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    <title>Heart Attack, Stroke Risk Rises After Serious RSV, Study Says | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2026-02-05T04:16:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/rsv/119744?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2026-02-04&amp;mh=7beedf85be02817127aebdf9dcc93d42&amp;zdee=gAAAAABm4vYY3ATH4iFowacPbWxqKDu5cITUhZkLc-pWE7cJHyZXCk0IubgPcT3ehIWBv65TRh84YLvoUjk40DTyydSFRhNuf3hQ3R9bIlV4bQAMMvQuEGs%253D</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>risk cardiovascular cardiorespiratory stroke heart attack infarct MCI myocardial RSV vaccine infarction research human clnical trial ln vivo</dc:subject>
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    <title>Is Tofu Good for You? - The New York Times</title>
    <dc:date>2023-12-30T22:38:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/04/well/eat/tofu-health-benefits.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;state=default&amp;module=styln-ask-well&amp;variant=show&amp;region=BELOW_MAIN_CONTENT&amp;block=storyline_flex_guide_recirc</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Dr. Sun...led a study published in 2020 that found that consuming more soy isoflavones, particularly from tofu, was associated with a moderately lower risk of coronary heart disease.

And in another study, of nearly 120,000 health care professionals in the United States, Dr. Sun and his colleagues found that during the more than 30 years of follow-up, those who consumed at least one serving of tofu or soy milk per week were 15 to 16 percent less likely to die than those who ate less than one serving per month.]]></description>
<dc:subject>soy nutrition diet risk benefit heart disease cardiovascular cancer mortality isoflavones</dc:subject>
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    <title>Study finds that SARS-CoV-2 can infect the arteries of the heart - World Socialist Web Site</title>
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    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>clinical cohort COVID19 human in mortality heart cardiovascular arteries plaque research retrospective risk treatment vivo</dc:subject>
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    <title>The Modern World Is Aging Your Brain | WIRED</title>
    <dc:date>2023-05-22T03:57:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.wired.com/story/aging-brain-volume/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Four years and 1,165 participants later, the results revealed a stark difference. When compared to similar data taken from the US and Europe, the Tsimane fare much better, especially in old age. Tsimane brains lose about 2.3 percent of their volume per decade, compared with around 2.8 percent for the Moseten and about 3.5 percent for industrialized populations. For septuagenarians and older, the difference nearly doubled.

In industrialized populations, brain volume usually drops with increasing body mass index and non-HDL (so-called “bad”) cholesterol. But Tsimane and Moseten brain volumes largely increased with rising BMI and cholesterol. Kaplan believes this discrepancy makes sense given humankind’s evolutionary past. If you have to work a lot to get your food, more energy actually helps. The Tsimane walk 17,000 steps per day. Older Tsimane provide food and care for their grandchildren and don’t really retire, Kaplan says. People who live in the US and Europe on average work much less for their calories, which creates a surplus.

To Kaplan, the new data suggests a “sweet spot” between energy in and energy out and that it’s fine to build up a higher BMI if you expend a lot of energy too. But without that balance, you may lose brain volume faster, perhaps due to poorer cardiovascular health—although the exact mechanism remains unclear. “We’re at the point where we’ve overshot the mark,” he says of industrialized populations. “We have too many calories, too little physical activity, leading to negative effects on our brains.” The team refers to the phenomenon as the “embarrassment of riches” hypothesis.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain cardiovascular health risk benefit lifestyle culture BMI cholesterol blood lipids comparative physiology metabolism</dc:subject>
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    <title>Aortic Pathology During COVID - 19 Pandemics. Clinical Reports in Literature and Open Questions on the two Co-Occurring Conditions</title>
    <dc:date>2023-01-09T03:37:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8018903/#__ffn_sectitle</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>COVID19 cardiovascular symptoms complications effects comorbidities aortic pathology</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/97854?xid=nl_covidupdate_2022-03-25&amp;eun=g894600d0r">
    <title>Blood Profile at Age 35 Linked to Subsequent Alzheimer's Dementia | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2022-03-26T18:35:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/97854?xid=nl_covidupdate_2022-03-25&amp;eun=g894600d0r</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels in people as young as age 35 were linked with Alzheimer's dementia decades later in life, longitudinal data from the Framingham Heart Study showed.

Risk of Alzheimer's dementia fell by 15.4% during early adulthood (ages 35 to 50) and by 17.8% during middle adulthood (ages 51 to 60) for every 15 mg/dL increase in HDL cholesterol, reported Xiaoling Zhang, MD, PhD, of Boston University School of Medicine, and co-authors in Alzheimer's & Dementia.

A 15 mg/dL increase in blood glucose measured during middle adulthood was associated with a 14.5% increased Alzheimer's risk, they added. Triglyceride levels were associated with Alzheimer's only in the early adulthood group. Findings remained significant after adjusting for treatment.

"These findings show for the first time that cardiovascular risk factors, including HDL, which has not been consistently reported as a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, contribute to future risk of Alzheimer's disease starting as early as age 35," Zhang said in a statement.

Other vascular risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, BMI, smoking, and systolic blood pressure, were not associated with Alzheimer's dementia in any stage of adulthood (P>0.05).

Future development of Alzheimer's dementia was progressively higher and likely to occur earlier among people who had blood glucose in pre-diabetic (100 to 126 mg/dL) and diabetic (>126 mg/dL) ranges in early adulthood and middle adulthood.

"Intervention targeting cholesterol and glucose management starting in early adulthood can help maximize cognitive health in later life," Farrer suggested.]]></description>
<dc:subject>Framingham longitudinal data risk Alzheimer's cardiovascular factors peer-reviewed research HDL high-density lipoprotein correlation cohort human in vivo prospective trial prevention intervention</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:1b2481ed6811/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurjpc/zwab189/6447088">
    <title>Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis | European Journal of Preventive Cardiology | Oxford Academic</title>
    <dc:date>2021-12-16T03:23:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurjpc/zwab189/6447088</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[We confirm that the use of SGLT2i is associated with a substantial decrease in the risk of CV death or HHF in patients with heart failure and ejection fraction >40%. Importantly, in this first and largest meta-analysis reviewing LVEF >50%, we show that this benefit is maintained, albeit to a lesser degree, in the cohort of patients with LVEF ≥50%. SGLT2i become in this way the first medication with potential for prognostic benefit in HFpEF. However, overall mortality was not improved in HFpEF, indicating that the other comorbidities associated with HFpEF play a significant role. In order to draw robust conclusions safely regarding these efficacy outcomes, further large trials need to evaluate the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitors in a sufficient number of patients with HFpEF.

The various subphenotypes of HFpEF and its management have puzzled physicians for several years. The high rates of morbidity and mortality that it carries, along with the diagnostic and treatment challenges, have transformed it in one of the most challenging clinical entities. SGLT2i appear to provide some light and positivity, as their cardiometabolic profile impacts favourably on the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved in HFpEF.9 However, the quest to untangle the complexity of treating HFpEF is certainly not over. We show conclusively that for LVEF 40–50% included as HFpEF in previous studies (but no longer considered HFpEF in the guidelines) there is a strong benefit from SGLT2i translating to reduced cardiovascular mortality and HHF, but not overall mortality. This also extended to the LVEF >50% but with a smaller effect. Additionally, while the vast majority of the patients included in this meta-analysis were individuals with diabetes at baseline, the cardioprotective benefits of the SGLT2i have been shown to occur via mechanisms independent of baseline diabetes status.10 Furthermore, the effect of SGLT2i in patients with reduced EF without diabetes is well-documented9,10 and EMPEROR-Preserved also included patients without diabetes, therefore their effect is applicable to patients without diabetes.]]></description>
<dc:subject>SGLT2 inhibitor risk benefit heart failure ejection fraction meta-analysis diabetes comorbidity cardiac cardiovascular protection peer-reviewed research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:c3be4a0be53b/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02188-7/fulltext">
    <title>Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, phase 3 trial - The Lancet</title>
    <dc:date>2021-10-25T01:20:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)02188-7/fulltext</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[Lilly assesses] efficacy and [especially cardiovascular] safety of the novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide vs insulin glargine in adult [type 2 diabetics with high CV] risk inadequately controlled on oral glucose-lowering medications.
]]></description>
<dc:subject>insulin glargine GIP GLP-1 receptor A1c Hb hemoglobin benefit risk cardiovascular peer-reviewed research clinical trial human in vivo</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/home/topics/diabetes/increased-risk-for-major-adverse-cardiovascular-events-with-insulin-in-patients-with-diabetes-and-acs/?NID=-1&amp;cpn&amp;email_hash=983917dd1eba78eb44e393fea65df5ca&amp;hmEmail=Jw_YJjhVyI84iX-Oepu7iw7YiNSIB0EK31LP7LVx8w01&amp;hmSubId=YY-zPItNrOw1&amp;mpweb=1323-153862-7624403">
    <title>Insulin Use Linked to Risk for MACE Among Individuals With Stable Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome - Endocrinology Advisor</title>
    <dc:date>2021-09-21T02:51:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/home/topics/diabetes/increased-risk-for-major-adverse-cardiovascular-events-with-insulin-in-patients-with-diabetes-and-acs/?NID=-1&amp;cpn&amp;email_hash=983917dd1eba78eb44e393fea65df5ca&amp;hmEmail=Jw_YJjhVyI84iX-Oepu7iw7YiNSIB0EK31LP7LVx8w01&amp;hmSubId=YY-zPItNrOw1&amp;mpweb=1323-153862-7624403</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>treatment risk benefit insulin cardiovascular heart ACS acute coronary syndome peer-reviewed research in vivo human clinical trial</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d28499eda07c/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/04/20/as-marijuana-use-grows-researchers-want-to-know-how-it-affects-the-heart">
    <title>As marijuana use grows, researchers want to know how it affects the heart | American Heart Association</title>
    <dc:date>2021-09-11T17:32:03+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.heart.org/en/news/2020/04/20/as-marijuana-use-grows-researchers-want-to-know-how-it-affects-the-heart</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Kloner said evaluating various studies conducted over the years is complicated because marijuana has become more potent. There also is the quandary that the main components of marijuana, cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), may be working at cross purposes.

For example, Kloner said, some studies suggest CBD could reduce heart rate and blood pressure, while THC – the chemical that produces euphoria – may raise heart rate and blood pressure.

"What we want to do is try to tease out the potential positive things that there could be in CBD and understand a bit more what THC is doing," he said, "and maybe come up with ways of counteracting that."

