Walter did for his build of the Colosseum, made in the style and charm of the LEGO Architecture series. What made particular design possible is the new Arch 1 x 2 Jumper element to construct the arched columns in an accurate manner at this scale.]]></description>
<dc:subject>Lego photography design Rome history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://instapaper.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:79f524899994/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47767421">
    <title>New Orleans mayor to apologise for 1891 lynching of Italian-Americans - BBC News</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-31T22:31:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47767421</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The city of New Orleans has announced it will apologise for the lynching of 11 Italian-Americans in 1891.

Some of the victims had been accused of murdering a police chief, but were acquitted after a trial.

Angry about the verdict, a mob of racist vigilantes in the city attacked and publicly hanged them.

Mayor LaToya Cantrell is due to apologise for the killing - believed to be the largest recorded lynching in US history - on 12 April.]]></description>
<dc:subject>racism history NewOrleans italy usa</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/if-space-is-the-future-that-future-needs-to-include-everyone/2019/03/28/616b43e6-5177-11e9-8d28-f5149e5a2fda_story.html">
    <title>Opinion | If space is the future, that future needs to include everyone</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-31T01:49:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/if-space-is-the-future-that-future-needs-to-include-everyone/2019/03/28/616b43e6-5177-11e9-8d28-f5149e5a2fda_story.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The first American woman in space, Sally Ride, had to explain that women didn’t need 100 tampons for a one-week mission. The agency also designed a makeup kit for the female astronauts, which Ride laughed at. But her colleague, Rhea Seddon, requested it because she knew how the media represented women who appeared without makeup.

NASA has been aware of the problem with the EMUs for decades but lacks the funding to create new ones. All they can do is try to keep 40-year-old suits going, carrying a decades-long imprint of sexism into the present. Why are we asked to adapt our own spacesuits just to participate in space exploration? What kind of expectations are we carrying into the future when we have to figure out how to conform to decidedly earthbound expectations of beauty?

I was talking to my friend Kari Love, a retired spacesuit designer, who said that “while we can look back and understand why women were an afterthought in aerospace to this point, we are at serious risk for that to be reproduced as we move into the commercial spaceflight era.”

The decision to restaff the spacewalk by having astronaut Nick Hague join Koch was absolutely correct. The astronauts need to be safe. Having an all-female spacewalk was an accident. It wasn’t a priority. We have never been the priority. In the future of NASA and commercial spaceflight, it’s time to shift our priorities to include everyone.]]></description>
<dc:subject>space history feminism gender discrimination sexism nasa</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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    <title>Italy to return hundreds of cultural relics back to China</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-28T02:50:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.cnn.com/style/article/italy-china-cultural-relics-intl/index.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Almost 800 ancient pots and sculptures are heading home to China, after Italy announced it would return the illicitly traded artifacts.
The items have been found to resemble those uncovered during archaeological excavations in provinces around China, including Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Some date back as far as the Neolithic period, with more recent items hailing from the Ming Dynasty (907 to 1664), according to a statement released Friday by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities.]]></description>
<dc:subject>italy china diplomacy government archaeology history culture</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://themuse.jezebel.com/jagged-little-pill-is-actually-very-bad-1833542975">
    <title>Jagged Little Pill Is Actually Very Bad???</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-26T21:38:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://themuse.jezebel.com/jagged-little-pill-is-actually-very-bad-1833542975</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The other day, my husband said to me, “I decided not to try to reason with you about buying Jagged Little Pill on vinyl and bought what was in our Amazon cart.” I gave him a pitying look and said, “It is an amazing album. You’ll see. You’ll see.”

My husband is the reason we have a record player in the first place, and the only reason we have albums by the likes of Fleetwood Mac, Miles Davis, and the Beach Boys. At this point, my contributions to our vinyl collection had been 2Pac’s All Eyes on Me and Rihanna’s Anti. My taste in music is pretty much either: What the cool kids were listening to back in middle school, or contemporary Top 40.

You see, I am exactly the kind of person who buys Jagged Little Pill on vinyl, and I am exactly the kind of person who buys records via Amazon Prime. (This Venn diagram overlaps completely.)]]></description>
<dc:subject>stupid culture music history youth</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:992eb27f6b98/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-03-06/higher-taxes-will-doom-the-stock-market-jswqiqju">
    <title>Let Me Tell You How It Will Be ’Cause I’m the Taxman</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-24T20:06:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-03-06/higher-taxes-will-doom-the-stock-market-jswqiqju</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This extraordinary chart from Saravelos could perhaps be of use to progressive Democrats. In terms of post-tax income, the 34 years to 1980 (when Ronald Reagan and the low-tax agenda arrived) saw virtually everybody in the U.S. double their income, apart from the very wealthy. The years since have seen almost half the population fail to register any growth in their income at all, while the very wealthiest have enjoyed extraordinary growth. 

This generosity to the rich has, obviously, not helped those who are poorer very much. And it is hard to claim that it has aided economic growth. Most intriguingly, the Saravelos report shows that huge variations in top marginal rates have had a minimal impact on the actual burden of taxation as a whole. Tax as a proportion of gross domestic product was broadly unchanged before and after Reagan and (at a considerably higher level) in the U.K. before and after Margaret Thatcher:]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics taxes statistics research income economy usa history inequality</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://instapaper.com/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/world/middleeast/golan-heights-israel.html">
    <title>A Brief History of the Golan Heights, Claimed by Israel and Syria</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-22T17:43:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/world/middleeast/golan-heights-israel.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[With a midday tweet on Thursday, President Trump voiced his support of Israeli control over the Golan Heights, reversing decades of American policy.

The move thrust the Golan Heights — a fertile plateau beside the Sea of Galilee that has been one of Israel’s quieter frontiers for a half-century — back into international headlines.

The area covers under 500 square miles and offers expansive views over Syria and Israel, giving it strategic military importance. It was seized by Israel from Syria during the Six-Day War of 1967, and since then, it has been claimed by both countries.]]></description>
<dc:subject>usa military diplomacy israel syria history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:5d028fcfe2a8/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:diplomacy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:israel"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:syria"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:history"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/20/us/slave-photographs-harvard.html">
    <title>Who Should Own Photos of Slaves? The Descendants, not Harvard, a Lawsuit Says</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-21T02:31:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/20/us/slave-photographs-harvard.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The two slaves, a father and daughter, were stripped to the waist and positioned for frontal and side views. Then, like subjects in contemporary mug shots, their pictures were taken, as part of a racist study arguing that black people were an inferior race.

Little did they know that 169 years later, they would be at the center of a dispute over who should own the fruits of American slavery.

On Wednesday, Tamara Lanier, 54, filed a lawsuit in Massachusetts saying that she is a direct descendant of the pair, who were identified by their first names, Renty and Delia, and that the valuable photographs — commissioned by a professor at Harvard and now stored in a museum on campus — are hers.

The images, Ms. Lanier said, are records of her personal family history, not cultural artifacts to be kept by an institution.

“These were our bedtime stories,” Ms. Lanier’s older daughter, Shonrael, said.

The case renews focus on the role that the country’s oldest universities played in slavery, and also comes amid a growing debate over whether the descendants of the enslaved are entitled to reparations — and what those reparations might look like.

“It is unprecedented in terms of legal theory and reclaiming property that was wrongfully taken,” Benjamin Crump, one of Ms. Lanier’s lawyers, said. “Renty’s descendants may be the first descendants of slave ancestors to be able to get their property rights.”

Jonathan Swain, a spokesman for Harvard, did not immediately respond to a request to comment on the lawsuit.]]></description>
<dc:subject>legal history slavery humanrights civilrights culture lawsuit copyright</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:e30c725011b8/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:lawsuit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:copyright"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/3/18/18271088/myspace-music-deleted-internet-archive-flickr-tumblr">
    <title>Myspace, which still exists, accidentally deleted 12 years’ worth of music</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-19T00:11:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/3/18/18271088/myspace-music-deleted-internet-archive-flickr-tumblr</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[It took a while for people to even notice that all this music was gone, and it doesn’t seem as though Myspace is particularly contrite about it. A different Reddit user posted in a tech support subreddit a year ago, sharing a screenshot of a terse email exchange with Myspace. This user had asked why the Myspace media player wasn’t able to play music from 2007 to 2011, suggesting that the files were missing. Initially, the company wrote that it was a known issue with no specific date for resolution; then the spokesperson pivoted and responded, “Due to a server migration files were corrupted and unable to be transferred over to our updated site. There is no way to recover the lost data. Thanks, Myspace.”

“After years of relaunches, redesigns, data breaches and general neglect,” Herrman wrote months ago, “many Myspace users have lost the ability to contact their former selves.” You could argue that a hemorrhaging of old files shouldn’t surprise or upset these users too much at this point, and that looking at the dusty, jumbled mess the platform had turned into should have been more than enough of a suggestion to go ahead and back up whatever files they didn’t want to lose.

But that’s clearest only now — at the moment when all these tech companies that had implicitly promised to provide a platform for creative works forever started taking things back.]]></description>
<dc:subject>Myspace business technology information music culture history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://instapaper.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:196cb4eaa533/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:technology"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.brothers-brick.com/2019/03/16/to-carthage-and-beyond/">
    <title>To Carthage, and beyond... | The Brothers Brick | The Brothers Brick</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-16T18:15:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.brothers-brick.com/2019/03/16/to-carthage-and-beyond/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[While Greek galleys have been an occasional subject for LEGO builders, it’s not often we feature the Roman navy, despite its historical importance in carrying the Roman army to victory across the Mediterranean in places like Carthage, as well as to Britain from Gaul. Iyan Ha has corrected this oversight with his wonderful little Roman warship, with full rigging and even pavilions on the deck for the elite passengers. As wonderful as the ship is, don’t miss the filigreed stand, complete with a custom plaque and a pair of tigers.]]></description>
<dc:subject>lego rome history photography</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:39edad5b96f1/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47544387">
    <title>What was the world wide web like 30 years ago?</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-12T22:31:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47544387</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Dial-up tone, clunky websites and AOL free trial CDs - it's clear that the earliest versions of the world wide web came with quirks and frustrations. Thirty…]]></description>
<dc:subject>technology history worldwideweb software</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://instapaper.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:97968ececdd6/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-the-far-right-perverts-ancient-historyand-why-it-matters">
    <title>How the Far Right Perverts Ancient History—And Why It Matters</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-11T17:27:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-the-far-right-perverts-ancient-historyand-why-it-matters</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[It may seem silly to argue about the interpretation of events that unfolded thousands of years ago, to fret and hand-wring over people millennia in their graves. Some may argue it is harmless for the likes of Hanson to strut his toxic revision of ancient history across the stage. Just another blowhard shouting at the ocean, after all.

But this notion is having life-and-death consequences in America today. I worked at the NYPD during and following the white supremacist “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville, VA where Heather Heyer was killed and more than two dozen other people were injured. In August 2017, the Southern Poverty Law Center sent us its report on the flags and symbols used during the rally, including the vexillum of the Roman Republic (SPQR for “Senātus Populusque Rōmānus,” “The Senate and the People of Rome”), the ancient sun wheels of Germanic tribes, the Greek lambda (“Λ” or “L” for “Lakedaimon,” the Spartans called themselves “Lakedaimonians”) falsely believed to have been painted on ancient Spartan shields, and now used by the far-right Identitarian movement.

