<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <rdf:RDF xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:taxo="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:syn="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/" xmlns:admin="http://webns.net/mvcb/">
  <channel rdf:about="http://pinboard.in">
    <title>Pinboard (cshalizi)</title>
    <link>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/public/</link>
    <description>recent bookmarks from cshalizi</description>
    <items>
      <rdf:Seq>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.12121"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01621459.2021.1874961"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1009602825894"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.ahead-of-print/jci-2019-0026/jci-2019-0026.xml"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.2019.7.issue-1/jci-2019-2002/jci-2019-2002.xml"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://auai.org/uai2015/proceedings/papers/204.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r428.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v33/mohan14.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2343794"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cogs.2013.37.issue-6/issuetoc"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=1054"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.2013.1.issue-1/jci-2013-0003/jci-2013-0003.xml?format=INT"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=554"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6876"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r395.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r400.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.3504"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r391.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=337"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/TRIBUTE/pearl-tribute2010.htm"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r356.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r350.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r251.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=61"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r284-reprint.pdf"/>
      </rdf:Seq>
    </items>
  </channel><item rdf:about="https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.12121">
    <title>[2106.12121] Bounds on Causal Effects and Application to High Dimensional Data</title>
    <dc:date>2021-06-25T15:04:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.12121</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper addresses the problem of estimating causal effects when adjustment variables in the back-door or front-door criterion are partially observed. For such scenarios, we derive bounds on the causal effects by solving two non-linear optimization problems, and demonstrate that the bounds are sufficient. Using this optimization method, we propose a framework for dimensionality reduction that allows one to trade bias for estimation power, and demonstrate its performance using simulation studies."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB causal_inference partial_identification pearl.judea to_read statistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:75956efbde97/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:partial_identification"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01621459.2021.1874961">
    <title>Graphical Models for Processing Missing Data: Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol 0, No 0</title>
    <dc:date>2021-04-12T03:43:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01621459.2021.1874961</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This article reviews recent advances in missing data research using graphical models to represent multivariate dependencies. We first examine the limitations of traditional frameworks from three different perspectives: transparency, estimability, and testability. We then show how procedures based on graphical models can overcome these limitations and provide meaningful performance guarantees even when data are missing not at random (MNAR). In particular, we identify conditions that guarantee consistent estimation in broad categories of missing data problems, and derive procedures for implementing this estimation. Finally, we derive testable implications for missing data models in both missing at random and MNAR categories."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB missing_data pearl.judea graphical_models</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:67193b91bb61/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:missing_data"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1009602825894">
    <title>An Axiomatic Characterization of Causal Counterfactuals | SpringerLink</title>
    <dc:date>2020-05-16T17:44:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1009602825894</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper studies the causal interpretation of counterfactual sentences using a modifiable structural equation model. It is shown that two properties of counterfactuals, namely, composition and effectiveness, are sound and complete relative to this interpretation, when recursive (i.e., feedback-less) models are considered. Composition and effectiveness also hold in Lewis's closest-world semantics, which implies that for recursive models the causal interpretation imposes no restrictions beyond those embodied in Lewis's framework. A third property, called reversibility, holds in nonrecursive causal models but not in Lewis's closest-world semantics, which implies that Lewis's axioms do not capture some properties of systems with feedback. Causal inferences based on counterfactual analysis are exemplified and compared to those based on graphical models."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB causality graphical_models have_read pearl.judea galles.david</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:63ec3efb9a57/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:galles.david"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.ahead-of-print/jci-2019-0026/jci-2019-0026.xml">
    <title>Sufficient Causes: On Oxygen, Matches, and Fires : Journal of Causal Inference</title>
    <dc:date>2019-10-01T15:24:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.ahead-of-print/jci-2019-0026/jci-2019-0026.xml</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We demonstrate how counterfactuals can be used to compute the probability that one event was/is a sufficient cause of another, and how counterfactuals emerge organically from basic scientific knowledge, rather than manipulative experiments. We contrast this demonstration with the potential outcome framework and address the distinction between causes and enablers."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB causality pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:df58ed10f64f/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.2019.7.issue-1/jci-2019-2002/jci-2019-2002.xml">
    <title>On the Interpretation of do(x) : Journal of Causal Inference</title>