And Kloner has a warning about vaping. "Based on very recent studies, vaping of THC or marijuana, especially if it is cut with vitamin E acetate oil, should be avoided as this usage has now been associated with" lung injury and respiratory distress.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cannabis marijuana recreational medicinal use heart cardiac effects cardiovascular blood pressure overview research clinical human in vivo population</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/home/topics/diabetes/type-2-diabetes/weight-loss-and-cardiovascular-renal-benefit-with-sglt2-inhibitors-in-t2d/?hmSubId=YY-zPItNrOw1&amp;hmEmail=Jw_YJjhVyI84iX-Oepu7iw7YiNSIB0EK31LP7LVx8w01&amp;NID=-1&amp;email_hash=983917dd1eba78eb44e393fea65df5ca&amp;mpweb=1323-149900-7624403">
    <title>SGLT2 Inhibitors Lead to Favorable Renal, CV Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes - Endocrinology Advisor</title>
    <dc:date>2021-08-25T17:28:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/home/topics/diabetes/type-2-diabetes/weight-loss-and-cardiovascular-renal-benefit-with-sglt2-inhibitors-in-t2d/?hmSubId=YY-zPItNrOw1&amp;hmEmail=Jw_YJjhVyI84iX-Oepu7iw7YiNSIB0EK31LP7LVx8w01&amp;NID=-1&amp;email_hash=983917dd1eba78eb44e393fea65df5ca&amp;mpweb=1323-149900-7624403</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[There was a “possible benefit” for SGLT2 inhibitors in regard to major adverse CV events across 4 systematic reviews (OR/HR range, 0.80-0.89). In contrast, SGLT2 inhibitors featured “clear evidence of no effect or equivalence” for stroke and fractures. Also, there was a “clear evidence of harm” with SGLT2 inhibitors for genital infections (RR/OR range, 2.06-5.25) and ketoacidosis (HR/OR range, 1.36-2.20).]]></description>
<dc:subject>SGLT2 inhibitors peer-reviewed research human clinical trial review in vivo situ risk benefit diabetes treatment T2D type 2 kidney heart cardiovascular CVD genital infection necrosis diabetic ketoacidosis DKA</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:253b12fb0e87/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C7&amp;as_vis=1&amp;q=whole+grains+longevity+cardiovascular+cardiac+risk&amp;btnG=">
    <title>whole grains longevity cardiovascular cardiac risk - Google Scholar</title>
    <dc:date>2021-03-28T00:49:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C7&amp;as_vis=1&amp;q=whole+grains+longevity+cardiovascular+cardiac+risk&amp;btnG=</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[whole grains longevity cardiovascular cardiac risk]]></description>
<dc:subject>whole grains longevity cardiovascular cardiac risk benefit protection diet food foods</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/28/11/2756">
    <title>Increased Mortality Risks of Pre-Diabetes (Impaired Fasting Glucose) in Taiwan | Diabetes Care</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-27T17:44:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/28/11/2756</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RESULTS—FBG ≥110 mg/dl was associated with increased mortality risks for all causes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and diabetes. IFG, when defined as 110–125 mg/dl, was associated with a significant increase for CVD and/or diabetes mortality. These mortality risks remained elevated when known CVD risk factors were adjusted for. The IFG group shared risk factor characteristics more with the FBG ≥126 mg/dl group than with the FBG <110 mg/dl group. When IFG was defined as 100–125 mg/dl, the number of subjects quadrupled, but mortality risks diminished substantially because of the inclusion of 100–109 mg/dl group. The lowest FBG group, 50–75 mg/dl, had a significant 2-fold risk from all causes.

CONCLUSIONS—There was an overall J-shaped relationship between all-cause mortality and FBG. IFG, when defined as 110–125 mg/dl, is an independent risk factor and should be aggressively treated as a disease because its subsequent mortality risks for CVD and diabetes were significantly increased. The newly defined IFG at 100–125 mg/dl did not have the predictive power for later increases in CVD or diabetes mortality.]]></description>
<dc:subject>FBG IFG impaired fasting blood glucose mortality CVD cardiovascular disease risk threshold diagnostic standards prediabetes diabetes all-cause peer-reviewed research in vivo human cohort study</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:117b43629584/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.medpagetoday.org/infectiousdisease/uritheflu/88447?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2020-09-04&amp;eun=g894600d0r&amp;vpass=1">
    <title>Link Between Influenza and Acute Heart Issues Confirmed by CDC Study | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-21T07:59:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.medpagetoday.org/infectiousdisease/uritheflu/88447?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2020-09-04&amp;eun=g894600d0r&amp;vpass=1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Among more than 80,000 adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza, nearly 12% suffered an acute cardiovascular event, most commonly acute heart failure and acute ischemic heart disease, according to a cross-sectional study from CDC researchers.
Note that clinicians should be advised to encourage influenza vaccination, especially in those with underlying chronic conditions, to protect against acute cardiovascular events associated with influenza.]]></description>
<dc:subject>influenza flu cardiovascular risk events human retrospective in vivo cross-sectional peer-reviewed research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:bfcd7be5b46b/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/32/3038/5901158">
    <title>COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease | European Heart Journal | Oxford Academic</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-21T06:00:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/32/3038/5901158</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["SARS-CoV-2 produces protean manifestations ranging from head to toe, wreaking seemingly indiscriminate havoc on multiple organ systems including the lungs, heart, brain, kidney and vasculature." (You know, right? But the best clinical abstract I've read.) ]]></description>
<dc:subject>COVID19 COVID endothelial cardiovascular heart brain kidneys risk morbidity mortality</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:6e7a6923a604/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:endothelial"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:morbidity"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glycemic-control-and-vascular-complications-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus">
    <title>Glycemic control and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus - UpToDate</title>
    <dc:date>2018-09-14T04:16:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.uptodate.com/contents/glycemic-control-and-vascular-complications-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[tl;dr: Glycemic control improves microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes, including progression of nephropathy, manifestation and progression of retinopathy, and retinal photocoagulation; and showed a beneficial effect of intensive therapy on the development of more advanced clinical outcomes in renal disease and its precursors in the one study with long-enough follow up to assess effect. Cardiovascular risk benefit "has not been established as clearly" for type 2 as for type 1.]

Although the role of glycemic control on microvascular disease in type 2 diabetes was documented in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), its role in reducing cardiovascular risk has not been established as clearly for type 2 diabetes....

improving glycemic control improves microvascular outcomes, as illustrated by the findings of a meta-analysis of randomized trials (34,912 participants) [5]. There was a reduction in the risk of microvascular complications (a composite outcome including progression of nephropathy, manifestation and progression of retinopathy, and retinal photocoagulation) in the intensive compared with standard glycemic control group (relative risk [RR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.95). There were significant reductions in risk for each of the individual components.

In other meta-analyses of trials (over 28,000 adults) evaluating the benefits of intensive versus conventional glycemic control specifically on renal outcomes, there was a statistically significant reduction in the risk of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in patients randomly assigned to intensive glycemic control (risk ratios of 0.86 and 0.74, respectively) [6,7]. The reduction in risk of end-stage renal disease did not reach statistical significance (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.46-1.05). There was no reduction in the risk of doubling of the serum creatinine level or death from renal disease (RRs 1.06 and 0.99, respectively) [6]. Of note, the majority of the trials in the meta-analyses were not of long enough duration to show a beneficial effect of glycemic control on end-stage renal disease, which typically manifests after 10 to 20 years of diabetes duration [8]. In the trials included in the meta-analyses, the absolute rates of severe renal outcomes were low in both the intensive- and conventional-therapy groups, reducing the ability of the analysis to demonstrate a benefit, if one exists. In the one trial with longer-term follow-up (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study [UKPDS] cohort followed for 22 years), there was a beneficial effect of intensive therapy on the development of more advanced clinical outcomes, including renal disease]]></description>
<dc:subject>type 2 T2D diabetes risk tight management glucose control blood benefit morbidity mortality microvascular complications kidneys eyes retinopathy nephropathy renal disease cardiovascular peer-reviewed research review meta-analysis overview in vivo situ human clinical trial symptoms comorbidities self treatment care</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:3e19f0b0c07b/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2697696?widget=personalizedcontent&amp;previousarticle=2697677">
    <title>Association of Cardiovascular Health Level in Older Age With Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia | Cardiology | JAMA | JAMA Network</title>
    <dc:date>2018-08-26T19:33:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2697696?widget=personalizedcontent&amp;previousarticle=2697677</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[These findings may support the promotion of cardiovascular health to prevent development of risk factors associated with dementia.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cardiovascular heart brain risk health dementia benefit correlation peer-reviewed research human in situ cohort vivo</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:5dd3803ee86c/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.cosmopolitan.com/health-fitness/news/a36957/can-a-sauna-session-count-as-a-workout/">
    <title>Can a Sauna Session Count as a Workout?</title>
    <dc:date>2018-07-19T01:57:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.cosmopolitan.com/health-fitness/news/a36957/can-a-sauna-session-count-as-a-workout/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Those who sweated it out two to three times per week were 23 percent less likely to suffer from coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease. People who sauna-bathed four to seven times per week were 48 percent less likely to die of those heart diseases — and 40 percent less likely to die of any other causes than people who only sauna-bathed once per week. 

