Pinboard (aries1988)
https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/public/
recent bookmarks from aries1988What's the World's Oldest Language? | Scientific American2024-01-03T19:37:00+00:00
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/whats-the-worlds-oldest-language1/
aries1988language origin history comparisonhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:4f3ff5691ac0/成本华——“最美抗日女兵”--党史频道-人民网2023-12-17T20:35:54+00:00
http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2013/0327/c85037-20927580.html
aries1988anhui ww2 japan history soldier chinese deathhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:dad4f1e67f79/How Napoleon Made War Seem Cool2023-11-26T13:43:26+00:00
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1997/11/24/napoleon-bonaparte-the-good-soldier
aries1988paris français history leader army nationalismhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:39a33935bc43/Ridley Scott’s “Napoleon” Complex2023-11-26T12:49:51+00:00
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/11/13/ridley-scott-director-profile
aries1988movie director history françaishttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:ee5b94d34f2f/Tyrant, liberator, warmonger, bureaucrat: the meaning of Napoleon2023-11-26T11:21:59+00:00
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/11/22/tyrant-liberator-warmonger-bureaucrat-the-meaning-of-napoleon
aries1988français history europehttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:6d44a1b4f552/Why Napoleon still matters2023-11-26T10:50:55+00:00
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:https://www.ft.com/content/4c00f73d-78e5-495a-8da2-436da200258d
aries1988français today history englishhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:d676a8026d83/This Land Is Mine - YouTube2023-10-09T06:45:15+00:00
https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=1TM5X0CLVsrjhwA2&v=8tIdCsMufIY&feature=youtu.be
aries1988middle-east history human war killing animation parody israelhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:d8ef5c989b69/Yasheng Huang on the Development of the Chinese State (Ep. 173) | Conversations with Tyler2023-05-11T15:06:38+00:00
https://conversationswithtyler.com/episodes/yasheng-huang/
aries1988book china history state todayhttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:0cc33a8c8ee4/Adolfo Arranz on Twitter: "Today marks ten years since this infographic back page about the Kowloon Walled City was published by South China Morning Post. I explained in a few lectures the ins and outs of this project, and now I will do it here. Long 🧵2023-03-17T03:08:56+00:00
https://mobile.twitter.com/adolfux/status/1636026798894104578
aries1988hongkong city history infographics design drawinghttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:6df7501a36c3/Boeing to deliver last 747, a jumbo jet that ‘shrank the world’ | Financial Times2023-01-31T18:08:44+00:00
https://www.ft.com/content/7537ec3f-e29e-4fed-b46d-bfc1ff5075e9
aries1988plane legend american boeing classic history aviation designhttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:96fef126be67/HistoryMaps | Learn History Visually with Maps and Timelines2023-01-11T09:14:20+00:00
https://history-maps.com/
aries1988history infographics map education gamehttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:309645f89ef9/Cunk On Earth - S01E01 - In The Beginnings (HD) - YouTube2023-01-09T15:27:49+00:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVCDB1wCg9k
aries1988humor tv bbc expert fun history arthttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:24a39ac6970d/In the Hothouse | Ben Tarnoff | The New York Review of Books2022-11-21T06:55:36+00:00
https://www.nybooks.com/online/2022/11/11/in-the-hothouse-twitter-musk/
aries1988twitter history culturehttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:fd1f7ca120c7/In Search of a Lost Spain - The New York Times2022-11-03T16:21:52+00:00
https://www-nytimes-com.bnf.idm.oclc.org/2022/11/03/t-magazine/spain-islamic-history.html