Last of all was the flag of the American Guard, violent hardcore nationalists who sport crossed meat-cleavers as a rallying symbol. Above them stretched a black cannon blazoned with the clarion call of pro-gun advocates from the NRA to militia groups across the country—“Come and take it.” The phrase is from the Greek “molon labe,” (μολὼν λαβέ), Plutarch’s words put in the mouth of the Spartan king Leonidas in 480 BC, when he defied the Persian king Xerxes’ demand that he lay down his arms. Senator Ted Cruz has repeatedly invoked the same phrase.

It is heart-wrenching to see the symbols of the ancient world placed in the service of these noxious organizations.

I recall the 2017 incident where a U.S. Marine sergeant and staff sergeant were arrested for trespassing after they rolled out a banner from the roof of a building in Graham, North Carolina, during a Confederate Memorial Day event there. Beneath the Spartan lambda was scrawled a phrase from Orwell’s 1984, "He who controls the past controls the future," along with the identitarian acronym YWNRU: “You will not replace us.”

Now, more than ever, it is critical to consider who controls conversations about history, and who receives the limited access to the megaphone to disseminate that message. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>history culture military immigration politics DonaldTrump conservatives</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://instapaper.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:659bfab3ae58/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/03/08/why-this-descendant-black-american-slave-is-being-deported/">
    <title>Her ancestors were enslaved in the U.S. Now a Trump decision could lead to her deportation to Africa.</title>
    <dc:date>2019-03-11T01:09:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/03/08/why-this-descendant-black-american-slave-is-being-deported/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Afomu Kelley was just 11 years old when she left Liberia with her mother in the early days of a civil war in 1990. She remembers standing in a crowd jostling to board an airplane to the United States for what she thought would be a six-week vacation.

Instead, the war in Liberia escalated and Kelley, now 40, never returned to the West African country. She grew up in Northern Virginia, where she finished high school early, and attended the University of Maryland. She has an American accent. Sometimes she doesn’t feel like an immigrant.

But at the end of this month, she may be forced to return to a homeland she barely remembers.

On March 31, the program that has allowed Kelley and more than 800 other Liberian immigrants to live legally in the United States for decades will end, the result of President Trump’s decision to terminate a protection against deportation that has been in place for nearly 28 years.

“It is cruel to tell me that I have to go back to a place that I don’t know,” said Kelley, who lives in Greenbelt, Md., with her daughters, ages 9 and 11. “I don’t even know the street I lived on. But I can tell you every diner between here and New Hampshire.”

For some, Trump’s move to end immigration protection for Liberians echoes a troubling moment in U.S. history, when the land that would become Liberia was colonized by Americans to relocate former slaves and their descendants.

“You’d have to be pretty historically illiterate not to recognize a special relationship between the U.S. and Liberia,” said historian Nicholas Guyatt of the University of Cambridge in England.

The American Colonization Society was founded in 1816 with the goal of voluntarily settling black Americans in West Africa, a plan supported both by some abolitionists and by slaveholders who feared revolts led by free blacks.]]></description>
<dc:subject>usa legal history immigration racism race Liberia DonaldTrump</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:2b9863c099c3/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-47329122">
    <title>The origin of the 'distracted boyfriend' meme?</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-24T01:57:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-47329122</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Before ‘distracted boyfriend’, was there ‘distracted girlfriend’? You're not alone if this image looks familiar to you. Though you've probably never seen a…]]></description>
<dc:subject>meme history photography</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://instapaper.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:ecaa08b401e4/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:photography"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/20/arts/obama-presidential-center-library-national-archives-and-records-administration.html">
    <title>The Obama Presidential Library That Isn’t</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-22T04:26:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/20/arts/obama-presidential-center-library-national-archives-and-records-administration.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><dc:subject>usa history education research barackobama</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:6449ecd0f364/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:barackobama"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2019/02/20/scientists-discover-origin-stonehenge-stones-quarries-miles-away/">
    <title>Scientists discover the origin of Stonehenge stones – quarries 180 miles away</title>
    <dc:date>2019-02-21T01:49:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2019/02/20/scientists-discover-origin-stonehenge-stones-quarries-miles-away/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The Stonehenge quarry, Carn Goedog. (University College London) A team of archaeologists in the United Kingdom says it has traced dozens of Stonehenge’s massive…]]></description>
<dc:subject>Stonehenge archaeology science research history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://instapaper.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:ed3304ee8a66/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:Stonehenge"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:archaeology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:science"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:history"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/trade-and-the-decline-of-us-manufacturing-employment/">
    <title>Trade and the Decline of US Manufacturing Employment</title>
    <dc:date>2015-12-20T22:21:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/19/trade-and-the-decline-of-us-manufacturing-employment/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[For the most part, in other words, declining manufacturing employment isn’t due to trade. Again, that doesn’t mean that trade deficits are OK, or that trade hasn’t had other effects. But even if we’d had a highly protectionist world or in some other way had blocked the move into trade deficit, we’d still have seen most of the great decline in industrial jobs.]]></description>
<dc:subject>manufacturing employment economics statistics research history trade</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:2c8c4351509a/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:employment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:statistics"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:trade"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/opinion/what-woodrow-wilson-cost-my-grandfather.html">
    <title>What Woodrow Wilson Cost My Grandfather</title>
    <dc:date>2015-11-26T06:17:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/opinion/what-woodrow-wilson-cost-my-grandfather.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[My grandfather died before I was born, but I have learned much about his struggle — and that of other black civil servants in the federal government — from his personnel file. What is most striking is his sense of humiliation; after all, he had spent his career in a time and place where, whatever was happening in the South, African-Americans were able to get ahead. And then, suddenly, with Wilson’s election, that all changed.

Consider a letter he wrote on May 16, 1913, barely a month after his demotion. “The reputation which I have been able to acquire and maintain at considerable sacrifice,” he wrote, “is to me (foolish as it may appear to those in higher stations of life) a source of personal pride, a possession of which I am very jealous and which is possessed at a value in my estimation ranking above the loss of salary — though the last, to a man having a family of small children to rear, is serious enough.”

And the reply he received? His supervisor said, simply, that my grandfather was unable to “properly perform the duties required (he is too slow).” Yet there had never been any indication of this in his personnel file.

Wilson was not just a racist. He believed in white supremacy as government policy, so much so that he reversed decades of racial progress. But we would be wrong to see this as a mere policy change; in doing so, he ruined the lives of countless talented African-Americans and their families.

It is this legacy of humiliation that the Princeton students demand the university, and the country, confront.]]></description>
<dc:subject>WoodrowWilson legal history race racism usa government politics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:6a6c0d22bb36/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2015/11/20/9766896/woodrow-wilson-racist">
    <title>Woodrow Wilson was extremely racist — even by the standards of his time</title>
    <dc:date>2015-11-22T00:35:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2015/11/20/9766896/woodrow-wilson-racist</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This Wednesday, a group of Princeton students stormed the offices of president Christopher Eisgruber to demand that Woodrow Wilson’s name be removed from all programs and buildings at the university. That’s a big ask. Princeton has an entire school — the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs — named after Wilson, who served as university president from 1902 to 1910, before his time in the White House. It also has Wilson College, a residential college for undergrads.

So far, the university is standing firm, insisting that, in the Associated Press’s words, “it is important to weigh Wilson’s racism, and how bad it was, with the contributions he made to the nation.” And outside of Princeton, the incident is being seized upon as yet another example of campus PC run amok:

Leaving aside the broader question of whether Wilson’s name should be removed, let’s be clear on one thing: Woodrow Wilson was, in fact, a racist pig. He was a racist by current standards, and he was a racist by the standards of the 1910s, a period widely acknowledged by historians as the “nadir” of post–Civil War race relations in the United States.]]></description>
<dc:subject>WoodrowWilson history politics race racism usa culture</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:5d070ef9f3c7/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/donald-trump-just-endorsed-operation-wetback-at-the-gop-debate-20151110#ixzz3r9eWYfAk">
    <title>Donald Trump Just Endorsed 'Operation Wetback' at the GOP Debate | Rolling Stone</title>
    <dc:date>2015-11-11T04:57:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/donald-trump-just-endorsed-operation-wetback-at-the-gop-debate-20151110#ixzz3r9eWYfAk</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[So there you have it: Donald Trump's model for deporting undocumented immigrants "warmly and humanely" is an unabashedly racist program in which nearly a million human beings were terrorized by our government and treated with less dignity than farm animals.

This isn't funny. It's verging on fascist. Get woke, America: Donald Trump is dangerous.]]></description>
<dc:subject>DonaldTrump politics government immigration legal history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:888ac1693f31/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-10-30/friday-food-post-the-economics-behind-grandma-s-tuna-casseroles">
    <title>Friday Food Post: The Economics Behind Grandma's Tuna Casseroles</title>
    <dc:date>2015-11-02T01:33:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-10-30/friday-food-post-the-economics-behind-grandma-s-tuna-casseroles</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Explaining the food of yesteryear doesn’t require exotic theories about culture and politics. It mostly requires understanding the economics of food production and distribution, and the path dependence of culinary choices. The past is indeed another country, and like every country, it had its own cuisine that made the most of local resources.]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics economy culture cooking history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:8e860d25ad58/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:cooking"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/trump-and-obama-a-night-to-remember">
    <title>Trump and Obama: A Night to Remember - The New Yorker</title>
    <dc:date>2015-09-14T05:02:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/trump-and-obama-a-night-to-remember</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Some day someone may well write a kind of micro-history of that night, as historians now are wont to do, as a pivot in American life, both a triumph of Obama’s own particular and enveloping form of cool and as harbinger of—well, of what exactly? A lot depends on what happens next with the Donald and his followers. Certainly, the notion that Trump’s rise, however long it lasts, is a product of a special skill, or circumstance, or a new national “mood,” is absurd. Trumpism is a permanent part of American life—in one form or another, with one voice or another blaring it out. At any moment in our modern history, some form of populist nationalism has always held some significant share—whether five or ten per cent – of the population. Among embittered white men, Trump’s “base,” it has often held a share much larger than that. Trump is not offering anything that was not offered before him, often in identical language and with a similarly incoherent political program, by Pat Buchanan or Ross Perot, by George Wallace or Barry Goldwater, or way back when by Father Coughlin or Huey Long. Populist nationalism is not an eruptive response to a new condition of 2015—it is a perennial ideological position, deeply rooted in the nature of modernity: a social class sees its perceived displacement as the result of a double conspiracy of outsiders and élitists. The outsiders are swamping us, and the insiders are mocking us—this ideology alters its local color as circumstances change, but the essential core is always there. They look down on us and they have no right to look down on us. Indeed, the politics of Trump, far from being in any way new, are exactly the politics of Huck Finn’s drunken father in “Huckleberry Finn”: “Call this a govment! Just look at it and see what it’s like . . . . A man can’t get his rights in a govment like this.” Widespread dissatisfaction with all professional politicians, a certainty of having been “sold out,” a feeling of complete alienation from both political parties—“Not a dime’s worth of difference between them” was George Wallace’s formulation, a half century ago—these are permanent intuitions of the American aggrieved. The feelings may be somewhat aggravated by bad times, or alleviated by good ones, but at the height of the prosperous fifties a significant proportion of Americans were persuaded that the entire government was in the hands of saboteurs and traitors at the pay of a foreign power, while in the still more prosperous nineties a similar faction was persuaded that the liberal President was actually a coke dealer who had murdered a friend.

