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    <title>Memory Problems Today Tied to Leaded Gas Levels Half a Century Earlier | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2025-08-03T00:45:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aaic/116689?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2025-07-27&amp;mh=7beedf85be02817127aebdf9dcc93d42&amp;zdee=gAAAAABm4vYY3ATH4iFowacPbWxqKDu5cITUhZkLc-pWE7cJHyZXCk0IubgPcT3ehIWBv65TRh84YLvoUjk40DTyydSFRhNuf3hQ3R9bIlV4bQAMMvQuEGs%253D</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>toxic exposue leaded gas long-term effects pollution air memory failing diminished impaired cognition brain unregulated human experiment health trial industrialization oil lead environment</dc:subject>
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    <title>Creatine Supplements Studied in Alzheimer's Pilot Trial | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2025-05-30T18:27:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/115813</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Serum creatine values were elevated at 4 and 8 weeks from baseline (0.6 mg/dL vs 14.0 and 15.0 mg/dL, respectively, P<0.001 for each), reported Matthew Taylor, PhD, RD, of the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City, and colleagues.

At 8 weeks, secondary outcome results suggested positive trends. Brain total creatine increased by a relative 11% from baseline (330.5 vs 366.9 IU, P<0.001) on magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).

Cognition improved on several components of the NIH Toolbox cognition battery, including total cognition (P=0.02), fluid cognition (P=0.004), list sorting (P=0.001), oral reading (P<0.001), and Flanker inhibitory control and attention (P=0.05) tests, they added. There was no change in crystallized cognition or other cognitive tests.

For 8 weeks, participants consumed 20 g of creatine monohydrate daily, split into two 10-g doses. They could stir the creatine monohydrate powder into whatever beverage they liked. Participants who reported at least 80% compliance with their daily supplement intake were considered protocol compliant.

Because the CABA study was a small, single-arm pilot trial of short duration, the preliminary secondary outcome results should be interpreted with caution, Taylor and colleagues noted.

"Brain total creatine concentration increased in 85% of participants, with an overall average total creatine increase of 11%," they wrote. "Magnitude of change in total creatine was variable among participants, which may be partially explained by variations in creatine transport kinetics across the blood–brain barrier, similar to variable transport kinetics in skeletal muscle following creatine monohydrate supplementation."


Creatine supplements are commonly associated with athletes and bodybuilders, but they are promoted for brain health too. With the exception of individuals with significant kidney disease, creatine is safe for most people if it's accurately labeled, noted Pieter Cohen, MD, of Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School in Boston, who wasn't involved with the study. "The problem is that's not assured, because all creatine is being sold as dietary supplements," he told MedPage Today.

"Supplements don't get vetted like pharmaceutical or even over-the-counter medications do," Cohen said. "Study after study has demonstrated that what's in a supplement product is not necessarily what's on the label." A good way to prevent that would be to buy a supplement that's verified by a high quality third-party certification program like the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) dietary supplement verificationopens in a new tab or window program, he added.]]></description>
<dc:subject>supplements creatine brain health clinical trial human in vivo Alzheimer's treatment</dc:subject>
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    <title>The 'Jennifer Aniston Neuron' and Other Brain Complexities | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2024-09-15T02:36:36+00:00</dc:date>
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    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>neurosurgery research in vivo human clinical brain consciousness will</dc:subject>
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    <title>Thought control of Vision Pro achieved through brain implant | Cult of Mac</title>
    <dc:date>2024-08-01T04:23:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.cultofmac.com/864104/brain-implant-lets-als-patient-control-vision-pro-via-thoughts/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[their]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain interface accessibility disability ALS mobility</dc:subject>
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    <title>The Modern World Is Aging Your Brain | WIRED</title>
    <dc:date>2023-05-22T03:57:20+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.wired.com/story/aging-brain-volume/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Four years and 1,165 participants later, the results revealed a stark difference. When compared to similar data taken from the US and Europe, the Tsimane fare much better, especially in old age. Tsimane brains lose about 2.3 percent of their volume per decade, compared with around 2.8 percent for the Moseten and about 3.5 percent for industrialized populations. For septuagenarians and older, the difference nearly doubled.

In industrialized populations, brain volume usually drops with increasing body mass index and non-HDL (so-called “bad”) cholesterol. But Tsimane and Moseten brain volumes largely increased with rising BMI and cholesterol. Kaplan believes this discrepancy makes sense given humankind’s evolutionary past. If you have to work a lot to get your food, more energy actually helps. The Tsimane walk 17,000 steps per day. Older Tsimane provide food and care for their grandchildren and don’t really retire, Kaplan says. People who live in the US and Europe on average work much less for their calories, which creates a surplus.

To Kaplan, the new data suggests a “sweet spot” between energy in and energy out and that it’s fine to build up a higher BMI if you expend a lot of energy too. But without that balance, you may lose brain volume faster, perhaps due to poorer cardiovascular health—although the exact mechanism remains unclear. “We’re at the point where we’ve overshot the mark,” he says of industrialized populations. “We have too many calories, too little physical activity, leading to negative effects on our brains.” The team refers to the phenomenon as the “embarrassment of riches” hypothesis.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain cardiovascular health risk benefit lifestyle culture BMI cholesterol blood lipids comparative physiology metabolism</dc:subject>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:physiology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:metabolism"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/leaky-brain-leaky-gut-are-they-real/">
    <title>Leaky Brain, Leaky Gut: Are They Real? | Science-Based Medicine</title>
    <dc:date>2023-04-20T02:13:50+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/leaky-brain-leaky-gut-are-they-real/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[An excellent review article explains what science has learned about the BBB and the questions that remain. The small blood vessels of the central nervous system (CNS) have unique properties. They regulate the movement of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the CNS. The BBB is a complex regulatory system: some components of the blood (oxygen, some gases, lipid-soluble molecules) diffuse freely into the brain; some molecules that the brain needs (glucose, for example) are actively transported into the brain; some molecules do not pass at all.

The BBB is both a blessing and a curse. A blessing because it regulates brain homeostasis and protects the brain from toxins and pathogens. A curse because it presents an obstacle to drug delivery to the brain.

The review article explains that the BBB is altered with inflammation, injury, and degenerative processes. We know that BBB dysfunction is associated with certain neurologic diseases like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and epilepsy; but we don’t know whether the BBB dysfunction is a cause or a result of those diseases. We suspect that some of the changes are healing and others are pathological; we suspect that many different mechanisms are involved. We still don’t understand how alterations in the BBB affect neuronal activity, brain function, and behavior. In neurologic diseases, we don’t know whether BBB changes are due to loss of maintenance signals or to the presence of disruptive signals.

...supplements that may disrupt the BBB in some circumstances: andrographis, L-arginine, nicotine, and zinc]]></description>
<dc:subject>blood brain barrier BBB overview refernce supplements zinc L-arginine</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:7502dbc21863/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:L-arginine"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16891604/">
    <title>Posttraumatic stress disorder with amnesia following asphyxiation - PubMed</title>
    <dc:date>2022-10-03T02:59:07+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16891604/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Posttraumatic stress disorder with amnesia following asphyxiation]]></description>
<dc:subject>post-traumatic stress disorder amnesia asphyxiation memory loss brain injury</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:4bcff8df7b62/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:memory"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:injury"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.shepherd.org/patient-programs/brain-injury/about/anoxic-hypoxic-brain-injury">
    <title>Anoxic and Hypoxic Brain Injury Treatment | Shepherd Center</title>
    <dc:date>2022-10-03T02:56:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.shepherd.org/patient-programs/brain-injury/about/anoxic-hypoxic-brain-injury</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Anoxic and hypoxic brain injuries often cause an initial loss of consciousness, which can be short-term or long-term depending on severity and length of oxygen deprivation. Initial loss of consciousness may result in a comatose state. Other symptoms of an anoxic or hypoxic brain injury occurring may include slurring and difficulties with speech, confusion and disorientation or facial drooping.