The longer people spent in the heat during each sauna session — which ran from two- to 90-minutes(!) long — the greater their risk of survival. Guys who spent more than 19 minutes in the sauna were 52 percent less likely to suffer sudden cardiac death that men who sauna-bathed for less than 11 minutes at a time.]]></description>
<dc:subject>sauna bathing risk benefit cardiac cardiovascular morbidity mortality correlation human cohort prospective in vivo situ peer-reviewed research all-cause</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:83a3bfc5857d/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16670693">
    <title>Cereal grains and legumes in the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke: a review of the literature. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2017-11-10T14:36:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16670693</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The intake of wholegrain foods clearly protects against heart disease and stroke but the exact mechanism is not clear. Fibre, magnesium, folate and vitamins B6 and vitamin E may be important. The intake of high GI carbohydrates (from both grain and non-grain sources) in large amounts is associated with an increased risk of heart disease in overweight and obese women even when fibre intake is high but this requires further confirmation in normal-weight women.
RECOMMENDATION:
Carbohydrate-rich foods should be wholegrain and if they are not, then the lowest GI product available should be consumed. Glycemic index is largely irrelevant for foods that contain small amounts of carbohydrate per serve (such as most vegetables).]]></description>
<dc:subject>GI glycemic index load GL carbohydrates vegetables fiber blood glucose lipids management risk diet self care peer-reviewed research zinc magnesium vitamin E supplements cholesterol harm reduction bran CHD cardiovascular protection in vivo human review overview stroke saelf B6 folate antioxidant</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:overview"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:stroke"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:saelf"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:B6"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:folate"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:antioxidant"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17992181">
    <title>Dietary carbohydrate: relationship to cardiovascular disease and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-18T00:25:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17992181</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The nature of carbohydrate is of considerable importance when recommending diets intended to reduce the risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease and in the treatment of patients who already have established diseases. Intact fruits, vegetables, legumes and wholegrains are the most appropriate sources of carbohydrate. Most are rich in nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) (dietary fibre) and other potentially cardioprotective components. Many of these foods, especially those that are high in dietary fibre, will reduce total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and help to improve glycaemic control in those with diabetes. There is no good long-term evidence of benefit when NSPs or other components of wholegrains, fruits, vegetables and legumes are added to functional and manufactured foods. Frequent consumption of low glycaemic index foods has been reported to confer similar benefits, but it is not clear whether such benefits are independent of the dietary fibre content of these foods or the fact that low glycaemic index foods tend to have intact plant cell walls. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether functional and manufactured foods with a low glycaemic index confer the same long-term benefits as low glycaemic index plant-based foods. A wide range of carbohydrate intake is acceptable, provided the nature of carbohydrate is appropriate. Failure to emphasize the need for carbohydrate to be derived principally from wholegrain cereals, fruits, vegetables and legumes may result in increased lipoprotein-mediated risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in overweight and obese individuals who are insulin resistant.]]></description>
<dc:subject>risk benefit industrialized processed lipids vegetables cardiovascular blood whole grain fruit carbohydrate legumes glucose peer-reviewed research response insulin fiber comparison overview correlation type 2 T2D effect diet epidemiology etiology self care management long term short soluble insoluble metabolism prevention intact integrity diabetes cause factor factors</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:617bdbd5d015/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035340">
    <title>Targeting glucose metabolism for healthy aging. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-15T18:35:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035340</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Advancing age is the greatest single risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Thus, the ability to target the aging process can facilitate improved healthspan and potentially lifespan. Lack of adequate glucoregulatory control remains a recurrent theme accompanying aging and chronic disease, while numerous longevity interventions result in maintenance of glucoregulatory control. In this review, we propose targeting glucose metabolism to enhance regulatory control as a means to ameliorate the aging process. We highlight that calorie restriction improves glucoregulatory control and extends both lifespan and healthspan in model organisms, but we also indicate more practical interventions (i.e., calorie restriction mimetics) are desirable for clinical application in humans. Of the calorie restriction mimetics being investigated, we focus on the type 2 diabetes drug acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor that when taken with a meal, results in reduced enzymatic degradation and absorption of glucose from complex carbohydrates. We discuss alternatives to acarbose that yield similar physiologic effects and describe dietary sources (e.g., sweet potatoes, legumes, and berries) of bioactive compounds with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. We indicate future research should include exploration of how non-caloric compounds like α-glucosidase inhibitors modify macronutrient metabolism prior to disease onset, which may guide nutritional/lifestyle interventions to support health and reduce age-related disease risk.

[Note mention of metformin in graphical abstract.]]]></description>
<dc:subject>hyperglycemia diabetes type 2 T2D blood glucose diet foods legumes berries sweet potatoes SMBG self care risk cardiovascular kidney neuropathy nephropathy chronic disease progression aging caloric calorie restriction acarbose metformin peak excursion spike peer-reviewed research target range management normal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:aeb2a502e957/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519037">
    <title>Postprandial glucose regulation: new data and new implications. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-15T12:25:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16519037</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a gradual decline in insulin secretion in response to nutrient loads; hence, it is primarily a disorder of postprandial glucose (PPG) regulation. However, physicians continue to rely on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to guide management.
OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this article are to review current data on postprandial hyperglycemia and to assess whether, and how, management of type 2 diabetes should change to reflect new clinical findings.
METHODS:
Articles were selected from MEDLINE searches (key words: postprandial glucose, postprandial hyperglycemia, and cardiovascular disease) and from our personal reference files, with emphasis on the contribution of postprandial hyperglycemia to overall glycemic load or cardiovascular (CV) risk.
RESULTS:
About 33% of people diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes based on postprandial hyperglycemia have normal FPG. PPG contributes > or =70% to the total glycemic load in patients who are fairly well controlled (HbA1c <7.3%). Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between the risk of CV death and the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Increased mortality is evident at OGTT levels of approximately 90 mg/dL (5 mmol/L), which is well below current definitions of type 2 diabetes. Biphasic insulin aspart was shown to be more effective at reducing HbA1c below currently recommended levels than basal insulin glargine (66% vs 40%; P < 0.001), and it reduced endothelial dysfunction more effectively than regular insulin (P < 0.01). Repaglinide achieved regression of carotid atherosclerosis (intima-media thickness) in 52% of patients versus 18% for glyburide (P < 0.01) over 1 year, although levels of HbA1c and CV risk factors were similar for both treatment groups. Finally, acarbose reduced the relative risk of CV events by 49% over 3.3 years versus placebo in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (2.2% vs 4.7%; P = 0.03) and by 35% over > or =1 year in patients with type 2 diabetes (9.4% vs 6.1%; P = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS:
All components of the glucose triad (ie, FPG, HbA1c, and PPG) should be considered in the management of type 2 diabetes. Therapy targeted at PPG has been shown to improve glucose control and to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis and CV events; therefore, physicians should consider monitoring and targeting PPG, as well as HbA1c and FPG, in patients with type 2 diabetes.]]></description>
<dc:subject>hyperglycemia diabetes type 2 T2D blood glucose postprandial spike peak SMBG self care risk cardiovascular excursion damage vessel wall epithelial atherosclerosis morbidity mortality threshold peer-reviewed research prognostic target range management normal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:369cb055d931/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12166606">
    <title>Postprandial hyperglycaemia: noxious effects on the vessel wall. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-15T02:56:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12166606</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In recent years postchallenge or postprandial hyperglycaemia has been found to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular comorbidities and all-cause mortality in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes. With the database of the Risk Factors in IGT for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study, it was also shown that atherosclerosis as measured by intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries was associated with 2-hour postchallenge glucose level when HbA1c was normal. Taken together there are now comprehensive and consistent data from pathophysiological as well as epidemiological studies that excessive post-load glucose excursions have acute and chronic harmful effects on the endothelium and vessel wall. This is supported by four outcome studies that included control of postprandial glucose to prevent cardiovascular disease: Diabetes Intervention Study (DIS), Kumamoto study, DIGAMI study, and STOP-NIDDM trial. Therefore, in addition to HbA1c and fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose monitoring should be an integral part of treatment to prevent acute and chronic complications.]]></description>
<dc:subject>hyperglycemia diabetes type 2 T2D blood glucose postprandial spike peak SMBG self care risk cardiovascular excursion damage vessel wall epithelial atherosclerosis peer-reviewed research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:28ce62ad71c8/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12166607">
    <title>Postprandial peaks as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: epidemiological perspectives. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-15T02:52:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12166607</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[A key issue in diabetes care is selecting glucose parameters to monitor and control. The recommendations of the American Diabetes Association for glycaemic control do not address postprandial glucose (PPG), but patients with type 2 diabetes experience wide variations in glucose levels after meals. We have observed a remarkable increase in plasma glucose two hours after breakfast and/or lunch in most non-insulin-treated patients; for up to 40% of them the increase is >40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l). As many as 70% of patients with an HbA1c <7% have PPG values >160 mg/dl (8.9 mmol/l) after meals. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is a poor indicator of plasma glucose at other times. The coefficient of correlation of FPG with plasma glucose at other times ranges from 0.50-0.70. Nor is the correlation of FPG with HbA1c very strong: in hundreds of determinations of HbA1c and FPG in our patients, the coefficient of correlation was not greater than 0.73. For the same FPG value, HbA1c varied markedly, and vice versa; further, the correlation between PPG and HbA1c was no higher than that between FPG and HbA1c (r = 0.65). Thus, monitoring in type 2 diabetes should include PPG along with FPG and HbA1c. Recent data provide direct and indirect evidence suggesting that PPG is independently related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and supporting the idea that PPG should be assessed and glucose excursions with meals should be controlled: 1. Studies conducted by other investigators and ourselves in patients with type 2 diabetes have shown that the incidence of CVD is independently related to postprandial or post-OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) blood glucose at baseline. In addition, data collected in the general population show an association between 2-hour OGTT plasma glucose (a surrogate of PPG) and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is independent of FPG. Also, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and isolated post-challenge hyperglycaemia have an increased cardiovascular risk over subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We found that IGT subjects had a risk of carotid stenosis 3-fold higher than subjects with NGT, even after adjustment for several confounders. Thus, a modest increase in post-OGTT plasma glucose and, by extrapolation, PPG seems to have a major detrimental effect on the arteries. 2. When FPG and/or HbA1c were the targets of glucose control in studies of patients with type 2 diabetes (the UGDP, VACSDM, and UKPDS) the effects on CVD were minimal. However, when the targets of glucose control included PPG (the Kumamoto Study and DIGAMI Study) favorable effects on CVD were observed. 3. There is experimental data suggesting that acute hyperglycaemia can exert deleterious effects on the arterial wall through mechanisms including oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the coagulation cascade. This evidence prompted the European Diabetes Policy Group to set postprandial targets for blood glucose control: postprandial peaks should not exceed 135 mg/dl (7.5 mmol/ml) to reduce arterial risk and should not exceed 160 mg/dl (8.9 mmol/l) to reduce microvascular risk. Thus, glucose care in diabetes is not only "fasting glucose care" or "HbA1c care" but is also "postprandial glucose care."]]></description>
<dc:subject>hyperglycemia diabetes type 2 T2D blood glucose postprandial spike peak SMBG self care risk cardiovascular excursion peer-reviewed research target range management normal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:625c5415bbe9/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:T2D"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:blood"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:glucose"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:postprandial"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:spike"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peak"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:SMBG"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:self"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:care"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:excursion"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:target"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:range"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:management"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:normal"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://blog.profil.com/blog/addressing-postprandial-glucose-excursion-what-is-the-evidence">
    <title>Addressing postprandial glucose excursion – What is the evidence?</title>
    <dc:date>2017-09-10T22:46:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://blog.profil.com/blog/addressing-postprandial-glucose-excursion-what-is-the-evidence</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>blood glucose excursions SMBG pathophysiology circulation cardiovascular risk peak excursion spike peer-reviewed research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:8af8785cf54f/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:blood"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:glucose"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:excursions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:SMBG"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:pathophysiology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:circulation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peak"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:excursion"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:spike"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-heart-associations-junk-science-diet">
    <title>The Heart Association’s Junk Science Diet</title>
    <dc:date>2017-06-19T17:33:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.thedailybeast.com/the-heart-associations-junk-science-diet</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>science diet saturated fats carbohydrates cardiovascular risk correlation criticism corruption</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:91484c81d95a/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:science"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diet"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:saturated"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:fats"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:carbohydrates"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:criticism"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:corruption"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/01/03/507562845/staying-fit-isnt-a-new-years-resolution-for-these-hunter-gatherers">
    <title>Researchers Strapped Fitness Devices On Hadza Men And Women To See How Active They Are : Goats and Soda : NPR</title>
    <dc:date>2017-01-03T21:54:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/01/03/507562845/staying-fit-isnt-a-new-years-resolution-for-these-hunter-gatherers</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["You put a bit of activity into everything you do. Forget this artificial distinction between exercise and life."]]></description>
<dc:subject>fitness exercise activity lifestyle cardiac cardiovascular risk factor peer-reviewed research evolution human disease prevention population studies epidemiology blood pressure cholesterol earnest</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:77884855ed16/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:fitness"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:exercise"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:activity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:lifestyle"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiac"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:factor"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:evolution"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:human"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:disease"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prevention"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:population"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:studies"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:epidemiology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:blood"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:pressure"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cholesterol"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:earnest"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-eli-lilly-fda-idUSKBN13R2C3">
    <title>FDA lets Lilly cite Jardiance heart data, shares jump | Reuters</title>
    <dc:date>2016-12-07T03:18:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.reuters.com/article/us-eli-lilly-fda-idUSKBN13R2C3</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[At the time of approval [of Lilly's SGLT2 inhibitor Jardiance] the FDA asked that a separate trial be conducted to show the drug did not increase the risk of cardiovascular problems.