Nor is it at all surprising to find a billionaire businessman representing this ideology, because it is not really members of the economic élite who are its villains—it is the educated élite, and the uneducated outsiders, who are. It is, on the historical record, much more a response to the ceaseless anxieties of modern life than to any financial angst of the moment. Probably the best student of this modern ideology is the conservative historian John Lukacs, whose 2005 book “Democracy And Populism: Fear and Hatred” makes clear how different the nationalist formula is from patriotism properly so called: it rests not on a sense of pride in place or background but in an intense sense of victimization. The cry of the genuine patriot is, Leave us alone to be the people we have always been. The populist nationalist cries, We have been cheated of our birthright, and the Leader will give it back.

The ideology is always available; it just changes its agents from time to time.

And this is where memories of the President’s performance come into play and take on a potency that one might not have understood at the time. For the politics of populist nationalism are almost entirely the politics of felt humiliation—the politics of shame. And one can’t help but suspect that, on that night, Trump’s own sense of public humiliation became so overwhelming that he decided, perhaps at first unconsciously, that he would, somehow, get his own back—perhaps even pursue the Presidency after all, no matter how nihilistically or absurdly, and redeem himself. Though he gave up the hunt for office in that campaign, it does not seem too far-fetched to imagine that the rage—Lukacs’s fear and hatred—implanted in him that night has fuelled him ever since. It was already easy to sense at the time that something very strange had happened – that the usual American ritual of the “roast” and the roasted had been weirdly and uniquely disrupted. But the consequences were hard to imagine. The micro-history of that night yet to be written might be devoted largely to the double life of Barack Obama as cool comedian and quiet commander—or it might be devoted to the moment when new life was fed into an old ideology, when Trump’s ambitions suddenly turned over to the potent politics of shame and vengeance. His even partial triumph in the primary still seems unlikely—but stranger jokes have been played on American philosophers over the centuries.]]></description>
<dc:subject>politics usa history election DonaldTrump barackobama</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:6461bb01c027/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/09/10/the-bush-tax-cuts-are-back-just-with-more-exclamation-points/">
    <title>The Bush tax cuts are back, just with more exclamation points</title>
    <dc:date>2015-09-10T22:09:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/09/10/the-bush-tax-cuts-are-back-just-with-more-exclamation-points/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[If you liked the Bush tax cuts, good news. They’re back, just with more exclamation points.

That’s what Jeb—or, as his campaign calls him, Jeb!—is running on as the centerpiece of his plan to get the economy growing near the 4 percent pace that it didn’t quite manage during either the Reagan or Clinton booms. To that end, Jeb Bush wants to cut the top individual tax rate from 39.6 to 28 percent, cut the corporate tax rate from 35 to 20 percent, cut the capital gains tax rate from 23.8 to 20 percent, get rid of the estate and alternative minimum taxes, strictly limit deductions other than for charitable giving, allow businesses to immediately expense their capital investments, double the standard deduction and expand the Earned Income Tax Credit. The result would be as much a $3.4 trillion tax cut over 10 years that would sharply lower taxes for people at the top, eliminate taxes for more people at the bottom, and slash taxes for businesses.

That’s a lot of tax-cutting, but there isn’t a lot of reason to think it’d help the economy that much. That’s because, as William Gale of the nonpartisan Tax Policy Center puts it, “major changes in tax policy have had negligible impacts on the economy.” Indeed, the economy took off after Bill Clinton raised taxes in 1993, but didn’t after George W. Bush reduced them in 2001. Now, that’s not to say that tax policy doesn’t matter at the margin—it does—but just that the margin isn’t that big. Even Ronald Reagan’s 1986 tax reform, which sliced the top rate from 50 to 28 percent and axed a whole host of deductions, didn’t, according to to economists Alan Auerbach and Joel Slemrod, do that much for growth.

How could that be? Well, tax cuts have to hit a sweet spot to boost the economy in the long run. The tax cuts have to be paid for, and they have to be paid for with spending cuts. If they aren’t paid for, bigger deficits will suck up the extra savings that would have made the economy more productive. But if they are paid for by closing tax loopholes, as Bush is partially proposing, they won’t change people’s tax incentives enough to change growth. That’s why the Committee on Joint Taxation thinks that Republican Dave Camp’s tax reform plan probably only would have increased growth by 0.01 to 0.06 percentage points a year, with the most ambitious estimates coming in at a still-measly 0.16 percentage points a year.]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics economy taxes politics government JebBush statistics history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:ef59ea7d7417/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/09/dynamic-voodoo/">
    <title>Dynamic Voodoo - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2015-09-10T02:25:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/09/dynamic-voodoo/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[We have a first score on the Jeb! tax plan — in answer to Matt O’Brien, I think we refer to this as the Bush! tax! cuts! It’s $3.4 trillion in lost revenue. But most of this will be made up through higher growth, Bush’s advisers, led by Glenn Hubbard, assure us.

And that’s highly credible, right? After all, Hubbard was a big booster of the Bush (as opposed to Bush!) tax cuts, which he assured everyone would lead to much faster growth and 300,000 jobs a month. He was especially proud of the 2003 tax cut.

And just look at the chart above, which compares private sector job creation after that pro-growth tax cut and after the job-killing 2013 Obama tax hike. As you can see — hmm, that doesn’t seem to go the right way, does it?

It’s almost pathological how Jeb! seems to have learned nothing from what didn’t work under Bro! Why, next thing he’ll be saying that he’s leaning on W’s advice for dealing with the Middle East. Oh, wait.]]></description>
<dc:subject>JebBush politics economics history statistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:aa01c424c1da/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://medium.com/message/why-chess-will-destroy-your-mind-78ad1034521f">
    <title>Why Chess Will Destroy Your Mind — The Message — Medium</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-31T00:52:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://medium.com/message/why-chess-will-destroy-your-mind-78ad1034521f</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[So what’s more interesting here isn’t the critique of chess. It’s the yawning cultural gap between the author and our own age — evinced in the behaviors we applaud and revere. Today, chess is regarded as a deeply virtuous activity, because it supposedly helps develop a Jedi-class control over one’s attention. But laser-like focus wasn’t always regarded as such a terrific thing. As my fellow Message writer Virginia Heffernan wrote a while ago, many people in the 19th century found deep powers of attention and focus kind of creepy and unhealthy. Go too far in that direction and you wind up like Ahab in Moby Dick: Focused, sure, but also a total obsessive. This is precisely the perspective from which this Scientific American author denounces chess. Too much focus, too much devotion and sitting down, can be bad for you. Who’s to say that’s not a healthier balance?]]></description>
<dc:subject>culture games psychology research politics history science chess</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:41c046350067/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jul/17/sami-al-haj-al-jazeera-guantanamo-bay-journalist">
    <title>Sami al-Haj: 'I lived inside Guantánamo as a journalist'</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-30T20:03:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jul/17/sami-al-haj-al-jazeera-guantanamo-bay-journalist</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Al-Haj was flown to Cuba in June 2002. According to Amnesty International, he was repeatedly beaten, subjected to racist abuse and denied medicine, with military dogs used to intimidate him. When he and other detainees began a protest hunger strike in 2003, he was placed in isolation and taken to the harshest camp in Guantánamo.

When al-Haj recalls his time in detention, his speech slows down and his gaze, which had held steady until then, floats in the distance. “The life in Guantánamo… We are feeling like we are not human beings,” he says. “The guards respected the animals more than (they did) us.”

How did he survive his ordeal? “Two things helped me. First my faith. I know that God would not abandon me because He knew I was innocent. Second my profession. I lived inside Guantánamo as a journalist. It was a chance for me to leave among the detainees, see how they dealt with (their situations) and hear their stories.”

What would he tell George Bush if he ever met him? Without hesitation, al-Haj says: “‘Be courageous and say that you made a mistake. I will forgive you.’ If he said: ‘Yes, I made mistake,’ we would leave him alone, we would forgive him.” He pauses, and then adds with a half-smile: “But I doubt he does.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>legal civilrights government GuantanamoBay humanrights torture journalism politics usa history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:551695ac4257/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.vox.com/2015/8/27/9214015/tech-nerds-politics">
    <title>Tech nerds are smart. But they can't seem to get their heads around politics. - Vox</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-28T04:11:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.vox.com/2015/8/27/9214015/tech-nerds-politics</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[There is no subject more ripe for the dissection of an obsessive nerd than American politics. It is ridden with myths and outdated conventional wisdom. And the kind of people who read Wait But Why are among those most in need of tree trunk knowledge of politics.

Nerds want to make the world better, but they cannot do so without allies in the public sector. They should roll up their sleeves, hold their noses, and try to get a better sense of the complicated web of historical, economic, and demographic trends that have shaped American public life. Only when they understand politics, and figure out how to hack it to make it work better, will all their dreams find their way into the real world.]]></description>
<dc:subject>usa government politics history culture economics economy</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:49c90ee9594a/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34036644">
    <title>Palmyra's Baalshamin temple 'blown up by IS' - BBC News</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-24T01:04:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34036644</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Islamic State militants have destroyed Palmyra’s ancient temple of Baalshamin, Syrian officials and activists say.

Syria’s head of antiquities was quoted as saying the temple was blown up on Sunday. The British-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that it happened one month ago.

IS took control of Palmyra in May, sparking fears the group might demolish the Unesco World Heritage site.

The group has destroyed several ancient sites in Iraq.

IS “placed a large quantity of explosives in the temple of Baalshamin today and then blew it up causing much damage to the temple,” Syrian antiquities chief Maamoun Abdulkarim told AFP news agency.

“The cella (inner area of the temple) was destroyed and the columns around collapsed,” he said.

Residents who had fled from Palmyra also said IS had planted explosives at the temple, although they had done it about one month ago, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.]]></description>
<dc:subject>IslamicState isis culture history syria</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:003837fff9ab/</dc:identifier>
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</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://social.reason.com/blog/2015/08/20/the-gops-35-year-devolution-on-immigrati">
    <title>The GOP’s 35-Year Devolution on Immigration</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-23T03:42:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://social.reason.com/blog/2015/08/20/the-gops-35-year-devolution-on-immigrati</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Thirty-five years later, that exchange (you can watch the video here) now reads like science fiction. Republican presidential candidates in 2015 are elbowing each other to see who can be the toughest against illegal (and often legal) immigrants. Donald Trump shot to the top of early primary polls after calling Mexican immigrants rapists and accusing the Mexican government of deliberately emptying its prisons into the U.S.; he then released a plan that would build a permanent border wall, triple the number of border cops, require every employer-employee contract to be vetted through a national database, end birthright citizenship, "impound" all remittance payments that are "derived from illegal wages," and institute a "pause" in the issuance of new green cards, for starters.

Trump's runner-up in early national polling, Ben Carson, wants to not just "secure" but "seal" the border. And not just the one with Mexico: "the northern border, the Pacific border, the Atlantic border, every border." Carson also wants to use drones against illegals, and end the 14th Amendment's scourge of "anchor babies," a policy goal shared by his fellow GOP competitors Ted Cruz, Scott Walker, Rand Paul, Rick Santorum, Lindsey Graham, and Bobby Jindal, at minimum.

How did the GOP progress (or regress, depending on your point of view) over four decades from a party whose two leading candidates—important 20th century political figures both—were immigration enthusiasts who opposed fences and praised illegal immigrants, to one whose two leading candidates (political novices both) deride illegals, seek massive walls, and wish to cut back on legal immigration as well?]]></description>
<dc:subject>immigration usa republicans politics government history ronaldreagan georgehwbush</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/05/21/quiz-just-how-kafkaesque-is-the-court-that-oversees-nsa-spying/">
    <title>Quiz: Just how Kafkaesque is the court that oversees NSA spying? - The Washington Post</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-01T20:51:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/05/21/quiz-just-how-kafkaesque-is-the-court-that-oversees-nsa-spying/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“The court” in Franz Kafka’s novel The Trial is a shadowy tribunal that tries (and executes) Josef K., the story’s protagonist, without informing him of the crime he’s charged with, the witnesses against him, or how he can defend himself. (Worth noting: The FISA court doesn’t “try” anyone. Also, it doesn’t kill people.)