Upon regaining consciousness, the effects and symptoms are often similar to that of a traumatic brain injury, depending on severity of the injury. More severe anoxic or hypoxic brain damage may leave the patient in a vegetative state. The effects of an anoxic brain injury may include:

headache
difficulty coordinating balance
vision problems
seizures
changes in sensory perception
trouble speaking and swallowing           
changes in sleep pattern
lack of bowel and bladder control
changes in sexual function
motor impairment 
personality changes
difficulty forming sentences 
confusion
trouble communicating
difficulty with reason, focus and logic
memory impairments
depression
poor concentration
mood swings
limited attention span
disorientation
forgetfulness
acting inappropriately
Prognosis of Anoxic or Hypoxic Brain Injuries

Projecting the recovery and care for anoxic or hypoxic brain injuries is difficult because each case is unique. A full recovery from severe anoxic or hypoxic brain injury is rare, but many patients with mild anoxic or hypoxic brain injuries are capable of making a full or partial recovery. Furthermore, symptoms and effects of the injury are dependent on the area(s) of the brain that was affected by the lack of oxygen.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain injury hypoxic anoxic memory loss</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:50b3d9fbb996/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.livescience.com/9769-humans-outlive-apes.html">
    <title>Why Humans Outlive Apes | Live Science</title>
    <dc:date>2022-03-22T05:35:37+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.livescience.com/9769-humans-outlive-apes.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The oldest known stone tools manufactured by the ancestors of modern humans, which date back some 2.6 million years, apparently helped butcher animal bones. As our forerunners evolved, they became better at capturing and digesting meat, a valuable, high-energy food, by increasing brain and body size and reducing gut size.

Over time, eating red meat, particularly raw flesh infected with parasites in the era before cooking, stimulates chronic inflammation, Finch explained. In response, humans apparently evolved unique variants in a cholesterol-transporting gene, apolipoprotein E, which regulates chronic inflammation as well as many aspects of aging in the brain and arteries.

One variant found in all modern human populations, known as ApoE3, emerged roughly 250,000 years ago, "just before the final stage of evolution of Homo sapiens in Africa," Finch explained.

ApoE3 lowers the risk of most aging diseases, specifically heart disease and Alzheimer's, and is linked with an increased lifespan.

"I suggest that it arose to lower the risk of degenerative disease from the high-fat meat diet they consumed," Finch told LiveScience. "Another benefit is that it promoted brain development."

Curiously, another more ancient variant of apolipoprotein E found in a lesser degree in all human populations is ApoE4, which is linked with high cholesterol, shortened lifespan and degeneration of the arteries and brain.

"The puzzle is, if ApoE4 is so bad, why is it still present?" Finch asked. "It might have some protective effects under some circumstances. A little bit of data suggests that with hepatitis C, you have less liver damage if you have ApoE4."]]></description>
<dc:subject>carnivorous evolution inflammation diet apolipoprotein E ApoE3 degenerative disease brain development lifespan life expectancy human primate speciation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:2c55532ea2f3/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2021/10/11/JNEUROSCI.0265-21.2021">
    <title>Memory Reactivation During Sleep Improves Execution of a Challenging Motor Skill | Journal of Neuroscience</title>
    <dc:date>2021-10-26T04:57:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.jneurosci.org/content/early/2021/10/11/JNEUROSCI.0265-21.2021</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>brain learning sleep memory association reactivation peer-reviewed research in vivo human trial</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:545e50264a57/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://topatoco.com/collections/jeph-jacques/products/qc-trashbrain">
    <title>My Brain is Trash Shirt PRE-ORDER – TopatoCo</title>
    <dc:date>2021-05-06T18:26:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://topatoco.com/collections/jeph-jacques/products/qc-trashbrain</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>clothing shirt trash Internet brain</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:4bf52117f9e9/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.yourbrainonporn.com/">
    <title>Your Brain On Porn</title>
    <dc:date>2020-12-30T18:51:55+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.yourbrainonporn.com/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>porn masturbation research sex brain addiction cognitive effects</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:65d7dc74ad50/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:sex"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:addiction"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cognitive"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:effects"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/generalprofessionalissues/87008?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2020-06-12&amp;eun=g894600d0r">
    <title>What Police Chokeholds Can Do to the Brain | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2020-10-29T22:56:49+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.medpagetoday.com/publichealthpolicy/generalprofessionalissues/87008?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2020-06-12&amp;eun=g894600d0r</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>chokehold police tactics restraint regulation ban prohibition brain physical damage carotid injury oversight</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:4d28b84423b2/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:tactics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:restraint"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:regulation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:ban"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prohibition"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:physical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:damage"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:carotid"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:oversight"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/87929">
    <title>ARB Slows Cognitive Decline in Trial... But How? | MedPage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-22T02:38:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/dementia/87929</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[This large differential in drop-outs was a major limitation that could have caused large imbalances in the findings, cautioned Jackie Bosch, PhD, of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, who was not involved in the study.

She also noted baseline differences such as the candesartan group having fewer participants with a history of family dementia (67.5% vs 79.3%), along with less cardiovascular disease and risk factors, which may contribute to the decreased risk of cognitive decline.


Hajjar's team reported no difference between the two groups in the qualifying task for executive dysfunction during the screening process. Pre-enrollment use of ARBs or ACE inhibitors was similar as well.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans performed on 104 participants showed that the candesartan group had no significant increase in white matter lesions at 12 months, whereas those randomized to lisinopril had significant accumulation, indicative of microvascular brain injury. The difference in white matter lesion accumulation was not statistically significant between groups, the authors noted.

"My conclusion is that these data are suggestive of a potential effect, but are not conclusive in terms of a clear benefit of candesartan," Bosch said.]]></description>
<dc:subject>ARB cognitive function executive cognition brain white matter lesions peer-reviewed research human clinical trial in vivo hypertension blood pressure treatment</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:dc2fe982a6df/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:white"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/32/3038/5901158">
    <title>COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease | European Heart Journal | Oxford Academic</title>
    <dc:date>2020-09-21T06:00:41+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/32/3038/5901158</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["SARS-CoV-2 produces protean manifestations ranging from head to toe, wreaking seemingly indiscriminate havoc on multiple organ systems including the lungs, heart, brain, kidney and vasculature." (You know, right? But the best clinical abstract I've read.) ]]></description>
<dc:subject>COVID19 COVID endothelial cardiovascular heart brain kidneys risk morbidity mortality</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:6e7a6923a604/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:COVID"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:endothelial"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:heart"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:kidneys"/>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/01/412946/artificial-intelligence-can-detect-alzheimers-disease-brain-scans-six-years">
    <title>Artificial Intelligence Can Detect Alzheimer’s Disease in Brain Scans Six Years Before a Diagnosis | UC San Francisco</title>
    <dc:date>2019-10-21T16:33:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/01/412946/artificial-intelligence-can-detect-alzheimers-disease-brain-scans-six-years</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Once the algorithm was trained on 1,921 scans, the scientists tested it on two novel datasets to evaluate its performance. The first were 188 images that came from the same ADNI database but had not been presented to the algorithm yet. The second was an entirely novel set of scans from 40 patients who had presented to the UCSF Memory and Aging Center with possible cognitive impairment.

The algorithm performed with flying colors. It correctly identified 92 percent of patients who developed Alzheimer’s disease in the first test set and 98 percent in the second test set. What’s more, it made these correct predictions on average 75.8 months – a little more than six years – before the patient received their final diagnosis.

Sohn says the next step is to test and calibrate the algorithm on larger, more diverse datasets from different hospitals and countries.

