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    <title>Pinboard (cshalizi)</title>
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    <description>recent bookmarks from cshalizi</description>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.nber.org/papers/w33427"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10511482.2024.2321226"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20780389.2022.2106211"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.36.2.123"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.nber.org/papers/w29289"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20191586"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://doi.org/10.1093/0199288917.001.0001"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195074772.001.0001"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691217024/the-european-guilds"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.nber.org/papers/w28059"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.nber.org/papers/w28146"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108859707"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://academic.oup.com/ereh/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ereh/hez015/5687654#.X0bCL3lP9qA.twitter"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvcszztg"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://community.plu.edu/~315j06/doc/markets-other.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7rz25"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wf4dft"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.33.2.51"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo40850448"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316537350"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/political-economy/warfare-wealth-military-origins-urban-prosperity-europe?format=PB&amp;isbn=9781316612590"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.nber.org/papers/w24587"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-history-review/article/slave-trade-and-british-capital-formation-in-the-eighteenth-century-a-comment-on-the-williams-thesis/D1227290775CAA84BB4C468412BB2B92"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://tnsr.org/2018/02/assessing-soviet-economic-performance-cold-war/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11086.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20140832"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://qz.com/968692/luddites-have-been-getting-a-bad-rap-for-200-years-but-turns-out-they-were-right/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/R/bo23465804"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674504776"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.jeremiahdittmar.com/files/dittmar_seabold_print_religion.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2016/09/12/2174415/least-productive-sectors-only-thing-keeping-inflation-going/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://sup.org/books/title/?id=27275"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.bradford-delong.com/2016/07/gunpowder-empire-should-we-generalize-mark-elvins-high-level-equilibrium-trap.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://prospect.org/article/worlds-inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://eh.net/database/international-currencies-1890-1910/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/how-americas-coastal-cities-left-the-heartland-behind/478296/"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/FlandreauJobst2005.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/the-life-of-american-workers-in-1915.htm"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/0002828054201305"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/books/review/the-powers-that-were.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/workers-rights-developing-economies-by-dani-rodrik-2015-12"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10376.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.20130821"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://ac28921b-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/guillermomarshall/SlaveryMaryland_v8.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7cpDUL7eoXUKEx3Td9f1KTOuposlCt0bV4yVFfldg3n-cpHmu4K8NbkPcwFgs9f1TrWFNkq5xGX0jFuzsoQ8KL7NI7uMlHhmq-H-YaoyaGRd7lii6Q050OLaHXBa_k-5tX63BFTGN0cXGsj7GNd_JVz_n7V0WtbTNEpUXca7eBnaRCwmSnp0LeIMuuI_S_BJA0yLf2F-ZOx7rGUIdnFv0GY-jbZ4CkJBF8JfIpGPfGUe1g2DijU%3D&amp;attredirects=0"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10614.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10423.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.nber.org/papers/w20853"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rogoff/files/aer_104-5_50-55.pdf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=978-0199392001"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/americas-assembly-line"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://glineq.blogspot.com/2014/11/three-tricks-used-by-shleifer-and.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://glineq.blogspot.com/2014/11/for-whom-wall-fell-balance-sheet-of.html"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02403.x/abstract"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="http://www.interfluidity.com/v2/5561.html"/>
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  </channel><item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268116301202?via%3Dihub">
    <title>OPEC, the Seven Sisters, and oil market dominance: An evolutionary game theory and agent-based modeling approach - ScienceDirect</title>
    <dc:date>2026-03-27T19:56:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268116301202?via%3Dihub</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["A methodological toolkit comprised of evolutionary game theory and agent-based modeling is used to study OPEC and the Seven Sisters as they struggled for control over global petroleum markets during the 1960s and 1970s. An evolutionary game theory model incorporates heterogeneous populations, energy-specific variables, and behavioral considerations to capture the fundamentals of the applied problem. An agent-based model is used to provide detailed results and demonstrate the importance of the natural resource to the outcome of the model."


]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_read economic_history agent-based_models evolutionary_game_theory via:aeo 20th_century_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:ceba46bcf38f/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:agent-based_models"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:evolutionary_game_theory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:aeo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:20th_century_history"/>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-economics-091823-025129">
    <title>Learning From Ricardo and Thompson: Machinery and Labor in the Early Industrial Revolution and in the Age of Artificial Intelligence | Annual Reviews</title>
    <dc:date>2025-07-11T15:24:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-economics-091823-025129</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["David Ricardo initially believed machinery would help workers but revised his opinion, likely based on the impact of automation in the textile industry. Despite cotton textiles becoming one of the largest sectors in the British economy, real wages for cotton weavers did not rise for decades. As E.P. Thompson emphasized, automation forced workers into unhealthy factories with close surveillance and little autonomy. Automation can increase wages, but only when accompanied by new tasks that raise the marginal productivity of labor and/or when there is sufficient additional hiring in complementary sectors. Wages are unlikely to rise when workers cannot push for their share of productivity growth. Today, artificial intelligence may boost average productivity, but it also may replace many workers while degrading job quality for those who remain employed. As in Ricardo's time, the impact of automation on workers today is more complex than an automatic linkage from higher productivity to better wages."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB industrial_revolution economics economic_history via:henry_farrell acemoglu.daron</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:5e061d6dba07/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:industrial_revolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-economic-history/article/we-do-not-know-the-population-of-every-country-in-the-world-for-the-past-two-thousand-years/D747DDC6E499C799B0471DBE33FEB0BB">
    <title>We Do Not Know the Population of Every Country in the World for the Past Two Thousand Years | The Journal of Economic History | Cambridge Core</title>
    <dc:date>2025-03-10T14:07:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-economic-history/article/we-do-not-know-the-population-of-every-country-in-the-world-for-the-past-two-thousand-years/D747DDC6E499C799B0471DBE33FEB0BB</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Economists have reported results based on populations for every country in the world for the past two thousand years. The source, McEvedy and Jones’ Atlas of World Population History, includes many estimates that are little more than guesses and that do not reflect research since 1978. McEvedy and Jones often infer population sizes from their view of a particular economy, making their estimates poor proxies for economic growth. Their rounding means their measurement error is not “classical.” Some economists augment that error by disaggregating regions in unfounded ways. Econometric results that rest on McEvedy and Jones are unreliable.
"“… we haven’t just pulled the figures out of the sky. Well, not often.”
"—McEvedy and Jones (1978, p. 11)"

--- I want to teach this to The Kids, but it simultaneously expects too much historical knowledge on their part, and would make too many of them nihilists about social science.]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB have_read history economic_history econometrics social_measurement bad_data_collection demography bad_data_analysis to_teach:undergrad-ADA tab_closure</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:b68c7ada7248/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nber.org/papers/w33427">
    <title>The Long-Run Effects of America's Largest Residential Racial Desegregation Program: Gautreaux | NBER</title>
    <dc:date>2025-02-05T14:17:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nber.org/papers/w33427</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper studies the effects of the largest residential racial desegregation initiative in U.S. history, the Gautreaux Assisted Housing Program. From the late 1970s to the 1990s, Gautreaux moved thousands of Black families into predominantly white neighborhoods to support racial and economic integration. We link historical program records to administrative data and use plausibly exogenous variation in neighborhood placements to study how desegregating moves impact children in the long-run. Being placed in the predominantly white neighborhoods targeted by the program significantly increases children’s future lifetime earnings and wealth. These moves also increase the likelihood of marriage and particularly raise the probability of being married to a white spouse. Moreover, placements through Gautreaux impact neighborhood choices in adulthood. Those placed in predominantly white neighborhoods during childhood live in more racially diverse areas with higher rates of upward mobility nearly 40 years later."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_read economics economic_history segregation the_american_dilemma to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2a9fe0d550e4/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.nber.org/papers/w33354">
    <title>Changes in Marital Sorting: Theory and Evidence from the US | NBER</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-21T02:27:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nber.org/papers/w33354</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Positive assortative matching refers to the tendency of individuals with similar characteristics to form partnerships. Measuring the extent to which assortative matching differs between two economies is challenging when the marginal distributions of the characteristic along which sorting takes place (e.g., education) change for either or both sexes. We show how the use of different measures can generate different conclusions. We provide axiomatic characterization for measures such as the odds ratio, normalized trace, and likelihood ratio, and provide a structural economic interpretation of the odds ratio. We then use our approach to consider how marital sorting by education changed between the 1950s and the 1970s cohort, for which both educational attainment and returns in the labor market changed substantially."