aries1988travel idea andalousia muslim history today spainhttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:d9539582264d/Blood and Iron: The Rise and Fall of the German Empire 1871-1918 | Reviews in History2022-10-08T06:40:35+00:00
https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/2466
aries1988history book germany empirehttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:ed09b78c1c16/Italians’ memories of Fascism are dangerously inaccurate2022-09-15T19:16:56+00:00
https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/09/15/italians-memories-of-fascism-are-dangerously-inaccurate
aries1988italia fascism historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:9a8568b515cc/The Real History Behind Starz's Catherine de' Medici Drama, 'The Serpent Queen' | History | Smithsonian Magazine2022-09-09T21:10:38+00:00
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-many-myths-of-catherine-de-medici-180980722/
aries1988france history 16Chttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:6543c5b29bbf/Easy as ABC | History Today2022-09-07T04:28:17+00:00
https://www.historytoday.com/archive/review/easy-abc
aries1988alphabet book history from:rsshttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:ed0c6eb6fba1/“Japan 1900: A Portrait in Color” by Sebastian Dobson and Sabine Arqué2022-09-05T13:56:17+00:00
http://asianreviewofbooks.com/content/japan-1900-a-portrait-in-color-by-sebastian-dobson-and-sabine-arque/
aries1988book photo history japanhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:1e7ab44c092d/5 choses que vous ne saviez pas sur le muguet2022-04-27T16:44:44+00:00
https://metropole.nantes.fr/actualites/2022/culture-loisirs-patrimoine/top-5-muguet
aries1988history flower nantes france françaishttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:1e74504540f5/Vladimir Putin’s Self-Serving Revisionist History - The Atlantic2022-02-27T15:38:25+00:00
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2022/02/putin-russia-ukraine-revisionist-history/622936/
aries1988history worldview leader russia putin 2022https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:f67520097d49/La Russie attaque l’Ukraine - Le Dessous des Cartes | ARTE - YouTube2022-02-26T11:32:08+00:00
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=EuHbbKqM4oE
aries1988history geography ukrainehttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:ed173852f72f/John Delury on Twitter: "Spence was not just a historian, he was an artist, and his books will be read forever because they are works of art. That does not mean he made things up-- his artistry was bounded by things as they really happened, just as a scul2021-12-29T04:58:43+00:00
https://twitter.com/JohnDelury/status/1475966896747184128
aries1988scholar china historyhttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:55ce7bcdb244/Aristocratic Fury on Twitter: "The Habsburgs represented the imperial idea, embodied the most in Charles V who ruled over the greatest empire Europe has seen since Rome, in fact he was the man closest to the universal ruler of Europe since the Roman emper2021-09-03T11:48:07+00:00
https://mobile.twitter.com/LandsknechtPike/status/1432475266203492353
aries1988Hapsburg 16C 17C europe loveletter fun historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:eb2cedf4c7d8/Civilisations by Laurent Binet — an alternate history2021-04-18T13:42:20+00:00
https://www.ft.com/content/67aa7706-94c5-4c5c-99a5-52a9ba37bb17
aries1988from:rss book aztec fiction history français 16Chttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:67675b1e107e/How Pandemics End - The New York Times2021-01-27T12:12:38+00:00
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/10/health/coronavirus-plague-pandemic-history.html
aries1988history epidemichttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:3d5fd9a89d44/The Next Decade Could Be Even Worse2020-11-20T13:21:08+00:00
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/12/can-history-predict-future/616993/
aries1988history maths futurehttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:209577388983/世界主义与民族主义的纠缠:德意志独特的历史道路如何形成?2020-11-12T21:36:51+00:00
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/oEUJx5wJcglSxdsvBj8CQQ
aries1988