Congress is debating a bill that would make the FISA court more transparent. In the meantime, can you tell the difference between the FISA court and Kafka’s court?]]></description>
<dc:subject>legal history politics government terrorism nsa fisa surveillance</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:0e1cda125b5f/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33545971">
    <title>Bill Clinton regrets 'three strikes' bill - BBC News</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-17T02:16:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33545971</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Former US President Bill Clinton has admitted his "three strikes" crime bill introduced in the 1990s contributed to the problem of overpopulated prisons.
Speaking to a civil rights group, he said: "I signed a bill that made the problem worse and I want to admit it."
It put 100,000 more police officers on the streets but locked up "minor actors for way too long", Mr Clinton said.
President Barack Obama launched a renewed effort to reform the criminal justice system this week.
He visited a federal prison in Oklahoma on Thursday, becoming the first sitting president to do so.
Speaking at the El Reno Federal Correctional Institution, Mr Obama said the criminal justice system needs to distinguish between young people who make mistakes and those who are truly dangerous.]]></description>
<dc:subject>BillClinton history usa police politics legal crime government justice civilrights</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.wasthecivilwaraboutslavery.com/">
    <title>YES</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-12T02:30:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.wasthecivilwaraboutslavery.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[- South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union. In its “Declaration of Immediate Causes” the government of South Carolina itself said that secession was necessary due to “an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the institution of slavery.”

- In its Declaration of Secession, the state of Mississippi wrote, “Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery.” It went on, “A blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation. There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition [of slavery], or a dissolution of the Union.”

- Or read the declarations of secession from Georgia, or Texas, or Florida.

- In his famous Cornerstone Address, Confederate Vice President Alexander Stevens made it absolutely clear what caused secession and justified the Civil War. “The new [Confederate] Constitution has put at rest forever all the agitating questions relating to our peculiar institutions—African slavery as it exists among us—the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and present revolution.”

- The states that formed the confederacy did not secede because they felt state laws should trump federal ones; in fact, they cited state laws in New York that outlawed returning fugitive slaves as unconstitutional and a reason for secession.

]]></description>
<dc:subject>CivilWar history slavery race racism</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/south-carolina-votes-remove-confederate-flag-statehouse">
    <title>South Carolina Senate Votes To Remove Confederate Flag</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-07T03:34:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/south-carolina-votes-remove-confederate-flag-statehouse</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The South Carolina Senate voted Monday to remove the Confederate flag from a pole on the Statehouse grounds, though the proposal still needs approval from the state House and the governor.

The bill requires a two-thirds vote in each chamber; the Senate approved it 37-3. Gov. Nikki Haley has said she wants the flag to come down and will sign the bill.

Monday's vote comes less than a week after the 15th anniversary of South Carolina taking the flag off the Capitol dome where it flew since the early 1960s and moving it to beside a monument honoring Confederate soldiers.

We now have the opportunity, the obligation to put the exclamation point on an extraordinary narrative of good and evil, of love and mercy that will take its place in the history books," said Sen. Tom Davis, R-Beaufort.

Lawmakers had largely ignored the flag until the killing of nine black people during a Bible study at a historic African-American church on June 17.]]></description>
<dc:subject>southcarolina legal history race racism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/us/2-charged-in-confederate-flag-removal-at-south-carolina-capitol.html">
    <title>2 Charged in Confederate Flag Removal at South Carolina Capitol</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-28T05:52:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/28/us/2-charged-in-confederate-flag-removal-at-south-carolina-capitol.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[A protester climbed a 30-foot flagpole and removed the Confederate battle flag from its perch outside the South Carolina State House early Saturday, before she was arrested and the flag replaced, the police said.

The protester, an African-American woman, was nearly halfway up the pole when a State Capitol police officer on routine patrol ordered her to come down. The authorities said the woman, who was wearing climbing gear, had ignored the command.

She continued her climb to the top of the flagpole and unhooked and removed the flag before descending.

An officer from the Bureau of Protective Services arrested her and a white male who had aided her.

The police identified the woman as Brittany Ann Byuarim-Newsome, 30, of Raleigh, N.C., and her purported accomplice as James Ian Tyson, 30, of Charlotte, N.C.

They were charged with defacing a monument, the police said, a misdemeanor that carries a fine of up to $5,000, a prison term of up to three years or both.

About the time she was being arrested, Ms. Byuarim-Newsome sent a statement to the news media via email. “We removed the flag today because we can’t wait any longer. We can’t continue like this another day,” the statement said. “It’s time for a new chapter where we are sincere about dismantling white supremacy and building toward true racial justice and equality.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>legal protest race racism history civilrights southcarolina</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33259521">
    <title>Efforts to banish Confederate symbols grow in US south - BBC News</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-25T00:54:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33259521</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Anger at the presence of Confederate symbols on public property in the US south is growing.
The Confederate battle flag has been removed from Alabama's state capitol and Mississippi officials have urged the state flag have the emblem removed.
The backlash against the flag was sparked by a mass shooting at a black church in South Carolina last week.
Nine worshippers were killed and the suspected gunman has appeared in photos holding the flag.
Police believe the slaughter at a bible study group week was racially motivated.
The New York Times reported that the US Department of Justice "will likely file federal hate crime charges" against Dylann Roof.
His embracing of the flag, which was the Civil War battle flag of the southern states, has prompted politicians to shift positions on this once revered emblem of southern identity.
Four Confederate flags were taken down from a Civil War monument outside the state capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, after Governor Robert Bentley said he did not want the flag to be a "distraction".
Meanwhile, debate has been revived in Mississippi over the presence of a smaller version of the rebel flag within the current state flag.]]></description>
<dc:subject>usa legal race racism government justice civilrights history politics discrimination</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33229040">
    <title>South Carolina urges removal of Confederate flag - BBC News</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-23T02:30:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33229040</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The governor of South Carolina has called for the removal of a Confederate flag from the state capitol's grounds.
The flag, emblematic of the south during the US civil war, was embraced by the man accused of killing nine people in a black church last week.
To prolonged applause, Governor Nikki Haley called for the "removal of a symbol that divides us", and urged the state legislature to act.
The Sons of Confederate Veterans says it will fight attempts to remove it.
The group says it symbolises their heritage and history, not hate, and offered condolences to the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, where the attack took place.
At a news conference, South Carolina Governor Haley acknowledged that point of view but said to many others it was a "deeply offensive symbol of brutal oppression".
Hours later, Walmart announced it would no longer stock any products that display the Confederation flag.
The flag was originally the battle flag of the southern states in the American Civil War when they tried to break away to prevent the abolition of slavery.]]></description>
<dc:subject>southcarolina legal politics race racism history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:084fe3446cbe/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.vox.com/2015/6/19/8811821/things-named-after-confederate-leaders">
    <title>Beyond the Confederate flag, racist traitors are far too celebrated in the United States - Vox</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-21T22:10:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.vox.com/2015/6/19/8811821/things-named-after-confederate-leaders</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[No doubt, the vast majority of people who support — or at least passively accept — this widespread commendation of the Confederate cause don't particularly mean anything by it. Certainly they don't intend to be sending the message to impressionable and perhaps somewhat disturbed young men that African Americans are less-than-equal members of the political community and that the use of illegal violence against their interests is justified.

But symbols — like words — carry meanings that stand independently of any individual person's subjective intentions. And in this case, the symbols' meaning is extremely clear — lawless violence in pursuit of white supremacy is not necessarily wrong and may at times be worthy of celebration.

It's a message that Dylann Roof may have heard all too clearly.]]></description>
<dc:subject>history culture politics race racism usa legal justice</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:7b8d2c48403d/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/06/why-cant-republicans-admit-roof-was-racist.html">
    <title>Why Can’t Republicans Admit Roof Was Racist? -- NYMag</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-20T20:40:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/06/why-cant-republicans-admit-roof-was-racist.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[What’s genuinely mysterious is not just why conservatives believe such nonsense but why they feel obliged to say it. After all, the Republican Party may be in general denial about the persistence of racism as a continuing force in American life, and openly racist whites may be a part of their constituency (just as they have long been part of the Democratic Party’s constituency).

In 2000, George W. Bush gave a speech at Bob Jones University, which banned interracial dating. But Bush was competing in a Republican primary in South Carolina and really needed the votes of whites who opposed interracial dating. Neither Jeb Bush nor other Republicans need the votes of racist murderers to win an election. It would be very easy to identify a confessed white-supremacist murderer without doing violence to the overall conservative worldview. It is not like admitting the persistence of racial discrimination by police or employers or school administrators or courts, all of which put pressure on conservative policies. Just say there are still a small number of racist murderers in America!

Roof's actions are a completely sensible expression of his twisted worldview. It's the failure to admit it that's senseless.]]></description>
<dc:subject>republicans politics race racism history usa</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/ted-cruz-believes-jfk-would-be-republican-today?cid=sm_tw_msnbc">
    <title>Ted Cruz believes JFK 'would be a Republican today' | MSNBC</title>
    <dc:date>2015-06-03T18:47:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/ted-cruz-believes-jfk-would-be-republican-today?cid=sm_tw_msnbc</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In general, I sometimes understand the appeal of the “Would ____ be a Democrat or a Republican?” parlor game. It’s a little diversion for political nerds (like me) to kick around – Lincoln was pretty liberal, so what would he think of what’s become of his radicalized party? Would Reagan survive a Republican primary in 2016? The speculative arguments make for fun arguments among poli-sci undergrads.
 
But for Ted Cruz to argue, out loud in and public, that JFK would be a Republican is ridiculous, even for Ted Cruz.]]></description>
<dc:subject>politics JohnFKennedy history TedCruz taxes economics</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://aeon.co/magazine/psychology/we-need-to-ditch-generational-labels/">
    <title>We need to ditch generational labels – Rebecca Onion – Aeon</title>
    <dc:date>2015-05-20T03:01:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://aeon.co/magazine/psychology/we-need-to-ditch-generational-labels/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Actual millennials are fighting back, pointing out that this focus on technology use and supposed personality differences is obscuring the very real (and dire) economic conditions that young people face. ‘Sometimes it’s important to start with numbers,’ Malcolm Harris wrote in the ‘Youth’ edition of The New Inquiry in 2012. ‘When it comes to inter-generational conflict, tied as it is to stories about Oedipus and Hamlet, numbers help ensure we’re speaking of a particular relation rather than a mythic archetype.’ Harris, who will publish a book on the topic this year, pointed out that young people deal with unemployment, overpolicing, lack of economic opportunity, tuition increases, and mountainous student debt.

A popular critique, in the form of the ‘Old-Economy Steve’ meme, shows that Harris is not alone in pointing out the hypocrisy of older public opinion that’s ready to disdain young people facing big social problems. An image of a 1970s-looking teenager (aka old-economy Steve) is overlaid with banner texts such as: ‘Graduates From College. Gets Hired.’; ‘Got My Dream Job. By Responding To A Classified Ad.’; ‘Had A Great Union Job. Unions Are Ruining The Country.’; ‘When I Was In College My Summer Job Paid the Tuition. Tuition Was $400.’ Younger people fume on Tumblr, providing each other with statistics to use in arguments with older people who are convinced they just aren’t ‘trying’ hard enough to get jobs.