--- OOH, the "Mrs. degree" was an old joke when my grandparents went to US colleges in the 1930s.  OTOH, the changing stereotype from the executive marrying his secretary to marrying another executive (who he may have met in college...).]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics assortative_mating economic_history education social_measurement</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2c0dc6f55bb3/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:assortative_mating"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.nber.org/papers/w33330">
    <title>Intergenerational Mobility over Two Centuries | NBER</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-21T02:24:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nber.org/papers/w33330</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper provides an overview of recent empirical and methodological advances in the study of historical intergenerational mobility trends, with a focus on key measurement challenges. These advances are made possible by the recent digitization of historical censuses and new methods of historical record-linking, which have enabled researchers to create large historical samples of parent-child links. We identify three main findings. First, absolute mobility increased in the decades leading up to 1940 but has since declined, both in the US and other industrial countries. Second, recent studies on relative mobility question the classic narrative that the US has transitioned from a “land of opportunity” in the 19th century to a less mobile society today, suggesting that mobility was not as high in the past. However, estimates of relative mobility are sensitive to choices regarding sample selection and measurement. Third, we explore mechanisms underlying shifts in intergenerational mobility over time, including geographic mobility, wealth shocks, educational attainment, locational effects, and the transmission of parent-specific human capital. We conclude by suggesting avenues for future research."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history transmission_of_inequality record_linkage to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:e494fb5c9534/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:transmission_of_inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:record_linkage"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.nber.org/papers/w33355">
    <title>The Gilded Age and Beyond: The Persistence of Elite Wealth in American History | NBER</title>
    <dc:date>2025-01-21T02:06:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nber.org/papers/w33355</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Is the top tail of wealth a set of fixed individuals or is there substantial turnover? We estimate upper-tail wealth dynamics during the Gilded Age and beyond, a time of rapid wealth accumulation and concentration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Using various wealth proxies and data tracking tens of millions of individuals, we find that most extremely wealthy individuals drop out of the top tail within their lifetimes. Yet, elite wealth still matters. We find a non-linear association between grandparental wealth and being in the top 1%, such that having a rich grandparent exponentially increases the likelihood of reaching the top 1%. Still, over 90% of the grandchildren of top 1% wealth grandfathers did not achieve that level."

--- Assume an average of 2 children per male (constant over income and time).  Then the top 1% will have enough grandchildren to populate the top 4%!  It would be very strange if most of them stayed in the top 1%  (You could try to arrange it if they were very, very likely to have multiple grandparents in the top 1%, I guess.)]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB inequality transmission_of_inequality to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination economic_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:ccb5569eac61/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:transmission_of_inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.20241718">
    <title>The Origins of Enduring Economic Inequality - American Economic Association</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-22T03:20:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.20241718</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We survey archaeological evidence suggesting that among hunter-gatherers and farmers in Neolithic western Eurasia (11,700 to 5,300 years ago) elevated levels of wealth inequality occurred but were ephemeral and rare compared to the substantial enduring inequalities of the past five millennia. In response, we seek to understand not the de novo "creation of inequality" but instead the processes by which substantial wealth differences could persist over long periods and why this occurred only at the end of the Neolithic, at least four millennia after the agricultural revolution. Archaeological and anthropological evidence suggests that a culture of aggressive egalitarianism may have thwarted the emergence of enduring wealth inequality until the Late Neolithic, when new farming technologies raised the value of material wealth relative to labor and a concentration of elite power in early proto-states (and eventually the exploitation of enslaved labor) provided the political and economic conditions for heightened wealth inequalities to endure."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination archaeology inequality economic_history economics agriculture slavery bowles.samuel kith_and_kin</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:9079b8b7c44a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:archaeology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:agriculture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:slavery"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:bowles.samuel"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:kith_and_kin"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014498323000463">
    <title>What fraction of antebellum US national product did the enslaved produce? - ScienceDirect</title>
    <dc:date>2024-12-11T16:24:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014498323000463</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This article evaluates the high-profile claim that enslaved African-Americans produced over 50 percent of US national product in the pre-Civil War period. The accounting exercise shows the fraction was closer to (and indeed likely slightly below) the share of the population, that is, about 12.6 percent in 1860. The enslaved population had higher rates of labor force participation, but they were also forced to work in sectors–agriculture and domestic service—with below average output per worker. The economic surplus generated by the enslaved was due chiefly to the low value of the very basic consumption bundle provided rather than to exceptionally high values of production per capita."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economic_history American_history US_civil_war slavery</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:5f354b1f3876/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:American_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:US_civil_war"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:slavery"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10511482.2024.2321226">
    <title>Shifting the Redlining Paradigm: The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation Maps and the Construction of Urban Racial Inequality: Housing Policy Debate: Vol 0, No 0</title>
    <dc:date>2024-03-23T19:17:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10511482.2024.2321226</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["While it is important to recognize the racist roots of contemporary urban conditions and Black disadvantage, the focus on the HOLC redlining maps of the late 1930s, which have become a staple of both research and popular literature, is misplaced. Despite statistical associations between the maps and contemporary measures of racialized disadvantage, extensive research has found no evidence to support a connection between them. Instead, the Second Great Migration and white flight, both acting in the context of the exclusion of Black buyers from the growing suburbs, led to the spatial and economic bifurcation of urban Black populations within cities and the reconfiguration of the formerly predominately white-ethnic redlined areas as segregated areas of concentrated Black poverty. It is that migratory process, rather than any public or private actions based on the maps, which, while racist, principally reflected underlying housing and economic conditions, that account for the associations found in the literature. Today, while redlined areas still tend often to be concentrated poverty areas, the great majority of poor Black households live outside those areas. A focus on the HOLC maps as a driver of contemporary inequities and disadvantage is both poor history and a poor starting point for policies to address today’s persistent racialized inequities."
]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_read cities segregation economic_geography inequality via:rvenkat economic_history to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:60185d886ddd/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:cities"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:segregation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_geography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:rvenkat"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/doi/10.1162/rest_a_01323/115634/Flight-from-Urban-Blight-Lead-Poisoning-Crime-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext">
    <title>Flight from Urban Blight: Lead Poisoning, Crime, and Suburbanization | The Review of Economics and Statistics | MIT Press</title>
    <dc:date>2024-01-08T02:25:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article-abstract/doi/10.1162/rest_a_01323/115634/Flight-from-Urban-Blight-Lead-Poisoning-Crime-and?redirectedFrom=fulltext</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In this paper we study the effect of violent crime on residential and firms location decisions and their implications for segregation in cities. We do so by proposing a new instrument to exogenously predict violent crime in city centers. We base our instrument on chemical and medical evidence that links local characteristics of the soil to lead poisoning and aggression. We show that the increase in violent crime between 1960 and 1990 due to lead poisoning moved almost 8 million people to the suburbs. Firms followed by leaving the city centers. We then show that the suburbanization process was characterized by “white flight”."

--- Really interested to see how they argue the _only_ channel for their instrument is through lead...]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB lead violence economic_history causal_inference</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2800ba1fc860/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:lead"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:violence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:causal_inference"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20780389.2022.2106211">
    <title>Historical African ethnic class stratification systems and intergenerational transmission of education: Economic History of Developing Regions: Vol 0, No 0</title>
    <dc:date>2023-01-23T03:52:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20780389.2022.2106211</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper examines the role of precolonial class inequality systems in the intergenerational transmission of education processes amongst ethnic groups in Africa. Using ethnographic and household survey data from six African countries and grouping ethnic groups by the historical class system that existed within them, I observe variations in intergenerational persistence between them with varying levels of significance in the different countries included. The findings suggest that understanding intergenerational mobility within African countries should take into account the different historical ethnic group characteristics, although the mobility process does not evolve uniformly across countries. Country-specific colonial administrative systems and the immediate post-independence education policies are critical factors that also need to be taken into account to understand the changes in education-based intergenerational persistence from the precolonial to the contemporary period."