The study instead unexpectedly showed Jardiance slashed deaths by 32 percent in patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of heart attack and stroke, when added to standard diabetes medications.

It was the first time any diabetes drug was shown to reduce risk of cardiovascular death. Moreover, patients taking Jardiance had a 35 percent lower rate of hospitalization for heart failure. That information can now be included on the drug's label.

[Other SGLT2 inhibitors] include Johnson & Johnson's $1.3 billion-a-year Invokana and AstraZeneca Plc's Farxiga.

[Per @MarkHamel, Victoza has similar data.]]]></description>
<dc:subject>drug effects benefit treatment diabetes type 2 T2D cardiovascular heart risk morbidity mortality dcde</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:5cd350f0c2d6/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:drug"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:effects"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:benefit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:treatment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diabetes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:type"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:2"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:T2D"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:heart"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:morbidity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:mortality"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:dcde"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781574/">
    <title>Favorable Effects of Insulin Sensitizers Pertinent to Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes</title>
    <dc:date>2016-06-11T01:56:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3781574/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial randomly assigned participants to insulin sensitization (IS) therapy versus insulin-providing (IP) therapy for glycemic control. Results showed similar 5-year mortality in the two glycemic treatment arms. In secondary analyses reported here, we examine the effects of treatment assignment on the incidence of PAD. A total of 1,479 BARI 2D participants with normal ankle-brachial index (ABI) (0.91–1.30) were eligible for analysis. The following PAD-related outcomes are evaluated in this article: new low ABI ≤0.9, a lower-extremity revascularization, lower-extremity amputation, and a composite of the three outcomes.

RESULTS

During an average 4.6 years of follow-up, 303 participants experienced one or more of the outcomes listed above. Incidence of the composite outcome was significantly lower among participants assigned to IS therapy than those assigned to IP therapy (16.9 vs. 24.1%; P < 0.001). The difference was significant in time-to-event analysis (hazard ratio 0.66 [95% CI 0.51–0.83], P < 0.001) and remained significant after adjustment for in-trial HbA1c (0.76 [0.59–0.96], P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

In participants with type 2 diabetes who are free from PAD, a glycemic control strategy of insulin sensitization may be the preferred therapeutic strategy to reduce the incidence of PAD and subsequent outcomes.]]></description>
<dc:subject>limb risk amputation PAD peripheral arterial disease clinical research human in vivo retrospective insulin sensitizer mimetic leg foot trial postmarket situ cardiovascular</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:3c3ee3aae5a0/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:limb"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:amputation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:PAD"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peripheral"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:arterial"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:disease"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:clinical"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:retrospective"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:insulin"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:sensitizer"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:mimetic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:leg"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:foot"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:trial"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:postmarket"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:situ"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499267115008941">
    <title>Dietary Patterns in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Predict Cardiometabolic Risk Factors</title>
    <dc:date>2016-04-27T22:32:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1499267115008941</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Dietary patterns were derived from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in 196 adults with type 2 diabetes using principal components analysis (PCA). Multilinear regression models were fitted for the differing dietary pattern scores so as to estimate the marginal contribution of each variable explaining variations in diet. Differences in clinical variables across dietary patterns, adjusting for sex, smoking and total energy intake, were assessed.

Results

Three principal components (PCs), or patterns, were identified, explaining 56.5% of the total variance in diet: (PC1) fried foods, cakes and ice cream; (PC2) fish and vegetables; and (PC3) pasta, potatoes and breads. Female sex, current smoker and total energy were significant associated with patterns. Total energy accounted for the greatest amount of variance in each pattern (11.2% for fried foods, cakes and ice cream, 3.89% for fish and vegetables and 9.21% for pasta, potatoes and breads). After adjustment for sex, smoking and total energy, the pasta, potatoes and breads pattern was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.]]></description>
<dc:subject>risk food combinations patterns correlation cardiometabolic metabolic cardiovascular LDL cholesterol blood pressure pasta bread potatoes carbohydrates</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:6cd8cc5a44c5/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:food"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:combinations"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:patterns"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiometabolic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:metabolic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:LDL"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cholesterol"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:blood"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:pressure"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:pasta"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:bread"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:potatoes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:carbohydrates"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1819573">
    <title>JAMA Network | JAMA Internal Medicine | Added Sugar Intake and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality Among US Adults</title>
    <dc:date>2016-03-08T22:37:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1819573</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>sugar risk heart disease cardiovascular intake peer-reviewed research Yang</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:8d9065e86879/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:sugar"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:heart"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:disease"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:intake"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Yang"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.google.com/#newwindow=1&amp;q=trans+fats+insulin+resistance+Lovejoy+risk+of+type+2+diabetes+obesity+Salmeron+cardiovascular+disease+heart+failure">
    <title>trans fats insulin resistance Lovejoy risk of type 2 diabetes obesity Salmeron cardiovascular disease heart failure - Google Search</title>
    <dc:date>2016-03-08T21:23:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.google.com/#newwindow=1&amp;q=trans+fats+insulin+resistance+Lovejoy+risk+of+type+2+diabetes+obesity+Salmeron+cardiovascular+disease+heart+failure</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>trans fats insulin resistance Lovejoy risk of type 2 diabetes obesity Salmeron cardiovascular disease heart failure</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:647d54af5afc/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:trans"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:fats"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:insulin"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:resistance"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Lovejoy"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:of"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:type"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:2"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diabetes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:obesity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Salmeron"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:disease"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:heart"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:failure"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160209090616.htm">
    <title>Bacterial molecules discovered in processed foods could unlock key to healthier diets -- ScienceDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2016-02-14T23:57:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160209090616.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[February 9, 2016
Source:
University of Leicester
Summary:
Our favorite foods could be made healthier thanks to a new technique which has identified harmful bacterial molecules in certain processed foods such as burgers and ready meals. The study identifies a particular kind of contaminating molecule known as 'pathogen-associated molecular patterns' (PAMPs), which are released by certain types of bacteria as they grow during some food processing and refrigeration processes, and may increase our risk of developing conditions such as coronary artery disease and Type 2 diabetes.

"In a study of 11 healthy human volunteers, adherence to the specially designed low PAMP diet for just one week caused a significant 18% reduction in LDL (bad) cholesterol and an 11% reduction in white blood cell count. Volunteers also lost weight (on average 0.6 kg) and their waist circumference was reduced (average 1.5 cm), during the low PAMP diet. These are key risk factors for coronary artery disease and Type II diabetes," according to Dr Clett Erridge, University of Leicester....

PAMPs are undetectable in non-processed and fresh foods, suggesting that they develop during the manufacturing process....

M. Herieka, T.A. Faraj, C. Erridge. Reduced dietary intake of pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor stimulants favourably modifies markers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy men. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2015; DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.001]]></description>
<dc:subject>environment diet culture etiology diabetes contamination processed food foods PAMP pathogen associated molecular patterns earnest peer-reviewed research clinical trial in vivo human cardiovascular risk crossover industrialization correlation environmental factor public health cause factors</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:b975f61d7b84/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:environment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diet"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diabetes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:contamination"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:foods"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:PAMP"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:crossover"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:industrialization"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:environmental"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:factor"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:public"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:health"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cause"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:factors"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25185778">
    <title>Variation in prescribing of lipid-lowering medication in primary care is associated with incidence of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortalit... - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2016-01-22T05:09:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25185778</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[To examine variation between general practices in the prescription of lipid-lowering treatment to people with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes, and associations with practice and participant characteristics and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
METHODS:
Observational cohort analysis of data from 1533 people with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes aged 40-69 years from the ADDITION-Denmark study. One hundred and seventy-four general practices were cluster randomized to receive: (1) routine diabetes care according to national guidelines (623 individuals), or (2) intensive multifactorial target-driven management (910 individuals). Multivariable logistic regression was used to quantify the association between the proportion of individuals in each practice who redeemed prescriptions for lipid-lowering medication in the two years following diabetes diagnosis and a composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome, adjusting for age, sex, prevalent chronic disease, baseline CVD risk factors, smoking and lipid-lowering medication, and follow-up time.
RESULTS:
The proportion of individuals treated with lipid-lowering medication varied widely between practices (0-100%). There were 118 CVD events over 9431 person-years of follow-up. For the whole trial cohort, the risk of CVD was significantly higher in practices in the lowest compared with the highest quartile for prescribing lipid-lowering medication [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-7.3]. Similar trends were found for all-cause mortality.
CONCLUSIONS:
More frequent prescription of lipid-lowering treatment was associated with a lower incidence of CVD and all-cause mortality. Improved understanding of factors underlying practice variation in prescribing may enable more frequent use of lipid-lowering treatment. The results highlight the benefits of intensive treatment of people with screen-detected diabetes (Clinical Trials Registry No; NCT 00237549).
© 2014 The Authors. Diabetic Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Diabetes UK.]]></description>
<dc:subject>lipids dyslipiodemia cholesterol blood fats correlation peer-reviewed research drug risk benefit statins cardiovascular</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:6910271cbac7/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:dyslipiodemia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cholesterol"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:blood"/>
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</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002470.htm">
    <title>Fiber: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-16T21:14:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002470.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The average American now eats 10 to 15 grams of fiber per day. The recommendation for older children, adolescents, and adults is to eat  20 to 35 grams of fiber each day. Younger children will not be able to eat enough calories to achieve this amount, but it is a good idea to introduce whole grains, fresh fruits, and other high-fiber foods.

To ensure that you get enough fiber, eat a variety of foods, including:

Cereals
Dried beans and peas
Fruits
Vegetables
Whole grains
Add fiber gradually over a period of a few weeks to avoid stomach distress. Water helps fiber pass through the digestive system. Drink plenty of fluids (about 8 glasses of water or noncaloric fluid a day).