“I believe this algorithm has the strong potential to be clinically relevant,” he says. “However, before we can do that, we need to validate and calibrate the algorithm in a larger and more diverse patient cohort, ideally from different continents and various different types of settings.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>Alzheimer's diabetes brain glucose retrospective human in vivo prognostic PET scan imaging correlation peer-reviewed research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:bb9c39d56f8c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Alzheimer's"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diabetes"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:glucose"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:retrospective"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:human"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:prognostic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:PET"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:scan"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:imaging"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180821112010.htm">
    <title>Largest brain study of 62,454 scans identifies drivers of brain aging: Schizophrenia, cannabis use, and alcohol abuse are just several disorders that are related to accelerated brain aging -- ScienceDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2018-09-02T02:25:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180821112010.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Researchers studied 128 brain regions to predict the chronological age of the patient. Older age predicted from the scan compared to the actual chronological age was interpreted as accelerated aging. The study found that a number of brain disorders and behaviors predicted accelerated aging, especially schizophrenia, which showed an average of 4 years of premature aging, cannabis abuse (2.8 years of accelerated aging), bipolar disorder (1.6 years accelerated aging), ADHD (1.4 years accelerated aging) and alcohol abuse (0.6 years accelerated aging). Interestingly, the researchers did not observe accelerated aging in depression and aging, which they hypothesize may be due to different types of brain patterns for these disorders.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain aging rate accelerated imaging in vivo human correlation peer-reviewed research population depression</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:47ea5a5322b1/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:aging"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:rate"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:accelerated"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:imaging"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:human"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:population"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:depression"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2697696?widget=personalizedcontent&amp;previousarticle=2697677">
    <title>Association of Cardiovascular Health Level in Older Age With Cognitive Decline and Incident Dementia | Cardiology | JAMA | JAMA Network</title>
    <dc:date>2018-08-26T19:33:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2697696?widget=personalizedcontent&amp;previousarticle=2697677</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[These findings may support the promotion of cardiovascular health to prevent development of risk factors associated with dementia.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cardiovascular heart brain risk health dementia benefit correlation peer-reviewed research human in situ cohort vivo</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:5dd3803ee86c/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cardiovascular"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:heart"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:risk"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:health"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:dementia"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:benefit"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:human"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:situ"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cohort"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2018/05/transgender-kids-brains-resemble-gender-identity-not-biological-sex/">
    <title>Transgender kids’ brains resemble their gender identity, not their biological sex / LGBTQ Nation</title>
    <dc:date>2018-05-26T22:19:27+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2018/05/transgender-kids-brains-resemble-gender-identity-not-biological-sex/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>children youth cisgender consciousness gender identity brain child research development transgender peer-reviewed activity teens trans</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:75668fa93bf1/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:children"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:youth"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cisgender"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:consciousness"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:gender"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:identity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:child"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:development"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:transgender"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:activity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:teens"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:trans"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.additudemag.com/symptoms-of-add-hyperarousal-rejection-sensitivity/">
    <title>How Symptoms of ADD Change The Way You Feel and Think</title>
    <dc:date>2018-05-24T23:14:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.additudemag.com/symptoms-of-add-hyperarousal-rejection-sensitivity/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>motivation ADD hyperactivity emotional ADHD brain disorder symptoms attention hypersensitivity deficity diagnosis subjectivity hyperfocus experience</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:fe3fa56db077/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:motivation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:ADD"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:hyperactivity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:emotional"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:ADHD"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:disorder"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:symptoms"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:attention"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:hypersensitivity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:deficity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diagnosis"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:subjectivity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:hyperfocus"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:experience"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/ketogenic-diets-promote-longevity-and-memory">
    <title>Studies Find Ketogenic Diets Promote Longevity and Memory in Mice | Big Think</title>
    <dc:date>2017-10-07T21:35:08+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/ketogenic-diets-promote-longevity-and-memory</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>ketogenic diet brain function cognition memory peer-reviewed research in vivo cross-arm crossover</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:bd9c0ae0ae72/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:ketogenic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:diet"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:function"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cognition"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:memory"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cross-arm"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:crossover"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-can-do-a-brain-scan-to-tell-if-you-re-depressed-and-what-treatment-is-needed">
    <title>There's now a brain scan to tell if you're depressed – and what treatment is needed - ScienceAlert</title>
    <dc:date>2017-04-21T23:49:39+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-can-do-a-brain-scan-to-tell-if-you-re-depressed-and-what-treatment-is-needed</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>machine learning patterns correlation research brain in vivo human clinical MRI scan depression limbic system regions treatment indication responsiveness</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:4f1e385b51c2/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:machine"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:learning"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:patterns"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:human"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:clinical"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:MRI"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:scan"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:depression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:limbic"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:system"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:regions"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:treatment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:indication"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:responsiveness"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28121722">
    <title>Omega-3 Supplementation and the Neural Correlates of Negative Affect and Impulsivity: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Midli... - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2017-03-06T05:18:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28121722</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[In clinical trials, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves symptoms in psychiatric disorders involving dysregulated mood and impulse control, yet it is unclear whether in healthy adults omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects mood, impulse control and the brain systems supporting these processes. Accordingly, this study tested the hypotheses that eciosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid supplementation reduces negative affect and impulsive behaviors in healthy adults and that these changes correspond to alterations in corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain systems which support affective and impulsive processes.
METHODS:
Healthy volunteers (N = 272) consuming 300 mg/day or less of EPA and DHA were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Participants received either capsules providing 1000 mg of EPA and 400 mg of DHA versus identical appearing soybean oil capsules per day for 18 weeks. Negative affect and impulsivity were measured by questionnaire and ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as well as functional alterations in corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain systems evoked by standardized fMRI tasks.
RESULTS:
There were no group-by-time interactions for any questionnaire or EMA measures of mood and impulsivity. Likewise, no group-by-time interactions were observed for fMRI responses evoked within corticolimbic and corticostriatal systems.
CONCLUSIONS:
In healthy adults with low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, moderate-dose supplementation for 18 weeks did not alter affect or impulsive behaviors, nor alter corticolimbic and corticostriatal brain functionality.]]></description>
<dc:subject>impulse control impulsivity mood disorders omega-3 EPA DHA supplements brain treatment psychiatric peer-reviewed research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:a03317b6fc13/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:impulse"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:control"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:impulsivity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:mood"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:disorders"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:omega-3"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:EPA"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:DHA"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:supplements"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:treatment"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychiatric"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170210085532.htm#.WKEqsjFMIUI.twitter">
    <title>Gut bacteria may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease -- ScienceDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2017-02-13T03:53:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/02/170210085532.htm#.WKEqsjFMIUI.twitter</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Gut bacteria may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease 