德国历史上的国家转型大致可归类于三种因素:第一种是来自更高使命的呼唤。962年,伴随着奥托一世在罗马加冕,成立才30多年的“德意志王国”升格为“神圣罗马帝国”。德意志人继承了查理大帝(Karl der Gro?e,800~814在位)的皇冠,进而成为西罗马帝国的继承者。在此后相当长的时期里,在这片原来由罗马人统治的区域中,唯有德意志人才有权自称“奥古斯都”。这种“帝国的荣光”让德意志人心甘情愿地在长达千年的时间里牺牲自己的民族身份,而去追求世界主义的目标。皇帝“承担着高尚的职责,象征着欧洲的统一,保护着基督教世界的和平,并在各类政权之间维持均势”。
国家的转型,并不必然与革命、战争或动乱联系在一起。在德国历史上,不同种类的国家转型显示出多样性的特征。从德意志王国向神圣罗马帝国的转型,在很大程度上属于一种默许程序。从神圣罗马帝国向德意志联盟的转型,则经历了战争,并最终取决于维也纳会议的国际谈判。从德意志联盟向德意志帝国的转型,毫无疑问是三场王朝战争的结局。从德意志帝国向魏玛共和国的转型,直接受到水兵起义的推动。从魏玛共和国向纳粹帝国的转型,则是民主危机不断加深的后果。从纳粹帝国向两个德国并立状态的转型,既同第二次世界大战有关,也是由美苏争霸和冷战格局所导致的。民主德国最终并入联邦德国,同样与冷战格局的演变密切联系在一起。
]]>germany german state history explainedhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:f6392665c2fd/How Does China’s Imperial Past Shape Its Foreign Policy Today?2020-10-25T19:57:23+00:00
https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/how-does-chinas-imperial-past-shape-its-foreign-policy-today
aries1988china diplomacy historyhttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:1c3503577b1e/Polar Opposites: Two New Histories of East Asia > Articles |2020-10-25T17:47:40+00:00
https://globalasia.org/v6no2/book/polar-opposites-two-new-histories-of-east-asia_john-delury
aries1988to:roam china history book historiography review comparisonhttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:b4f27bb79159/两岸三地历史课 “香港自秦朝以来是中国一部分”—— 香港历史新课程,中史科变国教科?2020-09-07T21:01:21+00:00
https://theinitium.com/article/20200827-hongkong-chinese-history-education-changed/
aries1988
“他进一步指出,中史旧课程强调的是“文化中国的民族主义”,新课程则是以法律和国家加强包裹的民族主义。
不过,黎梓翘亦提醒,民族主义史观最初以解放色彩登场,“19世纪的历史书写就是民族主义的书写,人们从神圣罗马帝国的历史中,寻溯德国历史。民族主义史观不是任何时候都是坏人,那为什么会变成压逼的角色?就是当多民族国家,要做一个unitary(集权、单一)的史观。”
在黎梓翘看来,读历史是为了解放思想,不应局限于一种历史观;他并不认同历史书写只有为民族和国家服务的意义。他强调,国际史学界的共识是以多元视角书写历史,这也是他希望专研的、一种解放的史观。
“历史教育的第一个出发点,是培养学生对历史资料的诚实处理和敏感度,先对时代里不同事物有所理解,并学会empathy(移情);最重要是对历史、资料和过去诚实。第二,是学生应该理解历史书写有不同版本,而随著时间变化——因为都是人造出来的东西。”他说道。”
]]>hongkong education history historiographyhttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:6bb688918f3b/1381年的“血夏”:纪一场远距离的农民起义 | 王元天2020-09-07T20:59:48+00:00
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4MjUzNDg3MA==&mid=2670672247&idx=1&sn=b801c8c84974628ee41799bd46a107a7&chksm=855fd1ceb22858d89b7a6d90bdb5a6f038c6ccb29d739c6b0bee8451fae5eb6dd242259f466b#rd
aries1988comparison ming england history 14C revolthttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:00fd40c503c6/How Plagues Have Changed the Course of World History2020-08-23T20:16:53+00:00
https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/07/coronavirus-pandemic-plagues-history.html
aries1988
And with a literally existential event taking place all around them, 14th-century Europeans shifted in their spirituality as the Romans had done before them. Just as the sixth-century plague had finished off the old religion of the Roman gods and brought the final triumph of Christianity, so a newly personal and mystical variety of that religion replaced the more institutional one. Sects from the lower classes began to emerge — like the Lollards in England, who rejected key Catholic doctrines and translated the Bible into English. In these rebellious religious subcultures, the seeds of the Reformation were sown.
Our unstoppable global economic engine, along with climate change, has prompted mass migration from the Global South to the Global North, the kind of disruption we know makes epidemics more likely. We have penetrated the rain forest and unfrozen the tundra; we are releasing long-buried pathogens whose impact on humans we simply cannot even guess at. We have disturbed the planet in precisely the ways that led to devastating consequences for humans in the past. But more so than ever before. Just in the past few years: Ebola, MERS, SARS, and COVID-19.
Knowledge of a brutal new virus does not prevent its spread. Only a much more profound reorientation of humankind will lower the odds: moving out of cities, curtailing global travel, ending carbon energy, mask wearing in public as a permanent feature of our lives. We either do this to lower the odds of mass death or let nature do what it does — eventually so winnowing the human stock that we are no longer a threat to the planet we live on.