--- Last tag is really more of a "to mention in the notes"]]></description>
<dc:subject>transmission_of_inequality economic_history to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination in_NB</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:92ab34c233cf/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:transmission_of_inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/719653">
    <title>The Historical Racial Regime and Racial Inequality in Poverty in the American South1 | American Journal of Sociology: Vol 127, No 6</title>
    <dc:date>2022-07-22T15:09:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/719653</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Building on literatures on racial regimes and the legacy of slavery, this study conceptualizes and constructs a novel measure of the historical racial regime (HRR) and examines how HRR influences contemporary poverty and racial inequality in the American South. The HRR scale measures different manifestations of the U.S. racial regime across different historical periods—slavery and Jim Crow—and is based on state-level institutions including slavery, sharecropping, disfranchisement, and segregation. The analyses use Luxembourg Income Study data (2010–18) for 527,829 Southerners. Results show that residing in a state with stronger HRR is not significantly associated with greater poverty for all and especially not among White Southerners. Rather, a higher level of HRR worsens Black poverty and especially Black-White inequalities in poverty. Further, HRR explains a significant share of the Black-White poverty gap. This study demonstrates the enduring influence of historical state institutions on contemporary poverty and racial inequality."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB american_history institutions inequality racism economics economic_history social_measurement via:steve_durlauf to_read to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2a243abbe14c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:american_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:institutions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:racism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:social_measurement"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:steve_durlauf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.36.2.123">
    <title>Slavery and the Rise of the Nineteenth-Century American Economy - American Economic Association</title>
    <dc:date>2022-05-12T11:06:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.36.2.123</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The essay considers the claim that slavery played a leading role in the acceleration of US economic growth in the nineteenth century. Although popular among pro-slavery apologists, the proposition fails under rigorous historical scrutiny. The slave South discouraged immigration, underinvested in transportation infrastructure, and failed to educate the majority of its population. It is not even clear that the region produced more cotton than it would have under a counterfactual alternative settlement by free family farmers, on the free-state pattern. The grain of truth in recently popular narratives is that many northerners and business interests were complicit in the crime of slavery: routinely engaging in transactions with slaveholders, even promoting activities that facilitated slavery and the domestic slave trade. Complicity complicates simple historical moralism, but it is quite different from the notion that the prosperity of the nation as a whole derived from slavery in any fundamental way."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB have_read economic_history american_history slavery</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:99f148a8b765/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:american_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:slavery"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.nber.org/papers/w29289">
    <title>Mobility for All: Representative Intergenerational Mobility Estimates over the 20th Century | NBER</title>
    <dc:date>2021-12-05T17:04:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nber.org/papers/w29289</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["We present the first estimates of long-run trends in intergenerational relative mobility for samples that are representative of the full U.S.-born population. Harmonizing all surveys that ask about father's occupation and own family income, we develop a mobility measure that allows for the inclusion of non-whites and women for the 1910s–1970s birth cohorts. We show a robust increase in mobility between the 1910s and 1940s cohorts, about half of which is driven by absolute convergence in racial income gaps. We also find that excluding Black Americans, particularly Black women, considerably overstates mobility throughout the 20th century."]]></description>
<dc:subject>transmission_of_inequality inequality economics economic_history naidu.suresh to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination in_NB</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:0816c30ba833/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:transmission_of_inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:naidu.suresh"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014498317302292#">
    <title>Cotton, slavery, and the new history of capitalism - ScienceDirect</title>
    <dc:date>2021-06-28T02:40:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014498317302292#</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The “New History of Capitalism” grounds the rise of industrial capitalism on the production of raw cotton by American slaves. Recent works include Sven Beckert's Empire of Cotton, Walter Johnson's River of Dark Dreams, and Edward Baptist's The Half Has Never Been Told. All three authors mishandle historical evidence and mis-characterize important events in ways that affect their major interpretations on the nature of slavery, the workings of plantations, the importance of cotton and slavery in the broader economy, and the sources of the Industrial Revolution and world development."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economic_history slavery american_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:5b88b715c354/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:slavery"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:american_history"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://carnegieendowment.org/chinafinancialmarkets/68128">
    <title>China and the History of U.S. Growth Models - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</title>
    <dc:date>2021-04-25T21:12:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://carnegieendowment.org/chinafinancialmarkets/68128</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>economic_history china:prc development_economics american_history have_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:357768f06ac2/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:china:prc"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:development_economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:american_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20171611">
    <title>Speculative Fever: Investor Contagion in the Housing Bubble - American Economic Association</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-28T17:21:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20171611</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Historical anecdotes abound of new investors being drawn into a booming asset market, only to suffer when the market turns. While the role of investor contagion in asset bubbles has been explored extensively in the theoretical literature, causal empirical evidence on the topic is much rarer. This paper studies the recent boom and bust in the US housing market and establishes that many novice investors entered the market as a direct result of observing investing activity of multiple forms in their own neighborhoods and that "infected" investors performed poorly relative to other investors along several dimensions."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history finance financial_crisis_of_2007-- information_cascades social_influence contagion re:homophily_and_confounding to_read not_at_all_related_to_current_events</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:c60c9c843f6c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:finance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:financial_crisis_of_2007--"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:information_cascades"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:social_influence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:contagion"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:homophily_and_confounding"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:not_at_all_related_to_current_events"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20191586">
    <title>Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in the United States over Two Centuries - American Economic Association</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-28T17:19:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20191586</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Using millions of father-son pairs spanning more than 100 years of US history, we find that children of immigrants from nearly every sending country have higher rates of upward mobility than children of the US-born. Immigrants' advantage is similar historically and today despite dramatic shifts in sending countries and US immigration policy. Immigrants achieve this advantage in part by choosing to settle in locations that offer better prospects for their children."]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics economic_history transmission_of_inequality in_NB migration</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:a1879410488b/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:transmission_of_inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:migration"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://doi.org/10.1093/0199288917.001.0001">
    <title>From Marx and Mao to the Market: The Economics and Politics of Agricultural Transition - Oxford Scholarship</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-25T16:45:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://doi.org/10.1093/0199288917.001.0001</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The changes which led to the emergence of China as a global economic powerhouse, the integration of ten Central and Eastern European countries into the European Union (EU) and the uncertain path of Russia towards a market economy all started with the agricultural reforms in the Chinese countryside in the late 1970s. Since then, the changes have occurred so fast and the impact has been so vast that the importance of understanding the forces that unleashed this process, how these changes became possible, and the lessons for other developing countries cannot be overestimated. This book analyzes the economics and politics of agricultural reforms by comparing reform processes, their causes and effects across this vast region. The authors draw on a wide range of studies and new data, which compare reforms and economic impacts in more than 25 countries. They present a series of conclusions and implications on the role of economic reforms in growth, and the importance of initial conditions and political constraints in explaining the choices that were made and their effects."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted ussr china:prc agriculture communism economics economic_history re:in_soviet_union_optimization_problem_solves_you</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:ee8b0b86498b/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:ussr"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:china:prc"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:agriculture"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:communism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:in_soviet_union_optimization_problem_solves_you"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195074772.001.0001">
    <title>Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress - Oxford Scholarship</title>
    <dc:date>2021-01-23T06:12:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195074772.001.0001</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In a world of supercomputers, genetic engineering, and fiber optics, technological creativity is ever more the key to economic success. But why are some nations more creative than others, and why do some highly innovative societies—such as ancient China, or Britain in the industrial revolution—pass into stagnation? Beginning with a history of technological progress, the book traces the major inventions and innovations that have transformed society since ancient Greece and Rome. What emerges from this survey is often surprising: the classical world, for instance, was largely barren of new technology; the relatively backward society of medieval Europe bristled with inventions; and the period between the Reformation and the Industrial Revolution was one of slow and unspectacular progress in technology, despite the tumultuous developments associated with the Voyages of Discovery and the Scientific Revolution. The author distinguishes between the relationship of inventors and their physical environment—which determined their willingness to challenge nature—and the social environment, which determined the openness to new ideas. He examines the differences between Europe and China, between classical antiquity and medieval Europe, and between Britain and the rest of Europe during the industrial revolution. The author also examines such aspects as the role of the state (the Chinese gave up a millennium-wide lead in shipping to the Europeans, for example, when an Emperor banned large ocean-going vessels), the impact of science, as well as religion, politics, and even nutrition. He questions the importance of such commonly cited factors as the spill-over benefits of war, the abundance of natural resources, life expectancy, and labor costs."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted to_read economic_history technological_change mokyr.joel to_download</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:a8ee741041b4/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:technological_change"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:mokyr.joel"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_download"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691217024/the-european-guilds">
    <title>The European Guilds | Princeton University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2020-12-22T19:43:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691217024/the-european-guilds</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Guilds ruled many crafts and trades from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, and have always attracted debate and controversy. They were sometimes viewed as efficient institutions that guaranteed quality and skills. But they also excluded competitors, manipulated markets, and blocked innovations. Did the advantages of guilds outweigh their costs? Analyzing thousands of guilds from 1000 to 1880, The European Guilds answers that question with vivid examples and clear economic reasoning. Sheilagh Ogilvie features the voices of honourable guild masters, underpaid journeymen, exploited apprentices, shady officials, and outraged customers, and follows the stories of the “vile encroachers”—women, migrants, Jews, gypsies, bastards, and others—desperate to work but hunted down by the guilds as illicit competitors. The European Guilds analyzes the toxic complicity between guild members and political elites, and shows how privileged institutions and exclusive networks prey on prosperity and stifle growth."

--- The last sentence is really something.]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history institutions</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:f73bf2bae958/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:institutions"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.nber.org/papers/w28059">
    <title>Persistence and Path Dependence in the Spatial Economy | NBER</title>
    <dc:date>2020-12-01T01:44:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nber.org/papers/w28059</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["How much of the spatial distribution of economic activity today is determined by history rather than by geographic fundamentals? And if history matters for the distribution, does it also affect overall efficiency? This paper develops a tractable theoretical and empirical framework that aims to provide answers to these questions. We derive conditions on the strength of agglomeration externalities, valid for any geography, under which temporary historical shocks can have extremely persistent effects and even permanent consequences (path dependence). We also obtain new analytical expressions, functions of the particular geography in question, that bound the aggregate welfare level that can be sustained in any steady-state, thereby bounding the potential impact of history. Our simulations—based on parameters estimated from spatial variation across U.S. counties from 1800-2000—imply that small variations in historical conditions have substantial consequences for both the spatial distribution and the efficiency of U.S. economic activity, both today and in the long-run."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_geography economic_history path_dependence spatio-temporal_statistics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:81f92f891101/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_geography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:path_dependence"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:spatio-temporal_statistics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.nber.org/papers/w28146">
    <title>Race, Risk, and the Emergence of Federal Redlining | NBER</title>
    <dc:date>2020-12-01T01:33:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nber.org/papers/w28146</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["During the late 1930s, the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) created a series of maps designed to summarize spatial variation in the riskiness of mortgage lending in different neighborhoods. The HOLC maps, in conjunction with contemporaneous maps produced by the Federal Housing Agency (FHA), are at the center of debates regarding the long-run impacts of government-imposed redlining, particularly because black households were concentrated in the highest risk zones on these maps. This concentration, combined with the fact that these formerly redlined neighborhoods largely remain economically distressed today, suggest racial bias in the construction of the maps has had important effects over the long run. Using newly digitized data for ten major northern cities, we assess the maps for the importance of this channel in explaining the prevalence of black residents in redlined neighborhoods. We find that racial bias in the construction of the HOLC maps can explain at most a small fraction of the observed concentration of black households in redlined zones. Instead, our results suggest that the majority of black households were redlined because decades of disadvantage and discrimination had already pushed them in to the core of economically distressed neighborhoods prior to the government’s direct involvement in mortgage markets. As a result, the HOLC maps are best viewed as providing clear evidence of how decades of unequal treatment effectively limited where black households lived in the 1930s rather than reflecting racial bias in the construction of the maps themselves. We argue that the systemized treatment of neighborhood risk vis-à-vis mortgage lending that was adopted by HOLC and the FHA may have played a central role in locking these patterns of inequality in place."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB racism real_estate american_history economic_history spatial_statistics to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:b3361d47708d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:racism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:real_estate"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:american_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:spatial_statistics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:statistics_of_inequality_and_discrimination"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030204">
    <title>History, Microdata, and Endogenous Growth | Annual Review of Economics</title>
    <dc:date>2020-11-19T05:18:40+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030204</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The study of economic growth is concerned with long-run changes, and therefore, historical data should be especially influential in informing the development of new theories. In this review, we draw on the recent literature to highlight areas in which study of history has played a particularly prominent role in improving our understanding of growth dynamics. Research at the intersection of historical data, theory, and empirics has the potential to reframe how we think about economic growth in much the same way that historical perspectives helped to shape the first generation of endogenous growth theories."