#alzheimersdisease #GutBacteria #microbiome #hcsm #hcsmeu]]></description>
<dc:subject>gut flora bacteria Alzheimer's brain correlation peer-reviewed research in vivo animal etiology progression GutBacteria hcsmeu hcsm microbiome alzheimersdisease</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:00812d6ad51b/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:gut"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:flora"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:bacteria"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:Alzheimer's"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:correlation"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:research"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:animal"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:etiology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:progression"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:GutBacteria"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:hcsmeu"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:hcsm"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:microbiome"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:alzheimersdisease"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-human-beast/201104/conservatives-big-fear-brain-study-finds">
    <title>Conservatives Big on Fear, Brain Study Finds | Psychology Today</title>
    <dc:date>2017-02-09T20:00:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-human-beast/201104/conservatives-big-fear-brain-study-finds</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>brain politics complexity threat amygdala frontal cerebral cortex in vivo human research structure peer-reviewed psychology worldview fear</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:4057c101dc29/</dc:identifier>
<taxo:topics><rdf:Bag>	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:brain"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:politics"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:complexity"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:threat"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:amygdala"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:frontal"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cerebral"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:cortex"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:in"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:vivo"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:human"/>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:structure"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:peer-reviewed"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:psychology"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:worldview"/>
	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:fear"/>
</rdf:Bag></taxo:topics>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&amp;aid=10336738&amp;fileId=S0007114516002117">
    <title>British Journal of Nutrition - Nutrition and the circadian system - Cambridge Journals Online</title>
    <dc:date>2016-07-03T20:15:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&amp;aid=10336738&amp;fileId=S0007114516002117</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[At the helm of [the circadian] system is a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus. The SCN are primarily synchronised to the 24-h day by the light/dark cycle; however, feeding/fasting cycles are the primary time cues for clocks in peripheral tissues. Aligning feeding/fasting cycles with clock-regulated metabolic changes optimises metabolism, and studies of other animals suggest that feeding at inappropriate times disrupts circadian system organisation, and thereby contributes to adverse metabolic consequences and chronic disease development. ‘High-fat diets’ (HFD) produce particularly deleterious effects on circadian system organisation in rodents by blunting feeding/fasting cycles. Time-of-day-restricted feeding, where food availability is restricted to a period of several hours, offsets many adverse consequences of HFD in these animals; however, further evidence is required to assess whether the same is true in humans. Several nutritional compounds have robust effects on the circadian system. Caffeine, for example, can speed synchronisation to new time zones after jetlag.]]></description>
<dc:subject>diet circadian rhythms feeding times brain periphery synchronization metabolism meal planning</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.dddmag.com/articles/2015/04/strong-link-found-between-dementia-common-anticholinergic-drugs">
    <title>Strong Link Found Between Dementia, Common Anticholinergic Drugs</title>
    <dc:date>2016-01-18T16:40:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dddmag.com/articles/2015/04/strong-link-found-between-dementia-common-anticholinergic-drugs</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The group showed for the first time a dose response; that is, that Alzheimer’s risk may grow with higher use. For instance, it found people taking a minimum of 25 mg of an anticholinergic called diphenhydramine (or one Advil PM, Tylenol PM, Motrin PM, or Benadryl pill) a day for three to 12 months increased their relative risk for dementia by 19 percent; one to three years, 23 percent; three to seven years, 54 percent compared to no use (if the statistically significant increase occurred among the latter group).

Furthermore, this was the first study to find that dementias associated with anticholinergics may not be reversible even years after drug use stops. Wrote Boustani and the Indiana University Center for Aging Research’s Noll Campbell, Pharm.D., in a JAMA editorial: “The risk for dementia was consistent when comparing participants with recent and past heavy use of such medications with nonusers, suggesting that the adverse cognitive effects are permanent. Other studies have consistently shown similar results.”
....
Boustani, who is also a professor of medicine at Indiana University, told Drug Discovery & Development that, when it comes to insomnia medications, “basically any cold medications that make you sleepy might contain anticholinergics, so stay away from drugs that make you sleepy.” NyQuil is an exception, he said. It makes people sleepy, but does not contain an anti-cholinergic. Still, “if your solution for a sleep problem is a pill, a quick fix, do you want that?” Any drug taken for a long time could come with problems. “I tell people, if they have to take any such drug for more than 30 days, they should think about alternatives. Maybe you should just take it easy. Maybe you should adopt Grandma’s Remedy of hot milk, hot tea, and rest. Physical fitness is always good. Mindfulness, reflection, physical fitness, tea.”
....
Nothing is likely to be fully nailed down anytime soon as it would be unethical to do a gold standard clinical trial. Clinical trials can be done to prove benefit. But to prove a deficit would mean doctors would have to assign patients to take say, Advil PM, every night for three years to assess damage.]]></description>
<dc:subject>peer-reviewed research anticholinergic Advil Tylenol Motrin PM Benadryl drug effects risk benefit correlations Alzheimer's dementia irreversible brain tricyclic antidepressant antimuscarinics antihistamine first-generation ethics clinical trial human in vivo situ longitudinal</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2381542">
    <title>JAMA Network | JAMA Pediatrics | Association of Child Poverty, Brain Development, and Academic Achievement</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-02T21:08:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2381542</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>peer-reviewed research brain child poverty correlation nature nurture environment</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:65d4ea065ed8/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2015/07/neural-efficiency-hypothesis-confirmed.html">
    <title>Neural efficiency hypothesis confirmed | ETH Zurich</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-02T20:47:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2015/07/neural-efficiency-hypothesis-confirmed.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The researchers found no differences in brain activity in either group of subjects when they performed very easy or very difficult tasks. They did, however, see clear differences in the case of moderately difficult tasks. Stern attributes this to the fact that none of the subjects had any trouble whatsoever with the simple tasks and that the difficult tasks were cognitively demanding even for the highly intelligent subjects. In contrast, all subjects succeeded in solving the moderately difficult tasks, but the highly intelligent subjects required fewer resources to do so...
.
Intelligence is not a muscle

....The ETH researchers' intelligence study also suggests that it is impossible to “exercise” working memory. This has been a controversial issue among scientists in recent years because of contradictory findings in different studies. If subjects practise a certain task for a prolonged period, they improve with time. As Stern and her peers have now shown in their study, people who have practised certain tasks do not have any advantage over their unpractised counterparts when confronted with new, yet similar tasks.

Nussbaumer D, Grabner RH, Stern E: Neural efficiency in working memory tasks: The impact of task demand. Intelligence 2015. 50: 196-208, doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.04.004]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain cognition problem-solving neural efficiency earnest hatmandu practice skills</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/07/27/babies-brains-show-that-social-skills-linked-to-second-language-learning/">
    <title>Babies’ brains show that social skills linked to second language learning | UW Today</title>
    <dc:date>2015-08-02T20:36:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/07/27/babies-brains-show-that-social-skills-linked-to-second-language-learning/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>brain language learning behavior infant child peer-reviewed research social skills interaction</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:074d34713a12/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.lifehack.org/285799/7-reasons-bilinguals-are-always-likeable">
    <title>7 Reasons Bilinguals Are Always Likeable</title>
    <dc:date>2015-07-11T00:33:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.lifehack.org/285799/7-reasons-bilinguals-are-always-likeable</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>language brain cognition myelin perspective nuance multilingual bilingual research peer-reviewed</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencealert.com/new-alzheimer-s-treatment-fully-restores-memory-function">
    <title>Targeted ultrasound enables glial destruction of amyloid plaques in mice, restores tested memory in 3/4. - ScienceAlert</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-20T18:33:10+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencealert.com/new-alzheimer-s-treatment-fully-restores-memory-function</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>research peer-reviewed brain in vivo animal ultrasound treatment blood-brain barrier glia microglia nondrug microsurgery nanosurgery intervention memory Alzheimer's</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medpagetoday.com/Cardiology/Hypertension/50272?isalert=1&amp;uun=g894600d3713R7117358u&amp;xid=NL_breakingnews_2015-03-14">
    <title>Low BP Might Speed Mental Decline in Dementia | Medpage Today</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-14T14:43:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.medpagetoday.com/Cardiology/Hypertension/50272?isalert=1&amp;uun=g894600d3713R7117358u&amp;xid=NL_breakingnews_2015-03-14</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Ambulatory systolic BP<128 mmHg strikingly correlates with accelerated dementia in drug-treated elders (n=172). ]]></description>
<dc:subject>blood pressure control maintenance intervention dementia risk drug effects benefit .KD cognition brain treatment dcde peer-reviewed research tight overtreatment</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/opinion/sunday/the-feel-good-gene.html?_r=1">
    <title>The Feel-Good Gene - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-09T15:09:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/08/opinion/sunday/the-feel-good-gene.html?_r=1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[So it seems that nature has designed us all to be on high alert for danger: We all learn to be afraid of new threats with equal facility. But some of us, like those with this cannabinoid mutation, forget about previous dangers more easily and move around in the world with less anxiety. This seems like a good deal for the species: We’re protected by those who are anxious and vigilant and enriched by those who are more carefree and exploratory.

Aside from insight into anxiety, these findings also suggest intriguing new therapeutic targets for drug abuse in general. That’s because the cannabinoid circuit directly influences the dopamine reward pathway, which is the shared target of commonly abused drugs, like cocaine, opiates and alcohol. Thus, it is possible that a medication that targets the endocannabinoid system could be beneficial in treating addiction to cannabis, and other drugs, too.