]]>humanity future history epidemic spqr middle-ageshttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:77e23ad92353/李蔚:李登辉,“中华民国在台湾”监造人|深度|端传媒 Initium Media2020-08-23T19:52:37+00:00
https://theinitium.com/article/20200222-taiwan-president-li/
aries1988
1991年修宪以来,已将两岸关系定位在国家与国家,至少是特殊的国与国的关系,而非一合法政府,一叛乱团体,或一中央政府,一地方政府的“一个中国”的内部关系。所以,您提到北京政府将台湾视为“叛离的一省”,这完全昧于历史与法律上的事实。
李登辉(接受“德国之声”访问)
1999年7月9日,李登辉接受“德国之声”总裁魏里希(Dieter Weirich)一行的访问,针对“中华民国”与“中华人民共和国”的关系,李登辉提出了“特殊国与国”关系的定性。这项也主张也被北京及反对李登辉的人士进一步简化为“两国论”。
“特殊国与国”关系是“强化中华民国主权国家地位”小组研究的成果。1998年李登辉成立了这个小组,召集人就是现任总统蔡英文。根据日后陆续解密的资料,以及当事人的回忆口述指出,“特殊国与国关系”最重要的参照,就是冷战时期分裂的东、西德关系,两者互不隶属,相互承认,并且一起加入联合国。
]]>taiwan explained history leader obituaryhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:aba932cec5c0/Le phénix, un art de la renaissance encore bien vivant2020-08-23T08:44:41+00:00
https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2020/08/21/le-phenix-un-art-de-la-renaissance-encore-bien-vivant_6049573_3451060.html
aries1988animal legend myth history ecolohttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:0d824e2ebcea/汉族历史上为何数次被少数民族统治 日经中文网2020-08-19T19:51:58+00:00
http://cn.nikkei.com/columnviewpoint/column-special1/41589-2020-08-10-05-00-00.html
aries1988 专栏/观点 > 日本人小声说 > 汉族历史上为何数次被少数民族统治 汉族历史上为何数次被少数民族统治 2020/08/10 PRINT EMAIL 村山宏 为日经中文网撰稿:…]]>japanese question chinese history ethnicity warhttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:e91139baec85/L’Estonie, un Etat balte toujours dans l’ombre de la Russie2020-08-19T16:41:44+00:00
https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/08/07/l-estonie-un-etat-balte-toujours-dans-l-ombre-de-la-russie_6048401_3210.html
aries1988baltic urss historyhttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:8ed706179d63/Comment Yahvé, petit dieu tribal, est-il devenu un Dieu universel ?2020-08-16T14:35:26+00:00
https://www.lemonde.fr/le-monde-des-religions/article/2020/05/31/comment-dieu-est-devenu-dieu_6041327_6038514.html
aries1988juif god history originhttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:bf6b114ff635/Comment Marie la juive, mère de Jésus, est devenue la Vierge qui enfanta Dieu2020-08-16T13:05:59+00:00
https://www.lemonde.fr/le-monde-des-religions/article/2020/08/15/comment-marie-la-juive-mere-de-jesus-est-devenue-la-vierge-qui-enfanta-le-fils-de-dieu_6049008_6038514.html
aries1988origin catholicism historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:0e74d9d7d3fb/Pourquoi les universités françaises étaient mal parties pour le classement de Shanghai dès 17932020-08-15T12:31:24+00:00
https://www.lemonde.fr/series-d-ete/article/2020/08/12/les-sequelles-du-schisme-de-1793-entre-universites-et-recherche-francaises_6048730_3451060.html
aries1988education français university explained comparison china usa historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:c9e28505e47b/Patrick Boucheron bouscule l’histoire | CNRS Le journal2020-08-04T06:45:56+00:00
https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/patrick-boucheron-bouscule-lhistoire
aries1988interview historiography historian français historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:2bbc16b8b30e/[60 fps] Views of Tokyo, Japan, 1913-1915 - YouTube2020-07-20T12:05:21+00:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=MQAmZ_kR8S8