    <dc:date>2019-05-24T23:53:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.2019.7.issue-1/jci-2019-2002/jci-2019-2002.xml</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper provides empirical interpretation of the do(x) operator when applied to non-manipulable variables such as race, obesity, or cholesterol level. We view do(x) as an ideal intervention that provides valuable information on the effects of manipulable variables and is thus empirically testable. We draw parallels between this interpretation and ways of enabling machines to learn effects of untried actions from those tried. We end with the conclusion that researchers need not distinguish manipulable from non-manipulable variables; both types are equally eligible to receive the do(x) operator and to produce useful information for decision makers."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB causality pearl.judea re:ADAfaEPoV to_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:74e1b77222a0/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:ADAfaEPoV"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://auai.org/uai2015/proceedings/papers/204.pdf">
    <title>Missing Data as a Causal and Probabilistic Problem</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-15T14:17:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://auai.org/uai2015/proceedings/papers/204.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Causal inference is often phrased as a missing data problem – for every unit, only the response to observed treatment assignment is known, the response to other treatment assignments is not. In this paper, we extend the converse approach of [7] of representing missing data problems to causal models where only interventions on miss- ingness indicators are allowed. We further use this representation to leverage techniques devel- oped for the problem of identification of causal effects to give a general criterion for cases where a joint distribution containing missing variables can be recovered from data actually observed, given assumptions on missingness mechanisms. This criterion is significantly more general than the commonly used “missing at random” (MAR) criterion, and generalizes past work which also exploits a graphical representation of missing- ness. In fact, the relationship of our criterion to MAR is not unlike the relationship between the ID algorithm for identification of causal effects [22, 18], and conditional ignorability [13]."]]></description>
<dc:subject>statistics graphical_models causal_inference missing_data pearl.judea to_read re:ADAfaEPoV heard_the_talk in_NB shpitser.ilya</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:fd4992c8dbca/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:missing_data"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:ADAfaEPoV"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:heard_the_talk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:shpitser.ilya"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r428.pdf">
    <title>Testable Implications of Linear Structural Equation Models</title>
    <dc:date>2014-08-01T21:38:34+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r428.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In causal inference, all methods of model learning rely on testable implications, namely, properties of the joint distri- bution that are dictated by the model structure. These con- straints, if not satisfied in the data, allow us to reject or mod- ify the model. Most common methods of testing a linear structural equation model (SEM) rely on the likelihood ra- tio or chi-square test which simultaneously tests all of the restrictions implied by the model. Local constraints, on the other hand, offer increased power (Bollen and Pearl 2013; McDonald 2002) and, in the case of failure, provide the mod- eler with insight for revising the model specification. One strategy of uncovering local constraints in linear SEMs is to search for overidentified path coefficients. While these overi- dentifying constraints are well known, no method has been given for systematically discovering them. In this paper, we extend the half-trek criterion of (Foygel, Draisma, and Drton 2012) to identify a larger set of structural coefficients and use it to systematically discover overidentifying constraints. Still open is the question of whether our algorithm is complete."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB graphical_models statistics pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:3682691d4fab/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v33/mohan14.html">
    <title>On the Testability of Models with Missing Data | AISTATS 2014 | JMLR W&amp;CP</title>
    <dc:date>2014-04-14T22:14:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v33/mohan14.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Graphical models that depict the process by which data are lost are helpful in recovering information from missing data. We address the question of whether any such model can be submitted to a statistical test given that the data available are corrupted by missingness. We present sufficient conditions for testability in missing data applications and note the impediments for testability when data are contaminated by missing entries. Our results strengthen the available tests for MCAR and MAR and further provide tests in the category of MNAR. Furthermore, we provide sufficient conditions to detect the existence of dependence between a variable and its missingness mechanism. We use our results to show that model sensitivity persists in almost all models typically categorized as MNAR."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB missing_data graphical_models hypothesis_testing statistics pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:7b4f4aa5fb74/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:missing_data"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:hypothesis_testing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2343794">
    <title>Missing Data as a Causal Inference Problem by Karthika Mohan, Judea Pearl, Tian Jin :: SSRN</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-14T03:16:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2343794</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We address the problem of deciding whether there exists an unbiased estimator of a given relation Q, when data are missing not at random. We employ a formal representation called "Missingness Graphs" to explicitly portray the causal mechanisms responsible for missingness and to encode dependencies between these mechanisms and the variables being measured. Using this representation, we define the notion of recoverability which ensures that, for a given missingness-graph G and a given query Q an algorithm exists that produces an unbiased estimate of Q. That is, in the limit of large samples, the algorithm should produce an estimate of Q as if no data were missing. We further present conditions that the graph should satisfy in order for recoverability to hold and devise algorithms to detect the presence of these conditions."