]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economic_history economic_growth</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:93e10dcd102c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_growth"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108859707">
    <title>The Organization of Ancient Economies</title>
    <dc:date>2020-11-09T22:05:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108859707</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>to:NB books:noted history economics economic_history ancient_history to_read re:in_soviet_union_optimization_problem_solves_you books:suggest_to_library</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:f35bee231e72/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:ancient_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:in_soviet_union_optimization_problem_solves_you"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:suggest_to_library"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://academic.oup.com/ereh/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ereh/hez015/5687654#.X0bCL3lP9qA.twitter">
    <title>reassessment of the Great Divergence debate: towards a reconciliation of apparently distinct determinants | European Review of Economic History | Oxford Academic</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-09T17:49:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://academic.oup.com/ereh/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/ereh/hez015/5687654#.X0bCL3lP9qA.twitter</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This article looks at the most recent data to define when the Little and Great Divergence occurred. It sorts the deep determinants of economic development into three categories (biogeography, culture-institutions, and contingency-conjuncture) to provides a comprehensive review of these factors in the context of the Great Divergence, and it discusses the concepts of persistence and reversal of fortune. The paper concludes that the Great Divergence was never an inevitability but became an increasingly likely prospect as time progressed. Furthermore, biogeography, culture-institutions, and contingency-conjuncture are not contradictory hypotheses. Rather, there is a clear pattern of change over time of the relative importance of these three categories of determinants. Further research is needed to uncover the underlying causal link or latent variable that could explain the successive relative importance over time of biogeographical, cultural–institutional, and contingent–conjunctural determinants of the Great Divergence."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economic_history great_transformation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:372807916142/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1vwmh9g">
    <title>Money: Whence It Came, Where It Went on JSTOR</title>
    <dc:date>2020-01-27T00:37:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1vwmh9g</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>to:NB books:recommended economics economic_history finance galbraith.john_kenneth downloaded</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:c3728407c662/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:recommended"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:finance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:galbraith.john_kenneth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:downloaded"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvcszztg">
    <title>The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger - Second Edition with a new chapter by the author on JSTOR</title>
    <dc:date>2020-01-25T05:34:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvcszztg</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[http://bactra.org/weblog/algae-2015-07.html#the-box]]></description>
<dc:subject>books:recommended globalization infrastructure technological_change economic_history the_present_before_it_was_widely_distributed downloaded</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:0c115845373f/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:recommended"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:globalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:infrastructure"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:technological_change"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:the_present_before_it_was_widely_distributed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:downloaded"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://community.plu.edu/~315j06/doc/markets-other.pdf">
    <title>Markets and Other Allocation Systems in History: The Challenge of Karl Polanyi (Douglass North)</title>
    <dc:date>2019-09-26T17:35:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://community.plu.edu/~315j06/doc/markets-other.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This is awesome.]]></description>
<dc:subject>to_read economics economic_history institutions polanyi.karl north.douglass via:henry_farrell in_NB</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:1c94cc5c2a6a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:institutions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:polanyi.karl"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:north.douglass"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:henry_farrell"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7rz25">
    <title>The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy on JSTOR</title>
    <dc:date>2019-08-22T21:56:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7rz25</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>to_read in_NB downloaded books:noted 18th_century_history industrial_revolution great_transformation enlightenment institutions social_life_of_the_mind knowledge_as_a_factor_of_production economic_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:289399821f19/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:downloaded"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:18th_century_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:industrial_revolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:enlightenment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:institutions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:social_life_of_the_mind"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:knowledge_as_a_factor_of_production"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wf4dft">
    <title>A Culture of Growth: The Origins of the Modern Economy on JSTOR</title>
    <dc:date>2019-08-22T04:54:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wf4dft</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>to:NB books:noted to_read mokyr.joel 18th_century_history 19th_century_history great_transformation social_life_of_the_mind cultural_evolution enlightenment industrial_revolution economic_history downloaded</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:6693008188fa/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:mokyr.joel"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:18th_century_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:19th_century_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:social_life_of_the_mind"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:cultural_evolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:enlightenment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:industrial_revolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:downloaded"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.33.2.51">
    <title>&quot;Automation&quot; of Manufacturing in the Late Nineteenth Century: The Hand and Machine Labor Study</title>
    <dc:date>2019-05-26T01:57:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.33.2.51</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Recent advances in artificial intelligence and robotics have generated a robust debate about the future of work. An analogous debate occurred in the late nineteenth century when mechanization first transformed manufacturing. We analyze an extraordinary dataset from the late nineteenth century, the Hand and Machine Labor study carried out by the US Department of Labor in the mid-1890s. We focus on transitions at the task level from hand to machine production, and on the impact of inanimate power, especially of steam power, on labor productivity. Our analysis sheds light on the ability of modern task-based models to account for the effects of historical mechanization."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history great_transformation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:bfc998ef40a7/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo40850448">
    <title>A Fistful of Shells: West Africa from the Rise of the Slave Trade to the Age of Revolution, Green</title>
    <dc:date>2019-05-17T00:47:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo40850448</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["By the time the “Scramble for Africa” among European colonial powers began in the late nineteenth century, Africa had already been globally connected for centuries. Its gold had fueled the economies of Europe and the Islamic world for nearly a millennium, and the sophisticated kingdoms spanning its west coast had traded with Europeans since the fifteenth century. Until at least 1650, this was a trade of equals, using a variety of currencies—most importantly, cowrie shells imported from the Maldives and nzimbu shells imported from Brazil. But, as the slave trade grew, African kingdoms began to lose prominence in the growing global economy. We have been living with the effects of this shift ever since. 
"With A Fistful of Shells, Toby Green transforms our view of West and West-Central Africa by reconstructing the world of these kingdoms, which revolved around trade, diplomacy, complex religious beliefs, and the production of art. Green shows how the slave trade led to economic disparities that caused African kingdoms to lose relative political and economic power. The concentration of money in the hands of Atlantic elites in and outside these kingdoms brought about a revolutionary nineteenth century in Africa, parallel to the upheavals then taking place in Europe and America. Yet political fragmentation following the fall of African aristocracies produced radically different results as European colonization took hold.
"Drawing not just on written histories, but on archival research in nine countries, art, oral history, archaeology, and letters, Green lays bare the transformations that have shaped world politics and the global economy since the fifteenth century and paints a new and masterful portrait of West Africa, past and present."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted world_history african_history early_modern_world_history economic_history slavery</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:4d67019df42e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:world_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:african_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:early_modern_world_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:slavery"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316537350">
    <title>The Aztec Economic World by Kenneth G. Hirth</title>
    <dc:date>2019-01-06T02:37:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316537350</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This study explores the organization, scale, complexity, and integration of Aztec commerce across Mesoamerica at Spanish contact. The aims of the book are threefold. The first is to construct an in-depth understanding of the economic organization of precolumbian Aztec society and how it developed in the way that it did. The second is to explore the livelihoods of the individuals who bought, sold, and moved goods across a cultural landscape that lacked both navigable rivers and animal transport. Finally, this study models Aztec economy in a way that facilitates its comparison to other ancient and premodern societies around the world.  What makes the Aztec economy unique is that it developed one of the most sophisticated market economies in the ancient world in a society with one of the worse transportation systems. This is the first book to provide an updated and comprehensive view of the Aztec economy in thirty years."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted native_american_history economic_history economics aztec_empire economic_geography re:in_soviet_union_optimization_problem_solves_you imperialism</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:ef71955948df/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:native_american_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:aztec_empire"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_geography"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:in_soviet_union_optimization_problem_solves_you"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:imperialism"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/political-economy/warfare-wealth-military-origins-urban-prosperity-europe?format=PB&amp;isbn=9781316612590">
    <title>Warfare wealth military origins urban prosperity europe | Political economy | Cambridge University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2018-12-14T17:16:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/political-economy/warfare-wealth-military-origins-urban-prosperity-europe?format=PB&amp;isbn=9781316612590</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The economic rise of Europe over the past millennium represents a major human breakthrough. To explain this phenomenon, this book highlights a counterintuitive yet central feature of Europe's historical landscape: warfare. Historical warfare inflicted numerous costs on rural populations. Security was a traditional function of the city. To mitigate the high costs of conflict in the countryside, rural populations migrated to urban centers. Over time, the city's historical role as a safe harbor translated into local economic development through several channels, including urban political freedoms and human capital accumulation. To make this argument, the book performs a wide-ranging analysis of a novel quantitative database that spans more than one thousand years, from the fall of the Carolingian Empire to today. The book's study of urban Europe's historical path from warfare to wealth provides a new way to think about the process of long-run economic and political development."