aries1988history archive japan 1910s videohttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:86b2e53546d4/桂胜范评《想象异域》|裁决文明2020-07-19T08:54:23+00:00
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5MDE1NzAwNg==&mid=2650797378&idx=1&sn=68a199323cf93dbddb8a87df1f4e45ba&chksm=8804afe3bf7326f56c8317aab20d8f13843964a07a977e7675de6f26cc2872adc1efc33ead3a&scene=21#wechat_redirect
aries1988
明朝对朝鲜有非常特殊的意义。唐朝衰落之后,中原成为北方征服王朝的乐园,但明朝却是汉族在四百年后重新建立起来的,因此是非常特别的中华帝国(中朝)。明朝不仅仅是单纯的强大国家,更是延续周-汉-唐-宋的儒教中华文明的持担者,即中华文明国兼天子之国。在视朱子学为国是而建立的朝鲜王朝中,华夷观念非常强固。其结果就是,进入十六世纪之后,朝鲜人开始将明鲜关系的本质理解为君臣兼父子,将忠孝基础之上的君臣-父子关系理念化。而在壬辰战争爆发之前,明朝与朝鲜的关系已经超越单纯的君臣关系,发展成为父子关系。
虽然君臣关系(忠)与父子关系(孝)都是儒教重视的伦理,但这两者之间存在决定性差异。君臣关系视君主态度如何是可变的。若君主脱离王道、行恶政且不听谏诤,臣下可以断绝君臣关系,甚至可以发动易姓革命。即君臣关系并不是永远不变的绝对关系,只是相对的价值。与之相比,对子女而言,无论父亲多么悖恶,父子关系也是无法断绝、永远不变的绝对价值。正是这一点,让明清交替时期的朝鲜人(与之前的高丽人不同)在天子变化时感受到了巨大的伦理负担。
那时是西欧式民族主义尚未到来的中世时期,与朝鲜王朝的安危相比,朝鲜人将跟随普世文明——即儒教的中华文明——视为更重要的事情。因此,就算朝鲜人臣服于清朝,进而维系了朝鲜王朝,内心深处仍然继续视清朝为夷狄,认为只有朝鲜才延续了中华正统,沉溺于自我合理化之中。注意到这一点后再去阅读燕行录,才能更加准确地理解,朝鲜使臣二百余年来如此这般贬低清朝、寻找明朝旧貌的理由,因为只有这样才能维持朝鲜王朝的国家认同。
南宋的朱熹梦想着的朱子学的儒教社会,在他死后近五百年,才出人意料地在朝鲜半岛得以呈现。这样从生活史或文化史脉络来看的话,三国之间存在显著的差异。
葛先生所谓的到明代为止东亚三国构成了一个文化历史共同体,但因为清朝的登场而渐行渐远的观点,只是一个假说,需要进一步论证。在我看来,这并不容易。]]>book korea qing history embassy comparison confucianism civ review critic east-asiahttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:947a2c240aa8/How Neapolitan Cuisine Took Over the World2020-07-18T20:04:54+00:00
https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2020/07/07/how-neapolitan-cuisine-took-over-the-world/
aries1988italia naples food history 18C spanishhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:3af3aad45c15/220. 葛兆光x梁文道:全球化等于世界一体化吗?2020-07-16T09:08:14+00:00
https://shop.vistopia.com.cn/article?article_id=3s1UI
aries1988globalization world history book explained interview professor historianhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:8e029f28ca78/220. 葛兆光x梁文道:全球化等于世界一体化吗?2020-07-16T06:42:29+00:00
https://shop.vistopia.com.cn/article?article_id=sgciV
aries1988from:rss explained historiography world historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:b80d0cfd1ffc/How Did Vim Become So Popular2020-07-13T12:20:42+00:00
https://pragmaticpineapple.com/how-did-vim-become-so-popular/
aries1988history vim vi moi programming programmer program editorhttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:2f3b8de9c420/Too many setbacks - A historian sets out to explain Spain’s tumultuous past | Books & arts | The Economist2020-06-27T21:21:13+00:00
https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2020/06/20/a-historian-sets-out-to-explain-spains-tumultuous-past
aries1988
Why has Spain’s history been so tragic? Spaniards are rightly fed up with being cast by foreigners as violent fanatics, and a backward exception in Europe. Mr Preston, too, rejects that. Most historians highlight a weak state, difficult geography with industrialisation mainly in peripheral regions, an army that refused to accept the loss of empire, and missed political opportunities. “Too many setbacks”, as Santos Juliá, a Spanish historian who died last year, entitled his final book.