--- The title is actually one of the most sarcastic I can remember for a paper. The NIPS version is less pointed:
http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4899-graphical-models-for-inference-with-missing-data]]></description>
<dc:subject>pearl.judea inference_to_latent_objects identifiability graphical_models statistics have_read to_teach:undergrad-ADA in_NB</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:27bfbf20f3ba/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inference_to_latent_objects"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:identifiability"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:undergrad-ADA"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cogs.2013.37.issue-6/issuetoc">
    <title>Cognitive Science - Volume 37, Issue 6 - 2011 Rumelhart Prize Special Issue Honoring Judea Pearl Edited by Steven A. Sloman and Judea Pearl - Wiley Online Library</title>
    <dc:date>2013-12-19T14:58:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cogs.2013.37.issue-6/issuetoc</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>to:NB cognitive_science causal_inference causality graphical_models pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:378a1b548175/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:cognitive_science"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=1054">
    <title>Causal Analysis in Theory and Practice » “But where does the graph come from?”, A rebuttal kit for causal analysts.</title>
    <dc:date>2013-12-17T14:34:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=1054</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Researchers using causal diagrams have surely noticed that, despite a tremendous progress in causal modeling in the past three decades, editors and reviewers persist in raising questions about the usefulness of causal diagrams, noting that their structure is based largely on untested or untestable assumptions and, hence, that they could not serve as a basis for policy evaluation or personal decision-making...."

- The snark at the expense of assumptions about missing data might owe something to D. Rubin's views on causal graphs, though I have not conducted a randomized intervention on either Rubin or Pearl to test this.]]></description>
<dc:subject>causal_inference graphical_models statistics pearl.judea to_teach:undergrad-ADA</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:3a8b4cb507a6/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:undergrad-ADA"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.2013.1.issue-1/jci-2013-0003/jci-2013-0003.xml?format=INT">
    <title>Linear Models: A Useful “Microscope” for Causal Analysis : Journal of Causal Inference</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-10T19:57:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/jci.2013.1.issue-1/jci-2013-0003/jci-2013-0003.xml?format=INT</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This note reviews basic techniques of linear path analysis and demonstrates, using simple examples, how causal phenomena of non-trivial character can be understood, exemplified and analyzed using diagrams and a few algebraic steps. The techniques allow for swift assessment of how various features of the model impact the phenomenon under investigation. This includes: Simpson’s paradox, case–control bias, selection bias, missing data, collider bias, reverse regression, bias amplification, near instruments, and measurement errors."]]></description>
<dc:subject>pearl.judea graphical_models causal_inference regression linear_regression to_teach:undergrad-ADA have_read in_NB</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:37563f5bc7f7/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:regression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:linear_regression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:undergrad-ADA"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=554">
    <title>Causal Analysis in Theory and Practice » Judea Pearl on Potential Outcomes</title>
    <dc:date>2012-12-04T04:25:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=554</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The arrow-phobic exclusion can be compared to a prohibition against the use of ‘multiplication’ in arithmetics. Formally, it is harmless, because one can always replace multiplication with addition (e.g., adding a number to itself n times). Yet practically, those who shun multiplication will not get very far in science."