--- I'm sure to read this, but I can't begin to see how a data set about _one_ region (i.e., Europe) can answer a question that's inherently about comparisons _across_ regions (i.e., the whole of the "Old World Oecumene").]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted economic_history war history early_modern_european_history great_transformation mother_courage_raises_the_west color_me_skeptical</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2811318d9414/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:war"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:early_modern_european_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:mother_courage_raises_the_west"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:color_me_skeptical"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nber.org/papers/w24587">
    <title>Unions and Inequality Over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-13T13:34:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nber.org/papers/w24587</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["It is well-documented that, since at least the early twentieth century, U.S. income inequality has varied inversely with union density. But moving beyond this aggregate relationship has proven difficult, in part because of the absence of micro-level data on union membership prior to 1973. We develop a new source of micro-data on union membership, opinion polls primarily from Gallup (N ≈ 980, 000), to look at the effects of unions on inequality from 1936 to the present. First, we present a new time series of household union membership from this period. Second, we use these data to show that, throughout this period, union density is inversely correlated with the relative skill of union members. When density was at its peak in the 1950s and 1960s, union members were relatively less-skilled, whereas today and in the pre-World War II period, union members are equally skilled as non-members. Third, we estimate union household income premiums over this same period, finding that despite large changes in union density and selection, the premium holds steady, at roughly 15–20 log points, over the past eighty years. Finally, we present a number of direct results that, across a variety of identifying assumptions, suggest unions have had a significant, equalizing effect on the income distribution over our long sample period."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history inequality unions class_struggles_in_america naidu.suresh labor</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:e9bc3b7bf459/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:unions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:class_struggles_in_america"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:naidu.suresh"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:labor"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-history-review/article/slave-trade-and-british-capital-formation-in-the-eighteenth-century-a-comment-on-the-williams-thesis/D1227290775CAA84BB4C468412BB2B92">
    <title>The Slave Trade and British Capital Formation in the Eighteenth Century: A Comment on the Williams Thesis* | Business History Review | Cambridge Core</title>
    <dc:date>2018-04-18T18:42:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-history-review/article/slave-trade-and-british-capital-formation-in-the-eighteenth-century-a-comment-on-the-williams-thesis/D1227290775CAA84BB4C468412BB2B92</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Professor Engerman constructs estimates of relevant data in order to test the assertion that profits from the slave trade provided the capital which financed the Industrial Revolution in England."

--- The last tag is tentative, but AEO has convinced me to at least explore using the Williams Thesis as a teaching example in the new class...]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_read industrial_revolution capitalism slavery economic_history time_series to_teach:data_over_space_and_time</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2afbad34b430/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:industrial_revolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:capitalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:slavery"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:time_series"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:data_over_space_and_time"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://tnsr.org/2018/02/assessing-soviet-economic-performance-cold-war/">
    <title>Assessing Soviet Economic Performance During the Cold War: A Failure of Intelligence? - Texas National Security Review</title>
    <dc:date>2018-02-11T01:51:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://tnsr.org/2018/02/assessing-soviet-economic-performance-cold-war/</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>economic_history ussr history_of_ideas cold_war why_oh_why_cant_we_have_a_better_intelligentsia</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:83f088f5c331/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:ussr"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:history_of_ideas"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:cold_war"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:why_oh_why_cant_we_have_a_better_intelligentsia"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11086.html">
    <title>Haskel, J. and Westlake, S.: Capitalism without Capital: The Rise of the Intangible Economy (Hardcover and eBook) | Princeton University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2017-12-08T18:49:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://press.princeton.edu/titles/11086.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Early in the twenty-first century, a quiet revolution occurred. For the first time, the major developed economies began to invest more in intangible assets, like design, branding, R&D, and software, than in tangible assets, like machinery, buildings, and computers. For all sorts of businesses, from tech firms and pharma companies to coffee shops and gyms, the ability to deploy assets that one can neither see nor touch is increasingly the main source of long-term success.
"But this is not just a familiar story of the so-called new economy. Capitalism without Capital shows that the growing importance of intangible assets has also played a role in some of the big economic changes of the last decade. The rise of intangible investment is, Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake argue, an underappreciated cause of phenomena from economic inequality to stagnating productivity.
"Haskel and Westlake bring together a decade of research on how to measure intangible investment and its impact on national accounts, showing the amount different countries invest in intangibles, how this has changed over time, and the latest thinking on how to assess this. They explore the unusual economic characteristics of intangible investment, and discuss how these features make an intangible-rich economy fundamentally different from one based on tangibles."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted economics economic_history market_failures_in_everything</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:22aa98cf20e8/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:market_failures_in_everything"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20140832">
    <title>The Wind of Change: Maritime Technology, Trade, and Economic Development</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-01T15:22:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20140832</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The 1870-1913 period marked the birth of the first era of trade globalization. How did this tremendous increase in trade affect economic development? This work isolates a causality channel by exploiting the fact that the introduction of the steamship in the shipping industry produced an asymmetric change in trade distances among countries. Before this invention, trade routes depended on wind patterns. The steamship reduced shipping costs and time in a disproportionate manner across countries and trade routes. Using this source of variation and novel data on shipping, trade, and development, I find that (i) the adoption of the steamship had a major impact on patterns of trade worldwide; (ii) only a small number of countries, characterized by more inclusive institutions, benefited from trade integration; and (iii) globalization was the major driver of the economic divergence between the rich and the poor portions of the world in the years 1850-1900."