Popular millennial backlash against the stereotyping of their generation makes use of the same arguments against generational thinking that sociologists and historians have spent years developing. By drawing attention to the effects of the economic situation on their lives, pointing out that human experience isn’t universal and predictable, and calling upon adults to abandon broad assessments in favour of specific understanding, millennials prove the point: generational thinking is seductive, and for some of us it confirms our preconceived prejudices, but it’s fatally flawed as a mode of understanding the world. Real life is not science fiction.]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics research culture society history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:f6c856471d9e/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:culture"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/edblog/sorry-iraq-wasnt-a-good-faith-mistake-it-was-based-on-lies">
    <title>Sorry. Iraq Wasn't a Good Faith Mistake. It Was Based on Lies.</title>
    <dc:date>2015-05-17T17:06:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://talkingpointsmemo.com/edblog/sorry-iraq-wasnt-a-good-faith-mistake-it-was-based-on-lies</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The story we're hearing today is: Yes, it was a mistake. We wouldn't do it again knowing what we know now. But we acted on information that just turned out to be wrong. But that is quite simply a crock. The Bush administration was at best in deep denial about the true costs of the invasion. And it lead the country to war based on claims that were quite simply willful deceptions - lies. It may be too much to say that it was obvious to everyone at the time. But to reporters working the story and certainly anyone in the government, it was clear that the White House was involved in a mammoth exaggeration. Only later did it emerge that there was even more willful deception than those following closely realized at the time. Looking back and looking at the time it has always been somewhat difficult to find the bright line where flagrant lying met willful self-deception. But the truth is painful and clear: Iraq wasn't a good faith mistake. It was a calamity based on lies and willful deceptions. Much of that was clear at the time. It's all clear now.]]></description>
<dc:subject>iraq usa history military georgewbush politics republicans government</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:f53638a23a26/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:military"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:georgewbush"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:government"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/16/blinkers-and-lies/">
    <title>Blinkers and Lies</title>
    <dc:date>2015-05-16T22:43:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/16/blinkers-and-lies/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Finally, and this is where Atrios comes in, part of the answer is that a lot of Very Serious People were effectively in on the con. They, too, were looking forward to a splendid little war; or they were eager to burnish their non-hippie credentials by saying, hey, look, I’m a warmonger too; or they shied away from acknowledging the obvious lies because that would have been partisan, and they pride themselves on being centrists. And now, of course, they are very anxious not to revisit their actions back then.

Can we think about the economic debate the same way? Yes, although it’s arguably not quite as stark. Consider the long period when Paul Ryan was held up as the very model of a serious, honest, conservative. It was obvious from the beginning, if you were willing to do even a bit of homework, that he was a fraud, and that his alleged concern about the deficit was just a cover for the real goal of dismantling the welfare state. Even the inflation craziness may be best explained in terms of the political agenda: people on the right were furious with the Fed for, as they saw it, heading off the fiscal crisis they wanted to justify their anti-social-insurance crusade, so they put pressure on the Fed to stop doing its job.

And the Very Serious People enabled all this, much as they enabled the Iraq lies.

But back to Iraq: the crucial thing to understand is that the invasion wasn’t a mistake, it was a crime. We were lied into war. And we shouldn’t let that ugly truth be forgotten.]]></description>
<dc:subject>iraq military usa history politics republicans</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:8c25dc2a9955/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.demos.org/blog/4/29/15/working-poor-1975-2013">
    <title>The Working Poor 1975-2013</title>
    <dc:date>2015-04-30T05:31:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.demos.org/blog/4/29/15/working-poor-1975-2013</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[There is also, of course, the working poor, who make up around 20% of all those in official poverty. Adam Ozimek of Modeled Behavior has been pestering me for some time to go into IPUMS and determine how the work hours of the working poor has changed over time. So I finally went ahead and did that, using the survey question regarding usual hours worked per week.

The trend has bounced up and down over time, with the overall trend slightly down. In 1979, total hours worked per week was 36.8. In 2006, it was 35.1. In 2007, it was 34.2. Hours worked fell during the Great Recession to a low of 32.6 and have not yet recovered to their pre-recession levels.

Personally, I think that a 35 hour workweek is perfectly fine and something the US, which is an enormously overworked country by international standards, should be striving to achieve universally.

Although they don't fall into one of the classical categories of vulnerable populations, low-income workers can largely be kept out of poverty by welfare state institutions such as wage subsidies, means-tested transfers, and universal benefits like health care, child care, and child allowances (since many of the working poor are caring for children).]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics statistics research poverty wealth inequality usa government history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:35741d674052/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:poverty"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:wealth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:usa"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:history"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thenation.com/blog/205481/toward-new-broken-windows-theory">
    <title>Toward a New ‘Broken Windows’ Theory</title>
    <dc:date>2015-04-29T03:27:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.thenation.com/blog/205481/toward-new-broken-windows-theory</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[There’s something that needs to be cleared up: the Civil Rights movement was not successful because the quiet dignity of non-violent protests appealed to the morality of the white public. Non-violent direct action, a staple employed by many organizations during the Civil Rights movement, was and is a much more sophisticated tactic. Organizers found success when non-violent protests were able to provoke white violence, either by ordinary citizens or police, and images of that brutality were transmitted across the country and the rest of the world. The pictures of bloodied bodies standing in non-violent defiance of the law horrified people at home and proved embarrassing for the country in a global context.

So anyone who calls for protestors to remain “peaceful,” like the Civil Rights activists of old, must answer this question: what actions should be taken when America refuses to be ashamed? Images of black death are proliferating beyond our capacity to tell each story, yet there remains no tipping point in sight—no moment when white people in America will say, “Enough.” And no amount of international outrage diminishes the US’s reputation to the point of challenging its status as a hegemonic superpower.]]></description>
<dc:subject>violence protest history culture civilrights usa government politics police</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:f59c7d89701c/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:culture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:civilrights"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:usa"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:police"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.vox.com/2015/3/26/8291871/rap-lyrics-mac-phipps">
    <title>Rap lyrics are fiction — but prosecutors are treating them like admissions of guilt - Vox</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-26T20:55:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.vox.com/2015/3/26/8291871/rap-lyrics-mac-phipps</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Indeed, Phipps's arrest and prosecution are disturbingly reminiscent of the relationship between black expression and police repression that was commonplace in the American South in the decades after Reconstruction, a period during which law enforcement played a central role in silencing, and frequently terrorizing, black Americans.

As a new report by the Equal Justice Initiative reveals, between 1877 and 1950 nearly 4,000 black men and women were lynched in the South, often for speech that whites deemed profane or disrespectful, while police and courts did nothing to punish the offenders. The message was clear: the "wrong" kinds of black speech could be punished, severely.

And yet blacks found ways to speak out just the same, in many cases through art. It is no coincidence, for example, that during the early decades of Jim Crow, a number of folk tales began to appear, cropping up in the Deep South and circulating orally throughout the African-American community. These tales, or toasts, were early prototypes for rap: they were told in rhymed form, they could be bawdy and profane, and they celebrated the clever underdog who outwitted his opponent or the hero who inspired fear in those who dared oppose him. They were a form of resistance, antidotes to the realities of life that gained popularity in large part because they offered a narrative of black strength in the face of everyday suffering.]]></description>
<dc:subject>rap music legal crime civilrights freedomofspeech politics government humanrights history usa race racism discrimination</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:3fdd425ffddf/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:discrimination"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/ted-cruz-is-just-like-reagan-in-1980-expect-people-actually-liked-reagan/">
    <title>Ted Cruz Is Just Like Reagan In 1980, Except People Actually Liked Reagan | FiveThirtyEight</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-26T00:54:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/ted-cruz-is-just-like-reagan-in-1980-expect-people-actually-liked-reagan/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Let’s dispose of this myth once and for all. Every presidential election cycle we hear it: “Well, they said Ronald Reagan could never be elected.”

We’re hearing this chestnut again in the wake of Sen. Ted Cruz’s announcement this week that he’s running for president. Kevin Williamson over at the National Review — while correctly pointing out that you should never say never in politics — argues that the people who say Cruz can’t win should look at the Reagan example before getting too confident in their predictions.

Well, I’m looking, and I’m just not seeing it. Reagan was the favorite heading into the 1980 Republican primary. And no, this isn’t only evident in hindsight, it’s a belief born out of the data that was available in the first half of 1979.

Reagan was cruising in the “endorsement primary.” Endorsements from party bigwigs, as I wrote about Monday, are key in presidential primaries. They act as a seal of approval for voters, and in some cases, endorsers provide the machinery needed to get out the vote. According to data from “The Party Decides,” Reagan had 51 endorsements from party actors through March 1979. This included five senators, 23 House members, two state party chairs and one governor. Weighting for the position of the endorser (i.e., senators count for more than representatives), Reagan had an astounding 90 percent of endorsements by party officials at that point.

Cruz has nowhere near that level of support. He couldn’t even earn the endorsement of his fellow Texas senator, John Cornyn, or fellow tea partyer Sen. Mike Lee. Reagan, who had honed his “common touch” as an actor and TV pitchman, was also a respected two-term governor of California, which at that time was a swing state. He gracefully bowed out of the 1976 Republican convention. In other words, Reagan gave Republican officials a number of reasons to like him. Cruz … hasn’t.]]></description>
<dc:subject>ronaldreagan TedCruz politics government republicans history election</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:fc2182149abc/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:ronaldreagan"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:TedCruz"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:politics"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:election"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/24/liberals-conservatives-and-jobs/">
    <title>Liberals, Conservatives, and Jobs</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-25T01:10:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/24/liberals-conservatives-and-jobs/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[If creating “millions” of jobs means adding 2 million or more in a given year, then we did that in three of Jimmy Carter’s four years in office, and 13 times since Reagan left the White House — 8 times under Bill Clinton, twice under George W. Bush, and three times so far under Barack Obama. Actually, the only times we haven’t added millions of jobs under Democrats have been in the aftermath of severe shocks — the oil shock of 1979 and the financial crisis of 2008.

Am I claiming that Democratic presidents were responsible for all this job creation? No, not at all, nor do I need to. The point, instead, is that their policies didn’t prevent a lot of employment growth. That is, what you learn from both national experience and the California story is that you can raise taxes on the rich and expand access to health care without killing the economy.

Republicans, by contrast, need to claim that Reaganomics produced all the job growth of the 80s, just as they used to claim that Bush’s “ownership society” was responsible for any and all good news in the 2000s. That’s why they’re desperately trying to claim that the economic recovery now underway is an illusion.]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics economy statistics history politics government</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:d47667211cfb/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:economy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:statistics"/>
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</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.vox.com/2015/3/17/8227175/st-patricks-irish-immigrant-history">
    <title>&quot;No Irish Need Apply&quot;: the fake sign at the heart of a real movement</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-18T05:19:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.vox.com/2015/3/17/8227175/st-patricks-irish-immigrant-history</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Two things are clearly true. There was obviously widespread prejudice against Irish Catholics during the mid-19th-century wave of immigration to the US, and it seems extremely probable that that prejudice led to actual discrimination. After all, the version of the song “No Irish Need Apply” that became popular wasn’t the one in which coming to America was a happy ending; it was the version in which, even in America, there were bigots who needed to get beaten up.