--- Someday, I will come across a criticism of graphical causal models from Rubin or his school which has more content than Not Invented Here; such a pony must be around _somewhere_.]]></description>
<dc:subject>causal_inference graphical_models pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:b2afb3588845/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6876">
    <title>[1206.6876] Identification of Conditional Interventional Distributions</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-12T17:57:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6876</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The subject of this paper is the elucidation of effects of actions from causal assumptions represented as a directed graph, and statistical knowledge given as a probability distribution. In particular, we are interested in predicting conditional distributions resulting from performing an action on a set of variables and, subsequently, taking measurements of another set. We provide a necessary and sufficient graphical condition for the cases where such distributions can be uniquely computed from the available information, as well as an algorithm which performs this computation whenever the condition holds. Furthermore, we use our results to prove completeness of do-calculus [Pearl, 1995] for the same identification problem."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB causal_inference graphical_models statistics pearl.judea to_teach:undergrad-ADA</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:c20d7dcb6aa0/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:undergrad-ADA"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r395.pdf">
    <title>Regression and Causation: A Critical Examination of Econometrics Textbooks</title>
    <dc:date>2012-07-11T13:03:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r395.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This report surveys six influential econometric textbooks in terms of their math- ematical treatment of causal concepts. It highlights conceptual and notational differ- ences among the authors and points to areas where they deviate significantly from modern standards of causal analysis. We find that econonometric textbooks vary from complete denial to partial acceptance of the causal content of econometric equations and, uniformly, fail to provide coherent mathematical notation that distinguishes causal from statistical concepts. This survey also provides a panoramic view of the state of causal thinking in econometric education which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been surveyed before."

Shorter Uncle Judea: I am sickened by the weakness of your treatment of causality.]]></description>
<dc:subject>causal_inference economics econometrics regression statistics have_skimmed to_teach:undergrad-ADA pearl.judea in_NB</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:4aa635d00c4f/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:econometrics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:regression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_skimmed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:undergrad-ADA"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r400.pdf">
    <title>External Validity: From do-calculus to Transportability across Populations</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-30T05:36:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r400.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The generalizability of empirical findings to new environ- ments, settings or populations, often called “external validity,” is essen- tial in most scientific explorations. This paper treats a particular prob- lem of generalizability, called “transportability”, defined as a license to transfer causal effects learned in experimental studies to a new popula- tion, in which only observational studies can be conducted. We intro- duce a formal representation called “selection diagrams” for expressing knowledge about differences and commonalities between populations of interest and, using this representation, we reduce questions of trans- portability to symbolic derivations in the do-calculus. This reduction yields graph-based procedures for deciding whether causal effects in the target population can be inferred from experimental findings in the study population. When the answer is affirmative, the procedures identify what experimental and observational findings need be obtained from the two populations, and how they can be combined to ensure bias-free transport."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_read causal_inference graphical_models pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:faadd68b982d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.3504">
    <title>[1203.3504] On Measurement Bias in Causal Inference</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-10T14:26:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.3504</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper addresses the problem of measurement errors in causal inference and highlights several algebraic and graphical methods for eliminating systematic bias induced by such errors. In particulars, the paper discusses the control of partially observable confounders in parametric and non parametric models and the computational problem of obtaining bias-free effect estimates in such models."]]></description>
<dc:subject>causal_inference inference_to_latent_objects pearl.judea to_teach:undergrad-ADA statistics via:arthegall in_NB error-in-variables</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:4761849b3244/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inference_to_latent_objects"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:undergrad-ADA"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:arthegall"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:error-in-variables"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r391.pdf">
    <title>&quot;Trygve Haavelmo and the Emergence of Causal Calculus&quot; (Judea Pearl, 2011)</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-11T20:40:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r391.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Haavelmo was the first to recognize the capacity of economic models to guide poli- cies. This paper describes some of the barriers that Haavelmo’s ideas have had (and still have) to overcome, and lays out a logical framework for capturing the relationships between theory, data and policy questions. The mathematical tools that emerge from this framework now enable investigators to answer complex policy and counterfactual questions using embarrassingly simple routines, some by mere inspection of the model’s structure. Several such problems are illustrated by examples, including misspecification tests, identification, mediation and introspection."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB causal_inference economics econometrics haavelmo.trygve pearl.judea graphical_models to_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:725731dc9f42/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:econometrics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:haavelmo.trygve"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=337">