--- For "characterized by more inclusive institutions", read "characterized by imperial power"?]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history globalization imperialism 19th_century_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:a5590512eac3/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:globalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:imperialism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:19th_century_history"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://qz.com/968692/luddites-have-been-getting-a-bad-rap-for-200-years-but-turns-out-they-were-right/">
    <title>Luddites have been getting a bad rap for 200 years. But, turns out, they were right — Quartz</title>
    <dc:date>2017-06-20T21:55:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://qz.com/968692/luddites-have-been-getting-a-bad-rap-for-200-years-but-turns-out-they-were-right/</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>economic_history economics have_read luddites technological_change technological_unemployment</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:a29e85669f71/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:luddites"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:technological_change"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:technological_unemployment"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/R/bo23465804">
    <title>Reconstructing Karl Polanyi, Dale</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-06T16:55:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/R/bo23465804</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Karl Polanyi was one of the most influential political economists of the twentieth-century and is widely regarded as the most gifted of social democrat theorists. In Reconstructing Karl Polanyi, Gareth Dale draws upon primary sources archived in the countries that Polanyi called home—Hungary, Austria, Britain, the United States, and Canada—to provide a sweeping survey of his contribution to the social sciences.
"Polanyi’s intellectual and political outlook can best be summarized through paradoxical formulations such as ‘romantic modernist’, ‘liberal socialist’, and ‘cosmopolitan patriot.’ In exploring these paradoxes, Dale excavates and reconstructs Polanyi’s views on a range of topics that have been neglected in the critical literature, including Keynesian economic policy, the evolution and dynamics of Stalin’s Russia, regional integration, and McCarthyism. He reinterprets Polanyi’s philosophy of history, his theory of democracy, and his economic historiography of Ancient Greece and Mesopotamia, and guides readers through Polyani's critical dialogue with Marxism.  
"While the central threads and motifs of this study are intellectual-historiographical in nature, Dale also critically analyzes the views of Polanyi and his followers on issues of pressing present-day relevance, notably the clash between democracy and capitalism, and the nature and trajectory of European unification."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted lives_of_the_scholars economics economic_history polyani.karl progressive_forces</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:d49e4ca6ef58/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:lives_of_the_scholars"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:polyani.karl"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:progressive_forces"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674504776">
    <title>After Piketty — Heather Boushey, J. Bradford DeLong, Marshall Steinbaum | Harvard University Press</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-01T21:50:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674504776</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century is the most widely discussed work of economics in recent history, selling millions of copies in dozens of languages. But are its analyses of inequality and economic growth on target? Where should researchers go from here in exploring the ideas Piketty pushed to the forefront of global conversation? A cast of economists and other social scientists tackle these questions in dialogue with Piketty, in what is sure to be a much-debated book in its own right.
"After Piketty opens with a discussion by Arthur Goldhammer, the book’s translator, of the reasons for Capital’s phenomenal success, followed by the published reviews of Nobel laureates Paul Krugman and Robert Solow. The rest of the book is devoted to newly commissioned essays that interrogate Piketty’s arguments. Suresh Naidu and other contributors ask whether Piketty said enough about power, slavery, and the complex nature of capital. Laura Tyson and Michael Spence consider the impact of technology on inequality. Heather Boushey, Branko Milanovic, and others consider topics ranging from gender to trends in the global South. Emmanuel Saez lays out an agenda for future research on inequality, while a variety of essayists examine the book’s implications for the social sciences more broadly. Piketty replies to these questions in a substantial concluding chapter."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted coveted economics inequality political_economy economic_history delong.brad naidu.suresh piketty.thomas in_library</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:94dbdc6b95b9/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:coveted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:political_economy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:delong.brad"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:naidu.suresh"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:piketty.thomas"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_library"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.jeremiahdittmar.com/files/dittmar_seabold_print_religion.pdf">
    <title>Media, Markets, and Radical Ideas: Evidence from the Protestant Reformation</title>
    <dc:date>2016-11-16T02:10:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.jeremiahdittmar.com/files/dittmar_seabold_print_religion.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This research studies the role of economic competition in the diffusion of ideas that challenged an ideological monopoly and powerful elites during the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther circulated his initial arguments for reform in 1517. We assemble data on all known books and pamphlets printed in German-speaking Europe between 1454 and 1600 and provide a new measure of religious ideas in the media. We document a dramatic shift towards Protestant ideas after 1517 in cities with competitive media markets, but not in cities with media monopolies. We find that competition in media markets mattered most for the diffusion of Protestant ideas where formal political freedom was more restricted. We study the relationship between competition and diffusion directly and using the deaths of printers to isolate plausibly exogenous variation in competition. The diffusion of Protestant ideas in the media preceded and predicts the institutionalization of the Reformation in municipal law."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_read the_printing_press_as_an_agent_of_change early_modern_european_history printing epidemiology_of_representations economic_history re:do-institutions-evolve re:democratic_cognition via:henry_farrell</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:b5f7da956004/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:the_printing_press_as_an_agent_of_change"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:early_modern_european_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:printing"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:epidemiology_of_representations"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:do-institutions-evolve"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:re:democratic_cognition"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:henry_farrell"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2016/09/12/2174415/least-productive-sectors-only-thing-keeping-inflation-going/">
    <title>Least productive sectors only thing keeping inflation going | FT Alphaville</title>
    <dc:date>2016-09-15T17:17:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2016/09/12/2174415/least-productive-sectors-only-thing-keeping-inflation-going/</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>economics inflation economic_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:1a0539bc3307/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inflation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://sup.org/books/title/?id=27275">
    <title>Borderland Capitalism: Turkestan Produce, Qing Silver, and the Birth of an Eastern Market | Kwangmin Kim</title>
    <dc:date>2016-08-15T20:36:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://sup.org/books/title/?id=27275</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Scholars have long been puzzled by why Muslim landowners in Central Asia, called begs, stayed loyal to the Qing empire when its political legitimacy and military power were routinely challenged. Borderland Capitalism argues that converging interests held them together: the local Qing administration needed the Turkic begs to develop resources and raise military revenue while the begs needed access to the Chinese market.
"Drawing upon multilingual sources and archival material, Kwangmin Kim shows how the begs aligned themselves with the Qing to strengthen their own plantation-like economic system. As controllers of food supplies, commercial goods, and human resources, the begs had the political power to dictate the fortunes of governments in the region. Their political choice to cooperate with the Qing promoted an expansion of the Qing's emerging international trade at the same time that Europe was developing global capitalism and imperialism. Borderland Capitalism shows the Qing empire as a quintessentially early modern empire and points the way toward a new understanding of the rise of a global economy."]]></description>
<dc:subject>books:noted china central_asia imperialism economic_history in_NB xinjiang</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:7940661317d3/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:china"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:central_asia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:imperialism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:xinjiang"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.bradford-delong.com/2016/07/gunpowder-empire-should-we-generalize-mark-elvins-high-level-equilibrium-trap.html">
    <title>&quot;Gunpowder Empire&quot;: Should We Generalize Mark Elvin's High-Level Equilibrium Trap?</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-27T12:44:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bradford-delong.com/2016/07/gunpowder-empire-should-we-generalize-mark-elvins-high-level-equilibrium-trap.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Brad has saved me from writing a post (but not, perhaps, from promulgating a pet semi-crank notion).]]></description>
<dc:subject>economic_history great_transformation delong.brad industrial_revolution equilibrium_traps</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:1c20e61f014c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:delong.brad"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:industrial_revolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:equilibrium_traps"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://prospect.org/article/worlds-inequality">
    <title>Worlds of Inequality</title>
    <dc:date>2016-05-22T15:47:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://prospect.org/article/worlds-inequality</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>book_reviews inequality globalization economics economic_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:e98a57480398/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:book_reviews"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:globalization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://eh.net/database/international-currencies-1890-1910/">
    <title>International Currencies 1890-1910</title>
    <dc:date>2016-04-19T13:45:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://eh.net/database/international-currencies-1890-1910/</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Data set underlying the "Ties that Divide" paper, https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:8027cc78db0d]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics economic_history finance network_data_analysis data_sets to_teach:baby-nets</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:83c55f6b0491/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:finance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:network_data_analysis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:data_sets"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:baby-nets"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/how-americas-coastal-cities-left-the-heartland-behind/478296/">
    <title>How America’s Coastal Cities Left the Heartland Behind - The Atlantic</title>
    <dc:date>2016-04-18T23:22:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/how-americas-coastal-cities-left-the-heartland-behind/478296/</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>have_read st._louis economic_history economics whats_gone_wrong_with_america market_failures_in_everything</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:8027cc78db0d/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:st._louis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:whats_gone_wrong_with_america"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:market_failures_in_everything"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/FlandreauJobst2005.pdf">
    <title>The Ties that Divide: A Network Analysis of the International Monetary System, 1890--1910</title>
    <dc:date>2016-04-18T22:39:38+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/FlandreauJobst2005.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Neat-looking data set about the flow of exchange rate information around 1900, and block-models.]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economic_history economics finance social_networks community_discovery to_teach:baby-nets via:phnk have_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:483c7993ad27/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:finance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:social_networks"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:community_discovery"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:baby-nets"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:phnk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/the-life-of-american-workers-in-1915.htm">
    <title>The life of American workers in 1915 : Monthly Labor Review: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-29T19:00:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/the-life-of-american-workers-in-1915.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>economic_history american_history 20th_century_history the_present_before_it_was_widely_distributed the_singularity_has_happened via:? have_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:3b322a3c671b/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:american_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:20th_century_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:the_present_before_it_was_widely_distributed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:the_singularity_has_happened"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:?"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/0002828054201305">
    <title>AEAweb: AER (95,3) p. 546 - The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth</title>
    <dc:date>2016-01-28T22:04:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/0002828054201305</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The rise of Western Europe after 1500 is due largely to growth in countries with access to the Atlantic Ocean and with substantial trade with the New World, Africa, and Asia via the Atlantic. This trade and the associated colonialism affected Europe not only directly, but also indirectly by inducing institutional change. Where "initial" political institutions (those established before 1500) placed significant checks on the monarchy, the growth of Atlantic trade strengthened merchant groups by constraining the power of the monarchy, and helped merchants obtain changes in institutions to protect property rights. These changes were central to subsequent economic growth."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history institutions economic_growth to_teach:undergrad-ADA via:jbdelong have_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:55b51ec6d05a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:institutions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_growth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_teach:undergrad-ADA"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:jbdelong"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/books/review/the-powers-that-were.html">
    <title>Paul Krugman Reviews ‘The Rise and Fall of American Growth’ by Robert J. Gordon - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2016-01-25T20:49:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/31/books/review/the-powers-that-were.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Book page: http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10544.html]]></description>
<dc:subject>book_reviews books:noted the_singularity_has_happened economic_history economic_growth history_of_technology economics</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2f063e86e426/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:book_reviews"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:the_singularity_has_happened"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_growth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:history_of_technology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/workers-rights-developing-economies-by-dani-rodrik-2015-12">
    <title>The Evolution of Work by Dani Rodrik - Project Syndicate</title>
    <dc:date>2015-12-11T18:12:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/workers-rights-developing-economies-by-dani-rodrik-2015-12</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>economics labor economic_history political_economy rodrik.dani have_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:6b31702fa1b9/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:labor"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:political_economy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:rodrik.dani"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10376.html">
    <title>Bresson, A.; Rendall, S.,: The Making of the Ancient Greek Economy: Institutions, Markets, and Growth in the City-States. (eBook and Hardcover)</title>
    <dc:date>2015-11-17T06:21:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10376.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This comprehensive introduction to the ancient Greek economy revolutionizes our understanding of the subject and its possibilities. Alain Bresson is one of the world’s leading authorities in the field, and he is helping to redefine it. Here he combines a thorough knowledge of ancient sources with innovative new approaches grounded in recent economic historiography to provide a detailed picture of the Greek economy between the last century of the Archaic Age and the closing of the Hellenistic period. Focusing on the city-state, which he sees as the most important economic institution in the Greek world, Bresson addresses all of the city-states rather than only Athens.
"An expanded and updated English edition of an acclaimed work originally published in French, the book offers a groundbreaking new theoretical framework for studying the economy of ancient Greece; presents a masterful survey and analysis of the most important economic institutions, resources, and other factors; and addresses some major historiographical debates. Among the many topics covered are climate, demography, transportation, agricultural production, market institutions, money and credit, taxes, exchange, long-distance trade, and economic growth."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted economic_history ancient_history</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2fa6f242a1f3/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:ancient_history"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.20130821">
    <title>AEAweb: AER (105,8) p. 2695 - In the Name of the Son (and the Daughter): Intergenerational Mobility in the United States, 1850-1940</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-06T17:04:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.20130821</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["This paper estimates historical intergenerational elasticities between fathers and children of both sexes in the United States using a novel empirical strategy. The key insight of our approach is that the information about socioeconomic status conveyed by first names can be used to create pseudo-links across generations. We find that both father-son and father-daughter elasticities were flat during the nineteenth century, increased sharply between 1900 and 1920, and declined slightly thereafter. We discuss the role of regional disparities in economic development, trends in inequality and returns to human capital, and the marriage market in explaining these patterns."