But the second truth is that the myth of “No Irish Need Apply” lasted far longer than actual anti-Irish discrimination. Many of the people who claimed to have seen NINA signs couldn’t possibly have seen them. The late Senator Ted Kennedy used to talk about seeing “No Irish Need Apply” signs growing up; Kennedy was not only born in 1932, several decades after anti-Irish prejudice had peaked, but he also grew up in an upper-class neighborhood where (in Jensen’s opinion) he was unlikely to run across any stores that might have posted NINA signs. And it seems replica signs, like the picture at the top of this article, are much more popular than actual signs ever were.]]></description>
<dc:subject>discrimination history race culture politics immigration usa government</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:c124015de75c/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:race"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:immigration"/>
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</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/jeresig/status/576199433840410624">
    <title>John Resig on Twitter: &quot;You know how we get angry over ISIS destroying museums? Art and culture define our humanity. Destroying them destroys our very essence.&quot;</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-13T02:05:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/jeresig/status/576199433840410624</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[You know how we get angry over ISIS destroying museums? Art and culture define our humanity. Destroying them destroys our very essence.

— John Resig (@jeresig) March 13, 2015]]></description>
<dc:subject>culture history Google software business internet</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:57710324548c/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:Google"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:software"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:business"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:internet"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/07/remembrance-of-nairus-past/">
    <title>Remembrance of NAIRUs Past</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-08T22:29:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/07/remembrance-of-nairus-past/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Unemployment, it turned out, dropped into the low 4s before there was any sign of rising inflation.

Actually, the current situation looks quite a lot like the mid-90s, with unemployment basically at the Fed’s estimate of “full employment” but no sign of inflation — except that back then wages were rising much more vigorously than now. Now, as then, there is a very real possibility that we have lots more room to run, if the Fed lets us.]]></description>
<dc:subject>employment statistics economics economy history usa inflation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:0e4a4d2855e1/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:economics"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:usa"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:inflation"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/slandering-the-70s/">
    <title>Slandering the 70s</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-08T20:27:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/slandering-the-70s/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[But perhaps at a deeper level, the depiction of the 70s as the epitome of a bad economy is about selling an ideology. The 70s were the final years before the great right turn in American politics, so they must become an object lesson in how liberal governance is a disaster. You constantly hear assertions that stagflation was caused by an excessively large welfare state — as opposed to oil shocks and bad judgement by the Fed. Actually, it’s even stranger, when you read Paul Ryan’s linked piece, to see his insinuation that budget deficits are what cause stagflation — in the 70s public debt was low and falling as a share of GDP. It only started rising after the Reagan tax cuts.

So we’re not going back to the 70s — and we’re definitely not going back to the 70s of right-wing fantasy, a dystopia that never really happened.]]></description>
<dc:subject>politics statistics economics economy inflation history usa</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:776de07c207d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:economy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:inflation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:usa"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.vox.com/2015/3/7/8164801/selma-edmund-pettus-bridge-kkk">
    <title>Inside the fight to strip a KKK leader's name from Selma's Edmund Pettus Bridge</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-08T04:07:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.vox.com/2015/3/7/8164801/selma-edmund-pettus-bridge-kkk</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This weekend, as President Obama and members of Congress travel to Selma, Alabama, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Bloody Sunday, a new generation of activists is working to strip the name of Edmund Pettus — a former state legislator who doubled as a top KKK official — from the city’s most famous civil rights landmark.

Students Unite, an organization made mostly of college and graduate students focused on social justice issues in Selma, has collected more than 158,000 signatures on a Change.org petition calling on Alabama leaders to rename the bridge, where police viciously beat demonstrators marching for voting rights on March 7, 1965.

But because the bridge is both part of a federal highway and a National Historic landmark —not to mention a source of sentimentality for some in Alabama — erasing the avowed racist’s name from it won’t be as simple as some think.]]></description>
<dc:subject>KKK history culture alabama usa government civilrights racism</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:5e0f8c481052/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:alabama"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:usa"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:government"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:civilrights"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:racism"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/feb/27/guardians-destroyed-snowden-laptop-to-feature-in-major-va-show">
    <title>Guardian's destroyed Snowden laptop to feature in major V&amp;A show</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-02T01:38:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/feb/27/guardians-destroyed-snowden-laptop-to-feature-in-major-va-show</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The remains of computers used to store top-secret documents leaked by the NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden, which were symbolically destroyed by Guardian editors while being watched by GCHQ representatives, are to be displayed at the V&A.

The smashed MacBook Air and Western Digital hard drive are to be part of a large exhibition staged across the V&A in the spring and summer asking questions around the role of museums in society.

The laptop and drive were destroyed using angle grinders and drills on the insistence of the prime minister, David Cameron.

The Guardian editor, Alan Rusbridger, described their destruction as “a peculiarly pointless piece of symbolism,” given the newspaper had told the government it held copies of the data overseas.

Kieran Long, senior curator of contemporary architecture, design and digital at the V&A, admitted the museum had discussed whether it was straying too far into politics or side-taking by displaying the wrecked equipment.

The decision was helped along when a senior colleague, a medieval scholar, pointed out that the V&A had objects deliberately destroyed in the Reformation and the English civil war which were preserved for their damage and the story they told without the museum having to take sides. “I could have kissed him,” Long said.

The laptop and its components will be loaned by the Guardian with “conversations continuing” as to whether it becomes a permanent acquisition or remains in the Guardian’s own archive.

It will be a pivotal part of a display, called Ways to be Secret, of hi-tech devices that raise questions about our privacy. It will include a selfie stick, a USB condom, a Fitbit Surge and a Cyborg Unplug, described as an “anti-wireless surveillance system for the home and workplace”.

The display is part of a much larger project called All of This Belongs to You, a free series of of displays, installations and events which explore the role of public institutions in contemporary life and the idea of a museum as a public space.]]></description>
<dc:subject>art culture history EdwardSnowden freedomofpress</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:d84aab898356/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:EdwardSnowden"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:freedomofpress"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/01/magazine/building-the-first-slave-museum-in-america.html">
    <title>Building the First Slavery Museum in America</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-02T00:08:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/01/magazine/building-the-first-slave-museum-in-america.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Louisiana’s River Road runs northwest from New Orleans to Baton Rouge, its two lanes snaking some 100 miles along the Mississippi and through a contradictory stretch of America. Flat and fertile, with oaks webbed in Spanish moss, the landscape stands in defiance of the numerous oil refineries and petrochemical plants that threaten its natural splendor. In the rust-scabbed towns of clapboard homes, you are reminded that Louisiana is the eighth-poorest state in the nation. Yet in the lush sugar plantations that crop up every couple of miles, you can glimpse the excess that defined the region before the Civil War. Some are still active, with expansive fields yielding 13 million tons of sugar cane a year. Others stand in states of elegant rot. But most conspicuous are those that have been restored for tourists, transporting them into a world of bygone Southern grandeur — one in which mint juleps, manicured gardens and hoop skirts are emphasized over the fact that such grandeur was made possible by the enslavement of black human beings.

On Dec. 7, the Whitney Plantation, in the town of Wallace, 35 miles west of New Orleans, celebrated its opening, and it was clear, based on the crowd entering the freshly painted gates, that the plantation intended to provide a different experience from those of its neighbors. Roughly half of the visitors were black, for starters, an anomaly on plantation tours in the Deep South. And while there were plenty of genteel New Orleanians eager for a peek at the antiques inside the property’s Creole mansion, they were outnumbered by professors, historians, preservationists, artists, graduate students, gospel singers and men and women from Senegal dressed in traditional West African garb: flowing boubous of intricate embroidery and bright, saturated colors. If opinions on the restoration varied, visitors were in agreement that they had never seen anything quite like it. Built largely in secret and under decidedly unorthodox circumstances, the Whitney had been turned into a museum dedicated to telling the story of slavery — the first of its kind in the United States.]]></description>
<dc:subject>slavery usa history culture race racism politics Louisiana</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:65f7dc15f131/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:Louisiana"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/iraq-isis-take-sledgehammers-priceless-assyrian-artefacts-mosul-museum-video-1489616">
    <title>Iraq: Isis take sledgehammers to priceless Assyrian artefacts at Mosul museum [VIDEO]</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-27T01:47:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/iraq-isis-take-sledgehammers-priceless-assyrian-artefacts-mosul-museum-video-1489616</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The Islamic State (Isis) has published a video showing militants destroying ancient artefacts in a Mosul museum with sledgehammer and pickaxes.

IS fighters are seen unveiling old statues in the Ninawa museum dating back to the Assyrian empire and then dragging them down to the ground, where they fall into pieces.

Then, they are depicted pounding 3,000-year-old sculptures with hammers until they are completely shattered. Tens of militants are seen using ladders, hammers and drills to destroy every statue in the museum, including a winged-bull Assyrian protective deity dating back to the 9th century BC. 

"These ruins that are behind me, they are idols and statues that people in the past used to worship instead of Allah," an IS militant says at some point, with an immense horse-like figure in the background.

"The Prophet Mohammed took down idols with his bare hands when he went into Mecca. We were ordered by our prophet to take down idols and destroy them, and the companions of the prophet did this after this time, when they conquered countries."

"When God orders us to remove and destroy them, it becomes easy for us and we don't care even if they cost millions of dollars," he continues.

The video, dated February 2015 from Mosul, comes after Mosul's public library director Ghanim al-Ta'an told The Fiscal Times that IS members burned the city public library, which housed more than 8,000 rare old books and manuscripts.]]></description>
<dc:subject>isis IslamicState history culture iraq Mosul</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:42f4948c8591/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:IslamicState"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:iraq"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:Mosul"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.vox.com/2015/2/24/8101329/black-death-gerbils-rats">
    <title>Scientists now suspect gerbils were the real villains in the Black Death — not rats - Vox</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-25T06:23:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.vox.com/2015/2/24/8101329/black-death-gerbils-rats</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, compared records of plague outbreaks in Europe with historical tree-ring data that provides clues as to the continent's past climate.

Earlier research has suggested that the optimal weather for rat-driven plague outbreaks in Europe would have been warm and somewhat dry summers. But that created a problem: the plague data and climate data don't line up — it didn't seem likely that rats in Europe were the ones driving the repeated plague outbreaks. (As further evidence, past studies have found that rats were often absent from plague centers in northern Europe.)

So what was to blame? The researchers noticed another interesting pattern in the climate data for central Asia. Every now and again, there were periods of warmer springs and wetter summers around Kazakhstan. These conditions are known to help boost populations of great gerbils (Rhombomys opimus), some of whom carry plague. That allows the disease to spread around the region.

Then, once the climate cools and gerbil populations shrink back down, there's an excess of fleas left over. So those fleas seek out an alternative host — namely humans and their domestic animals. This pattern would help spread plague further in central Asia.

The researchers then found that every time these particular climate patterns in central Asia prevailed, plague would pop up in Europe about 15 years later. Given the frequent trade caravans traveling between Asia and Europe during this time, it seems far more likely that plague was being repeatedly reintroduced by Asia, thanks to booming gerbil populations. The map below shows what this might have looked like:]]></description>
<dc:subject>science research history health</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:f5aca2f2261a/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:health"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/an-unflattering-history-lesson/2015/02/19/3be9cb0c-b878-11e4-a200-c008a01a6692_story.html">
    <title>The bizarre war against AP U.S. history courses</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-23T03:29:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/an-unflattering-history-lesson/2015/02/19/3be9cb0c-b878-11e4-a200-c008a01a6692_story.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In some states, U.S. history isn’t the only AP course to come under attack. In both Oklahoma and Kansas, legislators have threatened to bar or defund any curriculum not developed locally, which could disqualify all AP and International Baccalaureate classes from being taught in the public schools.