In a broader sense, Dr. Lee’s study has important implications for personalized medicine. Imagine you are a soldier returning from war with PTSD. With a simple blood test looking at gene variants, we could discover whether you were biologically adept at fear extinction, which is essentially the basis of exposure therapy for PTSD. If you had a mutation that reduced your ability to extinguish fear, your therapist would know you might just need more exposure — more treatment sessions — to recover. Or, perhaps a different therapy altogether that doesn’t rely on exposure, like interpersonal therapy, or medication.]]></description>
<dc:subject>cannabis endocannabinoid opioid receptor brain anxiety human genetics research in vivo animal PTSD treatment clinical trial</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150302121504.htm">
    <title>Insulin resistance in the brain, behavioral disorders: Direct link found -- ScienceDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2015-03-04T03:20:32+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150302121504.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @KerryTP: #research finds a direct link - #insulin resistance in the #brain and behavioural disorders.  #checkitout #diabetes ]]></description>
<dc:subject>diabetes brain research insulin cognition behavioral behavior peer-reviewed correlation resistance</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2015/02/what_color_is_this_dress_a_scientist_explains_visual_ambiguity_and_color.html">
    <title>What color is this dress: A scientist explains visual ambiguity and color constancy.</title>
    <dc:date>2015-02-27T23:55:05+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2015/02/what_color_is_this_dress_a_scientist_explains_visual_ambiguity_and_color.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>perception cognition brain color epistemology</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:3021a75c6a38/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331153525.htm">
    <title>Kinder, gentler med school: Students less depressed, learn more -- ScienceDaily</title>
    <dc:date>2014-04-06T00:35:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140331153525.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Medical school students learn more and are mentally healthier when pressure in medical school is reduced and they are taught stress management skills, a new study shows. The study looks at the well-being of first and second year students before and after changes a medical school curriculum that are designed to prevent depression, stress and anxiety.]]></description>
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    <dc:date>2014-03-10T21:07:36+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/10/us-northwestbiotherapeutics-cancer-idUSBREA290KA20140310?feedType=RSS&amp;feedName=healthNews</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Exclusive: Germany OKs Northwest Bio brain cancer drug, shares soar | Reuters ]]></description>
<dc:subject>cancer treatment experimental drug brain GBM glioblastoma Germany approval</dc:subject>
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    <title>Jeremy Rifkin: The empathic civilization | Talk Video | TED</title>
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    <link>http://new.ted.com/talks/jeremy_rifkin_on_the_empathic_civilization</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>human social evolution survival consciousness global Jeremy Rifkin research empathy brain</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://books.google.com/books?id=C1krMsFCbJEC&amp;pg=PA51&amp;lpg=PA51&amp;dq=Kaplan-Meier+brain+cancer&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=rZMRvG7F4a&amp;sig=pgyjLoBL6Io1-gk6sF-HZprB4X0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=sSD4UpzTM5LE0AGmmYGQCA&amp;ved=0CFQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=survival&amp;f=false">
    <title>Brain Cancer: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2013 Edition - Google Books</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-10T00:58:45+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://books.google.com/books?id=C1krMsFCbJEC&amp;pg=PA51&amp;lpg=PA51&amp;dq=Kaplan-Meier+brain+cancer&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=rZMRvG7F4a&amp;sig=pgyjLoBL6Io1-gk6sF-HZprB4X0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=sSD4UpzTM5LE0AGmmYGQCA&amp;ved=0CFQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=survival&amp;f=false</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>brain cancer survival rates Kaplain-Meier curve odds</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:66c5f10613a6/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://neuro-oncology.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/1/51.long">
    <title>Health-related quality of life of long-term high-grade glioma survivors</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-10T00:52:00+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://neuro-oncology.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/1/51.long</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>cancer brain mortality survival calculation odds Kaplan-Meier curve</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:f8c157f9d1c2/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=2169222_1742-4682-4-40-5&amp;req=4">
    <title>Figure 5: Kaplan-Meier survival curves for glioma brain cancer. - Open-i</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-10T00:45:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=2169222_1742-4682-4-40-5&amp;req=4</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>cancer brain mortality survival calculation odds Kaplan-Meier curve</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:dc62bcea57f6/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071962/#!po=38.2353">
    <title>Survival Analysis</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-10T00:39:16+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071962/#!po=38.2353</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>cancer brain mortality survival calculation odds Kaplan-Meier curve</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:99c889dc6c9c/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/270967.php">
    <title>Discovery of new mechanism underlying depression could lead to efficient and fast-acting antidepressant drugs - Medical News Today</title>
    <dc:date>2014-02-03T18:53:28+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/270967.php</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Discovery of new mechanism underlying depression could lead to efficient and fast-acting antidepressant drugs ]]></description>
<dc:subject>in vivo animal correlation peer-reviewed research brain depression glia microglia stress response neurogenesis intervention inflammation treatment</dc:subject>
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<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:7766d2a574a9/</dc:identifier>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:microglia"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/25/opinion/sunday/how-long-have-i-got-left.html?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=0">
    <title>How Long Have I Got Left? - NYTimes.com</title>
    <dc:date>2014-01-26T21:30:44+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/25/opinion/sunday/how-long-have-i-got-left.html?smid=tw-share&amp;_r=0</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>cancer survival statistics Kaplain-Meier curve rate brain lung</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:7eff4d474f64/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.scientificcomputing.com/news/2014/01/older-brains-slow-due-greater-experience-rather-cognitive-decline">
    <title>Older Brains Slow Due to Greater Experience, Rather Than Cognitive Decline</title>
    <dc:date>2014-01-25T21:19:09+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.scientificcomputing.com/news/2014/01/older-brains-slow-due-greater-experience-rather-cognitive-decline</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>brain cognition knowledge thinking experience aging testing simulation earnest hatmandu</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:a92864d76eed/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/268472.php">
    <title>Brain may play key role in development of type 2 diabetes - Medical News Today</title>
    <dc:date>2013-11-08T01:20:06+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/268472.php</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[One brain-centered mechanism uses a process called "glucose effectiveness" to promote glucose uptake in tissues. As this process accounts for nearly half of normal glucose uptake, it is on par with the insulin-dependent processes of the pancreatic islet cells.

The researchers propose a two-system model - the pancreatic islet system reacts to rising blood glucose by releasing insulin, and the brain-centered system enhances insulin-dependent glucose metabolism while also stimulating glucose effectiveness independently of insulin.

They say type 2 diabetes appears to be the result of failure of both systems.

According to the research, the brain system is the one most likely to fail first. This puts pressure on the islet system, which can compensate and carry on for a while, but then also fails, causing further decompensation in the brain system. The result is a vicious cycle of deterioration that ends in type 2 diabetes.

Introducing insulin reduces blood sugar back to normal levels but is only half the problem, say the researchers. You also need to tackle the brain-centered system failure. It may be possible not only to keep blood glucose under control, but also to cause a reversal of the type 2 diabetes, they write.