--- I will be interested to see how exactly the do status-estimation-by-first-names, and whether its convincing.  (E.g., once everyone knows that names like "Dwayne" are low-class but "Chet" is high-class, surely the [ambitious] prole will become more likely to name their son "Chet", diluting the signal.)]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history inequality names</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:6cc18ee8c5ab/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:names"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/H/bo20708635">
    <title>How the West Came to Rule: The Geopolitical Origins of Capitalism, Anievas, Nisancioglu</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-05T00:13:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/distributed/H/bo20708635</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["How the West Came to Rule offers a unique interdisciplinary and international historical account of the origins of capitalism. It argues that contrary to dominant wisdom, capitalism’s origins should not be understood as a development confined to the geographically and culturally sealed borders of Europe, but the outcome of a wider array of global processes in which non-European societies played a decisive role. Through an outline of the uneven histories of Mongolian expansion, New World discoveries, Ottoman-Habsburg rivalry, the development of the colonies, and bourgeois revolutions, Alex Anievas and Kerem Nisancioglu offer an account of capitalism’s origins that convincingly argues against the prevailing Eurocentric narratives."]]></description>
<dc:subject>books:noted world_history great_transformation capitalism economic_history imperialism in_wishlist in_NB</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:bced4bb91a25/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:world_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:capitalism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:imperialism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_wishlist"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:in_NB"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://ac28921b-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/guillermomarshall/SlaveryMaryland_v8.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7cpDUL7eoXUKEx3Td9f1KTOuposlCt0bV4yVFfldg3n-cpHmu4K8NbkPcwFgs9f1TrWFNkq5xGX0jFuzsoQ8KL7NI7uMlHhmq-H-YaoyaGRd7lii6Q050OLaHXBa_k-5tX63BFTGN0cXGsj7GNd_JVz_n7V0WtbTNEpUXca7eBnaRCwmSnp0LeIMuuI_S_BJA0yLf2F-ZOx7rGUIdnFv0GY-jbZ4CkJBF8JfIpGPfGUe1g2DijU%3D&amp;attredirects=0">
    <title>Start-up Nation? Slave Wealth and Entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-15T23:22:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://ac28921b-a-62cb3a1a-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/guillermomarshall/SlaveryMaryland_v8.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7cpDUL7eoXUKEx3Td9f1KTOuposlCt0bV4yVFfldg3n-cpHmu4K8NbkPcwFgs9f1TrWFNkq5xGX0jFuzsoQ8KL7NI7uMlHhmq-H-YaoyaGRd7lii6Q050OLaHXBa_k-5tX63BFTGN0cXGsj7GNd_JVz_n7V0WtbTNEpUXca7eBnaRCwmSnp0LeIMuuI_S_BJA0yLf2F-ZOx7rGUIdnFv0GY-jbZ4CkJBF8JfIpGPfGUe1g2DijU%3D&amp;attredirects=0</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The American slave economy was not simply a coerced agricultural labor force. A recent historical literature has emphasized that slaves were also relatively liquid financial assets, and an important source of collateral for a wide variety of economic activities. Drawing on this idea, we use new data to estimate the effect of Maryland’s 1864 uncompensated eman- cipation on business entry and exit. Using data on credit reports from Dun and Bradstreet linked to the 1860 census and slave schedules, we find that slaveowners were more likely to start businesses prior to emancipation, even conditional on wealth and human capital, and this advantage disappears with emancipation. We argue that this is due primarily to start-up credit rather than any advantage in production. Slave rental markets were active until emancipation, muting any difference between owning slaves and using slave labor in production, and we show that wages did not appreciably change after abolition. In our data, abolition of slavery is not associated with any differential exit of slaveholder owned businesses. In addition, we find that slaveowners differentially start-up businesses even in mercantile, non-agricultural, and urban sectors with little slave production. Our results suggest that the collateral dimension of slave property rights makes the institution an even larger contributor to American economic development than is normally supposed."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB to_read american_history economics economic_history slavery the_american_dilemma naidu.suresh</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:5cc59f2dc9c8/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:american_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:slavery"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:the_american_dilemma"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:naidu.suresh"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10614.html">
    <title>Klepper, S.; Braguinsky, S., Hounshell, D.A., eds.: Experimental Capitalism: The Nanoeconomics of American High-Tech Industries. (eBook and Hardcover)</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-01T22:54:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10614.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["For much of the twentieth century, American corporations led the world in terms of technological progress. Why did certain industries have such great success? Experimental Capitalism examines six key industries—automobiles, pneumatic tires, television receivers, semiconductors, lasers, and penicillin—and tracks the highs and lows of American high-tech capitalism and the resulting innovation landscape. Employing “nanoeconomics”—a deep dive into the formation and functioning of companies—Steven Klepper determines how specific companies emerged to become the undisputed leaders that altered the course of their industry’s evolution.
"Klepper delves into why a small number of firms came to dominate their industries for many years after an initial period of tumult, including General Motors, Firestone, and Intel. Even though capitalism is built on the idea of competition among many, he shows how the innovation process naturally led to such dominance. Klepper explores how this domination influenced the search for further innovations. He also considers why industries cluster in specific geographical areas, such as semiconductors in northern California, cars in Detroit, and tires in Akron. He finds that early leading firms serve as involuntary training grounds for the next generation of entrepreneurs who spin off new firms into the surrounding region. Klepper concludes his study with a discussion of the impact of government and the potential for policy to enhance a nation’s high-tech industrial base."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted economics innovation economic_history imperfect_competition</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:1622d62a8c3e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:innovation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:imperfect_competition"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10423.html">
    <title>Ober, J.: The Rise and Fall of Classical Greece (eBook and Hardcover).</title>
    <dc:date>2015-05-20T00:10:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10423.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Lord Byron described Greece as great, fallen, and immortal, a characterization more apt than he knew. Through most of its long history, Greece was poor. But in the classical era, Greece was densely populated and highly urbanized. Many surprisingly healthy Greeks lived in remarkably big houses and worked for high wages at specialized occupations. Middle-class spending drove sustained economic growth and classical wealth produced a stunning cultural efflorescence lasting hundreds of years.
"Why did Greece reach such heights in the classical period—and why only then? And how, after “the Greek miracle” had endured for centuries, did the Macedonians defeat the Greeks, seemingly bringing an end to their glory? Drawing on a massive body of newly available data and employing novel approaches to evidence, Josiah Ober offers a major new history of classical Greece and an unprecedented account of its rise and fall.
"Ober argues that Greece’s rise was no miracle but rather the result of political breakthroughs and economic development. The extraordinary emergence of citizen-centered city-states transformed Greece into a society that defeated the mighty Persian Empire. Yet Philip and Alexander of Macedon were able to beat the Greeks in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, a victory made possible by the Macedonians’ appropriation of Greek innovations. After Alexander’s death, battle-hardened warlords fought ruthlessly over the remnants of his empire. But Greek cities remained populous and wealthy, their economy and culture surviving to be passed on to the Romans—and to us."]]></description>
<dc:subject>books:noted ancient_history institutions economic_history ober.josiah books:owned</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:01aaaae9b623/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:ancient_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:institutions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:ober.josiah"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:owned"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nber.org/papers/w20853">
    <title>Knowledge, Human Capital and Economic Development: Evidence from the British Industrial Revolution, 1750-1930</title>
    <dc:date>2015-04-23T18:56:30+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nber.org/papers/w20853</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Endogenous growth models raise fundamental questions about the nature of human creativity, and the sorts of resources, skills, and knowledge inputs that shift the frontier of technology and production possibilities. Many argue that the nature of early British industrialization supports the thesis that economic advances depend on specialized scientific training or the acquisition of costly human capital. This paper examines the contributions of different types of knowledge to British industrialization, by assessing the backgrounds, education and inventive activity of the major contributors to technological advances in Britain during the crucial period between 1750 and 1930. The results indicate that scientists, engineers or technicians were not well-represented among the British great inventors until very late in the nineteenth century. Instead, important discoveries and British industrial advances were achieved by individuals who exercised commonplace skills and entrepreneurial abilities to resolve perceived industrial problems. For developing countries today, the implications are that costly investments in specialized human capital resources might be less important than incentives for creativity, flexibility, and the ability to make incremental adjustments that can transform existing technologies into inventions that are appropriate for prevailing domestic conditions."

--- Need to think carefully (when I get around to reading this) about selection-bias issues (e.g., so few Britons _were_ educated until late in the 19th century...)]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history economic_growth innovation history_of_technology industrial_revolution via:henry_farrell</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:4d2575c21a9e/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_growth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:innovation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:history_of_technology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:industrial_revolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:henry_farrell"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rogoff/files/aer_104-5_50-55.pdf">
    <title>Recovery from Financial Crises: Evidence from 100 Episodes (Reinhart and Rogoff)</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-11T20:13:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rogoff/files/aer_104-5_50-55.pdf</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Examining the evolution of real per capita GDP around 100 systemic banking crises reveals that a significant part of the costs of these crises lies in the protracted and halting nature of the recovery. On average it takes about eight years to reach the pre-crisis level of income; the median is about 6.5 years. Five to six years after the onset of the current crisis only Germany and the United States (out of 12 systemic crisis cases) have reached their 2007–2008 peaks in per cap- ita income. In a sample that covers 63 crises in advanced economies and 37 in larger emerging markets, more than 40 percent of the post-crisis episodes experienced double dips. The analysis summarized here adds another dimension to an observation we have been emphasizing on the basis of our earlier work—namely, that the sub- prime crisis is not an anomaly in the context of the pre-WWII era. Postwar business cycles are not the right comparator for the severe crises that have swept advanced economies in recent years."