]]>history book review 20C spainhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:57c1139a85ec/从窦文涛到许知远:访谈节目消亡史-虎嗅网2020-06-25T17:42:28+00:00
https://m.huxiu.com/article/364762.html
aries1988from:rss chinese talkshow historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:2876a6e0c5ab/The Pillage of India | by Christopher de Bellaigue | The New York Review of Books2020-06-14T12:37:55+00:00
https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2020/06/11/british-pillage-of-india/
aries1988india history colonialism uk british book review violencehttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:3deb5c2aca23/Cortés, Pizarro, and Afonso as Precedents for Takeover - LessWrong 2.02020-05-28T12:55:58+00:00
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ivpKSjM4D6FbqF4pZ/cortes-pizarro-and-afonso-as-precedents-for-takeover
aries1988
They didn't just have technology; they had effective strategy and they had effective diplomacy. They made long-term plans that worked despite being breathtakingly ambitious. (And their short-term plans were usually pretty effective too, read the stories in detail to see this.) Despite not knowing the local culture or history, these conquistadors made surprisingly savvy diplomatic decisions. They knew when they could get away with breaking their word and when they couldn't; they knew which outrages the locals would tolerate and which they wouldn’t; they knew how to convince locals to ally with them; they knew how to use words to escape militarily impossible situations… The locals, by contrast, often badly misjudged the conquistadors, e.g. not thinking Pizarro had the will (or the ability?) to kidnap the emperor, and thinking the emperor would be safe as long as they played along.
This raises the question, how did they get that advantage? My answer: they had experience with this sort of thing, whereas locals didn't. Presumably Pizarro learned from Cortés' experience; his strategy was pretty similar. (See also: the prior conquest of the Canary Islands by the Spanish). In Afonso's case, well, the Portuguese had been sailing around Africa, conquering ports and building forts for more than a hundred years.
The conquests succeeded in large part due to diplomacy. This has implications for AI takeover scenarios; rather than imagining a conflict of humans vs. robots, we could imagine humans vs. humans-with-AI-advisers, with the latter faction winning and somehow by the end of the conflict the AI advisers have managed to become de facto rulers, using the humans who obey them to put down rebellions by the humans who don't.
In the AI context, we don't need to imagine god-like technology (e.g. swarms of self-replicating nanobots) to get an AI takeover. It might even be possible without any new physical technologies at all! Just superior software, e.g. piloting software for military drones, targeting software for anti-missile defenses, cyberwarfare capabilities, data analysis for military intelligence, and of course excellent propaganda and persuasion.
]]>history americas civ 16C idea ai world disaster human intelligence strategy why spainhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:23db740f685d/西安为什么当不上帝都了?地球知识局 - 知乎2020-05-24T10:05:58+00:00
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/32718227
aries1988xi'an geography history tang qin china capital humorhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:dafd49f27c86/Les moines médiévaux ont-ils inventé la langue des signes française ? – Actuel Moyen Âge2020-05-21T09:00:46+00:00
https://actuelmoyenage.wordpress.com/2020/05/07/les-moines-medievaux-ont-ils-invente-la-langue-des-signes-francaise/
aries1988language handicap history monastery christianityhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:0366ff612361/我们问了100位历史学者,最能培养历史感的电影是什么?2020-05-20T09:14:07+00:00
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/RT7bchtp92C29OcpcHRETA
aries1988list movie watch bestof history qing historianhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:4bf0da7271f1/读者来函:前浪与后浪,镰刀与韭菜|广场|端传媒 Initium Media2020-05-11T08:14:16+00:00
https://theinitium.com/article/20200509-notes-wave-after-wave-shaves-and-tuberosum/
aries1988opinion event 2020 young slogan ccp gfw china anti-intellectualism entertainment citizen education history todayhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:2b07e8d9cd9e/Japan's rising right-wing nationalism - YouTube2020-05-07T17:03:40+00:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHJsoCAREsg
aries1988school japan japanese textbook education ww2 debate historyhttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:1f792ea605b7/Reason, Faith, and the Struggle for Western Civilization—A Review - Quillette2020-05-04T19:55:32+00:00
https://quillette.com/2020/04/30/reason-faith-and-the-struggle-for-western-civilization-a-review/
aries1988book review critic christianity history west reason enlightenment religion science ethichttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:3cfd3d2cf364/La vie rêvée de Mahomet2020-05-02T19:51:28+00:00
https://www.lemonde.fr/mmrbl/1/Xcb8BWTJ7sNvhrmt-hmpw4JkxRM65vgHDbXqgHx5pfYcVEo5NazOGCKnZ7vVLV4qpwnWpFTJrShAWoU761lDqjMhC1AmegLs0QOxU9-sgA3gkIE-grkgvnz09qVJNZzpEzE8DCfzbEfaMUFKoTNJxcqIT_hFmAYj8y6gGwRghZ_Z8DGnVW1FLcYbE-c_Exk=
aries1988
Jusqu'à neuf épouses simultanément, fruit de mariages qui sont tantôt des alliances politiques, tantôt des unions charitables avec une veuve et ses orphelins. Bien avant l'islam, les Arabes pratiquaient la polygamie. Alors que Mahomet passe chez les chrétiens pour un débauché, l'enseignement du Coran, qui ne jette pas l'anathème sur le plaisir sexuel, légitimera cette pratique (limitée à quatre épouses).