Medical News Today reported that in another Nature paper published recently, US researchers describe how they discovered a biological link between diabetes and heart disease. They found a biological pathway through which abnormally high blood sugar can trigger irregular heartbeats.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain diabetes etiology type 2 correlation peer-reviewed research T2D remission heart disease neuroendocrine system type2 factor risk cause</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="https://pinboard.in/search/u:Michael.Massing?query=diabetes+brain">
    <title>Pinboard: Searching Michael.Massing</title>
    <dc:date>2013-11-08T01:09:54+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>https://pinboard.in/search/u:Michael.Massing?query=diabetes+brain</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Previous #research on connections between #type2 #diabetes and the #brain. #T2D #correlation ]]></description>
<dc:subject>correlation T2D type2 diabetes brain research</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:32c65f8259be/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/cannabis/healthprofessional/page4">
    <title>Cannabis and Cannabinoids (PDQ®) - National Cancer Institute</title>
    <dc:date>2013-11-05T01:45:53+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/cannabis/healthprofessional/page4</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Cannabinoids may cause antitumor effects by various mechanisms, including induction of cell death, inhibition of cell growth, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis invasion and metastasis.[9-12] One review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of action of cannabinoids as antitumor agents.[13] Cannabinoids appear to kill tumor cells but do not affect their nontransformed counterparts and may even protect them from cell death. These compounds have been shown to induce apoptosis in glioma cells in culture and induce regression of glioma tumors in mice and rats. Cannabinoids protect normal glial cells of astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages from apoptosis mediated by the CB1 receptor.[14]....
In an in vivo model using severe combined immunodeficient mice, subcutaneous tumors were generated by inoculating the animals with cells from human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines.[20] Tumor growth was inhibited by 60% in THC-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated control mice. Tumor specimens revealed that THC had antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effects. However, research with immunocompetent murine tumor models has demonstrated immunosuppression and enhanced tumor growth in mice treated with THC.[21,22]....
CBD may also enhance uptake of cytotoxic drugs into malignant cells. Activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2) has been shown to inhibit proliferation of human glioblastoma multiforme cells and overcome resistance to the chemotherapy agent carmustine.[28] In an in vitro model, CBD increased TRPV2 activation and increased uptake of cytotoxic drugs, leading to apoptosis of glioma cells without affecting normal human astrocytes. This suggests that coadministration of CBD with cytotoxic agents may increase drug uptake and potentiate cell death in human glioma cells.
_____
Understanding the mechanism of cannabinoid-induced analgesia has been increased through the study of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids, and synthetic agonists and antagonists. The CB1 receptor is found in both the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral nerve terminals. Similar to opioid receptors, increased levels of the CB1 receptor are found in regions of the brain that regulate nociceptive processing.[31] CB2 receptors, located predominantly in peripheral tissue, exist at very low levels in the CNS. With the development of receptor-specific antagonists, additional information about the roles of the receptors and endogenous cannabinoids in the modulation of pain has been obtained.[32,33]
Cannabinoids may also contribute to pain modulation through an anti-inflammatory mechanism; a CB2 effect with cannabinoids acting on mast cell receptors to attenuate the release of inflammatory agents, such as histamine and serotonin, and on keratinocytes to enhance the release of analgesic opioids has been described.[34-36] One study reported that the efficacy of synthetic CB1- and CB2-receptor agonists were comparable with the efficacy of morphine in a murine model of tumor pain.[37]]]></description>
<dc:subject>cancer tumor glioma glial cells protective apoptosis cell death suppression cannabis research peer-reviewed in vitro vivo animal brain THC CBD analgesia pain</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-09/foas-sbb093013.php#.UkmcKZgBk2Q.twitter">
    <title>Small brain biopsies can be used to grow large numbers of patient's own brain cells</title>
    <dc:date>2013-11-05T00:40:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-09/foas-sbb093013.php#.UkmcKZgBk2Q.twitter</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @SociallyMD: Small #brain biopsies can be used to grow large numbers of patient's own brain cells  #FutureMed]]></description>
<dc:subject>peer-reviewed research brain glia glial cells culture in vitro FutureMed</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:2d7373cdbd36/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/strokes-increasing-among-young-people-study-finds-8C11453155">
    <title>Strokes increasing among young people, study finds - NBC News.com</title>
    <dc:date>2013-10-24T02:07:02+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.nbcnews.com/health/strokes-increasing-among-young-people-study-finds-8C11453155</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Strokes increasing among young. #stroke #risk #comorbidity #diabetes #brain #cardiovascular #youth  via @nbcnewshealth]]></description>
<dc:subject>youth diabetes stroke brain cardiovascular risk comorbidities</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:2b6717287c48/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ctpost.com/default/article/Fears-and-cheers-in-state-s-hearing-on-medical-4457014.php">
    <title>Fears and cheers in state's hearing on medical marijuana - Connecticut Post</title>
    <dc:date>2013-10-14T15:55:33+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ctpost.com/default/article/Fears-and-cheers-in-state-s-hearing-on-medical-4457014.php</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA["Thank you for what you're doing today," said Tracey Gamer-Fanning, a 42-year-old West Hartford mother of two who is president of the Connecticut Brain Tumor Alliance. A seven-year survivor of terminal brain cancer, Gamer-Fanning says that marijuana, which she inhales via a smokeless vaporizer to avoid carcinogens, makes her life easier. Traditional anti-cancer drugs sedated her and forced her to stay in bed, she said.

"I wanted to come here today to represent not only myself as a brain cancer patient, but every patient who is afraid to come here, is afraid to come on camera, or embarrassed, or physically can't do it," she said.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain cancer treatment recommendation medical marijuana cannabis CT</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:3cae9c9a2529/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Medical-marijuana-rules-approved-4763819.php">
    <title>Medical marijuana rules approved - Connecticut Post</title>
    <dc:date>2013-10-14T15:20:14+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/Medical-marijuana-rules-approved-4763819.php</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Fanning, who is president of the Connecticut Brain Tumor Alliance, considered the approval a birthday present -- Tuesday was her 43rd birthday -- and a breakthrough in Connecticut medicine.

She uses marijuana in edible, smokeable or in a vapor, depending on her symptoms, she said, and credits the drug with freeing her from heavy narcotics that confined her to bed. Her brain tumor has stayed the same size for many months now, she said.

"It helps me get out of bed," Fanning said. "I don't suffer from unspeakable pain and I can actually talk, take care of my kids and have a life."]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain cancer treatment recommendation medical marijuana cannabis CT</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:b2b11e665b02/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://herbalwellnesscenter.com/connecticut-medical-marijuana-moving-forward/">
    <title>Connecticut Medical Marijuana Moving Forward - Herbal Wellness CenterHerbal Wellness Center</title>
    <dc:date>2013-10-14T15:13:46+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://herbalwellnesscenter.com/connecticut-medical-marijuana-moving-forward/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Tracey Gamer Fanning of West Hartford cried after the committee announced its decision. Fanning was diagnosed with brain cancer in 2006; she’s found that the only thing that helps relieve her nausea and pain is marijuana. Tuesday was her 43rd birthday.

“I am so grateful that all the people who were involved said yes today,” Fanning said. “The day I started using marijuana was the day that I got my life back, literally,” she said, reports Ken Dixon at the Connecticut Post. I really regained what the cancer had stolen from me.”

Fanning uses marijuana in edible, smokable and vaporized forms, depending on symptoms, she said. She credits cannabis for freeing her from heavy, opiate narcotics that confined her to bed.

“It helps me get out of bed,” she said. “I don’t suffer from unspeakable pain and I can actually talk, take care of my kids and have a life.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain cancer treatment recommendation medical marijuana cannabis CT pain nausea ability</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:30b23cfcbd92/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://aldf.org/blog/dogs-are-people-too-except-in-court/#!">
    <title>Dogs are People, Too—Except in Court | Animal Legal Defense Fund</title>
    <dc:date>2013-10-10T19:46:21+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://aldf.org/blog/dogs-are-people-too-except-in-court/#!</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>animals dogs neuroscience brain scan MRI ethics law personhood emotion</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:645b5159788e/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130818144431.htm#.UhI10W6k7us.twitter">
    <title>New MR analysis technique reveals brain tumor response to anti-angiogenesis therapy</title>
    <dc:date>2013-08-19T20:47:52+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130818144431.htm#.UhI10W6k7us.twitter</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[RT @DrLindaMD: New MR analysis technique reveals #brain #tumor response to anti-#angiogenesis therapy:  #glioblastoma]]></description>
<dc:subject>angiogenesis glioblastoma tumor brain</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://twitter.com/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:bb0e9ef50ad6/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://arstechnica.com/science/2013/02/premature-babies-brains-process-speech-before-theyre-fully-formed/">
    <title>Premature babies’ brains process speech before they’re fully formed | Ars Technica</title>
    <dc:date>2013-03-07T03:54:26+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://arstechnica.com/science/2013/02/premature-babies-brains-process-speech-before-theyre-fully-formed/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The data clearly suggests the ability to process sound associated with speech is already present at 30 weeks after conception...[T]he areas of the brain that do this processing aren't fully formed by this point in time.
The areas studied by the author have a distinctive layered structure, formed by the progressive birth and migration of different populations of neurons—those born first [form a layer that every] successive population has to migrate through, with the next population forming a second layer that everything after them also has to migrate through. Once the layers are completed, connections among neurons in different layers are formed. At the stage the authors are looking at, the cells are still migrating. Only some initial connections are in place.
It's often difficult to distinguish between the things our brains are structured specifically to do and things our brains are structured to have the capacity to learn. The fact these areas of the brain can pick out speech differences even before the final structure is in place, however, provides some support to the idea that some capacity to speech is inherent to the brain.