The objections here are not just about insufficiently patriotic content but a bizarre, almost obsessive paranoia about federal encroachment upon states’ rights. Some legislators seem convinced that the educational standards set by the Common Core and AP and IB tests are a manifestation of federal tyranny — an odd concern, given that (A) none of these curricula was developed by the feds (Common Core was a state-led effort, and AP and IB programs are overseen by independent nonprofits) and (B) none of these curricula has actually been mandated by the federal government.

AP and Common Core standards also give teachers and schools quite a bit of discretion in what they teach, setting broad critical-thinking goals rather than providing a concrete syllabus, textbook or packet of lesson plans. If an AP U.S. history teacher wants to highlight the heroism of our Founding Fathers, he very much can.

All said, it’s unclear what problem these states are trying to solve by making it harder to offer classes that will help driven and ambitious students succeed.

In the short run, developing new, more politically compliant curricula, and then training teachers in it, is expensive. But the costs in the long run are much higher. For one, dismantling AP classes will limit students’ ability to get college credit for their high school studies, in an era when it’s already taking ever longer to complete what’s supposed to be a four-year degree. More important, setting politically motivated ceilings on what students are allowed to learn will ultimately make them less informed citizens, likely dooming them to support passing equally dumb public policies as adults. Those who don’t know history, after all, are condemned to repeat it.]]></description>
<dc:subject>education history politics oklahoma government culture</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:d8f792b66ae0/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:history"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/t:oklahoma"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/02/rudy_giuliani_says_barack_obama_doesn_t_love_america_that_s_absurd_but_the.html">
    <title>Rudy Giuliani Is Right That Obama Isn’t Like Past Presidents</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-22T00:20:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2015/02/rudy_giuliani_says_barack_obama_doesn_t_love_america_that_s_absurd_but_the.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[As president he echoed this during a now-famous (perhaps infamous) 2009 news conference in Strasbourg, France, where he elaborated on his sense of exceptionalism. “I believe in American exceptionalism, just as I suspect that the Brits believe in British exceptionalism and the Greeks believe in Greek exceptionalism.” Every nation has a sense of its unique place in the world. Even still, Obama said, there are things especially exceptional to the United States. “I think that we have a core set of values that are enshrined in our Constitution, in our body of law, in our democratic practices, in our belief in free speech and equality that, though imperfect, are exceptional.”

To be clear, Giuliani wasn’t somehow right, and to say he even made a point is to overstate the case. But it is true that Obama stands outside the norm. No, he’s not Jeremiah Wright, but he’s not Reagan either.

The obvious question is, Why? Why is Obama more circumspect than his presidential peers? Why does his praise come with a note of reservation?

The best answer, I think, lies in identity. By choice as much as birth, Obama is a black American. And black Americans, more than most, have a complicated relationship with our country. It’s our home as much as it’s been our oppressor: a place of freedom and opportunity as much as a source of violence and degradation. We’re an old American tribe, with deep roots in the land and a strong hand in the labor of the nation. But we’re often seen as other—a suspect class that just doesn’t fit.

As a president from black America, Obama carries this with him, and it comes through in his sometimes less-than-effusive vision of national greatness. He loves this country, but he also tempers his view with a nod toward the uglier parts of our history.

This isn’t the exceptionalism of the Republican Party or much of the national mainstream, and it can alienate Americans not used to a more critical eye—it’s why Mitt Romney chose “Believe in America” for his 2012 election slogan. But it is as authentically American as any other. And while Obama is far from a perfect president, I’m at least glad he’s here to give it a greater voice.]]></description>
<dc:subject>RudyGiuliani politics race history culture barackobama usa republicans racism</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:0adabc67c38b/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2015/02/oklahoma-republican-admits-his-ap-history-bill-is-poorly-worded/">
    <title>Oklahoma Republican admits his AP history bill is poorly worded</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-22T00:03:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2015/02/oklahoma-republican-admits-his-ap-history-bill-is-poorly-worded/</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[An Oklahoma lawmaker said on Thursday a bill that would cut funding for Advanced Placement U.S. history courses on the grounds that they did not portray the country in a positive enough light had been poorly worded and that he will revamp it.

The proposal faced stiff criticism from educators and parents who felt cutting funding would deal a blow to students who take Advanced Placement tests for college credit and harm a school system ranked near the bottom nationally in several categories.

Representative Dan Fisher, a Republican, said the bill, which he had authored, was incredibly ambiguous and that he had not intended to hurt the AP program.

“We’re going to clear it up so folks will know exactly what we’re trying to accomplish and it’s not to hurt AP,” he said. “We’re very supportive of the AP program.”

The bill passed an Oklahoma House committee along party lines this week, with 11 Republicans voting for the measure and 4 Democrats opposed.

A new framework for the course introduced in 2012 has sparked controversy. Cultural conservatives blast the changes they see as questioning American exceptionalism, while supporters say the course offers students a balanced way to analyze how American history has unfolded.]]></description>
<dc:subject>oklahoma republicans politics usa history education</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:ad1c1703e2a2/</dc:identifier>
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</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/upshot/when-jim-crow-got-cut-from-spring-training.html">
    <title>When Jim Crow Got Cut From Spring Training</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-18T02:44:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/upshot/when-jim-crow-got-cut-from-spring-training.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[But Florida was part of the Old South — it was the third state to join the Confederacy, two months before the Civil War — and there were extensive segregation laws on its books. For 1946, Robinson’s first season with the Royals, Rickey chose Daytona Beach, Fla., as the site of the first phase of the Dodgers’ preseason because the city’s approach to race was reputed to be less draconian than in many other Florida communities.

Daytona’s mayor, William Perry, knew that the Dodgers’ presence might boost local business and attract first-time tourists from New York City. To calm constituents who might be alarmed by the impending arrival of Robinson and an African-American teammate, Johnny Wright, Perry publicly compared the two players to one of the era’s most popular black performers, pointing out that “no one gets excited when Cab Calloway comes here.”

City Manager James Titus said — using the tortured reasoning licensed by the United States Supreme Court’s “separate but equal” doctrine, which was still the law of the land — that although Daytona Beach was segregated, “there is no discrimination.”

Rickey arranged for the newly married Jackie and his wife, Rachel (who feared that “we would be harmed, or killed”), to reside with a local druggist, Joe Harris, known as the “Negro mayor of Daytona Beach.” Rickey privately explained that he did not want to find himself embarrassed by ugly public scenes of Robinson being rejected by the managers of the Riviera Hotel, where white Dodgers and Royals normally stayed.

But when the players were taken to Sanford, 40 miles away, for workouts, a local white supremacist who said he represented a hundred others accosted a visiting African-American sportswriter, Wendell Smith, and warned, using a racial slur, of serious trouble unless Robinson and Wright left town fast. Wanting to avoid a dangerous eruption, Rickey abruptly moved all of his players back to Daytona Beach.]]></description>
<dc:subject>history segregation discrimination race racism</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/16/opinion/george-washington-slave-catcher.html">
    <title>George Washington, Slave Catcher</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-17T02:16:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/16/opinion/george-washington-slave-catcher.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[When he was 11 years old, Washington inherited 10 slaves from his father’s estate. He continued to acquire slaves — some through the death of family members and others through direct purchase. Washington’s cache of enslaved people peaked in 1759 when he married the wealthy widow Martha Dandridge Custis. His new wife brought more than 80 slaves to the estate at Mount Vernon. On the eve of the American Revolution, nearly 150 souls were counted as part of the property there.

In 1789, Washington became the first president of the United States, a planter president who used and sanctioned black slavery. Washington needed slave labor to maintain his wealth, his lifestyle and his reputation. As he aged, Washington flirted with attempts to extricate himself from the murderous institution — “to get quit of Negroes,” as he famously wrote in 1778. But he never did.

During the president’s two terms in office, the Washingtons relocated first to New York and then to Philadelphia. Although slavery had steadily declined in the North, the Washingtons decided that they could not live without it. Once settled in Philadelphia, Washington encountered his first roadblock to slave ownership in the region — Pennsylvania’s Gradual Abolition Act of 1780.

The act began dismantling slavery, eventually releasing people from bondage after their 28th birthdays. Under the law, any slave who entered Pennsylvania with an owner and lived in the state for longer than six months would be set free automatically. This presented a problem for the new president.

Washington developed a canny strategy that would protect his property and allow him to avoid public scrutiny. Every six months, the president’s slaves would travel back to Mount Vernon or would journey with Mrs. Washington outside the boundaries of the state. In essence, the Washingtons reset the clock. The president was secretive when writing to his personal secretary Tobias Lear in 1791: “I request that these Sentiments and this advise may be known to none but yourself & Mrs. Washington.”

The president went on to support policies that would protect slave owners who had invested money in black lives. In 1793, Washington signed the first fugitive slave law, which allowed fugitives to be seized in any state, tried and returned to their owners. Anyone who harbored or assisted a fugitive faced a $500 penalty and possible imprisonment.

Washington almost made it through his two terms in office without a major incident involving his slave ownership. On a spring evening in May of 1796, though, Ona Judge, the Washingtons’ 22-year-old slave woman, slipped away from the president’s house in Philadelphia. At 15, she had joined the Washingtons on their tour of Northern living. She was among a small cohort of nine slaves who lived with the president and his family in Philadelphia. Judge was Martha Washington’s first attendant; she took care of Mrs. Washington’s personal needs.

What prompted Judge’s decision to bolt was Martha Washington’s plan to give Judge away as a wedding gift to her granddaughter. Judge fled Philadelphia for Portsmouth, N.H., a city with 360 free black people, and virtually no slaves. Within a few months of her arrival, Judge married Jack Staines, a free black sailor, with whom she had three children. Judge and her offspring were vulnerable to slave catchers. They lived as free people, but legally belonged to Martha Washington.

Washington and his agents pursued Judge for three years, dispatching friends, officials and relatives to find and recapture her. Twelve weeks before his death, Washington was still actively pursuing her, but with the help of close allies, Judge managed to elude his slave-catching grasp.

George Washington died on Dec. 14, 1799. At the time of his death, 318 enslaved people lived at Mount Vernon and fewer than half of them belonged to the former president. Washington’s will called for the emancipation of his slaves following the death of his wife. He completed in death what he had been unwilling to do while living, an act made easier because he had no biological children expecting an inheritance. Martha Washington lived until 1802 and upon her death all of her human property went to her inheritors. She emancipated no one.

 When asked by a reporter if she had regrets about leaving the Washingtons, Judge responded, “No, I am free, and have, I trust, been made a child of God by the means.” Ona Judge died on Feb. 25, 1848. She has earned a salute during the month of February.]]></description>
<dc:subject>GeorgeWashington history slavery culture politics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/10/speed-read-8-revelations-from-kurt-eichenwald-s-500-days.html">
    <title>Speed Read: 8 Revelations From Kurt Eichenwald’s ‘500 Days’ - The Daily Beast</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-10T04:28:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/10/speed-read-8-revelations-from-kurt-eichenwald-s-500-days.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[5. Bush: God wants the U.S. to ‘erase His people’s enemies.’
After convincing Blair to support U.S. military action against Iraq, Bush turned to French President Jacques Chirac. “Jacques, you and I share a common faith. You’re Roman Catholic, I’m Methodist, but we are both Christians committed to the teachings of the Bible. We share one common Lord.” Chirac said he didn’t know where Bush was going with this. Then Bush said, “Gog and Magog are at work in the Middle East. Biblical prophecies are being fulfilled. This confrontation is willed by God, who wants to use this conflict to erase His people’s enemies before a new age begins.” Chirac said he hung up called together his staff. “He said, ‘Gog and Magog.’ Do any of you know what he is talking about?” Nobody knew. “Find out.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>usa government religion georgewbush history iraq afghanistan military</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/02/republicans-still-denying-bush-lied-about-iraq.html">
    <title>Republicans Still Denying Bush Lied About Iraq</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-10T03:17:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/02/republicans-still-denying-bush-lied-about-iraq.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The question of whether, in addition to being victimized by faulty intelligence, also misrepresented the intelligence it did have, was left to a second Senate report, called the “Phase II” report, which came out a few years later. That report, which was endorsed by two of the committee’s seven Republicans and all its Democrats, concluded, “the Administration repeatedly presented intelligence as fact when in reality it was unsubstantiated, contradicted, or even non-existent.”