]]>leader islam history religion biohttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:b4246d5c0d99/在中俄边境,对一场反华大屠杀的选择性记忆 - 纽约时报中文网2020-03-27T20:34:07+00:00
https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20200327/russia-china-border/
aries1988history russia ccp manchuria siberia massacrehttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:b716e03e223d/Nationalism Is a Form of Love, Not Hate - The Atlantic2020-03-27T07:49:43+00:00
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/11/nationalism-form-love-not-hate/601282/
aries1988
Born a few years before Agincourt, her country divided by civil war and under foreign occupation for 75 years, Joan followed the voices that told her to fight to restore to the throne Charles of Valois, the French heir who had been pushed aside by the English.
She sent a note to the English prior to the battle at Orléans that they should get out of France. If they refused, she assured them with wonderful temerity, “I am a captain of war, and wherever I find your men in France, I will force them to leave, whether they wish to or not. If they refuse to obey, I will have them all killed. I am sent by God, the King of Heaven, to chase you one and all from France.”
The Maid of Orléans led the French troops to victory riding a white horse and carrying a 12-foot banner with an image of Christ sitting in judgment. She would eventually be captured and executed by the English, but soon enough, in keeping with her outlandish prediction before she took up arms, Charles VII was crowned in the cathedral of Reims. Her example has endured ever since; more than 500 years later, during World War II, the Free French adopted her symbol, the cross of Lorraine, as their own.
“Our country is our home, the home which God has given us, placing therein a numerous family which we love and are loved by, and with which we have a more intimate and quicker communion of feeling and thought than with others.”
Having a functioning democracy requires a demos, or a people who feel attached to one another. We are well beyond the era of the city-state, when all free citizens could gather on the Pnyx, the Athenian hillside within sight of the Acropolis, and listen to the likes of Pericles and Alcibiades before voting on important matters of state. Now the nation-state is the best way to delineate a people sharing bonds of language, history, culture, and institutions.
]]>nationalism book history france françaishttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:1d9db9377171/China Transformed by Elimination of ‘Four Olds' - The New York Times2020-03-19T12:55:27+00:00
https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/19/archives/china-transformed-by-elimination-of-four-olds.html
aries1988
The exotic, the traditionally pictured and the traditionally colorful things are gone from Chinese life, at least in the areas that were visited. In the Chinese People's Republic there is no “mysterious East” any more, just workaday people following workaday routines that seem essentially familiar and ordinary to the Westerner, even though they operate within a Marxist totalitarian framework.
Old folk sayings are occasionally heard, but these have largely been replaced by the maxims of Chairman Mao. The first of January is celebrated as the real New Year's Day, and the other fixed holidays, besides the spring festival, are May Day and the Oct. 1 National Day.
A new generation has appeared, and though much of the old China is too indelible to erase as yet, a new China with ways quite different from the old is in existence.
]]>1960s mao china reportage nytimes history culture revolutionhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:edfed03f6753/How Saint George’s Dragon Got Its Wings | JSTOR Daily2020-03-17T20:11:23+00:00
https://daily.jstor.org/how-saint-georges-dragon-got-its-wings/
aries1988
Icons are a form of religious artwork very much divorced from the Western idea of realist painting. They are used primarily in Orthodox Christian worship and exist as a way for those praying to have a conduit to the divine. Icons are standardized: while there may be some artistic liberties taken by individual artists, the style of an icon is meant to be extremely uniform. A depiction of Saint George and the Dragon from 2019 should look very similar to a Saint George and the Dragon from 900s. It should carry the types of stylization common to all icons: a lack of realist perspective and exaggerated facial features, for example.