PNAS, 2013. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1212220110]]></description>
<dc:subject>speech recognition prenatal child infantile development language Chomskyan linguistics biological research in vivo human peer-reviewed brain clinical trial</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:3150725445db/</dc:identifier>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/index/~3/At0W3EC_UEA/increasing-the-bodys-but-not-brains-cannabinoids-dulls-pain.ars">
    <title>Increasing the body's (but not brain's) cannabinoids dulls pain</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-25T09:03:58+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/index/~3/At0W3EC_UEA/increasing-the-bodys-but-not-brains-cannabinoids-dulls-pain.ars</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[Just as the discovery of the opiate receptors hijacked by drugs like morphine gave us insight into the presence and roles of endogenous opiates, the cannabinoid receptors acted upon by the THC in marijuana have helped identify endocannabinoids, the substances produced by our own body that normally trigger these receptors.  Outside of the brain, peripheral cannabinoid receptors strongly inhibit pain initiation, but the chemical that signals through them was unknown.  Finding it would help us understand pain initiation, and could thus help in the development of more effective and specific painkillers.

Anandamide, from the Sanskrit word ananda, meaning bliss or delight, is an endocannabinoid that works in both the central nervous system and the periphery.  It is degraded by the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH).  To home in on its effects in the periphery, a team of scientists in California and Italy made an inhibitor of FAAH that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Thus, upon its administration, anandamide levels stay stable in the brain but are elevated in the periphery.

When standard FAAH inhibitors are given to mice, they “attenuate behavioral responses to noxious stimuli”—the mice writhe less after being injected with acetic acid.  The new FAAH inhibitor had the same effect.  This effect was blocked when inhibitors of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor were administered concurrently, indicating that anandamide achieves its pain modulation by acting through this receptor.  CB1 receptors are found in peripheral nerve endings, where they are responsible for maintaining normal pain thresholds.  

In addition to tempering this acute pain, the peripheral FAAH inhibitor was also able to attenuate responses to persistent pain caused by nerve damage and inflammation.  It is also able to modulate pain responses before they enter the spinal cord.  And, in contrast to other cannaboid receptor agonists—like cannabis, for example—this one “did not alter daily food intake, feeding pattern (latency to feed, meal frequency and satiety ratio) or spontaneous locomotor activity in mice.” In other words, the mice didn't get the munchies.

The authors note that analgesics that activate peripheral cannabinoid receptors often also have psychotropic effects.  They hope that by enhancing the anandamide-based signaling system that functions outside of the brain, they can achieve a high level of analgesia without these sorts of side effects—as pleasant or desirable as some of them may be.

Nature Neuroscience, 2010.  DOI: 10.1038/nn.2632  (About DOIs).]]></description>
<dc:subject>biochemistry biology cannabinoids cannabis pain neuropathy treatment brain peer-reviewed medical research strategies via:DerCed</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.lifehacker.com.au/2013/02/why-you-should-never-have-more-than-nine-browser-tabs-open/">
    <title>Why You Should Never Have More Than Nine Browser Tabs Open | Lifehacker Australia</title>
    <dc:date>2013-02-16T04:39:17+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.lifehacker.com.au/2013/02/why-you-should-never-have-more-than-nine-browser-tabs-open/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>browser speed tweaks howto tips tricks productivity efficiency attention focus cognition brain keyboard shortcut</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.space.com/18630-universe-grows-like-brain.html">
    <title>Universe Grows Like A Brain | Social Networks | Space.com</title>
    <dc:date>2013-01-31T04:50:23+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.space.com/18630-universe-grows-like-brain.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[When the team compared the universe's history with growth of social networks and brain circuits, they found all the networks expanded in similar ways: They balanced links between similar nodes with ones that already had many connections. For instance, a cat lover surfing the Internet may visit mega-sites such as Google or Yahoo, but will also browse cat fancier websites or YouTube kitten videos. In the same way, neighboring brain cells like to connect, but neurons also link to such "Google brain cells" that are hooked up to loads of other brain cells.

The eerie similarity between networks large and small is unlikely to be a coincidence, Krioukov said.

"For a physicist it's an immediate signal that there is some missing understanding of how nature works," Krioukov said.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain model growth universe expansion computer modeling cosmogony earnest neural social networks correlation</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121004093508.htm">
    <title>Anthropologist finds evidence of hominin meat eating 1.5 million years ago: Eating meat may have 'made us human'</title>
    <dc:date>2013-01-30T02:19:51+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121004093508.htm</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>human origins meat-eating nutritional deficiency diet evolution research peer-reviewed brain development protein meat</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159985">
    <title>Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain ... [Nat Med. 2007] - PubMed - NCBI</title>
    <dc:date>2013-01-28T05:19:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159985</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>medical research peer-reviewed probiotic bacteria benefit beneficial gut brain lactobacillus acidophilus opioid cannabinoid receptors neuroendocrine flora microbiota</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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	<rdf:li rdf:resource="https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/t:microbiota"/>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.juliedaniluk.com/health-tips/alzheimers-disease-and-inflammation.html">
    <title>Alzheimer’s Disease and Inflammation | Health Tips</title>
    <dc:date>2013-01-23T01:15:25+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.juliedaniluk.com/health-tips/alzheimers-disease-and-inflammation.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><dc:subject>Alzheimer's brain inflammation self care food anti-imflammatory Julie Daniluk onions garlic ginger turmeric</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:6c0d6b477d3a/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-04-2010/health_discovery_the_anti_alzheimer_s_diet.html?CMP=KNC-360I-GOOGLE-HEA-CTR&amp;HBX_PK=alzheimers_research&amp;360cid=SI_148923240_10055968381_1">
    <title>The Anti-Alzheimer’s Diet - AARP Bulletin</title>
    <dc:date>2012-11-21T03:48:11+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-04-2010/health_discovery_the_anti_alzheimer_s_diet.html?CMP=KNC-360I-GOOGLE-HEA-CTR&amp;HBX_PK=alzheimers_research&amp;360cid=SI_148923240_10055968381_1</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[One eating pattern stood out as especially protective. Those least likely to be stricken with Alzheimer’s consumed a combination of foods rich in brain-healthy nutrients including olive oil and vinegar, nuts, fish, poultry, vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage, green leafy vegetables, and fruits, including tomatoes. They also ate less red meat, butter, and high-fat dairy products.