Taking the peels off fruits and vegetables reduces the amount of fiber you get from the food. Fiber-rich foods offer health benefits when eaten raw or cooked.]]></description>
<dc:subject>fiber food diet beans legumes self care treatment fruits vegetables benefit risk cardiovascular health weight control metabolism mineral absorption source supply peer-reviewed research clinical human in vivo body fat maintenance</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:8cef41b86157/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vegetables"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:body"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabeticconnect.com/diabetes-information-articles/general/1975-detecting-type-2-diabetes-early-may-reduce-heart-disease-death-risk">
    <title>Detecting Type 2 Diabetes Early May Reduce Heart Disease Death Risk | Diabetic Connect</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-05T19:12:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabeticconnect.com/diabetes-information-articles/general/1975-detecting-type-2-diabetes-early-may-reduce-heart-disease-death-risk</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Overall, the data showed that “over 10 years, the model predicts that for people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, screening would be associated with a 29 percent reduction in relative risk of a cardiovascular disease event, compared with a delay of six years in diagnosis and treatment,” the researchers explained in the news release.

“This research shows that the early identification of diabetes has major health benefits, and supports the introduction of measures such as screening to reduce the time between development of type 2 diabetes and its treatment,” said William Herman, MD, lead author of the study and a professor at the University of Michigan Medical School.

Based on this research, getting screened for type 2 diabetes as part of your regular care could positively affect your heart health. Make sure to stay up-to-date in your diabetes screening and treatment to protect that heart of yours.]]></description>
<dc:subject>diagnosis type 2 diabetes T2D prognostic morbidity prevention protection correlation peer-reviewed research heart cardiovascular dcde</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:73fabc1fcc83/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:type"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:2"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diabetes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:T2D"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prognostic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:morbidity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prevention"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:protection"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:dcde"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12556541">
    <title>Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2015-04-21T13:01:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12556541</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients was 55.1 years, and the mean follow-up was 7.8 years. The decline in glycosylated hemoglobin values, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels measured after an overnight fast, and urinary albumin excretion rate were all significantly greater in the intensive-therapy group than in the conventional-therapy group. Patients receiving intensive therapy also had a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.73), nephropathy (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.17 to 0.87), retinopathy (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.21 to 0.86), and autonomic neuropathy (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.79).
CONCLUSIONS:
A target-driven, long-term, intensified intervention aimed at multiple risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria reduces the risk of cardiovascular and microvascular events by about 50 percent.]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes type 2 T2D intensive treatment microalbuminaria multifactorial tight control multimodal risk complications late-stage symptoms comorbidities end-stage Danish 2003 human in vivo Denmark NEJM aggressive intervention benefit clinical trial self management cardiovascular nephropathy kidneys retinopathy neuropathy care peer-reviewed research microvascular situ blood glucose morbidity behavioral</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:477b4ec94a4f/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:intensive"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:microalbuminaria"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:end-stage"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Danish"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:2003"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Denmark"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:NEJM"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:aggressive"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:microvascular"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:glucose"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:morbidity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:behavioral"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetes.org/research-and-practice/student-resources/history-of-diabetes.html">
    <title>History of Diabetes: American Diabetes Association®</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-21T04:42:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetes.org/research-and-practice/student-resources/history-of-diabetes.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[1993

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) showed that keeping blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible slows the onset and progression of eye, kidney, and nerve diseases caused by diabetes. In fact, it demonstrated that any sustained lowering of blood glucose helps, even if the person has a history of poor control.
1998

Repaglinide, brand name Prandin (Novo Nordisk) is developed. Repaglinide belongs to a class of drugs known as meglitinides. They stimulate insulin secretion in the presence of glucose.

The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) shows that people with type 2 diabetes who practice tight control of blood sugar levels and blood pressure levels reduce their risk of complications, similar to the results of the DCCT in people with type 1 diabetes. Together these two studies transform the nature of diabetes care around the world. [They do? - DMM]
 2008

The results of the ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT studies are published and presented at the American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions. All three studies fail to show a benefit of intensive glycemic control on cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes who are at high cardiovascular risk. The results from these studies lead to clinical recommendations that call for a more individualized approach for setting glycemic goals and treatment targets.]]></description>
<dc:subject>DCCT tight control diabetes .d2t complications late-stage symptoms risk benefit blood glucose sugar history timeline research peer-reviewed drug effects cardiovascular self-monitored self monitoring SMBG comorbidities late end-stage management treatment target range normal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:08662e052464/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:control"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:.d2t"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:normal"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25198208">
    <title>A way to reverse CAD? - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2015-01-28T00:02:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25198208</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[PURPOSE:
Plant-based nutrition achieved coronary artery disease (CAD) arrest and reversal in a small study. However, there was skepticism that this approach could succeed in a larger group of patients. The purpose of our follow-up study was to define the degree of adherence and outcomes of 198 consecutive patient volunteers who received counseling to convert from a usual diet to plant-based nutrition.
METHODS:
We followed 198 consecutive patients counseled in plant-based nutrition. These patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) were interested in transitioning to plant-based nutrition as an adjunct to usual cardiovascular care. We considered participants adherent if they eliminated dairy, fish, and meat, and added oil.
RESULTS:
Of the 198 patients with CVD, 177 (89%) were adherent. Major cardiac events judged to be recurrent disease totaled one stroke in the adherent cardiovascular participants—a recurrent event rate of .6%, significantly less than reported by other studies of plant-based nutrition therapy. Thirteen of 21 (62%) nonadherent participants experienced adverse events.
CONCLUSION:
Most of the volunteer patients with CVD responded to intensive counseling, and those who sustained plant-based nutrition for a mean of 3.7 years experienced a low rate of subsequent cardiac events. This dietary approach to treatment deserves a wider test to see if adherence can be sustained in broader populations. Plant-based nutrition has the potential for a large effect on the CVD epidemic.]]></description>
<dc:subject>remission peer-reviewed oil prevention CAD Esselstyn coronary reversal cardiovascular disease research diet artery earnest</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:641d5b57fd4e/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/836445">
    <title>Sugar, Not Salt, May Be at Fault for Hypertension</title>
    <dc:date>2014-12-20T19:36:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/836445</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>peer-reviewed research huan in vivo interventional sugar risk cardiovascular cardiometabolic salt</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:ba937c36df7b/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:huan"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:interventional"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:sugar"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiometabolic"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/836490">
    <title>Is Niacin Done?</title>
    <dc:date>2014-12-20T19:27:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/836490</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Despite the better lipid profiles, those on niacin did not have better outcomes and no significant reduction in major vascular events. That is not all the bad news for those taking niacin. They also had more adverse events way beyond flushing: more myopathy, which was 10 times more likely in Chinese participants compared with those of European descent; more bleeding, including gastrointestinal bleeding and bleeding in intracranial and other sites; more diabetes—new diabetes diagnoses were increased by a third. And very surprising and unexpected: There was also an excess of serious infections in the niacin group.

So, not only did niacin not significantly reduce the risk for major vascular events, but the risk for serious adverse events was greatly increased.

As Donald Lloyd-Jones says in his accompanying editorial, it is time to face facts. For niacin and vascular effects, there is a consistent lack of benefit. 
[adding emphasis—DMM:]
Perhaps HDL-C level is a risk marker rather than a risk factor.]]></description>
<dc:subject>HDL niacin PLAY video risk marker factor drug supplement effects diabetogenic diabetes etiology adverse events bleeding cardiovascular infection myopathy lipids blood muscular cause</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:86bb9adadc90/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:muscular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cause"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=16101&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Is Moderate Wine Consumption in Type 2 Diabetes Beneficial?</title>
    <dc:date>2014-03-30T02:22:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=16101&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[
In this study, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages was associated with better cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients when compared to diabetics who did not consume alcoholic beverages
Heavy alcohol consumption was associated with a dose-dependent, increased risk of negative cardiovascular outcomes
Blomster JI, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Li Q, Chow CK, Woodward M, Mancia G, et al. The relationship between alcohol consumption and vascular complications and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014 Feb 27.]]></description>
<dc:subject>moderate wine alcohol use consumption type 2 diabetes benefit T2D risk dose-dependent correlation peer-reviewed research self care cardiovascular</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:9f00857aa30b/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:alcohol"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110411163803.htm">
    <title>Is the wrist bone connected to heart risk? -- ScienceDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-24T01:46:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110411163803.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The researchers sought an easy way for doctors to identify young people at greatest risk. They measured wrist circumference manually with a cloth tape measure and a subset of 51 of the children also underwent a painless imaging technique called nuclear magnetic resonance for precise measuring of the bony area vs. fatty area of the wrist. "We decided to use a parameter traditionally connected to the frame size, reversing its traditional use as a correction factor for BMI" said co-lead authors Marco Capizzi, M.D. and Gaetano Leto, M.D., Ph.D.
All of the children underwent blood tests to measure their insulin levels and to quantify the amount of insulin resistance.
The analysis of the entire study group indicated that the wrist circumference accounted for 12 percent of the variance in insulin resistance and in insulin levels. The imaging analysis indicated that the wrist bone size accounted for 17 percent of the variance in insulin resistance.
The researchers found that the correlation between the cross-section of the wrist bones and the level of insulin in the blood or the amount of insulin resistance were much stronger than the correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and insulin levels or insulin resistance. BMI is a numeric value of weight and height used clinically to estimate whether a person is normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese.
Several recent studies show that high blood insulin levels are associated with increased bone mass. The way in which insulin may act as a growth factor has become clearer with the discovery of insulin-like growth factor-1, a hormone with a chemical structure similar to insulin that regulates bone cell production.
Wrist circumference could be a marker for increased bone metabolism in the presence of high insulin levels. If so, wrist circumference may be an easy-to-detect measure of skeletal frame size that's not severely confounded by body fat variation around the time of puberty, Buzzetti said.]]></description>
<dc:subject>correlation peer-reviewed research wrist size skeletal mass density bone insulin resistance risk factor etiology diabetes type 2 T2D large frame BMI body circumference heart circulation cardiovascular cause chicken-and-egg</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d459c156aece/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/magazine/secrets-of-sound-health/">
    <title>Secrets of sound health | HSPH News | Harvard School of Public Health</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-07T04:06:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/magazine/secrets-of-sound-health/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Among children exposed to higher levels of jet roar before the airport was moved, stress hormones were higher and memory and reading comprehension lower. Their scores im­proved when the airport was moved—but the children newly exposed to the racket overhead began suffering the same deleterious effects.

“Calling noise a nuisance is like calling smog an inconve­nience. Noise must be considered a hazard to the health of people everywhere,” William Stewart, U.S. surgeon general in the late 1960s, prophetically remarked.