Incredibly, Silberman’s op-ed does not mention the Phase II report at all. Silberman simply asserts that his committee, which was specifically instructed not to investigate whether Bush manipulated intelligence, did not find that Bush manipulated intelligence, and presents this as the final word.

It is hard to believe that Silberman expects such a crude exercise in propaganda to actually succeed. His intention appears to be slightly more indirect: to turn the demonstrable fact that the Bush administration deliberately misled the public into, at the very least, a partisan dispute that journalists cannot repeat without fear of being accused of bias. Silberman shrewdly selects as his target Ron Fournier, the apotheosis of the journalistic ethos that the truth lies halfway between the competing claims of the two parties at any given moment.

Silberman uses the occasion of Fournier repeating the fact that Bush lied about Iraq as a fact to admonish him for bias. “In recent weeks, I have heard former Associated Press reporter Ron Fournier on Fox News twice asserting, quite offhandedly, that President George W. Bush “lied us into war in Iraq,” Silberman writes, “It is astonishing to see the ‘Bush lied’ allegation evolve from antiwar slogan to journalistic fact.” Silberman’s goal here seems to be to make it impossible for journalists to treat this particular fact as if it were a fact.]]></description>
<dc:subject>republicans politics georgewbush iraq military usa ethics government history</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://dorophone.blogspot.com/2011/07/duckspeak-vs-smalltalk.html">
    <title>Duckspeak Vs Smalltalk | Dorophone</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-08T02:13:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://dorophone.blogspot.com/2011/07/duckspeak-vs-smalltalk.html</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[While the Dynabook was meant to be a device deeply rooted in the ethos of active education and human enhancement, the iDevices are essentially glorified entertainment and social interaction (and tracking) devices, and Apple controlled revenue stream generators for developers. The entire "App Store" model, then works to divide the world into developers and software users, whereas the Xerox PARC philosophy was for there to be a continuum between these two states. The Dynabook's design was meant to recruit the user into the system as a fully active participant. The iDevice is meant to show you things, and to accept a limited kind of input - useful for 250 character Tweets and Facebook status updates, all without giving you the power to upset Content Creators, upon whom Apple depends for its business model. Smalltalk was created with the education of adolescents in mind - the iPad thinks of this group as a market segment.

HyperCard was, by comparison, much closer to the Dynabook ethos. In a sense, the iPad is the failed "HyperCard Player" brought to corporate fruition, able to run applications but completely unsuited for developing them, both in its basic design (which prioritizes pointing and clicking as the mechanism of interaction), in the conceptual design of its software, and in the social and legal organization of its software distribution system.

It is interesting that at one point, Jobs (who could not be reached for comment) described his vision of computers as "interpersonal computing," and by that standard, his machines are a success. It is just a shame that in an effort to make interpersonal engagement over computers easy and ubiquitous, the goal of making the computer itself easily engaging has become obscured. In a world where centralized technology like Google can literally give you a good guess at any piece of human knowledge in milliseconds, its a real tragedy that the immense power of cheap, freely available computational systems remains locked behind opaque interfaces, obscure programming languages, and expensive licensing agreements.

The last 30 years have accustomed us to breakneck advancements in the technology we use every day, and yet at the personal level these advancements have been limited almost exclusively to communication and entertainment - so much so that arguably the public lacks even the the vocabulary to express what it is that modern computing could be doing for them or what they could be doing with modern computing. Spreadsheets are the closest most people get to "computing" with their personal computers. The electronic spreadsheet, which is itself an adaptation of an analog technology, was conceptualized in 1961.

If you ask Alan Kay about personal computing now, he is remarkably upbeat. In his view, the rapid development of technology simply outpaces the ability of corporate and educational systems to adapt, and this leads to a "pop culture" of sorts which dominates the culture of computer use. In other words, the divide between users and programmers, or at least between the truly computer literate and the merely casual computer user, isn't a top down phenomena imposed upon the people by those in control of technology. It is an inevitable result of the rapid pace of development.]]></description>
<dc:subject>technology programming software usability computer hardware history culture</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/03/national-statuary-hall-white-capitol">
    <title>The US Capitol Is Full of White Supremacists | Mother Jones</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-08T01:39:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/03/national-statuary-hall-white-capitol</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[When a statue of civil rights icon Rosa Parks was unveiled in the Capitol's Statuary Hall in late February, it joined an exclusive club. The collection includes generals and statesmen, inventors and priests—as well as some of the most notorious leaders of a five-year armed insurrection that left 600,000 people dead in the name of protecting white Americans' rights to own black Americans as slaves. What all the people portrayed in Statuary Hall have in common, with few exceptions, are two things: They are white, and they are men.

There is one Latino represented in the collection today. There are six American Indians, one Hawaiian, and zero African Americans. (Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. are both featured as part of a separate collection.) If it were any less diverse it would look like the Senate. But if the Architect of the Capitol is uncomfortable with the composition of its collection, it has an odd way of showing it. The biographies of the collection's most notorious members make no mention of their hard-earned legacies perpetuating and reinforcing a culture of white supremacy.

According to Hilary Shelton, the Washington director of the NAACP, the collection's biographies amount to a "whitewash" of history.

"It becomes revisionist when they don't talk about the real context in which these struggles that are going on," Shelton told Mother Jones. "We would not want to see them edit it out either. But we would like to make sure that there is a clear understanding of what was going on in the country at those times."

Alexander Stephens, the vice president of the Confederacy and one of two Georgians in the collection, is described in his official bio as "a dedicated statesman, an effective leader, and a powerful orator." But his most famous oration, the 1861 speech in which he explained that that the South's "foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man," goes unmentioned—as do all of the blemishes on his record. The biography make no effort to explain how someone whose singular legacy split the country in half might be considered a statesman.]]></description>
<dc:subject>usa culture history government race racism diversity</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/07/conservatives-rewrite-history-crusades-modern-political-ends">
    <title>Conservatives want to rewrite the history of the Crusades for modern political ends | David M Perry | Comment is free | The Guardian</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-07T21:51:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/feb/07/conservatives-rewrite-history-crusades-modern-political-ends</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In other words, either the bad stuff done by long-dead Christians has nothing to do with modern Christianity; or maybe the Crusades weren’t so bad for Muslims and Jews after all.

But the Crusades were pretty bad. Historians debate the precise extent and savagery of the violence, but we generally agree that the intensity of the religiously-motivated brutality was staggering. We argue, for example, whether there really was cannibalism during the First Crusade (probably), and whether blood really flowed up to the combatants’ ankles in the Temple of David in 1099 (probably not). But there’s no question that crusaders were sometimes driven to slaughter non-Christian civilian populations both in Europe and in southwest Asia, all in the name of religion.

Obama’s statements therefor reflect well-accepted historical knowledge. The Inquisition led to the execution of many people guilty – at most – of thought crime. Christianity has been regularly and explicitly used to justify colonization, slavery, cultural destruction and racial discrimination. These are simply undisputed facts, and if they make us uncomfortable, it’s worth thinking about why. Moreover, it’s vital to recognize that abolitionists and pacifists, just like those calling for inter-faith harmony today, have drawn strength from their religious convictions.

Reminding the public about ugly moments in the history of Christianity does not make one anti-Christian. To compare the Jordanian pilot who was burned to death by Isis militants to the public burning of Jesse Washington in Waco, Texas does not make one un-American. To acknowledge such comparisons instead gives one the moral authority to call out other acts of violence and atrocity, including those that are justified via religion.

That’s the real message of President Obama’s address at the National Prayer Breakfast. We need humility. We must recognize our fallibility, we must study the past to understand why things happen, and then we must try to do better. History – and not just the one written by the “victors” – is critical for illuminating both our present and our future; how ideologues try to rewrite it reveals the power of the stories we tell about to past to shape the future they hope to construct.]]></description>
<dc:subject>culture religion islam politics christianity history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/sep/07/economist-review-my-book-slavery?CMP=twt_gu">
    <title>The Economist's review of my book reveals how white people still refuse to believe black people about being black | Edward E Baptist | Comment is free | The Guardian</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-07T21:49:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/sep/07/economist-review-my-book-slavery?CMP=twt_gu</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[But the Economist didn’t apologize for dismissing what slaves said about slavery. That kind of arrogance remains part of a wider, more subtle pattern in how black testimony often gets treated – sometimes unknowingly – as less reliable than white. The Economist reviewer was saying that the key sources of my book, African Americans – black people – cannot be believed.

As the historian Jelani Cobb pointed out to MSNBC’s Chris Hayes on Friday night, the reviewer’s ideas about slavery’s history are not actually as uncommon as many of us would like to believe. He’s right: All across the American south, you can go to historic plantation sites still pushing the idea that slaves who had a “good” master were happy, and “faithful”.

If you write about the history of slavery, you become used to the pattern: No matter how many accounts you cite from ex-slaves, people often say they need more information before they can accept what former cotton pickers say about how cotton picking worked. And when we’re talking about contemporary events, the presumptive doubt is just as bad.

For instance: white people have had numerous opportunities, especially after Ferguson, to hear what African Americans think about how policing takes place when white civilians aren’t around. Yet twice as many white Americans as black Americans still think that police treat African Americans fairly.

Perhaps this is because, according to a recent survey, 75% of white Americans have zero black American friends. Surely if more white people knew more black people on a personal level, some would be more ready to accept the accounts from African Americans about how white privilege affects their own lives.

Instead, we’ve still got white magazine writers refusing to believe first-person accounts of history, which re-enforces white privilege at the very time when we should be revoking it. In the meantime, both historians and advocates of contemporary change often have to turn to the strategy of getting white people to vet black testimony before other white people will believe it.]]></description>
<dc:subject>journalism media politics history culture slavery usa government race racism</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="https://twitter.com/zellieimani/status/562369365346369536">
    <title>zellie on Twitter: &quot;Black woman with a white man on her back. Black History in one picture. http://t.co/xcxDmR49ZV&quot;</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-04T01:32:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://twitter.com/zellieimani/status/562369365346369536</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Black woman with a white man on her back. Black History in one picture. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>race racism culture usa history politics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:jtyost2/b:d7b04f8fea8e/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/rand-paul-common-core-revisionist-history">
    <title>Paul Bashes 'Revisionist History' Of Common Core, Which Does Not Have History Standards</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-03T00:52:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/rand-paul-common-core-revisionist-history</link>
    <dc:creator>jtyost2</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) tore into Common Core in a fundraising email on Thursday, lambasting the way the standards portray American history.

The senator claimed the standards contain "anti-American propaganda" and a "revisionist history that ignores the faith of our Founders," according to Bloomberg News.

However, Common Core only sets standards in english language arts/literacy and math, as ThinkProgress pointed out.

Critics of Common Core take issue with its alleged required reading list, which Bill Bennett, former Secretary of Education for President Ronald Reagan, described as a "myth" in a September op-ed.]]></description>
<dc:subject>history RandPaul politics CommonCore education</dc:subject>
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