“The men and women who adhered most closely to this eating pattern had a 38 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease,” says neurologist Nikolaos Scarmeas, M.D., one of the study’s authors. “The combination of foods was most important. That’s where you get the benefit.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical research Alzheimer's diet prevention self care human in vivo dairy milk fat correlation red meat morbidity dietary brain protection clinical trial peer-reviewed</dc:subject>
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</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.lsa.umich.edu/psych/research&amp;labs/berridge/Research.html">
    <title>Kent Berridge Affective Neuroscience &amp; Biopsychology Lab</title>
    <dc:date>2012-08-13T06:43:59+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.lsa.umich.edu/psych/research&amp;labs/berridge/Research.html</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[# How is pleasure generated in the brain?
# What are the neural bases of wanting and liking?
# How are rewards learned?
# How is learning transformed into incentive motivation?
# How do brain motivation systems work?
# What causes addiction?
# How does the brain distinguish pleasant from unpleasant?
# How does fear relate to desire?
# Can an emotion ever be truly unconscious?
# How are complex streams of real behavior produced by brains?
# What goes wrong in action disorders (Parkinson's, OCD, or Tourettes' )? ]]></description>
<dc:subject>research behavioral neuroscience neurology biopsychology pleasure desire wanting liking reward learning incentive motivation addiction fear emotion unconscious behavior brain action disorders correlation</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
<dc:identifier>https://pinboard.in/u:Michael.Massing/b:747e24023591/</dc:identifier>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=new-pleasure-circuit-found-brain">
    <title>New Pleasure Circuit Found in the Brain: Scientific American</title>
    <dc:date>2012-08-12T00:36:24+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=new-pleasure-circuit-found-brain</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[# New research has uncovered hotspots in the brain that, when stimulated, enhance sensations of pleasure.
# These hedonic hotspots differ from the “reward circuit” previously thought to be the basis of good feelings—a pathway now believed to mediate desire more than enjoyment.
# Higher brain regions receive information from these pleasure and reward circuits to consciously represent the warm glow we associate with joy.
# A decoupling of the brain systems that generate “wanting” and “liking” may underlie addictive behavior—a clue that may lead to new treatments.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain pleasure reward mapping circuitry desire enjoyment emotion behavioral research medical anatomy earnest hatmandu</dc:subject>
<dc:source>https://pinboard.in/</dc:source>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.hg2s.com/blog/2009/07/10/and-then-our-tools-shape-us/">
    <title>And Then Our Tools Shape Us… | The HG2S Training Blog</title>
    <dc:date>2012-08-08T09:12:56+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.hg2s.com/blog/2009/07/10/and-then-our-tools-shape-us/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[“After several minutes using the grasping tool, the participants subsequent reaching movements with their hand were slower to start and stop, making them longer-lasting overall, compared with before the tool use – as if their own arm was now perceived as longer. Moreover, when the participants were subsequently blindfolded and asked to point to where they’d just been touched by the researchers, on the tip of the middle finger and on the elbow, the places the participants pointed to were further apart, compared with before tool use, again suggesting that they now perceived their arm to be longer.”

Interestingly the feedback loop from man-to-tool and back again is observed. From Science Daily:

“After using a mechanical grabber that extended their reach, people behaved as though their arm really was longer, they found. What’s more, study participants perceived touches delivered on the elbow and middle fingertip of their arm as if they were farther apart after their use of the grabbing tool.

People still went on using their arm successfully following after tool use, but they managed tasks differently. That is, they grasped or pointed to object correctly, but they did not move their hand as quickly and overall took longer to complete the tasks.”

The authors of the study go on to say:

“We believe this ability of our body representation to functionally adapt to incorporate tools is the fundamental basis of skillful tool use. Once the tool is incorporated in the body schema, it can be maneuvered and controlled as if it were a body part itself.”]]></description>
<dc:subject>Marshall McLuhan quotations tool use neuroplasticity behavioral research cognition brain earnest hatmandu</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/27/the-healing-power-of-touching-yourself/">
    <title>Medicine: How Touching Yourself Can Help You Heal | Healthland | TIME.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-06-26T09:28:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/27/the-healing-power-of-touching-yourself/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[What’s the first thing you do when you burn or cut one of your hands? You might think [you put it under a faucet or wrap a towel around it. Actually the first thing you do is reflexive:] you grasp the hurt hand with the other one. We have known at least since the ’60s that this kind of self-touch actually reduces pain. If you try to keep your other hand away, you will hurt a lot more. It’s not just the pressure you apply. Pain is reduced far more when it’s your own hand, not anyone else’s....
Now a new study shows that self-touch also minimizes more complex kinds of pain. The study comes amid a flood of experiments in the past few years showing that the body and mind work together to heal physical and mental discomfort. One major example is recent research showing that simply the act of deciding to seek help for a medical problem such as back pain or depression or sexual dysfunction can reduce the severity of that problem, even before you have received a single treatment.
In the new experiment, [researchers] used self-touch to reduce a complicated physical sensation called central pain. Phantom-limb pain — when your brain feels pain in a limb that has been amputated — is one kind of central pain. Dystonia, a painful movement disorder, is another.
Central pain is also the major player in the carnival-like experiment called the thermal grill illusion. In the thermal grill illusion, you are made to touch a very warm object — say, a heated-but-not-scorching grill — and then, immediately afterward, a cool object such as a room-temperature grill. Quite reliably, your brain will fool you into believing the second object is excruciatingly hot, even though nothing has happened to your flesh. The first grill wasn’t hot enough to burn, and the second is actually cool. But your brain is confused: that’s central pain.]]></description>
<dc:subject>medical behavioral research pain perception brain</dc:subject>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/sugar-makes-you-stupid-study-shows-how-high-fructose-diet-sabotages-learning-memory">
    <title>Sugar Makes You Stupid: Study Shows How a High-Fructose Diet Sabotages Learning, Memory</title>
    <dc:date>2012-05-16T07:19:19+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.dlife.com/diabetes-news/content/sugar-makes-you-stupid-study-shows-how-high-fructose-diet-sabotages-learning-memory</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[The DHA-deprived rats also developed signs of resistance to insulin, a hormone that controls blood sugar and regulates synaptic function in the brain. A closer look at the rats' brain tissue suggested that insulin had lost much of its power to influence the brain cells.

"Because insulin can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, the hormone may signal neurons to trigger reactions that disrupt learning and cause memory loss," Gomez-Pinilla said.

He suspects that fructose is the culprit behind the DHA-deficient rats' brain dysfunction. Eating too much fructose could block insulin's ability to regulate how cells use and store sugar for the energy required for processing thoughts and emotions.

"Insulin is important in the body for controlling blood sugar, but it may play a different role in the brain, where insulin appears to disturb memory and learning," he said. "Our study shows that a high-fructose diet harms the brain as well as the body. This is something new."

Gomez-Pinilla, a native of Chile and an exercise enthusiast who practices what he preaches, advises people to keep fructose intake to a minimum and swap sugary desserts for fresh berries and Greek yogurt, which he keeps within arm's reach in a small refrigerator in his office. An occasional bar of dark chocolate that hasn't been processed with a lot of extra sweetener is fine too, he said.

Still planning to throw caution to the wind and indulge in a hot-fudge sundae? Then also eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, like salmon, walnuts and flaxseeds, or take a daily DHA capsule. Gomez-Pinilla recommends one gram of DHA per day.

"Our findings suggest that consuming DHA regularly protects the brain against fructose's harmful effects," said Gomez-Pinilla. "It's like saving money in the bank. You want to build a reserve for your brain to tap when it requires extra fuel to fight off future diseases."

The UCLA study was funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Gomez-Pinilla's lab will next examine the role of diet in recovery from brain trauma.]]></description>
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<item rdf:about="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/03/connectome-brain-map/">
    <title>Rainbow Brain Map Reveals Grid-Like Pattern | Wired Science | Wired.com</title>
    <dc:date>2012-04-08T06:49:22+00:00</dc:date>
    <link>http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/03/connectome-brain-map/</link>
    <dc:creator>Michael.Massing</dc:creator><description><![CDATA[To the unaided eye, the most striking feature of the human brain is its squiggly pattern of bumps and grooves. But within those curves is a latticework of nerve fibers that cross each other at roughly right angles (above), according to a study published March 30 in Science.
The researchers used a recently-developed method called diffusion spectrum imaging to infer the position of nerve fibers in the living human brain from the way water flows through and around them. These scans revealed an orderly weave of fibers — a much simpler organization than many scientists would have suspected.
Scans in four monkey species found a similar pattern. The researchers suggest that this grid-like organization may be advantageous during brain development, providing the equivalent of highway lane markers to help growing nerve fibers find their way to the appropriate destination.]]></description>
<dc:subject>brain structure medical research peer-reviewed visualization mapping David.E hatmandu earnest</dc:subject>
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