As Dominici and others have since shown, people who are bombarded daily by noise and seemingly inured to it may be suffering chronic biological stress of which they are completely unaware. And the damage may accrue over a lifetime. “It opens a whole series of questions about what exposure to noise does to your system,” says Dominici. “You may be adapting in your mind, but not in your body.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>noise environment health risk peer-reviewed research stress cardiovascular aging children urban design technological public pollution fight-or-flight hospitalization</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d38adeb82dcf/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/reaction-time-may-predict-longevity/?_php=true&amp;_type=blogs&amp;_php=true&amp;_type=blogs&amp;smid=tw-nytimeswell&amp;seid=auto&amp;_r=1">
    <title>Reaction Time May Predict Longevity - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-03T18:47:13+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/reaction-time-may-predict-longevity/?_php=true&amp;_type=blogs&amp;_php=true&amp;_type=blogs&amp;smid=tw-nytimeswell&amp;seid=auto&amp;_r=1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>longevity correlation peer-reviewed research cardiovascular mortality all-cause</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:78fa0d458cfc/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:all-cause"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=15695&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Adhering to Diet Recommendations Lowers Metabolic Syndrome Risks</title>
    <dc:date>2014-01-12T02:19:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=15695&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[For this study the researchers focused on 175 people who displayed at least two criteria for metabolic syndrome. Either high blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose concentration or abnormal blood lipid profile or they were [a] little overweight. On four days, their intake of nutrients was monitored using food diaries.

They noticed that nearly 80 percent of the participants' diet was high in saturated fat. And in one-third of the participants, there was [in?]sufficient intake of soft, polyunsaturated fat. The intake of dietary fiber was too low in 75 percent of subjects and 65 percent of them had high levels of salt. Twenty percent of them had insufficient intake of vitamin D and one third of men and one fourth of women had taken an excess of alcohol.

"The low adherence to nutrition recommendations is likely to further increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and the results indicate that the Nordic countries should increasingly invest in dietary assessments and counselling aimed at persons exhibiting features of metabolic syndrome," the researchers explain.

Food & Nutrition Research, January, 2-14 ]]></description>
<dc:subject>diet correlation peer-reviewed research metabolic syndrome etiology high blood pressure cholesterol fats lipids overweight sodium salt alcohol glucose dysglycemia dyslipidemia self care intervention treatment fiber saturated fat polyunsaturated vitamin D cardiovascular risk hypertension diabetes cause factor</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:8aeb556198ed/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&amp;dbid=112">
    <title>vitamin K</title>
    <dc:date>2014-01-01T00:52:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&amp;dbid=112</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>blood clotting vascular health calcification diatary sources vitamin K insulin resistance green vegetables leafy diet boner protection peer-reviewed research antioxidant anti-inflammatory inflammation neuroprotection neuroendocrine thyme tomatoes blueberries fermented soy cardiovascular heart circulation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:e452a987426c/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/strokes-increasing-among-young-people-study-finds-8C11453155">
    <title>Strokes increasing among young people, study finds - NBC News.com</title>
    <dc:date>2013-10-24T02:07:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nbcnews.com/health/strokes-increasing-among-young-people-study-finds-8C11453155</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Strokes increasing among young. #stroke #risk #comorbidity #diabetes #brain #cardiovascular #youth  via @nbcnewshealth]]></description>
<dc:subject>youth diabetes stroke brain cardiovascular risk comorbidities</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:2b6717287c48/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1306987">
    <title>Do Lifestyle Changes Reduce Serious Outcomes in Diabetes? — NEJM</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-29T05:35:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1306987</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The participants who received intensive lifestyle modifications experienced other benefits when compared to the diabetes education and support group, including decreased depressive symptoms, less self-reported retinopathy, and decreased risk of kidney disease.  Compared to the diabetes support and education group, the intensive lifestyle intervention reduced the average number of hospitalizations per year and the average number of medications per year. Hospitalizations were reduced by 11.9% from 0.193 to 0.17 hospitalizations per year, which translated into savings of $294 per year and $2,600 discounted over 10 years.  Moreover, the number of medications was reduced by 6.3% from 4.9 to 4.6 medications per year, translating into a savings of $278 per year and $2,487 discounted over 10 years. Average costs per year were $8,807 for the control group vs. $8,205 for the intervention group, leading to a significant reduction of $602 per year and $5,378 discounted over 10 years.  Significant reductions in hospitalizations occurred mainly among CV and pulmonary hospitalization, and significant reductions in medications occurred mainly among diabetes, lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications.  The study ultimately shows that obese or overweight people with type 2 diabetes should increase the amount that they exercise and increase their weight loss.]]></description>
<dc:subject>peer-reviewed research cardiovascular risk diabetes obesity human in vivo physical activity type 2 T2D correlation support treatment self care education depression comorbidities intensive lifestyle intervention retinopathy kidney disease hospitalization morbidity healthcare cost economics harm reduction behavioral change management behavior tight control exercise body fat clinical trial stress distress factor therapy etiology mitigation prevention symptoms late-stage complications benefit situ cause</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/17/cheating-ourselves-of-sleep/?smid=tw-share">
    <title>Cheating Ourselves of Sleep - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-23T19:23:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/17/cheating-ourselves-of-sleep/?smid=tw-share</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The body’s ability to process glucose is also adversely affected, which may ultimately result in Type 2 diabetes. In one study, healthy young men prevented from sleeping more than four hours a night for six nights in a row ended up with insulin and blood sugar levels like those of people deemed prediabetic. The risks of cardiovascular diseases and stroke are higher in people who sleep less than six hours a night. Even a single night of inadequate sleep can cause daylong elevations in blood pressure in people with hypertension. Inadequate sleep is also associated with calcification of coronary arteries and raised levels of inflammatory factors linked to heart disease. (In terms of cardiovascular disease, sleeping too much may also be risky. Higher rates of heart disease have been found among women who sleep more than nine hours nightly.)]]></description>
<dc:subject>research overview T2D diabetes type 2 human in vivo cardiovascular risk effects sleep deficit peer-reviewed clinical trial prediabetes</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:760838ee5f64/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14722&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Major Depression Associated with Increased Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-10T17:30:57+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14722&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>risk population major diabetes hypoglycemia peer-reviewed research clinical medical cardiovascular vascular</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d63d5ef94435/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://j.mp/13mnRtz">
    <title>High Potency Statins [Induce] Diabetes?</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-08T21:19:48+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://j.mp/13mnRtz</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The researchers concluded, "Our findings suggest that older patients treated with certain statins are at increased risk for incident diabetes, regardless of dose or whether treatment is used for primary or secondary prevention… Clinicians should consider this risk when they are contemplating statin treatment for individual patients."

A. A. Carter, T. Gomes, X. Camacho, D. N. Juurlink, B. R. Shah, M. M. Mamdani. Risk of incident diabetes among patients treated with statins: population based study.BMJ, 2013; 346 (may23 4): f2610 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f2610 ]]></description>
<dc:subject>treatment hyperlipidemia standard of care cholesterol cardiovascular risk adverse effect drug statin peer-reviewed research correlation earnest human in vivo large cohort T2D diabetes type 2 statins effects clinical trial</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:5898b49891db/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14727&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Excessive Coffee Can Block Weight Loss</title>
    <dc:date>2013-06-08T18:16:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14727&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The researchers concluded that the use of chlorogenic acid in a high-fat diet does not protect against the development of the metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obese mice.  In regards to consumption of coffee by people, Matthews concluded, "It seems that the health effects are dose-dependent. A moderate intake of coffee, up to three to four cups a day still seems to decrease the risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes."  A Mubarak, JM Hodgson, MJ Considine, et al. Supplementation of a high-fat diet with chlorogenic acid is associated with insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013. ]]></description>
<dc:subject>coffee weight loss body fat metabolism protection dose dose-dependent effects risk benefit drug earnest peer-reviewed research in vivo prevention T2D cardiovascular correlation type 2 diabetes insulin resistance diet</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:1f6d0c451c59/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.google.com/search?q=risk%20midlife%20factors%20lifetime%20heart%20disease">
    <title>risk midlife factors lifetime heart disease - Google Search</title>
    <dc:date>2013-04-30T03:54:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.google.com/search?q=risk%20midlife%20factors%20lifetime%20heart%20disease</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>risk midlife lifetime heart disease cardiovascular etiology factor</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:cc7d9c2625e6/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12008&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Daily Aspirin Tied to Macular Degeneration</title>
    <dc:date>2013-03-05T02:32:43+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12008&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In a population-based study led by Paulus T.V.M. de Jong, MD, PhD, of the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience and the Academic Medical Center, both in Amsterdam, researchers reported that, late-stage "wet" AMD was 2.22 times more likely among daily aspirin users (95% CI 1.61 to 3.05).
Daily aspirin use was also significantly elevated at earlier stages of the disease, although the association rose with AMD severity (P<0.001 for trend), de Jong and colleagues reported. But prior studies have yielded conflicting results on the connection between aspirin use and AMD, so further evaluation is needed, they noted.
De Jong said in a press release that, "If future studies support our results, then recommendations on aspirin may need to be modified for patients with age-related macular degeneration." "It's possible that increased AMD risk may outweigh aspirin's potential protective benefits for some patients, but we need to know more about the impacts of dose, length of use, and other factors before we can say for certain, or make specific recommendations"...

The researchers acknowledged the possibility of confounding by indication given that those with a history of cardiovascular disease are more likely to take daily aspirin and are also more likely to develop wet AMD.
"However, the odds ratios for aspirin use and wet AMD were virtually unchanged when cardiovascular disease was included in the analysis, indicating that the association of aspirin with AMD was independent of any association with cardiovascular disease and was not confounded by cardiovascular disease," they wrote.
Furthermore, the impact of daily aspirin use on AMD didn't differ between individuals with cardiovascular disease and those without it (P=0.06 for interaction).