--- Of course, experience tells us that we can conclude nothing from their papers until someone else has debugged their spreadsheets.]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics financial_crisis_of_2007-- macroeconomics economic_history reinhart.carmen_m. rogoff.kenneth_s.</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:4679c88838dd/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:financial_crisis_of_2007--"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:macroeconomics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:reinhart.carmen_m."/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:rogoff.kenneth_s."/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=978-0199392001">
    <title>Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, the Great Recession, and the Uses-And Misuses-Of History by Barry Eichengreen - Powell's Books</title>
    <dc:date>2014-11-24T02:11:29+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=978-0199392001</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["There have been two global financial crises in the past century: the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Great Recession that began in 2008. Both featured loose credit, precarious real estate and stock market bubbles, suspicious banking practices, an inflexible monetary system, and global imbalances; both had devastating economic consequences. In both cases, people in the prosperous decade preceding the crash believed they were living in a post-volatility economy, one that had tamed the cycle of boom and bust. When the global financial system began to totter in 2008, policymakers were able to draw on the lessons of the Great Depression in order to prevent a repeat, but their response was still inadequate to prevent massive economic turmoil on a global scale.
"In Hall of Mirrors, renowned economist Barry Eichengreen provides the first book-length analysis of the two crises and their aftermaths. Weaving together the narratives of the 30s and recent years, he shows how fear of another Depression greatly informed the policy response after the Lehman Brothers collapse, with both positive and negative results. On the positive side, institutions took the opposite paths that they had during the Depression; government increased spending and cut taxes, and central banks reduced interest rates, flooded the market with liquidity, and coordinated international cooperation. This in large part prevented the bank failures, 25% unemployment rate, and other disasters that characterized the Great Depression. But they all too often hewed too closely and too literally to the lessons of the Depression, seeing it as a mirror rather than focusing on the core differences. Moreover, in their haste to differentiate themselves from their forbears, today's policymakers neglected the constructive but ultimately futile steps that the Federal Reserve took in the 1930s. While the rapidly constructed policies of late 2008 did succeed in staving off catastrophe in the years after, policymakers, institutions, and society as a whole were too eager to get back to normal, even when that meant stunting the recovery via harsh austerity policies and eschewing necessary long-term reforms. The result was a grindingly slow recovery in the US and a devastating recession in Europe."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history macroeconomics great_depression financial_crisis_of_2007-- via:jbdelong books:owned eichengreen.barry books:recommended have_read</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:f96f0c7b6742/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:macroeconomics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_depression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:financial_crisis_of_2007--"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:via:jbdelong"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:owned"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:eichengreen.barry"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:recommended"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/americas-assembly-line">
    <title>America's Assembly Line | The MIT Press</title>
    <dc:date>2014-11-20T00:20:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/americas-assembly-line</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["The mechanized assembly line was invented in 1913 and has been in continuous operation ever since. It is the most familiar form of mass production. Both praised as a boon to workers and condemned for exploiting them, it has been celebrated and satirized. (We can still picture Chaplin’s little tramp trying to keep up with a factory conveyor belt.) In America’s Assembly Line, David Nye examines the industrial innovation that made the United States productive and wealthy in the twentieth century.
"The assembly line—developed at the Ford Motor Company in 1913 for the mass production of Model Ts—first created and then served an expanding mass market. It also transformed industrial labor. By 1980, Japan had reinvented the assembly line as a system of “lean manufacturing”; American industry reluctantly adopted the new approach. Nye describes this evolution and the new global landscape of increasingly automated factories, with fewer industrial jobs in America and questionable working conditions in developing countries. A century after Ford’s pioneering innovation, the assembly line continues to evolve toward more sustainable manufacturing."]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB books:noted history_of_technology economic_history 20th_century_history labor</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:2232a7fadb6b/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:books:noted"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:history_of_technology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:20th_century_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:labor"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://glineq.blogspot.com/2014/11/three-tricks-used-by-shleifer-and.html">
    <title>globalinequality: Four tricks used by Shleifer and Treisman to convince you that the transition was a success</title>
    <dc:date>2014-11-06T01:26:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://glineq.blogspot.com/2014/11/three-tricks-used-by-shleifer-and.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["My requirements  to be successful (see my blog just below) were very clear and modest.
"1. Catching-up with OECD countries, that is having an average rate of growth over 25 years which is at least marginally higher than the mean rate of growth of rich OECD countries. It is a standard requirement in the literature to judge a country's success or not. Are you converging toward the rich or not?
"2. A moderate increase in inequality, so that the Gini is in line with OECD average.
"3. A strong democracy so that your score is a full +10, or just slightly below it.
"Only Albania, Estonia, and Poland fulfill these modest requirements. They account for 10% of “transition countries” population.
"You be the judge if these are, or not, reasonable requirements. 
"PS. I forgot to add an important point. When in the early 1970s, my friends or myself, living in East European Communist countries, assessed success or failure of  socialism  we did not think it legitimate to just compare the indicators of the 1970s with those of 25 years before, around 1945-47, when Communists came to power. (Obviously, all economic indicators, and in all dimensions and in all countries, were better in the 1970s than in 1945.) We looked at whether socialism delivered what it promised and, especially, whether it made countries  catch-up with the rich capitalist world. In the event, it did not and this largely explains its failure. But I do not see any reason to change the criterion now when we assess the success of capitalism in Eastern Europe in the past 25 years."]]></description>
<dc:subject>economics economic_history post-soviet_life economic_growth</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:091dc1ad878a/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:post-soviet_life"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_growth"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://glineq.blogspot.com/2014/11/for-whom-wall-fell-balance-sheet-of.html">
    <title>globalinequality: For Whom the Wall Fell? A balance-sheet of transition to capitalism</title>
    <dc:date>2014-11-04T14:15:31+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://glineq.blogspot.com/2014/11/for-whom-wall-fell-balance-sheet-of.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["In the bottom group, of absolute failures, we have seven countries with a combined population of almost 80 million (20% of the population of all “transition” countries). They are,  in order of the extent of their failure: Tajikistan, Moldova, Ukraine, Kyrgyz Republic, Georgia, Bosnia and Serbia. All ... have been involved in civil or international conflicts. None is likely to reach its 1990 income any time soon. Basically, they are countries with at least three  to four wasted generations. At current rates of growth, it might take them some 50 or 60 years—longer  that they were  under Communism!—to go back to the income levels they had at the fall of Communism.
"The relative failures include four countries (Macedonia, Croatia, Russia and Hungary). They, because of the large size of Russia, comprise  160 million people and represent the dominant of our four groups. Some 40% of transition countries’ populations live there.  Their growth rates have been less or around 1% per capita.
"Those that are managing not to fall further behind the rich capitalist world are five: Czech republic, Slovenia, Turkmenistan,  Lithuania and Romania. They include 40 million people (10% of transition countries’ total). Their growth rates have been between 1.7 and 1.9 percent per capita annually.
"Finally, we come to the success cases, those that are catching up with the rich world. There are 12 countries in this group., and in increasing order of success they are: Uzbekistan and Latvia (average growth rate of 2%), Bulgaria (2.2%), Slovakia and Kazakhstan (2.4%), Azerbaijan, Estonia, Mongolia and Armenia (around 3%),  Belarus (3.5%), Poland (3.7%) and Albania (3.9%). The population living there amounts to 120 million (almost a third of the total).
"If we concentrate on success cases, several of them (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) are resource-rich economies whose success is entirely explained by the exploitation of hydrocarbons, gold or other minerals. The real capitalist successes are only five: Albania, Poland, Belarus, Armenia and Estonia, having grown by at least 3% per capita per annum, almost at twice the rate of rich countries, and without an obvious help of natural resources. Armenia is particularly remarkable since its original period of transition was rocky due to the war with Azerbaijan.
...
"So, what is the balance-sheet of transition? Only three or at most five or six countries could be said to be on the road to becoming a part of the rich and (relatively) stable capitalist world. Many are falling behind, and some are so far  behind that they cannot aspire to go back to the point where they were when the Wall fell for several decades..."]]></description>
<dc:subject>post-soviet_life economics economic_growth economic_history political_economy the_nightmare_from_which_we_are_trying_to_awake</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:145bd8f69f86/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:post-soviet_life"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_growth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:political_economy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:the_nightmare_from_which_we_are_trying_to_awake"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02403.x/abstract">
    <title>Pre-Industrial Inequality - Milanovic - 2010 - The Economic Journal - Wiley Online Library</title>
    <dc:date>2014-10-18T02:17:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02403.x/abstract</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Is inequality largely the result of the Industrial Revolution? Or, were pre-industrial incomes as unequal as they are today? This article infers inequality across individuals within each of the 28 pre-industrial societies, for which data were available, using what are known as social tables. It applies two new concepts: the inequality possibility frontier and the inequality extraction ratio. They compare the observed income inequality to the maximum feasible inequality that, at a given level of income, might have been ‘extracted’ by those in power. The results give new insights into the connection between inequality and economic development in the very long run."

--- Ungated: https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Centers/LIS/Milanovic/papers/2011/MLW_final.pdf]]></description>
<dc:subject>to:NB economics economic_history inequality great_transformation have_read to:blog milanovic.branko</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:4180acaf3394/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:NB"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:inequality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:great_transformation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:have_read"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:blog"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:milanovic.branko"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.interfluidity.com/v2/5561.html">
    <title>interfluidity » Hard money is not a mistake</title>
    <dc:date>2014-09-02T16:45:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.interfluidity.com/v2/5561.html</link>
    <dc:creator>cshalizi</dc:creator><dc:subject>economics political_economy economic_history to:blog</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/b:704981dc93df/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:political_economy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:economic_history"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:cshalizi/t:to:blog"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>