The story of Saint George, put most simply, is of a soldier who valiantly killed a dragon that was demanding human sacrifice from an innocent town. Icons of Saint George and the Dragon depict the saint on horseback from the side, sending his spear into a dragon, who lies curled up beneath the hooves of his horse.
]]>russia art history byzantine dragon icon christianityhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:b596bc980a37/"1917" favori des Oscars : on vous raconte l'histoire de la Bataille de Bullecourt qui a inspiré le film de Sam Mendes2020-03-14T10:15:08+00:00
https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/hauts-de-france/pas-calais/arras/1917-favori-oscars-on-vous-raconte-histoire-bataille-bullecourt-qui-inspire-film-sam-mendes-1783849.html
aries1988makingof movie war ww1 british soldier france museum travel pas-de-calais story history village idea moihttps://instapaper.com/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:c5e8a95c202a/Opinion | To Take On the Coronavirus, Go Medieval on It - The New York Times2020-02-28T15:15:58+00:00
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/28/opinion/contributors/coronavirus-quarantine.html
aries1988usa risk coronavirus epidemic history policy comparison quarantine wuhanhttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:a1b934cf47d1/LIX 伊朗怎么了? — 天书广播2020-02-26T11:00:12+00:00
http://tianshuguangbo.com/blog/2020/1/31/lix-
aries1988iran explained history today usa islamhttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:7e0d37e74140/德语人名 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书2020-02-20T11:57:38+00:00
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D
aries1988
源于职业名的姓氏是德意志姓氏最常见的类别[10]。如施密特(Schmidt,铁匠),米勒(Müller,磨坊工人),迈尔(Meier,农场管家),霍夫曼(Hoffmann,农场主),舒尔茨(Schulze,警官),菲舍尔(Fischer,渔夫),施耐德(Schneider,裁缝),加施勒(Gaschler,吹玻璃工人),毛雷尔(Maurer,石匠),鲍尔(Bauer,农夫),瓦格纳(Wagner,车夫),齐默尔曼(Zimmermann,木匠),特普费尔(Töpfer / Toepfer,陶工),克林格曼(Klingemann,武器匠)。一些和王室贵族头衔相关的姓氏也很常见,如凯泽(Kaiser,皇帝),柯尼希(König,国王),格拉夫(Graf,伯爵),使用者并非贵族,而仅可能是与王室贵族相关的次要工作人员。
]]>german name tradition historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:689a24b1aec7/Vaccination, d'où vient cette angoisse ?2020-02-18T15:10:46+00:00
https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/concordance-des-temps/vaccination-dou-vient-cette-angoisse
aries1988history vaccination health france movement naturalist today temoignage kid pharma statehttps://pinboard.in/https://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:581be5db7ba0/【专访】哈佛学者宋怡明:在服从与反抗之间,明代人如何与国家互动协商 | 界面新闻2020-01-26T20:13:29+00:00
https://m.jiemian.com/article/3851562.html
aries1988book ming family local government negociation opinion chinese history culturehttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:0af8f814fc39/A report from Xinjiang - Many Han Chinese don’t mind the gulag for their Uighur neighbours | China | The Economist2020-01-12T19:48:12+00:00
https://www.economist.com/china/2020/01/09/many-han-chinese-dont-mind-the-gulag-for-their-uighur-neighbours
aries1988
the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (the bingtuan, in Chinese). This sprawling organisation, part state-run firm and part paramilitary force, has since emerged to dominate Xinjiang’s agriculture, leaving little room for Uighurs to compete. It controls vast tracts of land, on which it produces a large share of China’s cotton and tomatoes, often using migrant Han workers brought in from other parts of China. It is also involved in construction, property dealing and the oil industry (other large, Han-dominated, state-owned firms control most of this). In recent years its share of Xinjiang’s GDP has risen (see chart).
]]>xinjiang historyhttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:92a8cd9b6274/Invaders | The New Yorker2020-01-05T14:28:46+00:00
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2005/04/25/invaders-3
aries1988mongol history asia middle-east war killing irak humor islam disaster american usa anecdotehttps://pinboard.in/u:aries1988/b:822eb2d4ca61/