De Jong PTVM, et al "Associations between aspirin use and aging macula disorder: The European eye study" Ophthalmology 2012; DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.025.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research peer-reviewed human in vivo macular degeneration aspirin risk benefit drug intervention prevention cardiovascular correlation clinical trial</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:b54505ac9898/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SSRI+cardiovascular+risk&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;as_vis=1">
    <title>SSRI cardiovascular risk - Google Scholar</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-27T14:31:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SSRI+cardiovascular+risk&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;as_vis=1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>SSRI cardiovascular risk medical research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:9eed3b24d2a0/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/adequate-sleep-vital-for-heart-health/">
    <title>Adequate Sleep Vital for Heart Health | Arora R. presented American College of Cardiology’s 61st Annual Scientific Session 2012 | Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-02T06:25:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/Diane-Fennell/adequate-sleep-vital-for-heart-health/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[People sleeping less than six hours a night were twice as likely to have a stroke or heart attack and 1.6 times as likely to have congestive heart failure. And those sleeping more than eight hours each night were two times as likely to have angina and 1.1 times more likely to have coronary artery disease.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research poster sleep cardiovascular risk diabetes T2D type 2 human in vivo correlation preliminary results clinical trial</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:479858b86b1f/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/heart-healthy-choices-early-pay-later">
    <title>Heart Healthy Choices Early On Pay Off Later | Liu K. Circulation 2012/02/28</title>
    <dc:date>2012-03-04T03:39:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/heart-healthy-choices-early-pay-later</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[A healthy lifestyle maintained throughout young adulthood and middle age [correlates] with low cardiovascular disease risk in middle age. [Investigators claim this is the first study to have shown this.]
The majority of people who maintained five healthy lifestyle factors from young adulthood (including a lean body mass index (BMI), no excess alcohol intake, no smoking, a healthy diet and regular physical activity) were able to remain in this low-risk category in their middle-aged years.
In the first year of the study, when the participants’ average age was 24 years old, nearly 44% had a low cardiovascular disease risk profile. Twenty years later, overall, only 24.5% fell into the category of a low cardiovascular disease risk profile.
Sixty percent of those who maintained all five healthy lifestyles reached middle age with the low cardiovascular risk profile, compared with fewer than 5% who followed none of the healthy lifestyles.
Researchers used data collected over 20 years from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study. It began in 1985 and 1986 with several thousand 18 to 30 year-olds and has since followed the same group of participants.
For this study, the researchers analyzed data such as blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, BMI, alcohol intake, tobacco use, diet and exercise from more than 3,000 of the CARDIA participants to define a low cardiovascular disease risk profile and healthy lifestyle factors.
“Many studies suggest that people who have low cardiovascular risk in middle age will have a better quality of life, will live longer and will have lower Medicare costs in their older age"...]]></description>
<dc:subject>risk reduction mitigation cardiovascular heart circulation self care prevention medical research peer-reviewed BMI body fat weight correlation factor</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/28/health/research/diet-soft-drinks-linked-to-risk-of-heart-disease.html?src=recg">
    <title>Diet Soft Drinks Linked to Risk of Heart Disease | The Journal of General Internal Medicine online 2012 | via NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-28T21:26:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/28/health/research/diet-soft-drinks-linked-to-risk-of-heart-disease.html?src=recg</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Some studies have suggested that consumption of diet soft drinks may be associated with Type 2 diabetes and development of the condition known as metabolic syndrome — high blood pressure, abdominal obesity and other risk factors. Now a 10-year epidemiological study has found a link between diet soft drinks and cardiovascular disease.

[Among] 2,564 adults over 40 living in Manhattan,] diet and regular soft drink consumption were both associated with a number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Even after controlling for many of those risks, including diabetes, the researchers found that daily consumption of diet soda was still independently associated with an increased risk for stroke, heart attack and death.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research peer-reviewed risk mortality morbidity diabetes diet cardiovascular stroke heart circulation brain disease epidemiology soda pop soft drinks hatmandu correlation factor etiology cause</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:c27ca63274d0/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:plastics/">
    <title>Pinboard: bookmarks for Michael.Massing tagged 'plastics'</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-27T23:28:42+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:plastics/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Still allowing plastic in your kitchen? In your food? In your children's toys?]]></description>
<dc:subject>morbidity mortality risk diabetes cardiovascular environment pollution endocrine ocean outbasket child development diet outbox poison etiology correlation factor T2D type 2 environmental plastics disruptor cause factors</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:56da5c18e89f/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12191&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Excess Mortality for Adults with Young-Onset Diabetes Persists | Conway B et al. Diabetes Care 2012/01/11</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-27T01:16:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12191&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Participants with diabetes were stratified by insulin therapy at baseline: group A treated with insulin only; group B treated with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent; and group C receiving no insulin treatment.
During a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, the researchers found that 4.6% of the cohort without diabetes died, compared with 15, 12.5, and 7.3% of groups A, B, and C, respectively. The hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were 4.3, 4.2, and 2.0 for groups A, B, and C, compared with individuals without diabetes. The leading cause of death in groups A, B, and C were ESRD, ESRD and CAD, and CAD, respectively. The HRs for these conditions were at least twice as high as the HRs for all-cause mortality, extending to 17.3, 17.9, and 5.1 in groups A, B, and C, respectively, for ESRD.
"Excess mortality persists among people with young-onset diabetes of long duration, with ESRD and CAD as the leading contributors to mortality," the authors write.