    <title>Causal Analysis in Theory and Practice » Comments on an article by Grice, Shlimgen and Barrett (GSB): “Regarding Causation and Judea Pearl’s Mediation Formula”</title>
    <dc:date>2011-10-01T18:22:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=337</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Uncle Judea sounds a bit testy in this one, but no doubt anyone would be if they had to keep swatting down such pathetic misunderstandings passing for objections.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>causality structural_equations causal_inference pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:e236b39f44e7/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:structural_equations"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/TRIBUTE/pearl-tribute2010.htm">
    <title>TRIBUTE TO JUDEA PEARL: Heuristics, Probability, and Causality</title>
    <dc:date>2010-06-02T03:27:01+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://bayes.cs.ucla.edu/TRIBUTE/pearl-tribute2010.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>books:noted causality causal_inference graphical_models heuristics artificial_intelligence machine_learning statistics pearl.judea via:judea_pearl in_wishlist</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:aaa4cf7ae594/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:graphical_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:heuristics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:artificial_intelligence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:machine_learning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:judea_pearl"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_wishlist"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r356.pdf">
    <title>On a Class of Bias-Amplifying Covariates that Endanger Effect Estimates</title>
    <dc:date>2009-11-10T01:44:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r356.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Those would be _instrumental_ variables.  Implications for the collected scholarly works of S. Levitt left as an exercise for the reader.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>causal_inference regression instrumental_variables pearl.judea</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:5582397bba07/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:regression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:instrumental_variables"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r350.pdf">
    <title>Causal Inference in Statistics: An Overview (Pearl, 2009)</title>
    <dc:date>2009-09-10T01:56:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r350.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Described by Uncle Judea as "A new survey paper, gently summarizing everything I know about causation (in only 43 pages)".
]]></description>
<dc:subject>causality causal_inference statistics pearl.judea blogged have_read</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:3bd06f843c90/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:blogged"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r251.pdf">
    <title>Greenland S, Pearl J, Robins J. Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research. Epidemiology 1999; 10(1):37–48</title>
    <dc:date>2008-12-07T20:16:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r251.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>have_read to_teach:complexity-and-inference causal_inference epidemiology pearl.judea confounding greenland.sander robins.james_m.</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:9ff3265fac86/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:complexity-and-inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:epidemiology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:confounding"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:greenland.sander"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:robins.james_m."/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=61">
    <title>Causal Analysis in Theory and Practice » Remarks on the Method of Propensity Score</title>
    <dc:date>2008-12-07T20:12:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.mii.ucla.edu/causality/?p=61</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Pearl vs. Rubin: "the propensity score is a probabilistic, not a causal concept. Therefore, in the limit of very large sample, PS methods are bound to produce the same bias as straight stratification on the same set of measured covariates. They merely offer an effective way of approaching the asymptotic estimate which, due to the high dimensionality of X, is practically unattainable with straight stratification. Still, the asymptotic estimate is the same in both cases, and may or may not be biased, depending on the set of covariates chosen."]]></description>
<dc:subject>causal_inference propensity_scores pearl.judea rubin.donald_s.</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:e8402479631f/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:propensity_scores"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:rubin.donald_s."/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r284-reprint.pdf">
    <title>Bayesianism and Causality, or, Why I am only a Half-Bayesian (Judea Pearl)</title>
    <dc:date>2008-05-29T20:47:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r284-reprint.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Note the extreme weakness of the sense in which Pearl is even "half-Bayesian"; the blessed St. Jerzy could agree with it.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>pearl.judea bayesianism causality statistics foundations_of_statistics via:nielsen</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:c4f555ff47dd/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:pearl.judea"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:bayesianism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:foundations_of_statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:nielsen"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>