[Excuse me? Don't the numbers, if correctly reported, suggest that insulin-and-drug therapy increases mortality by over two-thirds, and insulin-only therapy more than doubles mortality?—DMM]]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes mortality insulin drug effects risk bad science peer-reviewed end-stage renal disease coronary artery MODY ESRD CAD cardiovascular heart circulation kidney results intervention over-treatment medical research correlation benefit</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:d10faddd7c5b/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12193&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Regardless of Sedentary Time, Exercise Improves Risk Factors | Ekelund U, Luan J, Sherar LB, et al. JAMA 2012; 307:704-712. U et al.</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-26T19:53:18+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12193&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Children and adolescents participating in moderate to vigorous physical activity have a lower cardiometabolic risk profile. [Physical activity correlated with better waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and insulin in study subjects] regardless of the amount of time they spend sedentary.
[Based on the findings,] children should be encouraged to increase their participation in physical activity] rather than decrease the amount of time they spend sedentary, "as this appears more important in relation to cardiometabolic health."
[In pooled data from 14 studies (1998-2009) connected to the International Children's Accelerometry Database.] the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity has a weak to moderate association with the amount of time children spend sedentary, and this had suggested that both variables might be independently associated with cardiometabolic risk.
[A]ctivities ingrained early in life set the stage for what individuals do in their later and older years. "We're living in an age right now where it's so easy to do no physical activity at all...kids can basically go through an entirely normal childhood existence where, unless they're forced or choose to play sports, they don't have to do anything. This study shows that the more activity that you do, even if it's outside the context of typical exercise, really does make a difference."
In the ICAD analysis, 20,871 children and adolescents from Australia, Brazil, Europe, and the US had [physical-activity levels] monitored for an average of 5.2 days using the accelerometer, and the mean daily time spent engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity was 30 minutes. The mean daily time spent sedentary was 354 minutes.
Kids in the [most active] tertile spent more than 35 minutes per day engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity, whereas those in the bottom tertile were moderately or vigorously active just 18 minutes per day. The mean difference in waist circumference between the most active and least active kids with the most sedentary time was 5.6 cm [and 3.6 cm] in those with less sedentary time. Similarly, the difference in systolic blood pressure between the most active and least active kids with the most sedentary time was 0.7 mm Hg[, while there was a 2.6-mm-Hg difference] between the most active and least active kids who reported less sedentary time. The variations in HDL cholesterol, insulin, and triglyceride levels were similar when analyzed by physical-activity levels and sedentary time.
Overall, the results showed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with better cardiometabolic risk factors across the tertiles of sedentary time. In contrast, sedentary time was not associated with any of metabolic outcomes independent of the time engaged in moderate and vigorous activities. The researchers note that they did not qualify what specific activities the children were engaged in while being sedentary. For this reason, reducing television viewing time is still considered an important goal of parents and public-health policy because TV watching is also associated with other unhealthy behaviors, such as snacking and drinking soda.]]></description>
<dc:subject>child development exercise prevention mitigation risk cardiovascular heart circulation parenting waist circumference blood pressure triglycerides HDL cholesterol insulin belly fat medical research peer-reviewed metabolism physical activity screen time public health prognostic markers data children youth behavior self care correlation factor hypertension high treatment</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/health/depression-defies-rush-to-find-evolutionary-upside.html?_r=4&amp;ref=science">
    <title>Depression Defies Rush to Find Evolutionary Upside - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-21T06:46:15+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/health/depression-defies-rush-to-find-evolutionary-upside.html?_r=4&amp;ref=science</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[According to the World Health Organization, depression is the leading cause of disability and the fourth leading contributor to the global burden of disease, projected to reach second place by 2020. There is also strong evidence that it is an independent risk factor for heart disease, and several studies show that prolonged depression is associated with selective and possibly permanent damage to the hippocampus, a region of the brain critical to memory and learning.
Add the fact that 2 percent to 12 percent of depressed people eventually commit suicide, and the [supposed evolutionary] “advantages” of depression suddenly don’t look so good....
What is natural, the thinking goes, is best. If we are designed to suffer depression in response to life’s ills, there must be a good reason for it, and we should allow it to take its painful and natural course.
But unlike ordinary sadness, the natural course of depression can be devastating and lethal. And while sadness is useful, clinical depression signals a failure to adapt to stress or loss, because it impairs a person’s ability to solve the very dilemmas that triggered it.
Even if depression is “natural” and evolved from an emotional state that might once have given us some advantage, that doesn’t make it any more desirable than other maladies. Nature offers us cancer, infections and heart disease, which we happily avoid and do our best to treat. Depression is no different.]]></description>
<dc:subject>disability morbidity mortality risk depression evolution theory comorbidities brain medical research hippocampus cardiovascular mental health illness chronic hatmandu earnest</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:21a6b6dcb1a4/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12164&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Fitness and Fatness Independently Linked with CVD Risk Factors | Lee D. Journal of the American College of Cardiology online 2012-02-06</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-21T02:42:04+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12164&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Individuals who maintained or improved their fitness levels had a 26% and 28% lower risk of developing hypertension, a 42% and 52% lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome, and a 26% and 30% lower risk of developing elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, respectively....
[Subjects who got fatter in follow-up, as measured by percentage of body fat,] had a 26%, 71%, and 48% higher risk of developing hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia, respectively...compared with individuals who lost weight. Similar results were observed when BMI was used as the criterion for fatness levels.
Every 1-MET improvement in fitness was associated with a 7%, 22%, and 12% lower risk of developing hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia, respectively, while every unit increase in percentage of body fat was associated with a 4%, 10%, and 5% increased risk of developing the cardiovascular risk factors...
"In the real world, people change their fitness levels or fatness over time...Fitness and fatness, not the baseline levels, but the changes over time, are both independently important to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors."
[Patients who had stable or increasing amounts of fatness in combination with loss of fitness had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors when compared with] individuals who gained fitness over time and lost fat. They did observe that losing fitness regardless of fat changes and getting fatter irrespective of the change in fitness levels were associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The adverse effects of getting fatter were attenuated slightly if fitness was maintained or improved, while declines in fitness could be offset by reductions in body-fat percentage.
"Maintaining or improving fitness levels and preventing fat gain are both important, independent of the changes of each other...[T]he ideal combination is to improve fitness and prevent fat gain, but as long as individuals maintain fitness and fatness, they are not likely to be at higher risk of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Losing weight and gaining fitness is very challenging to the general population, but maintaining fitness and fatness are less so and more doable."]]></description>
<dc:subject>risk fitness fatness body fat cardiovascular hypertension high blood pressure metabolic syndrome hyperlipidemia cholesterol LDL attenuation mitigation self care weight loss gain independent variables what.I'm.reading medical research peer-reviewed hatmandu earnest T2D diabetes correlation factor etiology cause</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/elevated-glucose-associated-undetected-heart-damage">
    <title>Elevated Glucose Associated with Undetected Heart Damage | Selvin E Rubin J et al. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012.</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-18T02:47:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/elevated-glucose-associated-undetected-heart-damage</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[A new study] suggests that hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart, even in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes...[E]levated levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker for chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes, were associated with minute levels of the protein troponin T (cTnT), a blood marker for heart damage. The high-sensitivity test they used detected levels of cTnT tenfold lower than those found in patients diagnosed with a heart attack....[H]yperglycemia may be related to cardiac damage independent of atherosclerosis....
Higher levels of HbA1c were associated in a graded fashion with elevated levels of high-sensitivity cTnT. This relationship was present at HbA1c levels even below the threshold used to diagnose diabetes. Using conventional tests, troponin T can be detected in 0.7% of the population and is associated with heart attacks and death. With the high-sensitivity cTnT test, low levels of troponin were found in 66% of the study population....
"[G]lucose might not only be related to increased atherosclerosis, but potentially elevated glucose levels may directly damage cardiac muscle"...]]></description>
<dc:subject>risk morbidity mortality atherosclerosis blood vessel damage glucose sugar high dysglycemia hyperglycemia prognostic medical research in vivo human peer-reviewed hemoglobin A1c marker heart cardiovascular correlation diagnosis clinical trial threshold diabetes</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/David-Spero/what-causes-diabetes-fatigue/">
    <title>What Causes Diabetes Fatigue? :: Diabetes Self-Management</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-10T21:31:35+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/Blog/David-Spero/what-causes-diabetes-fatigue/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[• High blood glucose makes your blood “sludgy,” slowing circulation so cells can’t get the oxygen and nutrients they need. Margaret commented, “I can tell if my sugars are high in the morning, because ‘groggy’ doesn’t begin to describe it. ‘Drugged’ is how it feels.”
• Low sugars levels also cause fatigue, because when blood sugar is low, there is not enough fuel for the cells...
• [With vascular inflammation caused by high blood glucose,] immune cells called monocytes come into the brain, causing fatigue....
• [P]eople with diabetes are more likely than others to have thyroid problems. If your thyroid level is low, you are likely to feel tired, sleepy, and depressed.
• Low testosterone levels, especially in men. Men with diabetes are much more likely to have low testosterone.
• Infections: People with diabetes often have infections they don’t know about. Infections take energy to fight, which can cause fatigue and raise blood sugar levels. A common source is urinary tract or “bladder” infections. They often hurt, but sometimes have no symptoms, except for the fatigue. Silent dental infections and vaginal infections are also common and fatiguing.
• Undiagnosed heart disease : If you get tired after tasks that you used to sail through, it could be time to for a heart check-up....
• Many drugs for diabetes, blood pressure, depression, pain, and other issues can cause fatigue. Read labels, ask your doctor or pharmacist....
• Some people are too wound up or too busy to sleep. Or they’re up to use the bathroom all night, or they have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which can wake them up many times an hour....
• [Rotating shifts or working nights] can cause fatigue directly by messing with your body clock or indirectly by disrupting sleep.
• Depression is very common with diabetes. Most depressed people feel fatigued, even if they don’t feel sad. Even at low levels, depression can sap your motivation....
• Doing too much: If you’re ripping and running all day, not taking breaks or even stopping to breathe much, you are courting fatigue....
• Stress: In small doses, psychological or physical stress can give you energy, but if it goes on too long, it will wear you out...
• Too much carbohydrate — especially refined carbs — can make anyone tired, especially with diabetes. Kat wrote, “now that I am eating a higher protein/fat, lower-carbohydrate diet, I have shaken off that really sleepy/extreme fatigue that I used to have every day.”
• According to WebMD, too much caffeine can cause fatigue through a rebound effect. They also say that dehydration, or not drinking enough liquid, is a major cause of fatigue.
• Being out of shape or having weak muscles: Not moving our bodies contributes to fatigue. Of course, it’s hard to exercise when you’re fatigued.]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes fatigue symptoms aging blood glucose drug effects endocrine testosterone infection risk depression comorbidities circadian clock rhythms biological carbohydrates sleep stress benefit hydration heart cardiovascular disease circulation T2D type 2 research human in vivo exercise physical activity correlation clinical trial distress factor etiology cause</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/sleep-problems-increase-risk-cardiovascular-disease-diabetes-and-obesity-penn-study-shows">
    <title>Sleep Problems Increase Risk for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Obesity | Grandner M Gehrman P et al.</title>
    <dc:date>2012-02-08T05:04:47+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/sleep-problems-increase-risk-cardiovascular-disease-diabetes-and-obesity-penn-study-shows</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“Previous studies have demonstrated that those who get less sleep are more likely to also be obese, have diabetes or cardiovascular disease, and are more likely to die sooner, but this new analysis has revealed that other sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or even too much sleep, are also associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health issues"...
The researchers examined associations between sleep disturbances and other health conditions, focusing on perceived sleep quality, rather than just sleep duration. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health risk factors, patients with sleep disturbances at least three nights per week on average were 35% more likely to be obese, 54% more likely to have diabetes, 98% more likely to have coronary artery disease, 80% more likely to have had a heart attack, and 102% more likely to have had a stroke.
Grandner and colleagues analyzed data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) of 138,201 patients[—]the world’s largest telephone survey, designed to monitor health-related behaviors in the general population.
“This study is one of the largest ever to link sleep problems with important cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It joins other studies that show that sleep is an important part of health, just like diet and physical activity"...]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research peer-reviewed sleep risk benefit cardiovascular diabetes obesity disease morbidity mortality David.E hatmandu earnest T2D type 2 human in vivo correlation clinical trial</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/vitamin-d-could-combat-effects-aging-eyes">
    <title>Vitamin D Could Combat the Effects of Aging in Eyes | Jeffery G et al. Neurobiology of Aging. 2012-01</title>
    <dc:date>2012-01-20T03:30:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/vitamin-d-could-combat-effects-aging-eyes</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Inflammation and the [age-related accumulation of the toxic molecule amyloid beta contribute to] increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the largest cause of blindness in people over 50 in the developed world...
"When we gave older mice the vitamin D we found that deposits of amyloid beta were reduced in their eyes and the mice showed an associated improvement of vision. [Amyloid beta is linked to Alzheimer's disease;] new evidence suggests that vitamin D could have a role in reducing its build up in the brain"...
Professor Jeffery and his team...found that the mice that had been given the vitamin D supplement also had significantly less amyloid beta built up in their blood vessels, including in the aorta...
"[V]itamin D could be useful in helping to prevent a range of age-related health problems, from deteriorating vision to heart disease"....
For much of human history our ancestors lived in Africa, probably without clothes, and so were exposed to strong sunlight all year round. This would have triggered vitamin D production in the skin. Humans have only moved to less sunny parts of the world and adopted clothing relatively recently and so might not be well adapted to reduced exposure to the sun.]]></description>
<dc:subject>amyloid beta Alzheimer's what.I'm.reading eyes supplements vitamin cardiovascular heart circulation pathology improvement D diet sunlight evolution human prevention protection brain macular degeneration medical research peer-reviewed disease neuroprotection cognition dementia T2D diabetes correlation insulin neuroendocrine risk inflammation resistance neurotransmitter type 2 3 blood glucose sugar fats lipids</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/this-could-be-big-abc-news/ultimate-example-preventive-medicine-232140727.html">
    <title>The Ultimate Example of Preventive Medicine | This Could Be Big - Yahoo! News</title>
    <dc:date>2012-01-19T01:32:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/this-could-be-big-abc-news/ultimate-example-preventive-medicine-232140727.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[[David Agus, MD:] "Reimbursement for preventive medicine's always difficult in our country...[T]he problem is most people change health plans all the time. So if you're that health plan, why should you spend money on something that's not going to affect a person until a decade from now? And so one of things we really have to change is we have to push prevention... a heart attack costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. A couple hundred dollar tests along with a drug can prevent it. Obviously it's cost effective as a return on investment"....
[Bill Weir:] Since my HDL (good cholesterol) levels are in fine shape, he explained that I don't need a low-fat diet, but a "good-fat diet,"—olive oil, canola oil, [heart-smart] eggs and cold-water fish—eaten on a consistent schedule. When you have lunch at noon one day and 3 p.m. the next, you're releasing stress hormones that can hurt in the long run, Agus said.
Instead of hitting the gym hard in the morning and then sitting all day (which can be as bad for you as smoking), the doctor encourages more movement throughout the day....
And he ordered me to skip the fish oil capsules and multivitamin in favor of the freshest real food I can find.
"You're not vitamin deficient...You look at all the large studies with vitamins and most of them have caused problems rather than benefits. And you don't need to be on them. So real food, regular schedule, live healthy."]]></description>
<dc:subject>health care economics prevention risk benefit cost supplements diet food schedule regularity predictability stress hormones good fats cardiovascular heart circulation Bill Weir David Agus eggs earnest meal planning</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12006&amp;Itemid=8">
    <title>Vitamin D: Too Much May Erase Heart Benefit</title>
    <dc:date>2012-01-15T03:10:12+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=12006&amp;Itemid=8</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Low levels of vitamin D may confer a cardiovascular benefit, but too much vitamin D may have the opposite effect. The critical threshold appears to be a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 21 ng/mL—more than that level increases C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker for cardiovascular disease, but lower serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D lower CRP levels.
A multivariate analysis that tracked 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations as well as CRP in more than 15,000 healthy adults revealed that above the threshold for benefit, CRP increased with each 10-ng/mL increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
In a univariate analysis, CRP levels decreased as levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased up to the median of 2 ng/mL.... [?]
The mean age of participants was 46, and the median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and CRP levels were 21 ng/mL and 0.21 mg/dL, respectively. [No significant difference in levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was found between near-equal numbers of men and women.] Whites had significantly higher baseline levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D than nonwhites.
Significantly more people with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 had lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at baseline (41% versus 25%, P<0.0001); the same was true for smokers (22% versus 18%, P=0.004)....
"From our results, it appears that vitamin D supplementation among asymptomatic subjects with baseline vitamin D values of greater than 21 ng/mL might have no additional effects on systemic inflammation, as measured by changes in the serum CRP levels"...
[The] study found a significant inverse relationship between CRP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels less than 21 ng/mL.
[P]rior studies assessing the relationship between vitamin D status and markers of inflammation have yielded inconsistent results.

Amer M, Qayyum, R "Relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein in asymptomatic adults (from the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001 to 2006" Am J Cardiol 2012; 109: 226–230]]></description>
<dc:subject>C-reactive protein biomarker cardiovascular disease marker indicator medical research peer-reviewed risk benefit vitamin D supplements dosage serum concentration correlation</dc:subject>
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